Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electrode for lithium ion batteries which exhibits excellent electrical conductivity even if its thickness is large. The electrode for lithium ion batteries of the present invention includes a first main surface to be located adjacent to a separator of a lithium ion battery and a second main surface to be located adjacent to a current collector of the lithium ion battery. The electrode has a thickness of 150 to 5000 ?m. The electrode contains, between the first main surface and the second main surface, a conductive member (A) made of an electronically conductive material and a large number of active material particles (B). At least part of the conductive member (A) forms a conductive path that electrically connects the first main surface to the second main surface. The conductive path is in contact with the active material particles (B) around the conductive path.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electrode for lithium ion batteries which exhibits excellent electrical conductivity even if its thickness is large. The electrode for lithium ion batteries of the present invention includes a first main surface to be located adjacent to a separator of a lithium ion battery and a second main surface to be located adjacent to a current collector of the lithium ion battery. The electrode has a thickness of 150 to 5000 ?m. The electrode contains, between the first main surface and the second main surface, a conductive member (A) made of an electronically conductive material and a large number of active material particles (B). At least part of the conductive member (A) forms a conductive path that electrically connects the first main surface to the second main surface. The conductive path is in contact with the active material particles (B) around the conductive path.

Abstract: Described are structural electrode and structural batteries having high energy storage and high strength characteristics and methods of making the structural electrodes and structural batteries. The structural batteries provided can include a liquid electrolyte and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer electrodes comprising metallic tabs. The structural electrodes and structural batteries provided can be molded into a shape of a function component of a device such as ground vehicle or an aerial vehicle.

Abstract: To provide a negative electrode active material for a solid battery capable of suppressing a micro-short circuit in a solid battery resulting in enabling a yield at the time of manufacturing to be improved, and enhancing an energy density of the resulting solid battery, even when a blending amount of the electrode active material is increased, and a solid electrolyte layer is made to be thin, a negative electrode using the active material, and a solid battery. The physical property and the blending proportion of the negative electrode active material to be used for a negative electrode layer are set to predetermined ranges.

Abstract: Provided is an anode particulate for a lithium battery, the particulate comprising a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of primary particles of an anode active material embedded in or in contact with said polymer foam material, wherein said primary particles of anode active material have a total solid volume Va, and said pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1.

Abstract: A compound of Formula 1: Li1+2x?yZn1?xPS4?y??Ay??(1) wherein A is halogen, 0?x?1, 0?y?0.5, and 0???0.5, and wherein the compound of Formula 1 has an body centered cubic crystal structure. Also a lithium battery and an electrode including the compound.

Abstract: Composite electrodes are described herein, comprising a stainless steel substrate and silicon-containing nanostructures extending from the substrate, as well as processes for preparing such electrodes without requiring a catalyst by pre-treatment of the steel. At least a portion of the silicon-containing nanostructures are characterized by: being substantially devoid of a non-silicon catalyst material and/or a noble metal; and/or including along its length a metal constituent originating from the steel substrate; and/or including a metal silicide extending from the substrate and along at least a portion of its length; and/or being fused with at least one other silicon-containing nanostructure at a location removed from a surface of the substrate to form a sponge-like three-dimensional structure; and/or being stainless steel nanostructures having a layer of silicon disposed thereon.

Abstract: Provided is a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell comprising an anode active material layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material layer comprising multiple particulates, wherein at least one of the particulates comprises one or a plurality of sulfur-containing material particles being partially or fully embraced or encapsulated by a thin shell layer of a conducting polymer network, having a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?8 S/cm, an electron conductivity from 10?8 to 103 S/cm at room temperature (typically up to 5×10?2 S/cm), and a shell layer thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 ?m. This battery exhibits an excellent combination of high sulfur content, high sulfur utilization efficiency, high energy density, and long cycle life. Also provided are a powder mass containing such multiple particulates, a cathode layer comprising such multiple particulates, and a method of producing the cathode layer and the battery cell.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte film for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries, and more particularly a composition of a solid electrolyte, a binder, and a solvent used to manufacture a solid electrolyte film for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries that is thin and has high ion conductivity. In particular, a solid electrolyte film composition for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries including a solvent having a dielectric constant of x (1.5<x<3.0). The thickness of a solid electrolyte film for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries manufactured using the solid electrolyte film composition is 60 ?m or less, and the solid electrolyte film is capable of being stably used for at least 1000 hours or more, and up to 2000 hours, based on the evaluation of Li plating and stripping.

