Abstract: The carbon porous body of the present disclosure includes micropores and mesopores. A micropore volume determined at a temperature of 77K by as plot analysis of a nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 100 (cm3 (STP)/g) or more. A BET specific surface area determined from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 1,000 m2/g or more. The derivative of the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 300 (cm3 (STP)/g) or more over the range where relative pressure P/P0 in the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is from 0.10 to 0.20 inclusive, and the derivative of the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 200 (cm3 (STP)/g) or more over the range where the relative pressure P/P0 in the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is from 0.20 to 0.95 inclusive. The amount of nitrogen adsorbed when the relative pressure P/P0 in the nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 0.98 is 1,200 (cm3 (STP)/g) or more.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a supercapacitor, a first graphene current collector, a first electrode and a first separating layer are sequentially formed on a first metal layer, to form a first stacked layer. A second graphene current collector and a second electrode are sequentially formed on a second metal layer, to form a second stacked layer. The second electrode of the second stacked layer is formed on the first separating layer of the first stacked layer, to form a third stacked layer. The third stacked layer is compressed to remove the first and second metal layers, to form a unit stacked layer. The unit stacked layer and a second separating layer or an insulating layer are alternately formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to structural supercapacitors and electrodes for structural supercapacitors having high energy storage and high mechanical characteristics and methods of making the structural supercapacitors and electrodes. The structural supercapacitors can include a solid electrolyte and carbon fiber electrodes comprising carbon nanotubes, surface functionalized redox-active moieties, and/or a conducting polymer.

Abstract: An electronic component manufacturing method includes inserting an electronic component base body, which has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and paired opposing end surfaces, paired opposing lateral surfaces connecting the end surfaces, and paired opposing principal surfaces perpendicular to the end surfaces and the lateral surfaces and connecting the end surfaces, in a receiving portion of a component holder. The receiving portion defining an accommodation space that is capable of receiving the electronic component base body, forming an oleophobic film over the surfaces of the electronic component base body by exposing the surfaces of the electronic component base body inserted in the receiving portion to gas containing an oleophobic material, taking out the electronic component base body, which includes the oleophobic film formed thereon, from the receiving portion, and forming outer electrodes on the electronic component base body having been taken out.

Abstract: An outer electrode includes sintered layers each containing a sintered metal, an electrically insulating glass layer, and metal layers each containing at least one of Sn and Cu. Each sintered layer covers a respective end surface of a body and extends from the end surface to at least one main surface of the body. The glass layer is directly provided on the sintered layers located on the end surfaces of the body, extends in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to side surfaces of the body, and defines a portion of a surface of the outer electrode. Each metal layer covers a portion of one of the sintered layers other than a portion of the corresponding sintered layer that is covered with the glass layer, and defines another portion of the surface of the outer electrode.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter is provided for use in a low voltage residential circuit breaker. The vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed vacuum tube. The sealed vacuum tube is being closed at a first end with an end plate and closed at a second end with an end spring. The vacuum interrupter comprises a first contact terminal passing through the end plate and having a fixed contact near a distal end of the first contact terminal. The vacuum interrupter comprises a second contact terminal having a free end. The second contact terminal passing through the end spring and having a movable contact being configured to contact the fixed contact of the first contact terminal. The end spring is configured to receive a force on the free end of the second contact terminal to provide open or close operations of the vacuum interrupter.

Abstract: A controllable light source is provided that includes a load control circuit and an integrated lighting load. The controllable light source is configured to receive wirelessly communicated commands transmitted by a remote control device associated with the controllable light source, such as a rotary remote control device. The controllable light source may include an actuator for associating the controllable light source with the remote control device, such that the load control circuit is operable to adjust the intensity of the lighting load in response to wireless signals received from the remote control device. The controllable light source may support the actuator such that the actuator may be actuated when the controllable light source is installed in a fixture.

