Abstract: System and method for notifying a user status of communications between a server and the user having one or more user devices in a communication network are disclosed. The system includes a server for communicating with the user, where the server includes a connected-data-set and the one or more user devices share portions of the connected-data-set, logic for monitoring communications between the server and the one or more user devices for a predetermined set of notification conditions, and logic for sending a notification message to the one or more user devices when a notification condition is detected.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for transparent transmission control protocol (TCP) offload with best effort direct placement of incoming traffic are disclosed. Aspects of a method may include collecting TCP segments in a network interface card (NIC) processor without transferring state information to a host processor every time a TCP segment is received. When an event occurs that terminates the collection of TCP segments, the NIC processor may generate a new aggregated TCP segment based on the collected TCP segments. If a placement sequence number corresponding to the generated new TCP segment for the particular network flow is received before the TCP segment is received, the generated new TCP segment may be transferred directly from the memory to the user buffer instead of transferring the data to a kernel buffer, which would require further copy by the host stack from kernel buffer to user buffer.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for transparent transmission control protocol (TCP) offload with per flow estimation of far end transmit window are disclosed. Aspects of a method may include storing at a network interface card (NIC) processor state information for a received TCP segment and state information for transmitted TCP segments for a determined network flow without transferring state information for the received TCP segment to a host system communicatively coupled to the NIC. The generation of a new TCP segment comprising the collected received TCP segments may be controlled based on the occurrence of a termination event and a transmit window size. The period of time for aggregation of received TCP segments may be calculated based on the sequence numbers of the next expected TCP segment and the next received acknowledgement packet.

Abstract: Method of augmenting a deployed network to include additional network elements. The method includes instructions for determining whether a deployed network is sufficient for supporting existing customer and future customer demands and generating an augmented network design if the deployed network is insufficient. The augmented network design includes new network nodes such that deployed network is a subset of the augmented network, thereby permitting augmenting of the deployed network without interruption services to the existing customers supported by the deployed network.

Abstract: A network monitoring system monitors a data network and enables observation of the data network state in the present or any arbitrary previous time. The system maintains an object-oriented network model that mirrors the state of network devices. A network data repository stores and maintains the network model. The network model retains a history of network events, enabling the system to reconstruct the state of all or a portion of the devices in the network at any previous time. The network data repository detects network devices on the data network to be monitored, communicates with network devices, monitors the state of network devices, receives and records network events, provides device and network state information to client applications, and manages data storage. Client applications can rewind and replay the history of the network model, allowing the observation of network devices and all of their state data at any prior time.

Abstract: A logical connection method in a network in which plural terminals are connected for intercommunication is provided. The method includes letting each of the terminals store a connection management table and plural connection tables, the connection management table indicating other end of a logical connection at present, and each of the connection tables indicating other end of a logical connection corresponding to each of various types of logical networks that are determined in advance, transmitting a table switching command that designates any of the connection tables from at least one of the terminals to other terminal, in response to reception of the table switching command, letting each of the terminals switch contents of the connection management table to contents of the connection table designated by the received table switching command.

Abstract: Modeling a ring network of a network system includes creating a ring object that models the ring network. The network system includes a network element that has components. The ring object includes provisioning properties, where a provisioning property describes configuring a component to become a member of the ring network. A component is associated with the ring object to allow the component to become a member of the ring network, where the associated component is allowed to receive packets communicated by the ring network. The ring object is stored at memory of the network element.

