Abstract: Described herein is an exhaust air pollution elimination device configured for attachment to an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine for removing pollutants from an exhaust flow. The device comprising multiple stages configured to both power the operation of the device and treat the exhaust flow. The device configured for installation in line with existing exhaust piping and through a pair of connecting rings. The multiple stages of the device including an electrostatic precipitator, a thermoelectric generator, an electromagnetic induction device, and a second container including a UV light source and micro fibrous mesh containing titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A hybrid module is configured for arrangement in a torque path upstream from a transmission and downstream from an internal combustion engine. The hybrid module includes an electric motor and a clutch. The electric motor includes a rotor and a rotor carrier supporting the rotor. The hybrid module also includes a damper assembly fixed to the rotor carrier. The clutch is configured for selectively coupling the damper assembly to a shaft drivingly coupled to the internal combustion engine. The damper assembly includes an output configured for connecting to an input shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: A powertrain system including a first housing, a first electric motor that drives a first wheel, a first inverter coupled to the first electric motor, a first gear reducer coupled to the first electric motor. The first gear reducer couples to a first wheel. The powertrain system also includes a second electric motor that drives a second wheel, a second inverter coupled to the second electric motor, a second gear reducer coupled to the second electric motor. The second gear reducer couples to a second wheel. The housing houses the first electric motor, the first inverter, the first gear reducer, the second electric motor, second inverter, and the second gear reducer.

Abstract: A drive train system includes at least one internal combustion engine, at least one generator driven by the internal combustion engine for generating electrical energy, at least one electrical machine electrically connected to the generator, at least one driven front axle and at least one driven rear axle, an automatic or manual transmission located between the internal combustion engine and the respective axles, and at least one epicyclic gear unit. Each of the at least one drive front axle and at least one drive rear axle includes output means and is driven by the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes a battery pack provided below a floor panel, a floor tunnel provided on the floor panel and protruding upward, and a reinforcement member fixed to a lower surface of the floor panel below an apex section of the floor tunnel and extending in a vehicle width direction, wherein a routing member is provided between the reinforcement member and the floor tunnel.

Abstract: Hybrid vehicles and methods of operating the same are disclosed. Example methods may include providing a powertrain for the vehicle, which includes an internal combustion engine configured to provide rotational power to a rotatable input of a transmission by way of a starting device, and an electric motor-generator comprising a rotor configured to selectively provide rotational power to the rotatable input. The method may further include selectively disconnecting the engine from the rotatable input using a disconnect device separate from the starting device, thereby allowing the rotatable input of the transmission to be driven at a speed faster than an output speed of the engine.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a vehicle includes a vehicle driving control portion configured to permit reverse driving of the vehicle in a reverse direction while the automatic transmission is placed in a forward-drive low-speed gear position, with the motor/generator being operated in a negative direction to generate a negative torque, and a transmission shifting control portion configured to implement a control for promotion to establish the forward-drive low-speed gear position, when switching from forward driving of the vehicle to its reverse driving of the vehicle is required in the process of a shifting action of the automatic transmission to the forward-drive low-speed gear position. The transmission shifting control portion implements the control for promotion to establish the forward-drive low-speed gear position, according to a state of control of the engaging-side coupling device to be brought into its engaged state for establishing the forward-drive low-speed gear position.

Abstract: A vehicle drive device that includes a case forming a first accommodating space that accommodates a speed change device and a second accommodating space that accommodates a rotary electric machine; an storage that is disposed under the first accommodating space and stores oil; a hydraulic pump including a suction that suctions the oil from the oil storage; a first oil passage that supplies the oil discharged by the hydraulic pump to the speed change device as hydraulic oil; a second oil passage that supplies the oil discharged by the hydraulic pump to the rotary electric machine as cooling oil; and a third oil passage that returns the oil supplied to the rotary electric machine, from the second accommodating space to the oil storage, by allowing the oil to flow in a direction from the second accommodating space toward the first accommodating space.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a braking a vehicle. In one example, the braking system includes a friction braking system, a regenerative braking system, and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is communicatively coupled to the friction braking system and the regenerative braking system. The electronic processor is configured to receive a driver brake request and determine a brake failure state. The brake failure state indicates a brake failure. In response to determining the brake failure state, the electronic processor applies a braking force based on the driver brake request. The braking force includes a frictional braking force generated by the friction braking system and a regenerative braking force generated by the regenerative braking system.

