Abstract: A transmitter modulator that is operable to modulate signals according to multiple modulation formats includes a first modulator, a second modulator, and a polarization beam combiner. The first modulator encodes a first signal according to a first modulation format. The second modulator encodes a second signal according to a second modulation format, the first signal orthogonally polarized with respect to the second signal. The polarization beam combiner combines the first signal and the second signal for transmission.

Abstract: There is provided a method for hierarchical modulation relating to a first signal, a second signal, and an original constellation having a plurality of symbols in a non-uniform 8 Phase-Shift-Keying (PSK) configuration. Quadrature-Phase-Shift-Keying (QPSK) modulation is used for the first signal and Binary-Phase-Shift-Keying (BPSK) modulation is used for the second signal. The method includes the step of replacing at least some of the plurality of symbols with at least one radial-type QPSK-BPSK constellation.

Abstract: Multi-carrier modulation fiber optic systems constructed using a series of electrical carriers, modulating the data on the electrical carriers and combining the carriers to form a wideband signal. The wideband signal can then be intensity modulated on a laser and coupled to a fiber optic channel. A receiver may then receive the laser signal from the fiber optic channel and convert it into an electrical signal. Multi-carrier modulation may be applied to existing fiber channels, which may be of lower quality. Existing fiber channels may have characteristics which prevent or restrict the transmission of data using intensity modulation at certain frequencies. An adaptive multi-carrier modulation transmitter may characterize an existing fiber optic channel and ascertain the overall characteristics of the channel. The transmitter and receiver can then be configured to use various bandwidths and various modulations in order to match the transfer characteristic of the fiber channel.

Abstract: A wireless voice communication circuit includes an AD converter generating a first digital variable density signal from voice signal, and a first speed change circuit storing the first signal temporally in a first buffer and reading out it at a burst, a sending frame processing circuit generating a sending frame from the first signal, a modulator modulating and sending a frequency carrier in response to the sending frame, a demodulator demodulating a radio frequency signal received and outputting a receiving frame, a receiving frame processing circuit extracting a second digital variable density signal and outputting it together with a writing timing signal, a second speed change circuit writing the second signal in a second buffer temporally and reading out the signal stored in the second buffer at constant speed.

Abstract: Apparatus for serial communication using embedded clock signals includes a data divider for dividing a data stream into odd-numbered and even-numbered data streams; a clock-embedded signal generator for generating odd-numbered and even-numbered embedded clock signals by pulse amplitude modulating the odd-numbered and even-numbered data streams and, when an external clock is input, inverting polarities of the pulse amplitude modulated odd-numbered and even-numbered data streams; a clock-embedded signal recovery unit for recovering the odd-numbered and even-numbered data streams by comparing amplitudes of the odd-numbered and even-numbered embedded clock signals with reference voltages, respectively, and recovering synchronization information of the clock by detecting when amplitude polarities of the odd-numbered and even-numbered embedded clock signals are inverted; and a data integrator for integrating the odd-numbered and even-numbered data streams and supplying the result as the data stream.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a receiver includes an antenna configured to receive a communication frame. The communication frame may include an acquisition code symbol sequence, which in turn may include a plurality of acquisition code symbols. In an embodiment, an acquisition code symbol includes a subcode sequence having a plurality of subcodes. A receiver also may include a correlation calculator coupled to the antenna. The correlation calculator may be configured to determine a correlation between the subcodes of the received communication frame and a stored version of the subcodes. The correlation may be used in determining a timing offset for further processing of the communication frame.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatus for verifying the detection of a correlation peak, which may represent an acquisition of a received acquisition code symbol sequence. The method includes determining a series of coherently-aligned peaks from a series of correlation peaks. Determining the plurality of coherently-aligned peaks includes correcting a frequency offset and a phase offset for each of the plurality of correlation peaks. A coherent match filter process is performed on the plurality of coherently-aligned peaks. A detection of the correlation peak may be verified when the match filter result exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: At least one adjustable gain analog amplifier (120, 124 and 128) in an analog line-up (102) amplifies by a gain an analog signal at an input of the analog line-up (102). The at least one adjustable gain analog amplifier (120, 124 and 128) is operable at one or more gains. At least one digital estimation device (134, 140 and 146) receives signal via an output (108) of the analog line-up (10) and provides a digital signal estimate representative of an analog signal at an input of a respective one of the at least one adjustable gain analog amplifier (120, 124 and 128) in the analog line-up (102). An AGC controller (152) monitors the digital signal estimate. The AGC controller (152) adjusts the gain of the at least one analog amplifier (120, 124 and 128). An RF receiver and an integrated circuit utilizing the novel features are also disclosed.

