Abstract: A server and a simultaneous access control method, the server including: a connector to receive data from and transmit data to a plurality of clients; and a connection manager to extract a simultaneously accessible client from among the plurality of clients, and to permit access to the extracted client, if the plurality of clients request access to the server. Therefore, effective network traffic can be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing a communication channel provided. The apparatus includes a storage unit which stores a communication channel search starting point for an address of the apparatus; and a controller which searches a communication channel at the communication channel search starting point set in the address of the apparatus Accordingly, the probability of establishing the same communication channel may be reduced. As a result, inter-channel interference may also be reduced so that image deterioration may be prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for dividing an original data into N pieces of partial data and generating L pieces of encoded data on the basis of the N pieces of partial data wherein N is a natural number greater than 1 and L is a natural number equal to or greater than N, each of the L pieces of encoded data including a header part and a operation result part, the header part including selection data identifying a subset of the N pieces of partial data on which a predetermined operation is performed, the operation result part being generated by performing the predetermined operation on partial data included in the subset identified by the selection data, wherein the L pieces of encoded data are divided into one or more transmission data groups and each of the one or more transmission data groups is transmitted to one of one or more first communication links.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and a system for synchronizing clocks in a coordinated network of computers including a multitude of processing nodes, each of the nodes having a clock and one or more neighbor nodes. The method comprises the steps of electing one of the nodes as a correct leader node; and each of the non-leader nodes adjusting its clock rate, based on messages exchanged with neighbor nodes, to remain synchronized with the clock of said correct leader node. In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting step includes the step of each of the non-correct leader nodes using a weight assignment mechanism that gives neighbor nodes that are closer to the leader node more effect on the clock adjustment than those nodes that are further away from the correct leader node.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a demultiplexing unit which extracts program clock reference (PCR) information for synchronizing image information and voice information of a received image signal; a syntax analyzing unit which identifies a first and a second packet identification number of a packet having the PCR information so that the demultiplexing unit can extract the PCR information; and a controlling unit which, if the first packet identification number and the second packet identification number are different therebetween, controls the syntax analyzing unit to set one of the first packet identification number and the second packet identification number that corresponds to the packet having the PCR information, in the demultiplexing unit.

Abstract: A system and method for realizing network synchronization by packet network mainly includes: restoring the clock signal from the superior processing equipment data link of the packet network, and sending it to the subordinate processing equipment; realizing the synchronization of said processing equipment based on said clock signal. It can realize the uniform timing of the whole network and change the IP network without the timing into the synchronous network, which is similarly with the circuit network, with high bandwidth. It can not only provide a circuit simulation service, but also a multi-service with high bandwidth.

Abstract: Provided is a speckle reduction laser that emits laser light by resonating light generated from an active layer. The speckle reduction laser includes a mode changing unit having an electro-optical material layer disposed in a resonance path of the laser light, wherein a resonance mode of the laser light is changed when a voltage is applied to the electro-optical material layer.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for seeding and stabilizing an optical device, including a continuous wave laser, a pulsed laser or a parametric system, having an adjustable cavity length and an output. The illustrated embodiment is a Q-switched Nd:Yag or Brilliant A pulsed laser, but the principles of the invention could be literally applied to other types of lasers, including continuous wave lasers and to any parametric optical device whose operation depends in whole or part on the effective optical length of a cavity. The method comprises the steps of seeding the optical device with a seed signal, generating a feedback signal from the output of the optical device; and adjusting the effective optical length of the cavity of the optical device to maintain stable operation of the optical device by means of the feedback signal.

Abstract: A method for seeding and stabilizing an optical device, wherein the optical device includes one of a continuous wave laser, a pulsed laser, and a parametric system, the method including seeding the optical device with a seed signal, generating a feedback signal from an output of the optical device, and adjusting a wavelength of the seed signal to maintain a stable operation of the optical device based on the feedback signal. An apparatus, including an optical device having a cavity, a seed laser for generating a seed signal coupled to the optical device, a feedback generator coupled to the output of the optical device for generating a feedback signal, and means for adjusting a wavelength of the seed laser to maintain a stable operation of the optical device based on the feedback signal.