Abstract: An electric vehicle comprises: an electric drive unit including an electric motor used as a drive power source, a transaxle including a differential device and coupled to a motor shaft of the electric motor in a power transmittable manner on one end side of the electric motor in a direction of a motor centerline to transmit an output of the electric motor through the differential device to a pair of drive shafts, and a case housing the electric motor and the transaxle. The case includes a first end surface portion located on the other end side of the electric motor in the motor centerline direction and rotatably supporting the motor shaft, and an accessory component of the vehicle is attached to an outside surface of the first end surface portion.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for a control system that includes a current command module configured to receive a torque command and output a current command for controlling a direct current (DC) motor, and a regenerative current limiting module configured to receive a regenerative current limit as an input and actively compute a motor current limit based on the regenerative current limit, the regenerative current limiting module configured to limit the current command based on the motor current limit.

Abstract: A hybrid drive module for a motor vehicle is provided. The hybrid drive module includes a planetary gear stage with a sun gear, a ring gear, a planetary gear carrier and at least one planetary gear that is rotatably mounted with respect to the planetary gear carrier. The hybrid drive module also includes an electric drive machine having a stator and a rotor. The ring gear and the rotor, and the planetary gear carrier and a separation clutch can be connected in a torque-conducting manner. The separation clutch is configured to interrupt the torque transfer to the planetary gear carrier, and the ring gear is arranged in the radial and axial directions at least in sections inside the rotor. The planetary gear carrier is mounted with the axial bearing and the radial bearing in a rotatable manner with respect to the housing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for customizing a removable filter in an air purifier. The removable filter may comprise multiple filter types, and the combination and characteristics of the filter types can be varied based on air-quality requirements. In some instances, the composition of a new filter can be determined based on data obtained from analysis of used filters. Additionally, filters can be personalized based on an individual user's health data, geographic location, and regional and local air-quality characteristics.

Abstract: A vehicle drive apparatus includes a connection/disconnection sleeve wherein a lubricating pipe is provided above the connection/disconnection sleeve and has a discharge port through which a lubricating oil is discharged, the drive gear is relatively rotatably supported by the input shaft via a bearing portion provided on the drive gear, and the connection/disconnection sleeve includes a first guide portion guiding the lubricating oil discharged from the discharge port of the lubricating pipe to a tooth surface of the drive gear when the connection/disconnection sleeve is in a first position so as to connect the drive gear and the input shaft; and a second guide portion guiding the lubricating oil discharged from the discharge port of the lubricating pipe to the bearing portion when the connection/disconnection sleeve is in a second position so as to disconnect the drive gear and the input shaft.

Abstract: A transmission of a motor driving vehicle, may include an input shaft connected to a driving motor and including a first clutch and a second clutch, a planetary gear set including a first rotation element directly connected to the input shaft, a second rotation element connected to the input shaft through the first clutch, and a third rotation element being able to be restrained from rotation, a gear pair configured to transmit power to the output shaft through the planetary gear set, a gear pair configured to transmit power to the input shaft without change, and additional clutches configured to control connection of the gear pairs and connection of rotation elements of the planetary gear set.

Abstract: An electrified multiple speed ratio transmission for mounting to an external power-source and transmitting a power-source torque therefrom includes an input member configured to receive the power-source torque. The transmission also includes a torque transfer system configured to receive the power-source torque from the input member and select an input-to-output speed ratio of the transmission. The transmission additionally includes an electric motor operatively connected to the torque transfer system and configured to apply an electric motor torque input thereto. Furthermore, the transmission also includes an output member operatively connected to the torque transfer system and configured to receive the power-source torque and the electric motor torque input therefrom and output a sum of the power-source torque and the electric motor torque input to drive a load. A vehicle having such an electrified multiple speed ratio transmission is also envisioned.