Abstract: A key structure of a keyboard includes a keycap, a scissor connecting mechanism, a conductive circuit board and a bottom plate from top to bottom, wherein a projection is arranged between the scissor connecting mechanism and the conductive circuit board; when an optional position of the periphery of the keycap is pressed, the scissor connecting mechanism is in contact with the projection before the conductive circuit board or the bottom plate below the scissor connecting mechanism; and if the optional position of the periphery of the keycap continues being pressed, the scissor connecting mechanism positioned on one side of the pressed point is bent and deformed by using the projection as a fulcrum and is in contact with the conductive circuit board.

Abstract: A contact lever for use in an electrical switch assembly so as to allow selectable movement within the switch assembly of a contact lever contact member from electrical connection with a first stationary contact member into electrical connection with a second stationary contact member, the contact lever including: first and second lever arms that are connected at respective first ends to the contact lever contact member; said first and second lever arms having respective second ends, and, said first and second lever arms being configured to extend away from the contact member and to terminate at their respective second ends; a gap disposed between the first and second lever arms which separates the first and second lever arms as they extend away from the contact member, and wherein the gap is configured to allow movement of a spring element of the switch assembly therethrough; and a bridge member configured for connection with the first and second lever arms so as to traverse the gap separating the first and

Abstract: The present invention relates to an on-load tap changer device, which allows the automatic regulation of voltage in the secondary winding (28) of high-voltage electrical equipment (26, 65) by selecting the number of turns of the primary winding (27) by means of an on-load tap changer device (1, 40), having reduced volume and weight, obtaining the highest possible number of transformation ratios without changing the constructive arrangement of the high-voltage electrical equipment (26, 65).

Abstract: A circuit breaker having a housing with an accessory cover includes an accessory cover interlock assembly that trips the circuit breaker upon removal of the accessory cover. The accessory cover interlock assembly includes a plunger rotatable from an initial install position to an engaged position that moves a trip lever into a de-energize position (tripping the circuit breaker) upon removal of the accessory cover. The accessory cover interlock assembly prevents the circuit breaker from being reset while the access cover is removed. The accessory cover interlock assembly automatically resets upon re-attachment of the accessory cover to the circuit breaker housing. Methods of forced safety tripping in a circuit breaker are also provided, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A contactor assembly for a transfer switch includes a housing, first and second operating mechanisms in the housing, a first contact assembly in the housing and adjacent the first operating mechanism, a second contact assembly in the housing and adjacent the second operating mechanism, and a central control system in the housing and coupled to each of the first and second operating mechanisms. The central control system is configured to be manually actuated (i) in a first way to cause the first operating mechanism to change the first contact assembly to a closed state and to lock the second contact assembly in an open state and (ii) in a second way to cause the second operating mechanism to change the second contact assembly to a closed state and to lock the first contact assembly in an open state.

Abstract: A switch guard for preventing accidental actuation of a control switch is disclosed. The switch guard includes a rigid wall structure comprising a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls arranged to accommodate positioning of the control switch therein, each of the pair of end walls including at least one opening formed therein. The switch guard also includes a mating feature provided at each of the end walls of the wall structure, with each mating feature being a separate component from the rigid wall structure and being configured to selectively translate through the at least one opening formed in the respective end wall between a first position and a second position to secure the switch guard about the control switch.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus of an electrical power distribution network may be controlled by accessing, at a control system, one or more operating parameters, the operating parameters being associated with the operation and control of the electrical apparatus; adjusting one or more of the accessed operating parameters, the adjustment being based on data associated with the electrical apparatus; and generating a control signal for the electrical apparatus based on at least one adjusted parameter, the control signal being sufficient to control the electrical apparatus in accordance with the adjusted operating parameter, where controlling the electrical apparatus includes causing contacts of the electrical apparatus to disconnect from each other to prevent electrical current from flowing through the electrical apparatus and causing the contacts of the electrical apparatus to connect to each other to allow current to flow through the electrical apparatus.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device (IED) may provide point on wave switching. The IED may receive a control operation request, and determine when to issue a control command to cause a switch to change positions. The actuation of the switch may occur at a target point on an alternating current. An IED may have a processor that is too slow to implement a switch when a desired point on an alternating current first occurs. Accordingly, some embodiments may compensate for the processing speed of an IED by determining a number of processor cycles needed (in advance) to issue a control command so that the resulting action results in the desired point on wave open or close.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a membrane switch member that can be manufactured easily and that can be caused to function as an electrostatic sensor even when a protruding portion is pressed. Injection molding by injecting a material including a supercritical fluid gas and a resin material in a mixed state; and, after the injection molding, removing a first mold from a second mold, causing gas produced within the injection molded resin to grow in concave portions, thereby causing the concave portions to invert to a protruding state; and manufacturing a membrane switch member in which voids are formed between the protruding portions and a molding resin layer, and portions other than the portions corresponding to the protruding portions are adhered to the resin layer by an adhesion layer.