Abstract: The invention provides a cascaded injection resonator for coherent beam combining of laser arrays. The resonator comprises a plurality of laser emitters arranged along at least one plane and a beam sampler for reflecting at least a portion of each laser beam that impinges on the beam sampler, the portion of each laser beam from one of the laser emitters being reflected back to another one of the laser emitters to cause a beam to be generated from the other one of the laser emitters to the beam reflector. The beam sampler also transmits a portion of each laser beam to produce a laser output beam such that a plurality of laser output beams of the same frequency are produced. An injection laser beam is directed to a first laser emitter to begin a process of generating and reflecting a laser beam from one laser emitter to another laser emitter in the plurality. A method of practicing the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A calibration method for infrared temperature measuring instruments is disclosed. The calibration method of the present invention comprises the following five steps: (1) Calibrating the heat-flux resistor of an infrared temperature measuring instrument so as to obtain its calibrated resistance value (2) Using a digital multimeter to measure the parameters of the components and relevant circuits of the infrared temperature measuring instrument (3) Placing the infrared temperature measuring instrument in a blackbody radiation furnace so as to measure a single-point parameter of the blackbody radiation amplifier because the blackbody radiation furnace can provide a standard blackbody radiation source (4) Using the linear equation to obtain two additional parameters at two other temperatures so as to obtain a linear curve of the blackbody radiation amplifier (5) Storing the calibrated parameters in the memory of the infrared temperature measuring instrument.

Abstract: A double temperature sensor is provided for measuring a near-surface temperature of the ambient air and the temperature of the skin surface (9). A heat flux insulation block (4) is made of an insulation material in one piece as a housing. Two temperature sensor elements (2, 3) with respective electric connections (6) belonging to them are arranged in the heat flux insulation block (4) one on top of another at spaced locations from one another and near the surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a wireless control system and method thereof. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to wireless radio transceiver control devices for use in entertainment technology applications, and methods of controlling entertainment fixtures utilizing same. In one embodiment, a radio transceiver system comprises a control system, a first radio transceiver for transmitting control data formatted in at least an industry-standard control protocol from the control system to at least a second radio transceiver, a second radio transceiver for receiving control data from the first radio transceiver and communicating the same to at least a load, wherein the control data is transmitted from the first radio transceiver to the second radio transceiver utilizing an frequency hopping spread spectrum broadcast.

Abstract: A signature sequence is employed in a wireless transmission over a channel and is detected by a receiving station. The signature sequence is selected from a subset of sequences chosen from a set of sequences formed by delay-Doppler shifts of a base sequence. Use of the subset of sequences simplifies detection of the signature sequence by, e.g., facilitating use of a simpler detector structure. A subset of N2 sequences of the specially-constructed delay-Doppler shifted sequence set is selected to facilitate more efficient computation of the detection metric. A simplified detector employs algebraic techniques (such as Discrete Fourier 'Transform (DFT)) that exploit prudent sequence assignment strategy. As an advantageous variation, for a particular class of base sequences that can be represented by segments of equal-length sinusoids, even greater complexity reduction can be achieved by segmenting the delay-Doppler correlation accordingly and reusing past outcome in subsequent overlapping segments.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus of a cognitive radio (CR) environment using a relaying system while not interfering with a communication system having a priority right to use a frequency band, the communication method including: listening to fundamental channel (FCH) information and/or downlink/uplink (DL/UL) map information of a frame transmitted in the relaying system; obtaining a transmission signal of the relaying system using the FCH information and/or the DL/UL map information; orthogonally encoding data to be transmitted in the CR environment based on the obtained transmission signal; and transmitting the orthogonally encoded data via a determined channel that is used in the relaying system. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention can retrieve radio resources unused in the CR environment more easily.