Abstract: A battery cells that include sulfide cathodes are described with examples being suitable for operation at elevated temperatures. Also described are methods of making and using these battery cells.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a stacked device structure includes preparing plural device layers each having a glass layer, a metal layer, and a resin layer. The metal layer corresponds to one of plural metal layers. The method further includes stacking the plural device layers to compose stacked device layers; and drilling vertically a hole into the stacked device layers by laser such that the plural metal layers are exposed to the hole and filling conductive material into the hole to connect the plural metal layers.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing multiple particulates, the method comprising: (a) dispersing multiple primary particles of an anode active material, having a particle size from 2 nm to 20 ?m, and particles of a polymer foam material, having a particle size from 50 nm to 20 ?m, and an optional adhesive or binder in a liquid medium to form a slurry; and (b) shaping the slurry and removing the liquid medium to form the multiple particulates having a diameter from 100 nm to 50 ?m; wherein at least one of the multiple particulates comprises a polymer foam material having pores and a single or a plurality of the primary particles embedded in or in contact with the polymer foam material, wherein the primary particles have a total solid volume Va, and the pores have a total pore volume Vp, and the volume ratio Vp/Va is from 0.1/1.0 to 10/1.

Abstract: An electrode for an energy storage device and a method of fabricating such electrode. The electrode includes a plurality of layers of active material defining a layer material structure; and an interlayer material disposed between each adjacent pairs of layer of the active material. The interlayer material is arranged to facilitate a transportation of ions along and/or across the plurality of layers of active material during a charging or a discharging operation of the energy storage device.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium metal secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte-separator assembly disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises: (a) an anode active material layer containing a layer of lithium or lithium alloy optionally supported by an anode current collector; and (b) an anode-protecting layer in physical contact with the anode active material layer and in ionic contact with the electrolyte-separator assembly, having a thickness from 10 nm to 500 ?m and comprising an electrically and ionically conducting network of cross-linked conjugated polymer chains having a lithium ion conductivity from 10?8 to 5×10?2 S/cm and an electron conductivity from 10?8 to 103 S/cm.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery having favorable cycle characteristics and high capacity. A covering layer containing aluminum and a covering layer containing magnesium are provided on a superficial portion of the positive electrode active material. The covering layer containing magnesium exists in a region closer to a particle surface than the covering layer containing aluminum is. The covering layer containing aluminum can be formed by a sol-gel method using an aluminum alkoxide. The covering layer containing magnesium can be formed as follows: magnesium and fluorine are mixed as a starting material and then subjected to heating after the sol-gel step, so that magnesium is segregated.

Abstract: An electrode comprises a manganese oxide compound, one or more additives, and a conductive carbon. The manganese oxide compound has manganese in a valence state that is ?3. The one or more additives can be selected from the group consisting of bismuth, bismuth salt, copper, copper salt, tin, tin salt, lead, lead salt, silver, silver salt, cobalt, cobalt salt, nickel, nickel salt, magnesium, magnesium salt, aluminum, aluminum salt, potassium, potassium salt, lithium, lithium salt, calcium, calcium salt, gold, gold salt, antimony, antimony salt, iron, iron salt, barium, barium salt, zinc and zinc salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite oxide that can achieve a high low-temperature output characteristic, a method for manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode active material in which the generation of soluble lithium is suppressed and a problem of gelation is not caused during the paste preparation. A positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, including a lithium-metal composite oxide powder including a secondary particle configured by aggregating primary particles containing lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt, or a lithium-metal composite oxide powder including both the primary particles and the secondary particle. The secondary particle has a porous structure inside as a main inside structure, the slurry pH is 11.5 or less, the soluble lithium content rate is 0.5[% by mass] or less, the specific surface area is 3.0 to 4.0 [m2/g], and the porosity is more than 50 to 80[%].

