Abstract: The present invention relate to systems and methods for conducting secured telephony and transaction authentication via electronic devices. More specifically, the embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for conducting secure networked telephony, including but not limited to communications over the internet, other computer networks, wired or wireless networks, or audio, video or multi-media.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use in switching communications associated with a user account from a first (“source”) mobile communication device to a second (“target”) mobile communication device are disclosed. The source and target devices may be possessed and/or owned by the same end user. The source device is initially enabled to maintain data synchronization with a host server over a wireless communication network via a first wireless transceiver (e.g. a cellular transceiver) for user data of an application program (e.g. an e-mail application program) associated with the user account. To enable the target device for the communications associated with the user account, the source device is operative to establish a programming session with the target device via a second wireless transceiver (e.g. a short-range wireless transceiver). During the programming session, the source device causes user account data (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to encryption and decryption apparatuses in a wireless portable Internet system, and a method thereof. In the wireless portable Internet system, a subscriber station and a base station share an encryption during key distribution, and a message is encrypted with the encryption key and transmitted. In this case, a first initial vector is generated for encryption based on information shared by the subscriber station and the base station in a wireless channel, and the message is encrypted with the first initial vector and the encryption key and is then transmitted. In addition, a second initial vector for decryption is generated based on information shared by the subscriber station and the base station in the wireless channel, and the encrypted message is decrypted with the second initial vector and the encryption key. Herein, the first initial vector corresponds to the second initial vector.

Abstract: A method for distributing updates for a key is described. One or more update requests are received per unit of time. The number of received update requests per unit of time is multiplied by a maximum update period to estimate the number of active nodes in a group. The total number of received update requests per unit of time is determined. An amount representing additional update requests per unit of time is obtained from the difference between the total number of received updates and a determined maximum. A minimum update period for a group of nodes is determined.

Abstract: Key requests in a data processing system may include identifiers such as user names, policy names, and application names. The identifiers may also include validity period information indicating when corresponding keys are valid. When fulfilling a key request, a key server may use identifier information from the key request in determining which key access policies to apply and may use the identifier in determining whether an applicable policy has been satisfied. When a key request is authorized, the key server may generate a key by applying a one-way function to a root secret and the identifier. Validity period information for use by a decryption engine may be embedded in data items that include redundant information. Application testing can be facilitated by populating a test database with data that has been encrypted using a format-preserving encryption algorithm. Parts of a data string may be selectively encrypted based on their sensitivity.

Abstract: A system is provided in which a first circuit is protected by security features provided by a second circuit. The first circuit comprises a processor which retrieves content from a memory. Initially, the contents of the memory are authenticated using security features of the second circuit to check that the processor is accessing authenticated content. To maintain security during use, the second circuit checks that the processor is accessing content from valid regions of the memory, being those that have been authenticated, and re-checks the authenticity of the content of the valid regions of memory. The combination of checking that the processor is accessing from valid regions of the memory and authenticating the content stored in the valid regions maximizes the security of the system. If any of the checking or authentication steps fail then operation of the system is impaired. The first circuit is thus protected by security features provided by the second circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to provide a cryptographic protocol for secure authentication, privacy, and anonymity. The protocol, in one embodiment, is designed to be implemented in a small number of logic gates, executed quickly on simple devices, and provide military grade security.

Abstract: A data providing system is provided which includes: a storage section which stores an encoded file obtained by encoding a data file to be distributed with a predetermined common key and an encoded information file obtained by encoding an information data file including information on the common key with a private key different from the common key; and a file transfer section which transfers the encoded file and the encoded information file from the storage section to external electronic device.