Abstract: A push switch of the present disclosure has: a resin case that has a recess, a through hole, and a groove; a connection terminal; an upper protection sheet; and a lower protection sheet. The through hole penetrates from a bottom part of the recess to a lower surface of the resin case, and the groove is provided on the lower surface of the resin case. The through hole and the groove are connected to each other, and the through hole overlaps with the lower protection sheet in plan view. The groove has a first area and a second area, and of the first area and the second area, only the first area overlaps with the lower protection sheet in plan view.

Abstract: A switch device includes a housing, an operating member, a fixed contact, and a moving contact. The moving contact is, while being in contact with the fixed contact, urged toward the fixed contact so as to be in elastic contact with the fixed contact. The fixed contact includes a plate portion and is held by the housing with a space on one surface side of the plate portion. The moving contact includes a first extended portion that extends so as to intersect the plate portion. When the moving contact and the fixed contact are in contact with each other, the first extended portion intersects the plate portion while being inclined relative to the plate portion, and the first extended portion is in elastic contact with a corner portion on a one surface side of an edge of the plate portion.

Abstract: A button includes a display element including a mounting section, a hollowed bottom board having a joint section, support frame members having an interconnection driving section, a button cap body having a light-transmitting section and a contacting section, and an elastic element. The support frame members and the elastic element are arranged on the contacting section located outside the button cap body to that a user is allowed to see, by way of the light-transmitting section of the button cap body, through the hollowed bottom board to the display element at the bottom so as to completely observe a text/pattern section of the display element. In a pressing-down operation, the interconnection driving section makes the support frame members to operate with leverage for causing the elastic element to drive the display element. Further, individual button modularization can be achieved with the arrangement of the mounting section and the joint section.

Abstract: A novel conducting structure and conducting method for an upper sheet and a lower sheet of a film button circuit. A first upper sheet conducting layer and a second upper sheet conducting layer are coated in sequence on an upper sheet conducting contact point. A first lower sheet conducting layer and a second lower sheet conducting layer are coated in sequence on a lower sheet conducting contact point. The first upper sheet conducting layer, the second upper sheet conducting layer, the second lower sheet conducting layer and the first lower sheet conducting layer are overlapped in sequence, thereby forming a composite conducting layer that is slightly greater than a back glue layer in thickness. The present invention can simplify assembly processes and can improve the production efficiency.