Abstract: Device for reducing noise in a radio receiver, which radio receiver comprises a transformer (30) having a reference voltage input (20), a radio signal input at a first transformer side, and a radio signal output at a second transformer side, an A/D converter (40) being connected to said second transformer side, wherein a first bandpass filter (50) is connected between said second transformer side and said A/D converter.

Abstract: A method, wireless device and wireless communication system for implementing information transfer between wireless devices includes a wireless device of the sending party that carries information with a small amount of data (such as address information in an energy keying pulse (energy pulse) sequence) and sends the information to a receiving party in a periodic time interval. A wireless device of the receiving party obtains the information by monitoring and identifying the energy keying pulse sequence. Some time periods may be selected and used to send some information with a small amount of data to other wireless devices in the coverage area via energy keying pulses, so that the information may be correctly received.

Abstract: A digital signal synchronizer integrated circuit includes an input port which receives digital signals, programmable delay modules which synchronize the digital signals, and an output port which outputs the synchronized digital signals. A method of synchronizing a plurality of digital signals includes arranging synchronizer chips in a cascade and interconnecting the chips so that timing and control data may be communicated between the chips, connecting digital buses to the chips, synchronizing the digital signals carried by the digitals buses and outputting the synchronized signals.

Abstract: The time-scale of a digital signal is efficiently modified. A system suitable for embedded or stand-alone processing includes a module that can transform the time-scale of the signal according to a user's preference. An improved method for time-scale modification is based on envelope-matching but introduces a new function that is very fast to compute, the use of which avoids the computation of correlation coefficients where they are not needed. The invention is demonstrably faster than other methods related to SOLA (synchronized-overlap-and-add) with envelope matching, yet with no sacrifice in quality of the processed output.

Abstract: A method for correcting mismatches between a digital signal in phase and a digital signal in quadrature originating from a signal broadcast by terrestrial channel, comprising a phase correction method. A set of first error values is measured during a first period. A current value of a second error is determined based on a sum of the first error values. The current value is compared with a previous second error value stored in memory. The value of a current phase shift correction is chosen from two phase shift correction values, based on the result of the comparison and the value of a previous phase shift correction. The value of the chosen current phase shift correction is added to the previous phase shift to obtain a current phase shift. This current phase shift is introduced between the digital signal in phase and the digital signal in quadrature.

Abstract: A frequency-division circuit comprises a pair of multi-state circuits (MSCA, MSCB). Each multi-state circuit can be switched throughout a cycle of states (SA(1), . . . , SA(N); SB(1), . . . , SB(N)). One multi-state circuit (MSCA) switches to a next state in response to a rising edge (Er) in an input signal (OS). The other multi-state circuit (MSCB) switches to a next state in response to a falling edge (Ef) in the input signal (OS). Each multi-state circuit (MSCA, MSCB) has at least one state (SA(1), SB(1)) in which the multi-state circuit inhibits the other multi-state circuit (MSCB, MSCA) so as to prevent the other multi-state circuit from switching to the next state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing a 3-dimensional image of the internal organs invisible by the conventional method is provided.

Abstract: ECG and ultrasound data of the heart are received in real-time during a scan. CT projection data is also acquired and an image is reconstructed based on the CT projection data, ECG data, and ultrasound data.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography scanning system for inspecting an object includes a platform configured to support the object. The platform is rotatable about an axis and movable in a direction parallel to the axis. At least one X-ray source is fixedly positioned with respect to the platform and configured to transmit radiation through the object. At least one X-ray detector is fixedly positioned with respect to the platform. The at least one X-ray detector is configured to detect the radiation transmitted through the object and generate a signal representative of the detected radiation.