Abstract: The invention relates to method and system for using PKCS and especially PKCS#10 registration standard on a mobile environment and in particularly in a WPKI (Wireless PKI) environment comprising a registration server and a client provided with a key pair is provided only with a part of the certificate request info defined on the PKCS registration standard. A PKCS registration structure is formed by the client of said part of the certificate request info and the public key to be registered, after which a verifying code is determined using at least part of said formed PKCS registration structure. Finally said verifying code and the public key are delivered to the registration server advantageously without delivering said part of the certificate request info received at first by the client.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an iterative cryptographic block under the control of a CPU and without a fixed number of stages. In one embodiment, a first cryptographic block descrambles received information using an internal key or a preprogrammed key to form a descrambled key or descrambled data. A data feedback path stores the descrambled data as internal data and provides the internal data or the external data as data input to the first cryptographic block. A key feedback path stores the descrambled key as an internal key and provides the internal key or the preprogrammed key to a key input of the first cryptographic block. A second cryptographic block descrambles received content using a final descrambling key. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method and device for managing a wireless resource are useful for securely transmitting data in a wireless communication network. The method includes receiving at a target wireless communication device an encrypted identification of a relaying wireless communication device, an encrypted payload decryption key, and an encrypted payload. The encrypted identification is then decrypted using an identification decryption key stored in a memory of the target wireless communication device, and the decrypted identification is used to authenticate the relaying wireless communication device. The encrypted payload decryption key is decrypted using a key decryption key stored in a memory of the target wireless communication device and a decryption algorithm stored in a memory of the target wireless communication device, which provides a decrypted payload decryption key. The encrypted payload is then decrypted using the decrypted payload decryption key.

Abstract: Described is a method for renting or selling digital content, and a corresponding system for carrying out the method. The method includes the steps of providing a digital content storage device having stored therein digital content to be rented; embedding within the digital content storage device a firmware lock that disables access to the digital content in the absence of a corresponding digital key; providing a digital content player dimensioned and configured to access and play the digital content stored in the digital content storage device, and configuring the digital content player such that it is incapable of accessing or playing the digital content in the absence of the corresponding digital key.

Abstract: An object of this ciphertext decryption rights delegation system is to enable conversion of PKE-system ciphertext into IBE-system encrypted ciphertext, and, in a delegation system with users using only an IBE system, of preventing restoration of the master-secret key generated by a PKG device (public key generation device) even when there is collusion attack between the ciphertext converter and a decryption rights delegatee. A ciphertext decryption rights delegation system realizes delegation of ciphertext decryption rights between a device used by a decryption rights delegator and a device used by a decryption rights delegatee. From the master-secret key stored in the PKG device which generates secret keys, a secret key of the IBE system and auxiliary information are generated, and a re-encryption key is generated based on this auxiliary information.

Abstract: A method for determining an encryption algorithm includes: determining whether an encryption algorithm of a target communication system is received when a handover is initiated by a user terminal; acquiring an encryption algorithm corresponding to the target communication system according to predefined relationships between target communication systems and encryption algorithms when the encryption algorithm of the target communication system is not received; sending the acquired encryption algorithm to the user terminal. By applying the method of the present invention, the success rate of the handovers between systems increases.

Abstract: This disclosure describes audio mixing techniques that allow a user to select between two different audio signals for output in a perceptual foreground of a combined output. As an example, the two different signals may comprise a music audio and a phone call audio. In this case, the music audio and phone call audio may be initially combined such that the phone call is delivered in the perceptual foreground and the music audio is delivered in a perceptual background. However, a user is able to switch the music to the foreground and the phone call to the background by actuating a user input device. In this way, after receiving a telephone call, if a user wants to move the phone call into a perceptual background in favor of music in the foreground, the user is able to achieve this result, e.g., at the press of a button.

Abstract: There is provided a playback method for decode-processing and playing back coded audio data which is transmitted with necessary stereo process information required for a stereo process intermittently multiplexed into coded information of a monaural audio signal. The playback method includes a first step of outputting stereo audio signals using the monaural audio signal if the necessary stereo process information is not supplied; a second step of starting updating stereo variables within filters, and outputting the stereo audio signals using the monaural audio signal until all the state variables are updated, if the necessary stereo process information is supplied; and a third step of performing the stereo process based on stereo process information acquired by the necessary stereo process information, on the monaural audio signal to generate and output stereo audio signals, if all the state variables within the filters are updated.

Abstract: A recorder (10) for recording a scene (12) includes an apparatus frame (218), an optical assembly (220), an image system (222), a position assembly (243), an audio system (224), and a compensation system (248). The image system (222) captures an image (252) of the scene (12). The position assembly (243) can be an autofocusing assembly (244) that focuses the optical assembly (220) on a subject (16) of the scene (12). The position assembly (243) generates position information relating to the position of the subject (16) relative to the recorder (10). The audio system (224) captures a captured sound from the scene (12). The compensation system (248) evaluates the position information and the captured sound from the scene (12) and provides an adjusted sound track in view of the position information.