Abstract: An actuating apparatus having a signal transmitter and a mechanical operating element, wherein the mechanical operating element includes a first position that is stable over time and a second position that is stable over time, wherein the mechanical operating element, in the case of a movement from the first position that is stable over time into the second position that is stable over time, actuates the signal transmitter, and wherein the signal transmitter, upon actuation, causes a first signal change followed by a second signal change of an output signal, and an evaluation circuit detects an actuation of the mechanical operating element based on the first signal change and the second signal change.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a household appliance and a control assembly which includes a control panel, a display screen and a power switch. The display screen is arranged on the control panel and can move relative to the control panel. The power switch is connected to the control panel and/or the display screen for controlling the power-on and power-off of the household appliance. When the display screen is pressed, the display screen moves relative to the control panel and controls the power-on or power-off of the power switch. By pressing the display screen to control the power-on and power-off of the power switch, a complete power-off can be achieved to eliminate the drawbacks of weak power and incomplete power-off of the touch-sensitive power switch, and the arrangement of a power switch key is omitted, therefore the operation and the overall appearance of the household appliance is simplified.

Abstract: A contactless control switch that is resistant to influence from external magnetic fields is disclosed. The switch includes a switch housing, a button moveably mounted to the housing that has at least one protrusion formed on an underside thereof, a circuit board mounted to the housing and including at least one magnet sensor, and a magnet holder positioned adjacent each respective magnet sensor, the magnet holder housing a positive field magnet and a negative field magnet therein and being rotatably mounted to the housing. A respective protrusion interacts with the magnet holder responsive to an actuation of the button by a user, so as to position one of the positive field magnet and the negative field magnet proximate to its respective sensor and the other of the positive field magnet and the negative field magnet distal to its respective sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a DC circuit breaker capable of interrupting fault currents flowing in both forward and backward directions. The DC circuit breaker includes: a first mechanical switch for interrupting a current in a DC transmission line; a first diode connected in parallel with the first mechanical switch; a second mechanical switch, connected in series with the first mechanical switch, for interrupting a current in the DC transmission line; a second diode connected in parallel with the second mechanical switch; an LC circuit connected in parallel with the first and second mechanical switches and including a capacitor and a reactor connected in series to induce LC resonance; a first unidirectional switching device connected in parallel with the LC circuit and switching a current to induce LC resonance; and a bidirectional switching device connected in series with the LC circuit and switching currents flowing in both forward and backward directions.

Abstract: A switching contact, of a vacuum interrupter including support bodies, includes an additional support body which has the shape of a truncated cone or of a hollow truncated cone or of a partially hollow truncated cone. The additional support body is offset from a first location or region on the bottom of the contact carrier, located in the notional extension of the contact rod and inside the contact carrier, to a second location or region, located on the side of the contact plate facing the contact carrier and on the outer edge of the contact plate in relation to the first region.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic isolating apparatus (1) for isolating a conductor (8) using an isolating punch (14) has a housing, in which the isolating punch (14) is routed, and an ignition unit (6) for driving the isolating punch (14). According to the invention, a quenching means (13) for suppressing or quenching an arc is arranged between the isolating punch (14) and the ignition unit (6). Therefore, the quenching means (13) also transmits the drive force to the isolating punch (14). The isolating punch (14) can have at least one cutting edge, so that a printed circuit board (18) is stamped out of the conductor (8) and the conductor ends (8a, 8b) are at a large distance. The isolating punch (14) is preferably composed of electrically conductive material with a melting point of greater than 2000° C. It is advantageous when a thrust piston (12) is provided between the ignition unit (6) and the quenching means (13) in order to shield the hot combustion gases from the quenching means (13).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a port connection circuit includes a controller, an input contact, a switch, and a switch control circuit. The controller comprises a first port to selectively switch to an input or output state, a second port configured to output a switch control signal, and a third port configured to detect an event. The input contact is connected to an output contact of an external connector and the third port. The switch is connected between the input contact and the first port. The switch control circuit is configured to close or open the switch based on a voltage of the input contact. The switch control circuit includes a hysteresis circuit to which this voltage is input, and an OR gate that logically adds an output of the hysteresis circuit and a switch control signal from the second port and outputs the result to a control contact of the switch.