Abstract: A method of initiating a set up process for a call between users with reduced set up times using one or more 3G telecommunication networks. The method is provided between at least a pair of H.324-like terminals coupled to the one or more 3G telecommunication networks. The method includes establishing a bearer channel between a first terminal and a second terminal after a call signaling process, transmitting a first FSS message from the first terminal to the second terminal. The first FSS message includes a first preference profile associated with a first mode of operation for the call and a second preference profile associated with a second mode of operation for the call. The method also includes selecting either the first mode of operation or the second mode of operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for positioning a portable subscriber station (PSS) using a WiBro repeater, and a repeater having the apparatus. The method of positioning the portable subscriber station in a network having a radio access station (RAS) and a repeater, including the operations of: detecting a preamble signal transmitted from the RAS; generating a reference time by measuring a receiving time of the preamble signal and by compensating the receiving time of the preamble signal by taking into consideration a signal delay time between the RAS and the repeater; measuring a receiving time of a ranging signal received from the PSS on the basis of the reference time; and calculating the receiving time of the ranging signal by using a time stamp generated on the basis of the receiving time of the preamble signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of searching a wireless channel by searching unused wireless channels. A list of the searched unused wireless channels is stored. A multimedia signal transmitted and received through one of the unused wireless channels. Thus, a wireless channel searching method, a wireless transmitting/receiving system and a wireless transmitting apparatus of the present invention, quickly change a wireless transmitting channel into other usable channels, if interference occurs in a wireless transmitting channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring the throughput of uplink data in a WiBro repeater, the method including the operations of: (a) extracting a plurality of tiles from a predetermined number of symbols that are collected over a plurality of times by performing frequency conversion on the uplink data; (b) calculating power values for the respective extracted tiles; (c) calculating an average noise value from the calculated power values; (d) calculating a threshold value, which is used to identify noise, from the average noise value, and calculating the number of tiles having power values more than the threshold value; and (e) calculating the throughput by estimating based on the number of the tiles the number of subchannels carrying data.

Abstract: In a method of multipath acquisition for a dedicated traffic channel, path positions of the traffic channel that have desired signal energy for processing in a base station receiver may be determined as a function of information contained in a data part of the traffic channel.

Abstract: Requesting a network resource includes facilitating a communication session between a mobile node and an endpoint. A trigger event is received at a first anchor point associated with the mobile node. The trigger event indicates that reservation of a network resource is being requested for the communication session. A second anchor point associated with the endpoint is identified. Reservation of the network resources for the communication sessions is initiated over a tunnel between the first anchor point and the second anchor point.

Abstract: A wireless broadband communication system that operates with high efficiency and reduced latency in long range point-to-point and point-to-multipoint applications. The system includes multiple transceivers and multiple antennas for transmitting and receiving wireless signals using TDD techniques over multiple channels, which include a control channel for setting both the size of the transmit bursts and the modulation threshold level. By determining the size of the transmit bursts for a subsequent data transmission based upon the number of filler packets detected in a specified number of previously received bursts, and adjusting the modulation threshold level for the subsequent transmission based upon the transmit burst size, the system provides increased data throughput, while maintaining the packet error rate at an acceptable level. As the throughput requirements of the system are relaxed, the modulation threshold levels can be adjusted to provide reduced packet error rates.

Abstract: A control unit estimates the time required from when signals are transmitted respectively to a plurality of terminal apparatuses to when responses from them are received. In a plurality of partial periods, partial periods for receiving signals continue after partial periods for transmitting the signals continue, and the order of terminal apparatuses assigned in the partial periods for receiving signals are defined in the order of terminal apparatuses assigned in the partial periods for transmitting signals, and the control unit assigns a terminal apparatus, whose estimated required time is longer, to an early partial period in a series of partial periods for transmitting signals. A radio unit and the like perform communication with the plurality of terminal apparatuses to which the respective plurality of partial periods have been assigned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of buffering packets for the mobile node at an access router or network node near the edge of the network that the mobile is moving away from or towards. The buffered packets are then forwarded to the mobile node once the handoff process is completed. This invention also relates to the use of buffering packets originating from the mobile node during the handoff process. The buffered packets are then forwarded to their intended destinations once the handoff process is completed. The buffering system is used in conjunction with existing mobility protocols, access protocols, or as an independent network or link layer mechanism.