Abstract: Acoustic echo control and noise suppression is an important part of any “handsfree” telecommunication system, such as telephony or audio or video conferencing systems. Bandwidth and computational complexity constraints have prevented that stereo or multi-channel telecommunication systems have been widely applied. The advantages are very low complexity, high robustness, scalability to multi-channel audio without a need for loudspeaker signal distortion, and efficient integration of echo and noise control in the same algorithm. The proposed method of processing multi-channels audio loudspeakers signals and at least one microphone signal, comprises the steps of: transforming the input microphone signals (y1(n), y2(n), . . . , yM(n)) into input microphone short-time spectra, computing a combined loudspeaker signal short-time spectrum [X(i,k)] from the loudspeaker signals, (x1(n), x2(n), . . .

Abstract: A sound device includes an input terminal for electronic signal input; a line out terminal adapted to output electronic signals input on the input terminal to an external area; a delay arrangement adapted to delay electronic signals input on the input terminal for a certain time; a main output arrangement adapted to output electronic signals delayed by the delay arrangement. The delay arrangement delays signals in order to accommodate a time difference between (1) electronic signals output from an external sound device connected with the line output terminal and (2) electronic signals output from the main output arrangement. The time difference between sound that is output from the sound device and the one that is output from an external sound device that is connected with line connection terminal can be eliminated. Thus, it can prevent sound quality decrease due to time difference from happening.

Abstract: In order to suppress as much noise as possible in a hands-free device in a motor vehicle, for example, two microphones (M1, M2) are spaced a certain distance apart, the output signals (MS1, MS2) of which are added in an adder (AD) and subtracted in a subtracter (SU). The sum signal (S) of the adder (AD) undergoes a Fourier transform in a first Fourier transformer (F1), and the difference signal (D) of the subtracter (SU) undergoes a Fourier transform in a second Fourier transformer (F2). From the two Fourier transforms R(f) and D(f), a speech pause detector (P) detects speech pauses, during which a third arithmetic unit (R) calculates the transfer function HT of an adaptive transformation filter (TF). The transfer function of a spectral subtraction filter (SF), at the input of which the Fourier transform R(f) of the sum signal (S) is applied, is generated from the spectral power density Srr of the sum signal (S) and from the interference power density Snn generated by the adaptive transformation filter (TF).

Abstract: The present invention includes a sound transmitting device configured to fit in an ear canal wherein the device includes a housing and a removable plate attached thereto. In at least one embodiment, the removable plate includes a notch therein that is configured to receive a fingernail, for example, and facilitate the removal of the housing from the ear canal. In various embodiments, the housing includes a cavity which is configured to receive a transducer and the removable plate is configured to substantially close the cavity and retain the transducer therein. In at least one embodiment, the device includes a connector extending from the plate which is configured to receive a mating connector and place the mating connector and the transducer in electrical communication.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment according to the present invention includes a headphone with improved frequency response. More specifically, the headphone includes a driver having an elongated port (e.g., a cylinder, tube, cube, or any shaped protrusion having a passage through it) that changes the acoustic frequency response of the driver. Thus, by adjusting characteristics such size, shape and location of the port, a designer can achieve a more desirable frequency response for the headphone.

Abstract: In summary, this application describes a psycho-acoustically motivated, parametric description of the spatial attributes of multichannel audio signals. This parametric description allows strong bitrate reductions in audio coders, since only one monaural signal has to be transmitted, combined with (quantized) parameters which describe the spatial properties of the signal. The decoder can form the original amount of audio channels by applying the spatial parameters. For near-CD-quality stereo audio, a bitrate associated with these spatial parameters of 10 kbit/s or less seems sufficient to reproduce the correct spatial impression at the receiving end.

Abstract: A classroom sound amplification system adapted for providing information aiding at diagnosing possible erroneous or inappropriate conditions or configurations of the system is disclosed. The system comprises a microphone device converting a voice to a sound signal and connecting to a sound processing device processing the sound signal and generating a processed sound signal, and a speaker device connecting to the sound processing device and converting the processed sound signal to a processed voice. The sound processing device may further comprise a feedback cancellation unit identifying acoustical feedback in the sound signal and removing the acoustical feedback in the sound signal. Communication with the parts of the system carried by a moving person may be wireless.