Abstract: A circuit and method for controlling a voltage applied to a coil to actuate electromechanical relays or contactors. The strength of a magnetic field operating the coil is a function of the product of the number of turns of the coil wire and the magnitude of current, in amperes, passing through the coil wire. An adjustable voltage regulator provides a regulated voltage as an output to a first terminal of a coil to energize the coil based on the temperature of the coil as sensed by a temperature sensing device located proximate the coil. The regulated voltage is controlled based on the sensed coil temperature to consistently provide a current of optimal magnitude to actuate the coil at the sensed temperature. A transient voltage suppression circuit may be used with the coil to suppress back electromotive force generated currents and voltages when the coil is de-energized.

Abstract: A switchgear for an electric current includes a switching assembly that can be switched between an open state and a closed state; a control mechanism including a trigger member for triggering the switching of the switching assembly to the open state; a housing including lateral walls. The lateral walls are elastically deformable when the pressure prevailing inside the housing increases, one of the lateral walls including, on its inner face, a rigid protuberance, the deformation of the wall causing a displacement of the protuberance, the protuberance being arranged relative to the trigger member such that its displacement results in the displacement of the trigger member to its triggering position.

Abstract: An apparatus for phase operation indication includes a phase filter that filters a ground monitor signal from one or more phase conductors supplying power to a load and injects the ground monitor signal in an equipment grounding conductor run with the one or more phase conductors or receives the ground monitor signal from a signal generator and injects the ground monitor signal on the one or more phase conductors. The ground monitor signal includes a test frequency different than a line frequency of power supplied to the load. The apparatus includes at least one indicator circuit connected to at least one of the one or more phase conductors. An indicator circuit of a phase conductor provides a visual flashing signal in response to a voltage being present on the phase conductor, the at least one indicator circuit located at the phase filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides an arc extinguishing structure for direct current circuit breaker, which comprises a first casing, a second casing, an arc extinguishing chamber, a gas generating hood, a movable contactor and a stationary contactor, with a plurality of arc extinguishing grid-plates installed at an upper part inside the arc extinguishing chamber and having lower slots which are open towards an accommodation space and have a size that gradually decreases along a direction from the second casing to the first casing, wherein the first casing has a first extension plate disposed against the first gas generating plate and a second extension plate disposed against the second gas generating plate, the first extension plate and the second extension plate are arranged to extend into the arc extinguishing chamber so as to form a spacing communicated with the accommodation space and disposed opposite to the arc extinguishing grid-plates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multistage fuse, and more particularly, to a multistage fuse including: a fuse module including a first fuse bar formed in a bar shape as a conductive member; a melted portion which supports the first fuse bar and is melted when overcurrent flows; and a second fuse bar which supports the melted portion; and a contact terminal which contacts the first fuse bar by elastic force, in which when the overcurrent flows on the melted portion, the melted portion is melted to disconnect the first fuse bar and the contact terminal.

Abstract: A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

Abstract: Metallic ion source for resolving the issue of not being able to produce high-density ions efficiently with small-scale ion sources in situations where an electron beam injecting scheme is employed as the evaporation source to evaporate a solid, and for producing high-density ions highly efficiently. Designed to be compact and lightweight, the metallic ion source also facilitates selection of the ion extraction direction. The ion source, structured exploiting the characteristic physical property that whether ionization takes place is dependent on the energy of the electron beam, is furnished with a dual evaporation-plasma chamber that inside the same chamber enables a high-speed electron beam, whose ionization efficiency is low, and low-speed electrons generated by electric discharge, whose ionization efficiency is high, to participate independently and simultaneously in, respectively, evaporation of precursor and ionization action.

Abstract: An x-ray tube can include an electron-emitter, which can include a tube-shape with a minimum inside diameter of at least 0.5 millimeters. The electron-emitter can provide field-emission of electrons, and thus can avoid the electrical power required for heating, and can avoid degradation due to high temperature of, a thermionic-emission electron-emitter. This type of electron-emitter, with a tube-shape, can have a relatively large electron-emission region, allowing high electrical current without excessive current density.