Abstract: An interface device includes a parallel-to-serial converting unit, a driver, a receiver, and a serial-to-parallel converting unit. The parallel-to-serial converting unit converts parallel signals into a single-ended signal. The driver converts the single-ended signal from the parallel-to-serial converting unit into a differential signal and transmits the differential signal to an external device via signal lines. The receiver converts a differential signal received via the signal lines from an external device into a single-ended signal. The serial-to-parallel converting unit converts the single-ended signal from the receiver into parallel signals. A direction in which the differential signal is to be transmitted is determined based on a control signal.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a first modem part arranged at a first location and a second modem part arranged at a second location that is remote from the first location. The first modem part and the second modem part in combination perform functionalities of a modem.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a digital automatic gain control (AGC) for a radio-frequency (RF) receiver. The receiver comprises a logarithmic analog-to-digital converter for sampling the analog RF signals, a FIR filter for filtering the digitized signals, a resampler for resampling the digitized signals, and an automatic gain control circuit. The AGC circuit controls the resampling process to provide automatic gain control function in the digital domain. The resampler circuit has as its input a digital signal having a first plurality of bits. The output signal from the resampler has a second plurality of bits, where the second plurality of bits are less than the first plurality of bits. The automatic gain control circuit controls the resampling of the first plurality of bits to form the second plurality of bits in accordance with an automatic gain control signal.

Abstract: A fault tolerant driver circuit includes a data output driver that receives an enable input and that includes a transistor formed on an isolation well. A well bias circuit provides a first well bias to the isolation well. The well bias circuit includes voltage-controlled impedances that are controlled by a voltage of the data output line, the enable input and a supply voltage. The voltage-controlled impedances connect the first well bias alternatively to: a common conductor through a first impedance when the supply voltage is ON and the enable input is ON; and a second impedance when the supply voltage is on and enable is OFF.

Abstract: A signature sequence employed in a wireless transmission over a channel is detected and utilized. The signature sequence is selected from a set of sequences formed by delay-Doppler shifts of a base sequence. Preferably but not exclusively, the set of sequences is formed by circular delay-Doppler shifts of the base sequence. The base sequence can be, for example, an m-sequence. A received signal is obtained from a received wireless transmission. A candidate sequence selector (90) selects a candidate sequence from among a set of sequences for evaluation as the signature sequence, the set of sequences having been formed by sequence set generator (88) as delay-Doppler shifts of a base sequence. An image former (82) uses the base sequence and the received signal to form a delay-Doppler image with respect to an image area pertinent to the candidate sequence.

Abstract: A XDSL line card including an allocator for allocating power to the multi-tone modulated communications on each of the subscriber lines, and for selecting control parameters sufficient to effect communications on each of the subscriber lines at a power level proximate to an allocated power level therefore. The line card also includes configurable components coupled to one another to form a transmit path and a receive path to couple to the digital subscriber lines. The configurable components are responsive to the control parameters selected by the allocator to initialize multi-tone communications over each of the plurality of subscriber lines at a power level proximate the allocated power level.

Abstract: A high speed serial testing circuit includes an input port that receives a serial signal; a means for altering the temporal characteristics of the serial signal; a means for altering the amplitude of the serial signal; a high speed analog-to-digital converter configured to receive the serial signal and output digital data representing the serial signal; and a memory module configured to receive and store the digital data. A method of testing high speed serial devices includes connecting an upstream host, a device under test, and a control device to a USB tester; altering the signals provided by the upstream host to test robustness of the device under test; sampling the signals using a analog-to-digital converter and storing the digital data in a memory.

Abstract: A configurable functional multi-processing architecture for video processing. The architecture may be utilized as integrated circuit devices for video compression based on multi-processing at a functional level. The architecture may also provide a function based multi-processing system for video compression and decompression and systems and methods for development of integrated circuit devices for video compression based on multi-processing at a functional level. A function based multi-processing system for video compression and decompression includes one or more functional elements, a high performance video pipeline, a video memory management unit, one or more busses for communication, and a system bus for communication between higher level system resources, functional elements, video pipeline, and video memory management unit.