Abstract: When an elevator passenger M1 gets on a cage 6, an audio broadcasting controller 2 in an elevator controlling device removes and outputs audio data of automatic audio guidance information from an audio data storage 3. The audio data is transmitted to a magnetic induction amplifier 10 as well as to an audio output 7. A loop antenna 11 then originates a radio wave which is received by a hearing aid 15 mounted on the elevator passenger M1.

Abstract: A sound transmitting device configured to fit within an ear canal, such as a hearing aid or a monitor, for example, having first and second portions which are relatively movable with respect to each other. As a result of these relatively moving portions, the device can better accommodate changes in the shape and/or orientation of the ear canal. More particularly, after the device has been fitted into the ear canal, the first and second portions can move relative to each other and comply with a new shape and/or orientation of the ear canal. As a result, it is less likely that the device will impede the change in the ear canal thereby reducing potential discomfort to the user. To facilitate this relative movement, the first and second portions can include at least partially spherical surfaces which are configured to permit relative movement therebetween.

Abstract: A broadside small array microphone beamforming unit comprises a first omni-directional microphone to generate a signal X1(t), a second omni-directional microphone to generate a signal X2(t), a first delay unit delaying the signal X1(t) to generate a signal X1(t?T), a second delay unit delaying the signal X2(t) to generate a signal X2(t?T), a first substrator subtracting the signal X1(t?T) from the signal X2(t) to generate a signal R(t)=X2(t)?X1(t?T), a second substrator subtracting the signal X2(t?T) from the signal X1(t) to generate a signal L(t)=X1(t)?X2(t?T), a third delay unit delaying the signal R(t) to generate a signal R?(t)=R(t?D), a gain function unit convoluting the signal L(t) with a gain function G(t) to generate a signal L?(t)=L(t)*G(t?i), and a substrator subtracting the signal L?(t) from the signal R?(t) to generate a signal B?(t)=R?(t)?L?(t).

Abstract: The invention provides a beam forming method for a small array microphone apparatus to generate cone beam pattern by processing a combined bi-directional beam pattern of two virtual bi-directional microphones formed through at least three omni-directional microphones arranged in an L-shape. The invention also provides a small array microphone apparatus using the beam forming method according to the invention to suppress noise by processing a combined bi-directional beam pattern of two virtual bi-directional microphones formed through at least three omni-directional microphones arranged in an L-shape, thereby outputting a clear audio signal with cone beam pattern.

Abstract: An energy based technique to estimate the positions of people speaking from an ad hoc network of microphones. The present technique does not require accurate synchronization of the microphones. In addition, a technique to normalize the gains of the microphones based on people's speech is presented, which allows aggregation of various audio channels from the ad hoc microphone network into a single stream for audio conferencing. The technique is invariant of the speaker's volumes thus making the system easy to deploy in practice.

Abstract: The directionality of microphones is often not high enough, resulting in compromised music recording. Beamforming for getting a signal with a higher directional response is limited due to spatial aliasing, dependence of beamwidth on frequency, and a requirement of a high number of microphones. Adaptive beamforming is suitable for applications where the only aim is to optimize signal to noise ratio, but not suitable for applications where a time-invariant beamshape is required. The invention addresses these limitations, using adaptive signal processing applied to a plurality of microphone signals or other signals with an associated directionality. A method is therefore proposed to generate an output audio signal y from two or more input audio signals (x1, x2, . . .

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus includes first and second extracting units extracting frequency components having a first frequency band and a second frequency band, respectively, from an input audio signal, a first-harmonic-component generating unit generating a first-harmonic-component signal including a frequency component whose frequency is N1 times that of the frequency component extracted in the first extracting unit, a second-harmonic-component generating unit generating a second-harmonic-component signal including a frequency component whose frequency is N2 times that of the frequency component extracted in the second extracting unit, and a combining unit combining the input audio signal, and the first- and the second-harmonic-component signals in a predetermined ratio. The first frequency band is higher than the second frequency band. N1 and N2 are positive integers, and N1 is smaller than N2.

Abstract: An amplifier start-up apparatus for reducing transient signals in an audio circuit including a reference voltage generator circuit for generating a reference voltage. The reference voltage generator circuit includes a capacitor for maintaining the reference voltage at a desired level. The amplifier start-up apparatus includes a charging control circuit for controlling the operation of the reference voltage generator circuit during power-up. The charging control circuit includes a switching device for controlling the charging of the capacitor, wherein the switching device is controlled by a pulsed signal. The pulsed signal is a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal in which the pulse width is proportional to the voltage level of the reference voltage being generated. The amplifier start-up apparatus can further be adapted to include a discharging control circuit for controlling the discharge of the capacitor during a power-down operation.