Abstract: A radiation emitting target, a radiation generating device, and a radiography system are provided in which adhesion between a target layer and a diamond substrate is improved and stable radiation emitting properties are exhibited. A transmission type target includes a target layer, a carbon-containing region including sp2 bonds, and a diamond substrate that supports the target layer. The carbon-containing region is positioned between the target layer and the diamond substrate.

Abstract: A foil liner comprising a plurality of foil layers is disclosed. The foil layers may each be an electrically conductive material that are stacked on top of each other. The spacing between adjacent foil layers may create a thermal gradient such that the temperature of the plasma is hotter than the temperature of the ion source chamber. In other embodiments, the foil layers may be assembly to sink the heat from the plasma so that the plasma is cooler than the temperature of the ion source chamber. In some embodiments, gaps or protrusions are disposed on one or more of the foil layers to affect the thermal gradient. In certain embodiments, one or more of the foil layers may be constructed of an insulating material to further affect the thermal gradient. The foil liner may be easily assembled, installed and replaced from within the ion source chamber.

Abstract: In the plasma etching method, a sample is placed on a stage in a chamber. A first gas is introduced into the chamber. Electric field is supplied within the chamber to plasma is generated from the first gas. A first RF power of a first frequency, which is for generating a bias voltage in the sample for etching the sample with radicals which are generated in the plasma while the plasma is generated, is supplied to the stage. A second gas is introduced from a position in outer periphery of a surface of the stage, on which the sample is placed. A second RF power of a second frequency higher than the first frequency and capable of generating plasma from the second gas above the stage that allows radicals generated in the plasma generated from the second gas to be supplied in the outer periphery, is supplied to the stage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a plasma source assembly and process chamber design that can be used for any number of substrate processing techniques. The plasma source may include a plurality of discrete electrodes that are integrated with a reference electrode and a gas feed structure to generate a uniform, stable and repeatable plasma during processing. The plurality of discrete electrodes include an array of electrodes that can be biased separately, in groups or all in unison, relative to a reference electrode. The plurality of discrete electrodes may include a plurality of conductive rods that are positioned to generate a plasma within a processing region of a process chamber. The plurality of discrete electrodes is provided RF power from standing or traveling waves imposed on a power distribution element to which the electrodes are connected.

Abstract: An activated gas generation apparatus includes a gas jet flow straightener below an activated gas generating electrode group and a nozzle constituent part. The gas jet flow straightener receives a plurality of nozzle passing activated gases as a whole at an inlet part of a gas flow-straightening passage. The gas flow-straightening passage is formed so that the outlet opening area of an outlet part is set to be narrower than the inlet opening area of the inlet part, and the cylindrical gas jet of each of the plurality of nozzle passing activated gases is converted into a linear flow-straightened activated gas by the flow-straightening action of the gas flow-straightening passage.

Abstract: A powder plasma processing apparatus is disclosed. The powder plasma processing apparatus is a powder plasma processing apparatus of a circular surface discharge plasma module, and the apparatus includes a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the circular surface discharge plasma module, an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer, and a plasma generating electrode disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the circular surface discharge plasma module rotates, an alternating voltage is applied to the plasma generating electrode and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plasma generating electrode, and a powder for plasma processing is processed by the plasma within the circular surface discharge plasma module.

Abstract: An component of a processing chamber comprises an aerosol deposited coating on the component, the aerosol deposited coating comprising a first type of metal oxide nanoparticle and a second type of metal oxide nanoparticle.

Abstract: Plasma etch-cleaning of substrates is performed by means of a plasma discharge arrangement comprising an electron source cathode (5) and an anode arrangement (7). The anode arrangement (7) comprises on one hand an anode electrode (9) and on the other hand and electrically isolated therefrom a confinement (11). The confinement (11) has an opening (13) directed towards an area (S) of a substrate (21) to be cleaned. The electron source cathode (5) and the anode electrode (9) are electrically supplied by a supply circuit with a supply source (19). The circuit is operated electrically floating.