Abstract: An inverter for driving a motor of a vehicle mediating between a battery and a driving motor is disclosed. The inverter includes a power storage module, a power module, and a cooling module. The power storage module is configured to be supplied with power from the battery. The power module is configured to be supplied with power from the power storage module to transfer the power to the driving motor. The cooling module is configured to be installed between the power storage module and the power module to simultaneously cool the power storage module and the power module.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic hybrid-power driving system, comprising an engine, a first motor, a second motor, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, and a hydraulic control shift set that is connected to the engine. The first motor is axially connected to the engine, the second motor is axially connected to the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set, and the first planetary gear set is coaxially connected to the second planetary gear set. The hydraulic control shift set includes a first gear and a second gear, a dual wet clutch is disposed between the first gear and the second gear, and the first gear, the second gear, and the dual wet clutch are coaxially connected to the engine. The present invention by disposing a specific electro-hydraulic hybrid-power driving system, different working modes can be implemented according to different requirements.

Abstract: When an accelerator operating speed is greater than a quick depression threshold value, a start threshold value is set to a value that is smaller than a selection threshold value between a single-drive mode and a double-drive mode in an EV drive mode. Then, when a required torque becomes greater than the start threshold value, an engine is started.

Abstract: A transmission system for hybrid propulsion vehicles comprises a torque convertor, an external output shaft of the torque convertor which is rigidly connected to the output of the convertor and an internal output shaft which is rigidly connected to the input of the convertor, a gearbox which can be selectively connected to drive wheels of the vehicle, a main coupling member for selectively transmitting the movement of the external shaft to the gearbox, an electric motor which can be selectively operated as a motor and as an electrical generator. The transmission system further comprises a downstream coupling member and an upstream coupling member which are arranged upstream and downstream of the torque convertor, respectively, and which are capable of selectively connecting the rotor element to the external shaft and the internal shaft, respectively.

Abstract: Systems and/or methods for controlling dual motor-dual clutch powertrains for HEV and PHEV vehicles are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed comprising: determining the state of charge (SOC) of said batteries; determining the speed of the vehicle; if the SOC is greater than a given first threshold, selecting a charge-depleting operational mode of said vehicle; during operation of said vehicle, if the SOC is less than a given second threshold, selecting a charge-sustaining operating mode of said vehicle. In another embodiment, a system having a controller that operates the powertrain according to various embodiments is disclosed.

Abstract: A climate-control system for a vehicle, comprising a controller in communication with a chiller configured to cool a vehicle battery and an evaporator configured to cool a vehicle cabin. The controller is configured to output a target chiller-pump speed based upon a difference between a battery coolant temperature and a target-battery coolant temperature to mitigate a temperature swing of air entering the cabin, and limiting the target chiller-pump speed in response to an available capacity of the chiller.

Abstract: When an abnormality occurs in a first voltage sensor that detects a voltage of a power line on a high voltage side or a second voltage sensor that detects a voltage of a power line on a low voltage side, an estimated voltage of the power line on the high voltage side is calculated based on a detected current of a reactor that is detected by a current sensor that detects a current of the reactor as the detected current, and a step-up converter is controlled using the estimated voltage of the power line on the high voltage side.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a hybrid vehicle may include a planetary gear set as a torque branching device disposed on the same axis with the engine; and a final reduction device having a final reduction gear receiving a torque of the engine and a torque of the second motor/generator, wherein, the torque of the engine is delivered to the final reduction gear through the planetary gear set, an intermediate shaft, and an output gear formed on an output shaft, and the torque of the second motor/generator is delivered to the final reduction gear through a shifting device facilitating multi-stages of torque transmission.