Abstract: A method for transforming an audio signal and a system employing that method is disclosed. The method proceeds by extracting from the signal components that fall within a stop band, for example, using one or more low-pass filters. Then, a set of one or more harmonics of the extracted components is generated by down-sampling to create an intermediate signal, which is then repeated. Each harmonic is then weighted by controlling its gain by application to it of a respective weighting factor, the factors being determined by the psychoacoustic properties of a system that will reproduce the signal. Then, the weighted harmonics are added to the audio signal (which may have been subject to a delay to ensure synchronisation) to create an output signal.

Abstract: A sound device is provided with an input terminal for electronic signal input; a low pass filter adapted to filter electronic signals input to the input terminal and to output low frequency range electronic signals, a switch arrangement adapted to switch between full range mode and sub woofer mode, a power amplifier adapted to amplify (1) electronic signals input from the input terminal when the switch arrangement selects full range mode, and (2) electronic signals output from the low pass filter when the switch arrangement selects sub woofer mode, and a speaker adapted to be operated by electronic signals amplified by the power amplifier.

Abstract: An audio reproducing device (100) includes: (i) signal level detection means (102) for detecting a signal level of an audio signal; (ii) sound pressure adjusting means (104) for changing the sound pressure level indicating the amplification ratio of the audio signal; (iii) frequency characteristic correction means (106) for correcting the frequency characteristic of the audio signal according to a correction amount; and (iv) control means (103) for deciding the correction amount according to the signal level and the sound pressure level and successively controlling the frequency characteristic correction means to perform correction according to the decided correction amount.

Abstract: A vocal monitor comprises a “J”-shaped base portion. The base portion comprises a bottom surface having a mouth region and an ear region. First and second sides extend in a first direction from the bottom surface. First and second ends extend in the first direction from the bottom surface and connect to the first and second sides. The bottom surface, the first and second sides and the first and second ends define a sound reflecting chamber. A cavity is defined in the bottom surface adjacent to the mouth region. The cavity includes an opening for removably receiving one of a plug and a mouthpiece portion of a microphone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sound outputting apparatus, including: an electro-acoustic conversion section disposed in a housing and configured to acoustically reproduce a first sound signal; a sound collection section configured to collect sound outside said housing and output a second sound signal; a surrounding noise evaluation section configured to evaluate surrounding noise outside said housing based on the second electric signal; and a control section configured to perform predetermined control based on a result of the evaluation of said surrounding noise evaluation section.

Abstract: An intelligent solo-mute switching system for an audio signal processing device having a plurality of channels. A plurality of multi-throw momentary switches are monitored by a switch interface to detect at least three switch events. A channel state controller responds to the at least three switch events detected by the switch interface in directing a channel gain matrix to govern the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A micromachined microphone or speaker embedded within, or positioned on top of, a substrate suitable for carrying microelectronic chips and components. The acoustic element converts sound energy into electrical energy which is then amplified by electronic components positioned on the surface of the substrate. Alternatively, the acoustic element may be driven by electronics to produce sound. The substrate can be used in standard microelectronic packaging applications.

Abstract: Surround sound recording is a tedious task requiring the use of many microphones. The invention aims at enabling the use of two-channel microphones (or stereo microphones) for multi-channel surround recording. A conventional stereo microphone, or a two-channel microphone specifically optimized for use with the proposed algorithm, is used to generate two signals. A post-processor is applied to the microphone generated signals to convert them to multi-channel surround. This aim is achieved through a method to generate multiple output audio channels (y1, . . . , yM) from two microphone generated audio channels (x1, x2), in which the number of output channels is equal or higher than two, this method comprising the steps of: determine directions of sound components related to the microphone characteristics determine compensation gains of sound components related to the microphone characteristics generating the output audio channels, y1, . . .

Abstract: A pointing element enhanced speaker system addresses the need for consistent sound. Despite wide variations in the design and architecture of different venues, the system helps performers ensure that they deliver the desired sound for their audiences. Performers and their technicians, though faced with grueling schedules that impose severe time constraints on equipment setup and tuning as the performers move between venues, may turn to the system to provide the sound desired at each new venue.