Abstract: A dual-mode mobile terminal and method for performing PS call between different communication networks. In the mobile terminal, a second communication module which communicates with a second communication network, prepares for its operation and enters into a low power mode when it is requested for the PS call through a first communication module communicating with a first communication network. When the mobile terminal moves from the first communication network to the second communication network, the second communication module performs an initialization for the PS call to the second communication network. When the initialization is complete, the second communication module interrupts the PS call through the first communication network and performs a packet service communication through the first communication network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for performing roaming capable of minimizing a ping-pong phenomenon and a dual mode mobile terminal using the same. Functions for the method for performing roaming and the dual mode mobile terminal using the same are realized such that a ping-pong phenomenon occurring in a shadow area of one of the communication networks providing communication services using different mobile communication techniques can be minimized. To this end, it is determined if the dual mode mobile terminal is in a shadow area by counting the number of ping-pong occurrences in the process of performing a mode based on a corresponding communication service and a ping-pong period is adjusted only when the dual mode mobile terminal is in the shadow area, thereby minimizing a ping-pong phenomenon.

Abstract: A call handover method for an Internet Protocol (IP) communication network using hierarchical routing comprising first and second mobility anchor points (P1, P2) connected to respective first and second access routers (R1, R2) and a home agent (EA) of a mobile first node (T1) communicating with a second node (T2) consists in, when the mobile first node (T1) detects the second access router (R2): i) determining the address prefix of the second access router (R2) in order to communicate it to the mobile first node (T1) in order for the latter to construct additional local and regional care-of addresses, ii) communicating the additional local care-of address to the first anchor point (P1) in order for it to set up a temporary tunnel (TU) to the second access router (R2) in order to forward packets addressed to the mobile first node (T1) to the second access router (R2), iii) connecting the mobile first node (T1) to the second access router (R2) in order to forward to it the packets received via the temporary tun

Abstract: A method of evaluating the performance of a mobile telephone network having at least a first and a second simulation of a first and a second network configuration, respectively, which are statistically independent of each other. Each simulation includes the following steps: specifying a total number of users to be simulated; determining a sequence of activation of user blocks included in this total number of users to be simulated and indicating a traffic distribution; activating said user blocks in succession until the total number of users to be simulated is reached; and processing at least one radio resource management event relating to the traffic distribution associated with each currently activated user block. The simulations are repeated until a predetermined accuracy threshold is reached for each simulated network value.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for wireless communication in which one or more devices are scheduled to awake from a low power sleep state at a scheduled time for data transmission. An illustrative embodiment addresses difficulties that may arise as a result of clock errors that can occur when a device enters a sleep mode for a period of time with a scheduled wake-up time. The device that enters sleep mode may be a remote device in a system including a master device that devises a schedule for the remote device to enter and exit sleep and active communication modes. In one embodiment, the active window for a remote device is extended for a period of time related to the period between a reference time and the remote device transmission time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus resolves conflicts and ambiguities of GSM standards arising in DTM by monitoring only selected downlink timeslots for uplink status flags (USFs). Downlink timeslots with a packet data channel (PDCH) are monitored for a USF from a lowest numbered time slot, B(0), to a maximum time slot B(MAX) where B(MAX) is equal to the lowest transmission uplink timeslot, B(x), in the corresponding TDMA uplink frame if the second lowest transmission uplink timeslot B(x)+1, is a circuit switched timeslot and where B(MAX) is equal to the second lowest transmission timeslot in the corresponding TDMA frame, B(x)+1, otherwise.

Abstract: A wireless LAN system if formed by a base station, mobile stations and a controller. The controller receives a frame over wireless media, and a frame analyzer analyzes the received frame. A determination section determines whether or not the frame received at a predicted time based on the rule of frame for a service on a layer higher than a media access control layer is an intended frame based on results from the frame analyzer. A frame transmitter sends out a frame containing a field specifying the duration of the frame to be transmitted to a destination station that should be given the first priority to transmit on a wireless uplink and downlink, based on the determination that the frame received is not in conformity with the rule of frame.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and software containing computer readable code to implement the method implemented in a first wireless device. The method includes, for a particular network identifier active in a wireless network, transmitting frames configured to advertise the infrastructure network of the particular network identifier. The transmitting of off-channel beacons is in a provided channel different than the channel in which the access point of the infrastructure wireless of the particular network identifier transmits beacon frames. The transmitting of off-channel beacons further is at a rate higher than the beacon rate frame at which the access point of the infrastructure wireless of the particular network identifier transmits beacon frames.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for controlling data transmission in a wireless network system including a plurality of nodes. In accordance with the present invention, a duty cycle of a buffer of a node is configured to be adjusted according to a threshold value and a priority of a data to improve energy efficiency according to a variation of a network traffic, guarantee a prioritized transmission of an emergency data, prevent exclusive use of transmission medium by a certain node, and maximize a packet process rate.