Abstract: Provided is a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle, a clutch being provided in a power transmission path leading from an engine to drive wheels, the clutch transmitting torque between the engine and the drive wheels when engaged, the clutch interrupting the transmission of torque between the engine and the drive wheels, the control apparatus including an ECU configured to execute drive control for consuming electric power of a storage device by driving a first motor, when the clutch is kept in a released state and the clutch cannot be engaged and an amount of electrical charge of the storage device is higher than a prescribed first threshold value.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a ratio of friction to regenerative brake effort and running an electric air conditioning compressor to collect condensed water for water injection into an engine. In one example, a method may include adjusting the air conditioning compressor load of the electric AC system and the ratio of friction to regenerative brake effort based on a water level in a water storage tank of the water injection system. Further, the method may include directing energy from regenerative braking to a battery and/or to the AC compressor in response to the battery state of charge.

Abstract: The metallic case of a power conversion apparatus includes a casing having a side wall, as well as an upper case and a lower case, a first area being formed between a cooling jacket provided at the inner periphery of the side wall and the lower case, the metal base plate dividing the first area between the cooling jacket and the upper case into a lower side second area and an upper side third area, first and second power modules being fastened to a top surface and a capacitor module being provided in the first area, driving circuits that drive inverter circuits of the power modules respectively being provided in the second area, and a control circuit that controls the driver circuits being provided in the third area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exhaust heat recovery apparatus for a vehicle, in which a heat accumulator has improved heat accumulation performance and heat exchange performance, whereby an engine can be rapidly warmed up in a cold start so that fuel efficiency can be enhanced, a pollutant emission rate can be reduced, and it is possible to heat a passenger compartment immediately after the engine starts.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a start of an engine may include the engine, a first motor connected to a crankshaft by a first connecting device to start the engine, a main battery supplying a start power to the first motor, a controller configured to monitor components of a vehicle according to a start command for the engine to generate diagnostic information and generating a reverse charging control command to supply the reverse charging power to the main battery as the determination result of the diagnostic information, and an auxiliary battery supplying the reverse charging power to the main battery according to the reverse charging control command.

Abstract: A control pilot (CP) signal detection method for a vehicle charger includes: counting CP signals based on signal levels of the CP signals during a set period of time, when an input of the CP signals is detected while an ignition of a vehicle is turned off; determining whether a count of high-level CP signals among the CP signals is within a reference range, when the set period of time elapses; and outputting state information of the CP signals based on the determination of whether the count of high-level CP signals is within the reference range.

Abstract: A charge gun and an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) are provided. The charge gun includes at least one charging terminal, a ground terminal, a control pilot terminal and an over temperature detecting circuit. The charging terminal is configured to be electrically coupled to an electric vehicle to charge the electric vehicle. The ground terminal is electrically coupled to an equipment ground. The control pilot terminal is configured to transmit a control pilot signal between the charge gun and the electric vehicle. The over-temperature detecting circuit is electrically coupled between the ground terminal and the control pilot terminal. The over-temperature detecting circuit includes a temperature sensor and a resistance of temperature sensor changes correspondingly when a temperature of the charge gun exceeds a safety limit value.

Abstract: A method for controlling a plurality of injectors installed in the same cylinder of an engine may include determining whether an electrical failure occurred in any of the injectors, and entering a fail-safe mode when an electrical failure has occurred only in one of the plurality of injectors in the same cylinder. In the fail-safe mode, fuel supply to an injector that has experienced an electrical failure is cut off, and the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder by a normally operating injector is increased.