Abstract: A tracking system may determine the orientation or position of a movable object. The tracking system includes a signal generator that generates a non-audible detection signal in an audible frequency range. A transmitting device transmits the detection signal to a detection device. The transmitting device or the detection device may be positioned on the movable object, and the other may be positioned at a remote location. A processor may determine an orientation or position of the moveable object based on the transmission time between the transmitting device and the detection device.

Abstract: A hearing instrument uses a single momentary switch or joystick to toggle programmable functions or value for each function. The length of the user actuation, short or long, can determine the action for internal circuit programming. The function change can be used in a circular or cyclical way, and the value range of each function can be programmed by specialized computer software. The present invention can replace plurality of controls used historically with one single component, which is very critical in building small hearing aids. The smaller faceplate area allows for better miniaturization and easier access for hearing aid users.

Abstract: A hearing aid (21) is devised, comprising a first output converter (26), a second output converter (27), a first acoustic output transducer (34) and at least a second output transducer (35). The first output converter (26) and the first output transducer (34) are configured to reproduce the high frequencies of the processed signals, and the second output converter (27) and the second output transducer (35) are configured to reproduce the low frequencies of the processed signals. The output converters (26, 27) may preferably be embodied as direct digital drive output converters.

Abstract: An induction charging method is provided, with a charging device being equipped with a charging capacitor comprising two opposing electrodes or plates. The device to be charged, a hearing aid or a hearing aid remote control, is introduced between the two electrodes into the electrical field of the capacitor. For energy coupling, the device to be charged is itself equipped with a capacitor which forms induction charges in dependence on the electrical field. The capacitor in the hearing aid or the hearing aid remote control can be manufactured very compactly from foils or coatings so that a significant amount of installation space can be saved for the inductive charging compared to magnetic receiving coils.

Abstract: A sound transmitting device configured to fit within an ear canal, such as a hearing aid or a monitor, for example, having first and second portions which are relatively movable with respect to each other. As a result of these relatively moving portions, the device can better accommodate changes in the shape and/or orientation of the ear canal. To facilitate this relative movement, the first and second portions can include at least partially spherical surfaces which are configured to permit relative movement therebetween. In various embodiments, the device can further include a transmitter for converting electrical signals into sound waves and a seal, where the seal can be configured to prevent, or at least inhibit, sound waves from emanating or leaking into various portions of the device.

Abstract: This invention provides a system for enabling the assembly and suspension of a plurality of loudspeakers in a line allay where the splay angle between the adjacent speakers can be adjusted and rigidly maintained. The line array system utilizes rigging frames that allow for the coupling and supporting of the loudspeakers through the use of adjustable hinge bars. The rigging frames and adjustable hinge bars together form and rigidly maintain the splay angles between adjacent loudspeakers and correspondingly the curvature of the line array speaker assembly.

Abstract: A sound broadcasting mechanism and an electronic device using the same are provided. The sound broadcasting mechanism includes a sound box, a sound broadcasting element and a sound enhancing element. The sound broadcasting element is disposed at the surface of the sound box to generate a sound signal. The sound enhancing element is disposed at the surface of the sound box. The sound enhancing element includes a resonating film and a weight increasing element. The resonating film can resonate with the sound signal in a resonating frequency range to enhance the sound intensity of the sound signal in the resonating frequency range. The weight increasing element is attached to the surface of the resonating film. The weight of the weight increasing element is related to the resonating frequency range.

Abstract: A loudspeaker system according to the present invention comprises a cabinet, a speaker unit mounted in the cabinet, and a powdery gas absorption material which is disposed in an internal space of the cabinet and physically absorbs gas being present in the internal space of the cabinet. An average particle diameter of the gas absorption material is less than 0.1 mm. Thus, according to the present invention, the loudspeaker system which expands a low frequency band, prevents a reduction in an acoustic pressure level, exhibits a volume expansion effect also in a high frequency band of 100 to 200 Hz or more, is compact, and enables enriched bass reproduction can be realized.

Abstract: An earphone arrangement may be provided with at least one speaker arrangement including an earpiece adapted to be attached to the user's ear, and a speaker arranged in the earpiece so that the speaker faces the entrance of the ear canal of a user when the earpiece is operatively attached to the user's ear. The speaker arrangement may include an adjustment arrangement for adjusting the position of the speaker with respect to the earpiece, and thus the position of the speaker with respect to the entrance of the ear canal of the user when the earpiece is operatively attached to the user's ear.