Abstract: An object is to provide a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress gelation of a positive electrode mixture paste and can improve stability when a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is manufactured. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a hexagonal layered crystal structure, is represented by general formula (1): Li1+sNixCoyMnzMwBtO2+?, and includes a lithium-metal composite oxide containing a secondary particle with a plurality of aggregated primary particles and a lithium-boron compound present on at least a part of surfaces of the primary particles. The amount of lithium hydroxide that elutes when the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water, measured by a neutralization titration method, is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode active material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode composition usable in a lithium-ion battery, to a process for the preparation of this composition, to such a cathode and to a lithium-ion battery incorporating this cathode. The composition comprises an active material which comprises an alloy of lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxides, an electrically conductive filler and a polymeric binder, and it is such that said polymeric binder comprises at least one modified polymer (Id2) which is the product of a thermal oxidation reaction of a starting polymer and which incorporates oxygenated groups comprising CO groups, the composition being capable of being obtained by the molten route and without evaporation of solvent by being the product of said thermal oxidation reaction applied to a precursor mixture comprising said active material, said electrically conductive filler, said starting polymer and a sacrificial polymer phase.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery comprises a lithium transition metal-based oxide powder, the powder comprising single crystal monolithic particles comprising Ni and Co and having a general formula Li1+a (Niz Mny Cox Zrq Ak)1?a O2, wherein A is a dopant, ?0.025?a<0.005, 0.60?z?0.95, y?0.20, 0.05?x?0.20, k?0.20, 0?q?0.10, and x+y+z+k+q=1. The particles have a cobalt concentration gradient wherein the particle surface has a higher Co content than the particle center.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a positive active material is provided. The method includes forming a positive active material precursor including nickel, mixing and firing the positive active material precursor and lithium salt to form a preliminary positive active material particle, forming a coating material including fluorine on the preliminary positive active material particle by dry-mixing the preliminary positive active material particle with a coating source including fluorine, and manufacturing a positive active material particle by thermally treating the preliminary positive active material particle on which the coating material is formed.

Abstract: A binder solution for an all-solid-state battery, an electrode slurry for an all-solid-state battery including the same and a method of manufacturing an all-solid-state battery using the same, and more particularly to a binder solution for an all-solid-state battery, in which a polymer binder configured such that a non-polar functional group is bonded to the end of a polar functional group is used, whereby the polar functional group is provided by a deprotection mechanism of the polymer binder through a thermal treatment, thus increasing adhesion between electrode materials to thereby improve battery capacity and enabling a wet process to thereby reduce manufacturing costs, an electrode slurry for an all-solid-state battery including the same and a method of manufacturing an all-solid-state battery using the same.

Abstract: To provide an electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having excellent shape retention of an electrode active material layer and exhibiting high cycle durability. An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a current collector and an electrode active material layer arranged on a surface of the current collector, and is used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a liquid volume coefficient of 1.4 or more, in which the electrode active material layer includes an electrode active material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binds the electrode active material in a fibrous form in the electrode active material layer.

Abstract: An energy storage device can include a cathode and an anode, where at least one of the cathode and the anode are made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite binder material including PTFE and at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a PVDF co-polymer, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The energy storage device can be a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion capacitor, and/or any other lithium based energy storage device. The PTFE composite binder material can have a ratio of about 1:1 of PTFE to a non-PTFE component, such a PVDF, PVDF co-polymer and/or PEO.

Abstract: A negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer and an additive. The additive includes a metal sulfide. The additive is distributed in the negative electrode active material layer, and/or distributed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode effectively improves the performance of the lithium ion battery, and greatly improves the capacity and cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A graphene oxide used as a raw material of a conductive additive for forming an active material layer with high electron conductivity with a small amount of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery using the graphene oxide as a conductive additive is provided. The graphene oxide is used as a raw material of a conductive additive in a positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery and, in the graphene oxide, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon is greater than or equal to 0.405.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material and carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte solution includes a non-aqueous solvent, a lithium salt, and tetravinylsilane.

Abstract: A novel electrode is provided. A novel power storage device is provided. A conductor having a sheet-like shape is provided. The conductor has a thickness of greater than or equal to 800 nm and less than or equal to 20 m. The area of the conductor is greater than or equal to 25 mm2 and less than or equal to 10 m2. The conductor includes carbon and oxygen. The conductor includes carbon at a concentration of higher than 80 atomic % and oxygen at a concentration of higher than or equal to 2 atomic % and lower than or equal to 20 atomic %.

Abstract: A plate includes a current collector, an intermediate layer layered on the current collector, and an active material layer layered on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer contains conductive particles and insulating particles. At least a portion of an end edge of the intermediate layer is not covered with the active material layer. The intermediate layer hays a higher mass content of the insulating particles in a region not covered with the active material layer than that in a region covered with the active material layer.

Abstract: This invention discloses membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting catalyst layers and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells. Self-supporting catalyst layers are used as the anode or cathode or both catalyst layers in fuel cells, most particularly as catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Membrane electrode assembly configurations comprising self-supporting catalyst layers in which adjacent gas diffusion layers are absent. The invention also involves membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells containing self-supporting microporous layers and fuel cells containing such membrane electrode assemblies and methods of generating electricity by operating such fuel cells.