Abstract: A novel and useful synchronization mechanism that functions to provide a uniform time base for mesh points in a WLAN mesh based network. The invention enables timing synchronization to a common reference clock base by advertising the common TSF within beacon transmissions. All MPs in a mesh share a common DTIM interval. The synchronization mechanism enables the mesh points to avoid collisions in the generation and transmission of beacons. The TBTT offsets of the current MP and its neighbors are advertised in beacons so that neighboring MPs that hear the beacons can select non-overlapping TBTT offsets. Each MP receives one or more beacons from its neighbors and compares the timing of its neighbors to that of itself and adopts the highest TSF (i.e. the fastest) in the mesh. Eventually, all MPs in the mesh will adjust their timing to that of the MP with the fastest clock. The reception of beacons by MPs from its neighbors is also advertised.

Abstract: The invention is a method and system for mobile communications. A mobile communicator communicates with a network routing center. The communicator monitors each of two or more wireless carriers for a service characteristic. The communicator selects, based on the monitored service characteristic, one of the two or more wireless carriers. The mobile communicator can then communicate with the network routing center using the selected wireless carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a packet detection device including a reception end for receiving signals; a matched filter coupled to the reception; a power meter coupled to the reception end and the matched filter for calculating power of signals received by the reception end; and a logic unit coupled to the matched filter and the power meter for determining whether a packet is received according to the values of the matched filter and power meter. The present invention is capable of de-spreading coefficients of a preamble sequence into first de-spread signals and second de-spread signals and determining a matched value such that the complexity and surface area of the hardware can be reduced so that the efficiency of detecting packets can be increased.

Abstract: In a single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system that utilizes interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) or localized FDMA, multiple transmitters may transmit their pilots using time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), interleaved frequency division multiplexing (IFDM), or localized frequency division multiplexing (LFDM). The pilots from these transmitters are then orthogonal to one another. A receiver performs the complementary demultiplexing for the pilots sent by the transmitters. The receiver may derive a channel estimate for each transmitter using an MMSE technique or a least-squares technique. The receiver may receive overlapping data transmissions sent on the same time-frequency block by the multiple transmitters and may perform receiver spatial processing with spatial filter matrices to separate these data transmissions.

Abstract: A method for dynamically updating transmission characteristics, the method includes: evaluating at least one transmission characteristic in response to a reception of at least one information frame being transmitted over an ultra wideband wireless medium; and transmitting link feedback information and acknowledgement information in response to the reception of the at least one information frame. A device that includes: a receiver adapted to evaluate at least one transmission characteristic in response to a reception of at least one information frame being transmitted over an ultra wideband wireless medium; and transmitter adapted to transmit link feedback information and acknowledgement information in response to the reception of the at least one information frame.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for the transmission of data from a transmitter to a receiver according to the standard universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS standard). The present invention is directed to improving data transmission according to the UMTS standard. To this end, the transmission of data is accelerated, and an inband-signaling of information is carried out on an MAC-layer plane, wherein the information is particularly relevant to the UMTS base station (BS).

Abstract: Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, data structures, computer-readable media, and mechanisms, for identifying admission control policies and enforcement of these admission control policies on packets destined for a route processor. A typical routing device includes: a route processor, a forwarding lookup mechanism for identifying packets destined for the route processor; a lookup mechanism for identifying admission control parameters for packets destined for the route processor; and an admission control enforcement mechanism for enforcing the identified admission control policy parameters for the packets.

Abstract: Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, data structures, computer-readable media, and mechanisms, for a route processor adjusting admission control policies for packets destined for the route processor and enforced on line cards. Individual line cards can identify offending packet flows that pass through them. However, for example, it is possible that an attack on the route processor might comprise packets being forwarded to the route processor from different line cards, with these packets belonging to a same or different packet flow. By monitoring and identifying offending packet flows, the route processor can inform at least the line cards corresponding to these offending packet flows in order to adjust their corresponding admission control policies to combat such an attack, while typically allowing legitimate traffic to continue to flow at the desired rate to the route processor.