Abstract: A method of geometric transformation in video reproduction and an apparatus for video reproduction includes entropy decoding, re-ordering, inverse quantization, inverse transform, inter/intra-reconstruction, compensating the reconstructed frames with the matrix series obtained after the step of inverse transform, and geometrically transforming the matrix series after the re-ordering step but before the compensating step. The step of inter/intra-reconstruction is configured so that a prediction direction and source pixel accessing address are adapted to the geometric transformation performed in the geometric transforming step.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus, and logic encoded in one or more computer-readable tangible medium to carry out a method of determining a breakpoint position in an ordered sequence of quantized transform coefficients of a block of image data for a hybrid variable length coding the ordered sequence. The breakpoint location in the sequence is between a low-frequency region and a high-frequency region. The hybrid variable length coding method includes coding the low-frequency region using a selected low-frequency variable length coding method; coding the high-frequency region using a selected high-frequency variable length coding method; and coding the position in the sequence of the breakpoint. The breakpoint location is determining uses a relatively simple and fast method based on pre-defined cost criteria. A method is included that instead of coding the breakpoint separately, codes the breakpoint jointly with coefficient events.

Abstract: A dynamic AC prediction technique is implemented in a data partition mode which automatically disables AC prediction for encoding the current macroblock in the next packet when packet overflow occurs. Otherwise, when there is no overflow, AC prediction remains enabled to maintain compression efficiency. More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, a determination is first made whether a macroblock causes a packet overflow if it is encoded in the current packet. If so, a new packet is initiated into which the macroblock is encoded without AC prediction as the first macroblock. Otherwise, the macroblock with AC prediction remains in the current packet and a new macroblock is encoded.

Abstract: Encoding and decoding are uniformly carried out for a plurality of chroma formats. Based on a control signal for providing a chroma format type of an input moving image signal, in the case of a chroma format of 4:2:0 or 4:2:2, a first intra prediction mode deciding unit and a first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a luminance component of the input moving image signal, and a second intra prediction mode deciding unit and a second intra prediction image generation unit are applied to a chrominance component. In the case of a chroma format of 4:4:4, the first intra prediction mode deciding unit and the first intra prediction image generation unit are applied to all color components to carry out encoding, and a variable length encoding unit multiplexes the control signal as encoding data to be applied to a moving image sequence unit on a bit stream.

Abstract: The video encoder in accordance with the present invention divides input image signal into macro blocks, estimates motion vectors of each macro block and finally encodes the input image signal. The encoder determines the number of macro blocks adjacent to a current macro block. If the number of adjacent macro blocks is equal to or more than two, the encoder calculates a motion vector of the adjacent macro blocks and selects a macro block that has the largest motion vector. Then it defines a least search area that the current adaptive motion vector can have, and compares the least search area with the motion vector of the largest adjacent macro block, and finally determines the largest value as the search area of the adaptive motion vector. Next, the encoder compares the search area of the adaptive motion vector with the search area of the user-defined motion adaptive vector to thereby determine the least value as the search area of the final adaptive motion vector.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of estimating a motion vector for a video image block are provided. The apparatus includes an error calculation unit calculating a motion estimation error for a predetermined prediction motion vector of the image block, an information extraction unit extracting geometric information regarding the image block, an update motion vector generation unit generating an update motion vector based on the motion estimation error calculated by the error calculation unit and the geometric information extracted by the information extraction unit, and an addition unit adding the prediction motion vector to the generated update motion vector.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding multi-view images. The multi-view image encoding method includes predicting a motion vector of a current block, based on information indicating a disparity between a current picture to which the current block belongs and a different picture having a view-point which is different from a view-point of the current picture, and encoding the current block in a skip mode based on the predicted motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: A scrolling encoder encodes scrolling elements that are to be scrolled around all or a subset of the frames of a video stream or file with their movement in time and space controlled by a path to produce a video stream or file, without searching previous or subsequent frames of the video stream or file for reference blocks. The scrolling element can be an image, video, text or any combination thereof. The scrolling element is encoded using information about the contents of the scrolling element and information about a path the scrolling element is to take across a screen. The information about the contents of the scrolling element is obtained when the scrolling element is first introduced into a frame. The information about the path of the scrolling element is provided by an external component or is otherwise deduced. Optionally, the path information includes information about how the scrolling element is to change appearance. This information may be used to automatically generate error terms.

Abstract: A video encoding system is provided including analyzing a picture; providing transforms; selecting a transform from the transforms by comparing a luminance characteristic of the picture with a human visual system texture criterion of the picture; and applying the transform for encoding and displaying the picture.