Abstract: A method for reducing the optical loss of the multilayer coating below a predetermined value in a zone by producing coating on a displaceable substrate in a vacuum chamber with the aid of a residual gas using a sputtering device. Reactive depositing a coating on the substrate by adding a reactive component with a predetermined stoichiometric deficit in a zone of the sputtering device. Displacing the substrate with the deposited coating into the vicinity of a plasma source, which is located in the vacuum chamber at a predetermined distance from the sputtering device. The plasma action of the plasma source modifying the structure and/or stoichiometry of the coating, preferably by adding a predetermined quantity of the reactive component to reduce the optical loss of the coating.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photomultiplier comprising: an electron ejector; a detector; a substrate; and a first electrode in the substrate; a second electrode in the substrate; a third electrode in the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a flat or curved surface at an angle to a normal direction of the substrate; wherein each of the first, second and third electrodes comprises a first end and a second end, the first end being closer to the electron ejector than the second end; wherein the first, second and third electrodes are spatially arranged such that the second ends of the first, second and third electrode are on a same plane, or such that a plane the second ends of the first and third electrodes are on crosses the second electrode.

Abstract: An RF fluorescent lamp comprising an electric ballast comprising an inverter circuit operating at a first frequency that provides the voltage and current with reference to local ground to a switching node connected to a first end of a winding of a power coupler, a timing circuit operating at a second frequency equal to or less than half the first frequency, and an enable circuit activated by the timing circuit that enables and disables the inverter circuit.

Abstract: A display panel and a method for forming a micro component support are provided. The method for forming a micro component support includes the following steps. First, a first sacrificial layer is formed on a carrier substrate, where the first sacrificial layer includes a plurality of first openings, and the first openings expose the carrier substrate. Then, a first support layer is formed on the first sacrificial layer and in the first openings. Next, a second sacrificial layer is formed on the first sacrificial layer and the first support layer, where the second sacrificial layer includes a plurality of second openings, and the second openings expose the first support layer. Then, a second support layer is formed on the second sacrificial layer and in the second openings. Next, at least one micro component is formed on the second support layer. Finally, the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are removed.

Abstract: A multi-scale manufacturing system comprising a centrally located multi-axis and multi-dimensional first manipulating component associated with a housing for manipulating a substrate and a template, a control subsystem coupled to the first manipulating component for controlling movement thereof, a pre-alignment subsystem for pre-aligning the substrate and the template, an assembly station for applying nanomaterial to the template, an alignment station for aligning the template and the substrate together to form a workpiece assembly, and a transfer subsystem for applying pressure to the workpiece assembly for transferring the nanomaterial from the template to the substrate.

Abstract: Dielectric composite films characterized by a dielectric constant (k) of less than about 7 and having a density of at least about 2.5 g/cm3 are deposited on partially fabricated semiconductor devices to serve as etch stop layers. The dielectric composite film in one embodiment includes Al, Si, and O and has a thickness of between about 10-100 ?. The dielectric composite film can reside between two layers of inter-layer dielectric, and may be in contact with metal layers. An apparatus for depositing such dielectric composite films includes a process chamber, a conduit for delivering an aluminum containing precursor to the process chamber, a second conduit for delivering a silicon-containing precursor to the process chamber and a controller having program instructions for depositing the dielectric composite film from these precursors, e.g., by reacting the precursors adsorbed to the substrate with an oxygen-containing species.

Abstract: A nanoelectronics structure is disclosed which includes a substrate layer which has least a first surface and also has a thickness of less than 100 nm. The nanoelectronics structure also includes a dielectric layer, which is deposited on the first surface of the substrate layer and has a thickness of less than 100 nm. This dielectric layer is made up of at least 90 mole percent amorphous boron nitride. Also disclosed is a method for forming a dielectric layer on a substrate using pulsed laser deposition.