Abstract: A method includes fabricating an energy detector using a sol-gel process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for automatically setting an X-Ray strength based at least in part on the volume of an object. Lasers are used to measure distances to the object. Using the measured distances, a volume of the object to be X-Rayed is estimated. Using the estimated volume, an appropriate X-Ray strength is determined and an X-Ray machine is adjusted to provide X-Rays of that strength.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing apparent axial sampling resolution include acquiring CT data from scans which are offset due to a scan subject motion. Thus, in certain embodiments, a first scan or gantry rotation may be performed, followed by a subject shift. A second scan or gantry rotation may then be performed to acquire overlapping data which is offset from the data of the first scan. The system and method may also be incorporated in helical scanning techniques. By increasing the number of axial samples, some embodiments provide for reduced aliasing artifacts and improved x-ray interlacing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to calibration devices and to methods of using these devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing luggage screening equipment operators is provides. A sequence of images of contents of luggage items derived from a device that scans the luggage items with penetrating radiation are received. The image generation device is characterized by introducing a certain distortion into these images of contents of luggage items. A display device is caused to display images derived from this sequence of images. Occasionally, the display device is caused to show a simulated threat in a luggage item by displaying a combined image derived based at least in part on an image in the sequence of images and a distorted threat image. The distorted threat image was derived by applying a distortion insertion process to a reference threat image wherein the distortion insertion process tends to approximate the certain distortion introduced in the images of contents of luggage items by the device that scans the luggage items with penetrating radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diagnostic X-ray device, system or apparatus for performing diagnostic radiology and a method of configuring such a diagnostic X-ray device, system or apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a diagnostic system for forming at least one image of an object having enhanced contrast. The system comprises a beam source adapted to produce an imaging beam and a masking member adapted to form at least one beam portion from the imaging beam and adapted to image the object. The system further comprises a flat panel detector positioned in a path of at least one beam portion penetrating the object and adapted to form at least one image of the object.

Abstract: X-ray laminography and/or tomosynthesis apparatus includes a stationary X-ray tube with an X-ray source for generating X-rays for radiographic scanning of an object that is to be examined. The apparatus includes a stationary fixture for the object that is to be examined, and the stationary fixture being arranged in a stationary manner during a radiographic session. A stationary X-ray detector is provided for detecting the X-rays once the object which is to be examined has been radiographed. The X-ray detector is provided with a substantially planar detection surface whose dimensions are selected, taking into account the distance from the X-ray source to the object which is to be examined and the distance from the object which is to be detected to the X-ray detector, such that during scanning the X-rays always impinge the detection surface after radiographing the object.

Abstract: A radiation irradiation method includes the steps (a) and (b). The step (a) is the step of irradiating a first part of a subject with first radiation radiated in a radial pattern from a first point. The step (b) is the step of irradiating a second part different from said first part of said subject with second radiation radiated in a radial pattern from a second point. A first position of said first point relative to said subject correspond to a second position of said second point relative to said subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and method for an interleaved spiral cone shaping collimation. The present disclosure also relates to an instrumentation that utilizes the interleaved spiral cone shaping X-ray collimator for the identification of concealed materials, or substances, such as explosives and drugs, as well as for the identification of material embedded in objects, even under conditions where invasive examination of said material is impossible, impractical or undesirable.

Abstract: A system for reducing movement of an object is described. The system includes a first detector configured to detect a first beam and a second detector configured to detect a second beam The first and second detectors are located within a radiography room.

Abstract: A method includes automatically determining a specific mobile device to use from a plurality of mobile devices based on at least one of a battery metric, a patient procedure, and a location of the devices or of the patient.

Abstract: An electrical power supply for an X-ray tube comprising a current source, a transformer with a primary circuit and a secondary circuit coupled with a resistor (R), the unit supplying a high-voltage generator provided with an equivalent input capacitor is used, when the generator is powered on, to limit the intensity of the inrush current appearing in the circuit.

Abstract: A micro X-ray source comprising a target acting as anode, and a cathode, which during operation interacts with the target and functions as electron source, wherein the target is embodied as a metal foil possessing a spot where the electrons from the electron source arrive, and the metal foil being locally thinner at the spot.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide systems and methods for gantry support. Certain embodiments provide a mobile imaging system. The system includes a base and a gantry member moveably attached to the base. The gantry member includes an imaging source. The system also includes a gantry support positioned on the base for supporting the gantry member. The gantry support contacts the gantry member at one or more points in a range of motion for the gantry member. Certain embodiments provide a method for gantry member stabilization. The method includes providing a gantry support on a gantry base to provide support for an imaging system gantry member. The imaging system gantry member is attached to the gantry base. The method further includes positioning the gantry support with respect to the gantry member to support the gantry member along at least a portion of a path of movement of the gantry member.