Abstract: Device, system and method for encoding employing redundancy and switching are provided. For example, an encoder to convert analog data received from one or more video cameras into digital data for recording and possibly for live-monitoring is provided. The encoder may include an analog-to-digital converter and a redundancy unit capable of switching the analog data to a second encoder upon detecting a failure. The encoder may further include an internal matrix switcher to output the analog video data to a plurality of monitors for live monitoring.

Abstract: A system for creating composite encoded video from two or more encoded video sources in the encoded domain. In response to user input, a markup language-based graphical layout is retrieved. The graphical layout includes frame locations within a composite frame for at least a first encoded source and a second encoded source. The system either retrieves or receives the first and second encoded sources. The sources include block-based transform encoded data. The system also includes a stitcher module for stitching together the first encoded source and the second encoded source according to the frame locations of the graphical layout to form an encoded frame. The system outputs an encoded video stream that is transmitted to a client device associated with the user. In response to further user input, the system updates the state of an object model and replaces all or a portion of one or more frames of the encoded video stream. The system may be used with MPEG encoded video.

Abstract: A signal processing system adapted for sparse representation of signals is provided, comprising: (i) one or more training signals; (ii) a dictionary containing signal-atoms; (iii) a representation of each training signal using a linear combination of said dictionary's signal-atoms; (iv) means for updating the representation of the training signal; (v) means for updating the dictionary one group of atoms at a time, wherein each atom update may include all representations referring to said updated atom; and (vi) means for iterating (iv) and (v) until a stopping rule is fulfilled. The system uses the K-SVD algorithm for designing dictionaries for sparse representation of signals.

Abstract: There are provided an encoding device, a decoding device, an encoding method, and a decoding method that enhance optimality in a case of encoding moving image signals having no sample ratio distinction between color components such as a 4:4:4 format. In a case of conducting compression encoding by inputting digital moving image signals of the 4:4:4 format, there are prepared a first encoding process of encoding three color component signals of the input moving image signals in a common encoding mode, and a second encoding process of encoding the three color component signals of the input moving image signals in respective independent encoding modes. The encoding process is executed by selecting any one of the first encoding process and the second encoding process, and the compression data contains an identification signal for specifying which process is selected.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus, and logic encoded in one or more computer-readable tangible medium to carry out a method. The method is to code an ordered sequence of quantized transform coefficients of a block of image data using a hybrid coding method that includes determining a breakpoint location in the sequence between a low frequency region and a high frequency region; coding the low-frequency region using a selected low-frequency variable length coding method; coding the high-frequency region using a selected high-frequency variable length coding method; and coding the location of the breakpoint. The breakpoint location is determined as a function of the sequence such that different sequences can have different breakpoints.

Abstract: The digital video referencing frame image is compressed block by block by applying lossless compression algorithm to pixel components with full length, or 1 bit, 2 bits, 3 bits or 4 bits LSB bits truncation. If a sub-block has high complexity which results in more than 3 bits error for most pixel components, a transfer algorithm with quantization and VLC coding is applied to compress this sub-block. Should the complexity is higher than a threshold or at least one sub-block having error of more than 3 bits for most pixel components, truncating 1 LSB bit of sub-block with simple pattern to save more bits to be allocate to code the sub-block with highest complex pattern.

Abstract: There are provided an encoding device, a decoding device, an encoding method, and a decoding method that enhance optimality in a case of encoding moving image signals having no sample ratio distinction between color components such as a 4:4:4 format. In a case of conducting compression encoding by inputting digital moving image signals of the 4:4:4 format, there are prepared a first encoding process of encoding three color component signals of the input moving image signals in a common encoding mode, and a second encoding process of encoding the three color component signals of the input moving image signals in respective independent encoding modes. The encoding process is executed by selecting any one of the first encoding process and the second encoding process, and the compression data contains an identification signal for specifying which process is selected.