Abstract: A content router including a repository is provided for synchronizing information among a plurality of dissimilar content nodes, such as user devices and user accounts. Some content nodes may include similar content types but in incompatible forms. The content router may strip off or transform incompatible sections of an incoming command when forming an outgoing command to be sent a content node. The content router may use the repository to hold a section of content related to content sent to a content node where that section is incompatible with the content node. If the content is return, the content router may restore the incompatible section before propagating the content to other content nodes.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for routing changes to information between a plurality of content nodes and a command memory of a content router. Content nodes may be user devices (such as mobile phones) and user accounts (such as email accounts). Content nodes may hold one or more content types such as email, contacts, tasks, events and library items. A command memory centralizes conflict detection, resolution and error handling within a content routing system.

Abstract: A residential Ethernet switching device for sub frame-based switching in a residential Ethernet system is provided. The device includes a plurality of reception data path processors for parsing a residential Ethernet frame inputted to the residential Ethernet switching device, as respective residential Ethernet sub frames, and outputting the parsed residential Ethernet sub frames, a switch fabric for switching the residential Ethernet sub frames inputted through the plurality of reception data path processors, a plurality of transmission data path processors for providing an output path for multiplexing and outputting the residential Ethernet sub frames switched through the switch fabric, and a local cycle counter connected to the plurality of reception data path processors, the switch fabric, and the plurality of transmission data path processors, and providing cycle counter information on the respective residential Ethernet sub-frames.

Abstract: A system and method of notifying a user of events in a customizable manner during and not during a voice call is provided. According to one aspect, the notifications are configurable to be dependant on whether or not there is an active voice call. Notifications may also be configured to be different depending on whether or not the wireless device is inside a device holster. Notifications can be configured to be different for different events so that the user may be able to associate certain notifications with certain events. The user can also configure the type of events that trigger notification. Notifications include any combination of audible cues, visual cues, and vibration cues.

Abstract: A system and method for continuous voice calls when a user switches between packet data and circuit switched access networks. In one example embodiment, the present innovations include an interworking system that supports voice call continuity for a user that moves between IP-CAN and CS networks (e.g., PSTN or GSM). In one example embodiment, the present innovations comprise a voice call continuity application server (VCC-AS) that serves as an anchor point for a voice call (i.e., it is the node from which a handover is initiated) and controls and handles voice calls to and from the user equipment (UE) regardless of the access network.

Abstract: An ISUP/SIP gateway is implemented to encapsulate SS7 location requests from a switched telephone network into an Internet protocol SIP message including one or more location objects. The ISUP/SIP gateway is implemented between a mobile switching center (MSC) and a VoIP positioning center (VPC) to provide support of unlicensed mobile access (UMA) voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call routing, e.g., for E9-1-1, 4-1-1, 2-1-1, etc. The disclosed location objects that are encapsulated into a SIP message includes calling party number, called party number, CGI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), mobility indicator, and/or access point MAC address. At the SIP/ISUP gateway, SS7 integrated services user part (ISUP) location request messages are encapsulated within SIP. The SIP encapsulated location request message is then routed over the Internet to a destination VoIP positioning center (VPC).

Abstract: A method is presented comprising transmitting, from an application computer communicably connected to a call controller which is connected to a data network, packetized messages indicative of telephone calls in progress at an endpoint of the data network, or indicative of such endpoint, and transmitting, from the call controller to the application computer, packetized messages indicative of a variety of information contained in, or relevant to, the telephone calls so as to process such information for a variety of applications. Apparatus to implement the method is also presented.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to queued requests to establish human-to-human collaborative sessions and provide a novel and non-obvious method, system and computer program product for managing queued requests to establish human-to-human collaborative sessions. In one embodiment, a human-to-human collaborative data processing system can be provided which can include a messenger configured for coupling to other messengers. The system further can include a queue of incoming session requests to establish respective human-to-human collaborative sessions with requesters associated with the other messengers. Finally, the system can include queue management logic enabled to order the session requests in the queue according to queue rules coupled to the queue management logic.