Abstract: A method of inspecting articles using an imaging inspection apparatus which utilizes a plurality of individual imaging devices for directing beams onto the articles having objects therein to detect the objects based on established criteria. The method involves the enhanced cooling of the heat-generating imaging devices in which a fan directs cooling fluid onto a plurality of deflectors which in turn direct said fluid onto selected ones of said imaging devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quality assurance (QA) of beam geometry of robotic radiosurgery systems. The QA of beam geometry is of paramount importance in achieving clinical precision of robotic radiosurgery treatment, which depends on the accuracy and reproducibility of each beam direction. The method and apparatus of this invention verifies pre-defined beam geometry by radiographic visualization of the beam central axis to better detect inaccuracy of the imaging system and error in robotic precision. The apparatus consists of two radio-opaque markers set at a fixed distance from each other and contained in a housing, which is assembled to a collimator fixture for attachment to the collimator interface of the linear accelerator (LINAC) of the robotic radiosurgery system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for returning custom greetings to callers of a station that is not answering a telecommunications call. The greeting can be a specific message for one caller, while other callers receive a standard greeting. Callers are identified by incoming calling line identification or by a uniform resource identifier. The message can be time sensitive so that it is activated only at specified times. The message can also be used to elicit a request from the caller to access data in the called party's database. Advantageously, special messages can be left for individual callers without disturbing the normal answering process.

Abstract: System and method for communicating information from an information provider to a recipient are provided. One illustrative application for the system and method is in a medical practice. The system and method may be used as an automated patient medical information message retrieval system to communicate certain medical information from the medical provider to patients. The system and method permits a provider of medical information, such as a physician's office, to generate messages containing medical information and to deliver the message to a destination mailbox. The patient is provided with a telephone number, personal voice mailbox number, and a personal voice mailbox PIN, to access and retrieve the medical message from the destination mailbox.

Abstract: Providing electronic mail (e-mail) to an electronic device includes receiving a text message from the electronic device, retrieving e-mail from one or more e-mail accounts in response to the text message, generating a hyperlink to the e-mail and sending the hyperlink to the electronic device. The electronic device may be a cell phone.

Abstract: A method and a system for dynamic tariffing and billing where tariffs of telecommunication services are adapted based on the usage of telecommunication services between members of a group account.

Abstract: Delivery of advertisements to participants in communications using a packetized telephony protocol (e.g., VoIP). This may comprise identifying a keyword used in a telephone conversation between parties, at least one of which uses a packetized telephony protocol device to participate in the telephone conversation. Then, a particular advertisement that includes image content is correlated to the telephone conversation based upon identification of the keyword. Delivery of the particular advertisement is prompted, preferably to the packetized telephony protocol device used by one or more of the parties to the telephone conversation. The delivery accommodates display of the image content for the particular advertisement without interrupting the telephone conversation between the parties.

Abstract: A method of establishing communication between a first and second terminal, the first terminal being arranged to communicate with a first communication system and the second terminal being arranged to communicate with a second communication system.

Abstract: Method of signalling a call from a sending equipment (2, 4) on receiving equipment (3, 4), this method comprising the following operations: create a request to set up communication from the sending equipment (2, 4) addressed to the receiving equipment (3, 4); include a subject message dealing with the reason for the call, within the request; transmit the request to set up a communication containing the subject message, to the receiving equipment (3, 4); the receiving equipment (3, 4) receives the request to set up a communication; the receiving equipment (3, 4) accepts the subject message (3, 4).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for providing real-time position information of one party to another party by utilizing a conventional telecommunication network system such as the convention telephone network, a mobile telecommunications network, a computer network, or the Internet. More specifically, the preferred embodiments of the present invention allow a caller and a receiver of a telephone call to provide to and receive from each other position information related to the caller and/or receiver's physical location, including address information, GPS coordinates, nearby fixed locations such as a parking structure, etc. Additionally, the preferred embodiments of the present invention allow a caller and receiver to retrieve routing instructions or maps for traveling to or from each other.