Abstract: A power generation control device is provided for a hybrid vehicle that prevents discomfort to an occupant in a traveling scenario in which stops and starts are repeated. The power generation control device includes a power generation controller that selectively carries out series power generation and idle power generation. In series power generation, a first motor/generator is used as the drive source and electric power is generated in a second motor/generator by an internal combustion engine. In idle power generation, electric power is generated in the second motor/generator by the internal combustion engine while the vehicle is stopped. The power generation controller sets a series power generation start threshold of the battery at which series power generation is started, and an idle power generation start threshold of the battery at which idle power generation is started. The series and idle power generation start thresholds are the same value.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an engine, a motor, and a belt stepless speed changer device having a driving rotary body, a driven rotary body, a first shaft member supporting the driving rotary body with allowing rotation thereof in unison, a second shaft member supporting the driven rotary body with allowing rotation thereof in unison, and an endless belt wound around the driving rotary body and the driven rotary body. The vehicle further includes a transmission case configured to receive the powers from the engine and the motor via the belt stepless speed changer device and a centrifugal clutch incorporated in a power transmission line extending form the engine to the first shaft member. The motor is disposed on the side opposite the engine across the driving rotary body, and the driving power of the motor is inputted to the first shaft member.

Abstract: A diagnostic device for checking a control signal wire between a controller of a motor vehicle and a charging port for a battery of the motor vehicle located on the motor vehicle side is disclosed, wherein on the charging port side, a first resistor is provided in the controller connecting the control signal wire to chassis ground, and a second resistor connected in parallel to the first resistor is provided. An evaluation device of the controller has a current source and/or a voltage source for supplying an electric current and/or a voltage independent of a charging process, and is configured to measure an electric current indicating a defect in the control signal wire, or a voltage indicating a defect in the control signal wire, utilizing the first and the second resistor.

Abstract: A regenerative controller for an electric motor includes: a wheel rotation detection unit provided on a vehicle and detecting a rotation amount of a wheel that is driven via a crank rotated by human power; a crank rotation detection unit that detects a rotation amount of the crank; and a controller that calculates a first value based on the rotation amount of the wheel, a second value based on the rotation amount of the crank, and a control parameter based on at least the second value among the first value and the second value for regenerative control of a power storage device regeneratively charged by an electric motor that supplies driving power to the wheel, the controller controlling a regeneration amount of the electric motor in accordance with the control parameter.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and method of operation, which include an engine and an electric machine and storage battery coupled to power electronics, and a compressor and a chiller each having cooling capacities and coupled to refrigerant and coolant distribution and thermal management systems. The HEV also includes one or more controllers configured to charge the battery, and to adjust and control a charge-rate and cabin, battery, and coupled power electronics temperatures. The temperatures and charge-rate are controlled according to cooling needs established from a predetermined cabin temperature and charge-time, and actual temperatures of the cabin, battery, and power electronics. The charge-rate is increased, reducing the charge-time, as the predetermined cabin temperature is increased to reduce cabin cooling need.

Abstract: A damping control device for a hybrid vehicle is provided that make it possible to suppress behavior that differs from a request of a driver. The damping control device includes a controller that calculates an amount of change in a target driving torque, and calculates an amount of change in a target motor torque. The damping control device also includes a damping rate variation unit that sets the damping of a feed forward control unit to a first damping rate when the target driving torque change amount and the target motor torque change amount both are positive or negative, and to a second damping rate, which is smaller than the first damping rate, when the target driving torque change amount and the target motor torque change amount have opposite positivity or negativity.

Abstract: A method of controlling launch of a vehicle, may include setting step in which a controller sets a basic target engine speed; a transient control step in which the controller controls a clutch torque based on the basic target engine speed; a transient state determining step in which the controller determines, whether a transition period of change of the engine speed elapsed; a first correction amount determination step in which the controller determines a correction amount; a correction applying step in which the controller adds the correction amount to the predetermined target engine speed and then determines a final target engine speed; an error determination step in which the controller determines the engine speed control error; and a feedback determination step in which the controller uses the engine speed control error and determines a feedback control amount for feedback-controlling a clutch actuator.

Abstract: An electronic package connectable to an electric machine. The electronic package includes a support structure with a first axial end engaged with the electric machine. The support structure circumscribes the central axis and defines radially inner and outer wall surfaces. Power modules are disposed on and circumferentially distributed about the radially outer wall surface and include a power electronics device. Each module includes a phase terminal coupled with the power electronics device and disposed radially outwardly of the radially outer wall surface. The support structure defines a plurality of voids extending between the radially inner and outer wall surfaces. Each of the power modules are positioned proximate a separate one of the voids. Each void has a phase lead extending therethrough. Each phase lead is connected to a phase terminal and conductively couples it with a stator winding. An electric machine having an electronic package is also disclosed.