Abstract: A solid, ionically conductive, non-electrically conducting polymer material with a plurality of monomers and a plurality of charge transfer complexes, wherein each charge transfer complex is positioned on a monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode comprising organic functional metal oxides, a manufacturing method thereof, a membrane-electrode assembly including the same, and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly, and the electrode comprises a support, catalyst particles supported on the support, organic functional metal oxide nanoparticles supported on the support, and an ionomer positioned on the surface of the support. The electrode improves catalyst performance and durability in a high voltage range, can reduce the amount of a catalyst used and catalyst costs by enabling excellent current density and power density to be obtained even in a state that a relatively small amount of the catalyst is used through an increase in catalyst utilization and uniform dispersion of the catalyst, and improves performance in general and low humidification conditions.

Abstract: A method for printing a flexible printed battery is disclosed. For example, the method includes printing, via a three-dimensional (3D) printer, a first substrate of the flexible thin-film printed battery, printing a first current collector on the first substrate, printing a first layer on the first current collector, printing, via the 3D printer, a second substrate, printing a second current collector on the second substrate, printing a second layer on the second current collector, and coupling the first substrate and the second substrate around a paper separator membrane moistened with an electrolyte that is in contact with the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell apparatus is provided to improve air transfer performance in a fuel cell and disperse a load acting on a gas diffusion layer to improve durability. A flat contact portion is secured with respect to the gas diffusion portion to prevent the gas diffusion layer from being damaged and deformed.

Abstract: A method of making an electrolyte matrix includes: preparing a slurry comprising a support material, a coarsening inhibitor, an electrolyte material, and a solvent; and drying the slurry to form an electrolyte matrix. The support material comprises lithium aluminate, the coarsening inhibitor comprises a material selected from the group consisting of MnO2, Mn2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, Fe2O3, LiFe2O3, and mixtures thereof, and the coarsening inhibitor has a particle size of about 0.005 ?m to about 0.5 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system able to operate reversibly as an SOFC fuel-cell stack or as an SOEC electrolyser. According to the invention, a bypass line or circuit is provided in order to divert if needs be some of the hot gases issued from the chambers referred to as oxygen chambers (anodic chambers in SOEC mode, cathodic chambers in SOFC-stack mode) as this will cool the heat exchanger provided in the circuit through which the oxygen flows.

Abstract: A humidifier includes a humidification part through which supply gas, supplied to a fuel cell, and discharge gas, discharged from the fuel cell, pass, and a water vapor permeable membrane arranged on the humidification part, and a separation part arranged on a part of a passage for the discharge gas upstream of the humidification part. The separation part is configured to separate a liquid from the discharge gas and is connected in series to the humidification part.

Abstract: A water removing system and method of a fuel cell vehicle using impedance are provided. The system measures measure the low frequency impedance of a fuel cell stack when a fuel cell system is stopped in a low temperature condition, and adjusts the air supply amount and supply time for removing the water supercharged into the fuel cell stack using the measured low frequency impedance. Thus, air is prevented from being unnecessarily supercharged into the fuel cell stack and at the same time, the water remaining in the fuel cell stack is removed.

Abstract: A valve is disposed in a reactant gas system apparatus of a fuel cell system. The valve includes a housing having an internal channel as a passage of water, and heaters in the form of rods inserted into the housing. An orifice having a small channel cross sectional area is provided at a predetermined position of the channel. The heaters are inclined from a solenoid of the valve in an axial direction of the housing, and front ends of the heaters are positioned close to the orifice.