Abstract: A communications service for communications addressed to or from a communications address is implemented by receiving, from a requester though a packet switching network, a request to access current communications service data for an account for the communications address. The current communications service data for the account is forwarded to the requester through the packet switching network. An instruction to change an on/off state of the communications service is received from the requester through the packet switching network. The instruction to a communications service manager is forwarded through a data network. The on/off state of the communications service is changed in accordance with the instruction.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for searching a phone number and originating a call by using an image in a mobile communication terminal having a touch screen. The apparatus includes the touch screen for displaying at least one image in an image area, a memory unit for storing at least one image and a phone number corresponding thereto, and a control unit for performing call origination by using the phone number corresponding to each image if a touch input is made onto the relevant image displayed in the image area.

Abstract: A CODEC circuit for POTS system comprises a digital circuit for outputting a digital control signal having a first bit width, the digital control signal being indicative of a voltage to be applied to a POTS subscriber line pair. Further, the CODEC circuit comprises a noise shaper coupled to an output of the digital circuit for generating a noise-shaped control signal and a digital-to-analog converter coupled to an output of the noise shaper, the input of the digital-to-analog converter having a second bit width being larger than 1 and smaller than the first bit width.

Abstract: A device and method for handling announcement of an incoming call in a telephone handset at least in part in accordance with a measured ambient noise level is provided. In some embodiments, the disclosed device includes an audio signaling mechanism such as a ringer whose loudness is automatically adjusted in accordance with a measured ambient noise levels. Alternatively or additionally, the present invention provides an audio speaker for outputting received voice communications, wherein the loudness of the speaker is determined at least in part in accordance with a measured ambient noise level. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods and devices for handling announcement of an incoming call at least in part in accordance with electrical output from other sensing circuits such as location sensing circuits and environmental circuits.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide an approach for corrupting file representations at multiple different levels to provide a robust file corruption tool. In accordance with the described embodiments, file representation corruption can take place at a file's physical representation, logical representation and/or content representation.

Abstract: A data scrambling circuit is provided. The data scrambling circuit includes an integrated circuit having a digital logic device and an interface circuit coupled to the digital logic device. Also included is an external memory coupled to output pins on the interface circuit. The digital logic device communicates patterned data to the interface circuit. The interface circuit then scrambles the patterned data to produce a pseudo random output to be stored within the external memory and unscrambled a pseudo random signal from the external memory to produce unscrambled data to be read by the digital logic device.

Abstract: The confidential information processing device according to the present invention includes: a stream analysis unit which determines the target data by analyzing the data stream; a cryptographic computation unit which holds a context including a key used for the cryptographic computation, an initial value, and intermediate information during cryptographic computation, and perform the cryptographic computation using the context that is being held; a context storage unit which stores a plurality of the contexts; a correspondence table storage unit which stores a correspondence table which indicates the number of cryptographic computations to be performed for the data stream and a context to be used for each of the cryptographic computations; a context control unit which, when the context held in the cryptographic computation unit does not match the context to be used indicated in the correspondence table, saves the context held in the cryptographic computation unit to the context storage unit and restore the con

Abstract: A device (3000) for processing an encrypted data stream (3001), wherein decryption messages are provided for decrypting each segment (1403) of the encrypted data stream (3001), wherein each decryption message comprises a number of decryption elements, wherein the device (3000) comprises a detection unit (3002) for detecting the number of decryption elements per decryption message, and a determining unit (3003) for determining a position for providing the decryption messages in relation to the sequence of the segments (1403), based on the detected number.

Abstract: A method, device and computer program product for recording data on an optical disc while being encrypted using an encryption code. The encryption code is selectively recorded in a predetermined region of the optical disc. The encryption code is read from the predetermined region, and data read from the optical disc is decrypted and reproduced on the basis of the read encryption code. The encryption code can be randomly generated. When the optical disc is one of DVD-R/+R/-RW/+RW, the predetermined region is a first buffer zone disposed in a lead-in area of the optical disc. When the optical disc is DVD-RAM, the predetermined region is a reserved region subsequent to a first DMA disposed in a lead-in area or a reserved region subsequent to a fourth DMA disposed in a lead-out area of the optical disc.