Abstract: The present invention has been made to provide a portable information terminal, an IP address setting program, and an IP address setting method capable of eliminating the need to assign a static IP address to each portable information terminal and eliminating the need to provide a DHCP server for each portable information terminal. A portable information terminal 1 performs a communication using an IP address by connecting to a USB-LAN adapter 2. The potable information terminal 1 has a USB interface 15 that connects to the USB-LAN adapter 2 and a controller 11 that reads an IP address previously stored in the USB-LAN adapter 2 through the USB interface 15 and sets the IP address to the portable information terminal as the IP address thereof.

Abstract: A packet detector for a multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system includes a plurality of packet detection units each corresponding to a time frequency code for detecting packets according to a spreading sequence of the time frequency code, a comparison unit for comparing correlation values provided by division units of the plurality of packet detection units, and a packet decision module for determining a time frequency code and size of a fast Fourier transform sampling window according to output signals of the comparison unit, allowing a frequency band to be selected and synchronization to be executed.

Abstract: A method for routing signaling messages between nodes in a network in which virtual addresses are used to route messages in a predetermined order to a set of network nodes.

Abstract: A point-to-point emulation apparatus and method in a broadband wireless communication system are provided. In a communication method in an RAS in a broadband wireless communication system, an ID of a source terminal and an ID of a destination terminal are registered in a database by mapping the ID of the source terminal to the ID of the destination terminal, for communications between terminals registered to the RAS. Upon receipt of traffic data from the source terminal, a header of the traffic data is converted using the database, for transmission to the destination terminal on a downlink.

Abstract: Methods and systems of for multicast transport call session control for improving forward bandwidth utilization are disclosed. Forward channel bandwidth utilization is improved through pipelining and in-band token control of the multicast protocol when there exists a multiplicity of data objects for delivery from the server (202) to the clients (208).

Abstract: A method of operation for a node of an Ethernet access network includes issuing a multicast message on the Ethernet access network by a maintenance end point (MEP) of the node. The multicast message contains a name of a target MEP. The node is further operable to receive a unicast reply message from the target MEP, the unicast message reply containing a MEP identifier (MEP-ID) and a MEP Media Access Control (MAC) address of the target MEP. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A method for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) Registration. Once the Broadcast/Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) receives the MBMS Registration Request from a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), it adds an identifier of the GGSN to the BM-SC's MBMS Bearer Context, and responds with an MBMS Registration Response comprising information of the MBMS Bearer Context to the GGSN; the GGSN receives the MBMS Registration Response and finishes creation of an MBMS Bearer Context based on the information of the MBMS Bearer Context which is comprised in the MBMS Registration Response. If the MBMS Bearer Context in upstream node that received MBMS Registration Request is in “Active” state, the upstream node will initiate Session Start procedure after a preset period of time when it finishes sending MBMS Registration Response.

Abstract: A system for improving the performance of on-demand mobile communications services includes a wireless network having a plurality of mobile devices and an application server. A relay node receives data from a first mobile device, the data having a destination address associated with the application server. The relay node is adapted to detect a service flag in the received data and route the received data to a second mobile device in accordance with stored routing rules. The received data may be transmitted using the UDP protocol, including error correction code for important data to guarantee packet delivery. A client device may be further adapted to track the duration of idle communications periods during operation of a client application, and transmit a dummy packet to the gaming server when the duration exceed a predetermined threshold to prevent the relinquishment of allocated system resources.

Abstract: A method and system for protecting valuable resources within an autonomous system network. Address prefixes within the system are designated as valuable and a flag bit is associated with the address within routing tables of routers of the network. Interfaces to border routers are identified and when packets are received at those interfaces, the packets are flagged with a flag or tag bit. The destination address of the received packet is compared to the flag bit associated with the valuable resource prefix, and if the packet is directed to that resource the packet is dropped and/or logged, but the packet is not forwarded to that resource. In specific cases an interface from an external source may be configured to not create the flag or tag bit, wherein that packet will be delivered to the destination prefix of the packet.