Abstract: A method for determining the oxygen surface exchange property of a material in a solid oxide fuel cell. The method begins by first receiving a data stream comprising of continuous weight measurements of the material and time measurements of when the continuous weight measurements of the material are taken. While receiving the data stream an oxygen concentration test is performed which involves: flowing a primary gas flow onto the material while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the primary gas flow to a set temperature, flowing the primary gas flow onto the material at the set temperature, and stopping the primary gas flow and starting a secondary gas flow at the set temperature. This data stream is then displayed analyzing the weight change of the material over time.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments of the novel aircraft fuel cell system without the use of a buffer battery, the fuel cell and compressor would be sized sufficiently larger for the intended application, allowing the compressor to change speeds much faster. This in turn would allow power outputs to change much quicker. If power outputs can change as quickly as the application dictates, then a buffer battery is not necessary. In one or more embodiments, because the system is mostly electronically controlled, software can be written to protect the fuel cell from instantaneous power pikes. If a large power output is suddenly requested of the fuel cell, the software can smooth out the demand curve to provide an easier load profile to follow.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell is provided. The membrane-electrode assembly includes a cathode electrode and an anode electrode which are positioned oppositely to each other; and a polymer electrolyte membrane positioned between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The cathode electrode and the anode electrode each includes an electrode substrate; a micropore layer which is positioned on the electrode substrate; and a first catalyst layer positioned on the micropore layer, at least one of a second catalyst layer is positioned between the first catalyst layer and the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the second catalyst layer includes a reaction inducing material which is a metal or alloy.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane of the present disclosure comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid resin (A), wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane has a phase-separation structure having a phase where fluorine atoms are detected in majority and a phase where carbon atoms are detected in majority, in an image of a membrane surface observed under an SEM-EDX, and the polymer electrolyte membrane has a phase having an average aspect ratio of 1.5 or more and 10 or less in an image of a membrane cross-section observed under an SEM.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides phosphonated polymers that can be used, for example, as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and/or catalyst ionomeric binders for electrodes in PEM fuel cells, and more particularly for high-temperature PEM fuel cells. High-temperature PEM fuel cells that use phosphonated polymers of the present disclosure suffer from reduced or no acid leaching because, in at least some examples, phosphonic acid moieties are covalently bound to the backbone of the polymers. A phosphonated polymer include a backbone having one or more aromatic monomers, with each aromatic monomer having one or more phosphonic acid groups. A phosphonic acid group may include phosphonic acid or a functional group that is hydrolysable into phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A composite including an electrolyte layer containing solid oxide, and at least one electrode selected from a cathode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction and an anode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction. Either one of two surfaces of the composite located on opposite sides in the first direction satisfies a first requirement that, as viewed in the first direction, a curvature determined on the basis of any three points juxtaposed at intervals of 5 mm is less than 0.0013 (l/mm) and that, as viewed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of an imaginary circle passing through the any three points.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide electrochemical devices. In one aspect, a method includes forming an electrode on a metal support of a device with a first proton-conducting ceramic. The metal support comprises an iron-chromium alloy. The first proton-conducting ceramic is in a powder form. An electrolyte layer is formed on the electrode and on the metal support of the device with a second proton-conducting ceramic. The second proton-conducting ceramic is in a powder form. The device is thermally treated at about 1200° C. to 1550° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rechargeable battery system 1, comprising: at least one electrochemical cell 2 adapted for in charge mode to convert one or more gaseous electrochemical reaction reactant(s) 3 into one or more gaseous electrochemical reaction product(s) 4, at least one storage arrangement 5 for storing said gaseous electrochemical reaction reactants and products, wherein at least one of the gaseous electrochemical reaction product(s) 4 is converted to and stored as at least one chemical reaction product(s) 7,11, where said chemical reaction product(s) 7,11 has a lower gas pressure upon formation than the corresponding gaseous electrochemical reaction product(s) 4, a first fluid communication system 12 between the at least one cell and the at least one storage arrangement 5, wherein the first fluid communication system is configured to form a closed system within the battery system, whereby the battery system is adapted to generate an automatic gas flow between the at least one storage arrangement 5

Abstract: A foldable flexible assembling of cells for a lithium-ion battery including: a separator containing an electrolyte; a series of n physically separated negative electrodes located on the first side of the separator and a series of n physically separated positive electrodes located on the second side of the separator; a first current collector including a layer covering continuously the series of negative electrodes so as to ensure electrical connection between all the negative electrodes; and a second current collector including a layer covering continuously the series of positive electrodes so as to ensure electrical connection between all the positive electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode assembly for a secondary battery. The electrode assembly for the secondary battery comprises a radical unit comprising first and second electrode sheets each of which is folded so that both ends thereof overlap each other; and a first separator folded several times and having an upper folded portion into which the first electrode sheet is coupled to be fitted and a lower folded portion into which the second electrode sheet is coupled to be fitted, wherein, in the radical unit, the folded portions of the first and second electrode sheets are cut to form two first electrodes and two second electrodes, which are completely separated from each other, and the first electrode, the first separator, the second electrode, the first separator, the first electrode, the first separator, and the second electrode successively stacked.

Abstract: A battery cell having an electrode assembly having a hollow structure with a hexagonal prism-shaped hole at a center, of which an exterior of the electrode assembly is in a shape of a hexagonal prism, and a cell case in which the electrode assembly is received, of which an exterior of the cell case is in a shape of a hexagonal prism is provided.