Abstract: Provided are a video decoding method and apparatus having an image scale-down function that is adaptive to motion. The video decoding method includes decoding a compressed image using a decoding algorithm, performing anti-aliasing filtering on an intra block and an inter block of the decoded image, down-sampling the anti-aliasing filtered image at a first rate and storing the down-sampled image, and up-sampling the stored down-sampled image at a second rate in order to compensate for the motion of the decoded image.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for filtering video data. The method includes determining whether a difference value of illumination change (DVIC) of a current image processing unit containing a current block is different from a DVIC of an image processing unit that is adjacent to the current image processing unit and based on the determining, adjusting a filtering strength of a deblocking filter and performing deblocking filtering on a boundary of the current block using the filter with the adjusted filtering strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides controllers, systems and methods that apply techniques for determining signal sequence characteristics that propagate through a sequence of buffers. One of the buffers represents buffering characteristics of a network through which the signal sequence propagates. The signal sequence may include packets of a media stream and the network may include a wireless network.

Abstract: Pulse modulation is used in many forms and generally consists of a pulse of radio energy, that can be as simple as On-Off Keying (OOK) to more complex systems like Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and even more advanced systems. In this application a system and method of adding complexity to the transmission system known as pulse modulation by placing one or more notches in the radio pulse spectrum at the transmitter to indicate a combination of bits or symbols is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for generating a ranging pseudo noise (PN) code used in a base station of a portable internet system of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access scheme, wherein a ranging pseudo noise mask value is generated using a cell ID number, and then the generated ranging pseudo noise mask value is stored in a memory. A final ranging PN code is generated using the stored ranging PN mask value and a status of a pseudo random binary sequence for generating a ranging PN code. With such a structure, the maximal 256-numbered ranging PN code values can be obtained simultaneously with each 144 bit-length.

Abstract: A base station apparatus, communication terminal apparatus, communication system, and communication method are provided that enable the data part transmission amount to be increased, that are resistant to frequency selective fading, and that enable a BS with low transmission loss to be selected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for multiplexing and transmitting/receiving an ACK/NACK resulting from use of a HARQ scheme in an OFDMA system. Frequency and code multiplexing methods are combined with regard to the ACK/NACK to reduce signaling overhead. Frequency multiplexing is conducted by using the MCS level adopted by scheduling channels to improve the ACK/NACK transmitting performance, and code multiplexing is conducted to allocate ACK/NACK resources by using the index of the scheduling channels.

Abstract: An OFDM communication system is provided that can implement more accurate signal transmission. The guard interval in the symbol section is formed by copying a predetermined number of symbols at the end portion of the symbol section and adding them to the forefront portion of the symbol portion. In the subsidiary station, the clipping start position stored in its memory is referred. Then, a predetermined number of symbols are clipped from the clipping start position. The clipped signal includes the guard interval of the symbols. However, since the guard interval is the signal obtained by copying the rear portion of the symbol, the clipping signal is the signal in which the phase of the symbol is merely deviated. An accurate symbol is obtained by performing phase correction. Thus, the influence due to multipath is suppressed while the signal transmitted from the base station can be accurately decoded.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing PAPR in a wireless communication system are provided, in which an encoder encodes a transmission signal in a predetermined coding scheme, a modulator modulates the coded transmission signal by mapping each symbol of the coded transmission signal to one HEX constellation point selected from at least one HEX constellation point available for mapping to the each transmission symbol, an IFFT processor converts the modulated transmission signal to a time signal by IFFT, and an RF processor converts the time signal to an RF signal and transmits the RF signal to a receiver through an antenna.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit includes a frequency generation circuit, and a linearised transmitter operably coupled to the frequency generation circuit and having a forward path for routing a signal to be transmitted; and a feedback path, operably coupled to a power amplifier and the forward path for feeding back a portion of the signal to be transmitted. The feedback path and forward path form two loops in quadrature. The frequency generation circuit includes independent phase shift elements arranged to independently phase shift the two loops in quadrature (‘I’ and ‘Q’).

Abstract: A wireless communication system (10). The system comprises transmitter circuitry (BST1) comprising circuitry for transmitting a plurality of frames to a receiver in a first cell (Cell 1). Each of the plurality of frames comprises a bit group (22), and the bit group uniquely distinguishes the first cell from a second cell (Cell 2) adjacent the first cell. The transmitter circuitry further comprises circuitry (54) for inserting a bit sequence into the bit group. The bit sequence is selected from a plurality of bit sequences (S1-SK) such that successive transmissions by the transmitter circuitry comprise a cycle of successive ones of the plurality of bit sequences.