Abstract: A brake modulator controls actuation of front and rear brakes, and includes a collision possibility determining unit, an automatic brake control unit, and a brake operation determining unit. When the collision possibility determining unit determines that there is a possibility of collision, and the brake operation determining unit determines that brake operation by a driver is absent, the automatic brake control unit first actuates only the rear brake to generate a rear wheel braking force, and also actuates the front brake 2 to generate a front wheel braking force.

Abstract: A method for determining performance of a battery for a mild hybrid electric vehicle may include detecting a speed of the mild hybrid electric vehicle, a position value of an accelerator pedal, a position value of a brake pedal, and a state of charge (SOC) of the battery, determining whether a regenerative braking condition is satisfied, determining a demand braking amount of a driver, determining a regenerative braking allowance, operating a mild hybrid starter and generator (MHSG) to generate regenerative braking torque corresponding to the regenerative braking allowance, determining a target SOC increment amount, determining an actual SOC increment amount, and determining that the performance of the battery is deteriorated when a difference in value between the target SOC increment amount and the actual SOC increment amount is equal to or greater than a reference value.

Abstract: A vehicle propulsion system includes a plurality of power sources coupled to a final drive of the vehicle propulsion system. A controller is programmed to determine a desired power demand from the power sources and operate a number of the power sources to produce the desired power demand. The controller identifies a least efficient power source of the power sources and controls the least efficient power source to produce power at an optimum operating point of the least efficient power source. The controller also identifies a power output of the least efficient power source corresponding to the optimum operating point, compares the power output of the least efficient power source to the desired power demand, identifies a remaining power demand from the comparison, and controls another power source to produce the remaining power demand.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a vehicle with a drive system comprising a power unit configuration adapted to provide output for the vehicle's operation, and further comprising a planetary gear and a first and second electrical machine, connected to components in the planetary gear via their rotors, a locking means is moved from a locked position, in which two of the planetary gear's components are locked together, so that the three components of the planetary gear rotate with the same speed, to a release position, when the vehicle is driven with the locking means in a locked position, by carrying out the following method steps. The power unit configuration is controlled in order to achieve torque balance between the components that are locked together by the locking means, and such locking means are moved into a release position, when said torque balance prevails.

Abstract: A method for controlling a mild hybrid electric vehicle includes steps of: detecting data regarding the mild hybrid electric vehicle; determining a target torque of an engine according to the detected data; determining whether knocking of the engine occurs according to the detected data; determining a retardation amount of an ignition timing when it is determined that the knocking occurs; comparing the retardation amount of the ignition timing with a value; determining a loss amount of a combustion torque of the engine according to the retardation amount of the ignition timing when the retardation amount of the ignition timing is equal to or greater than the value; determining a target torque of a mild hybrid starter & generator (MHSG) according to the target torque of the engine and the loss amount of the combustion torque of the engine; and operating the MHSG to generate the target torque of the MHSG.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a powertrain and at least one controller programmed to, in response to a brake request and a shaft speed associated with a speed of the vehicle achieving a starting speed that is defined by a torque of the powertrain that changes with brake demand at a given shaft speed, reduce a regenerative torque limit that constrains regenerative braking torque over a blend-out duration based on the shaft speed.

Abstract: In an engine starting system, a first controller activates, in response to a driver's starting request, a first starting device to rotate the rotating shaft of an engine. A second controller is communicably connected to the first controller. The second controller recognizes rotation of the rotor of a second starting device resulting from an activation of the first starting device. The second controller starts a power running operation of the second starting device based on the recognition of the rotation of the rotor. The first controller determines whether the power running operation of the second starting device has been started. The first controller deactivates, when it is determined that the power running operation has been started, the first starting device before a rotational angular position of the rotating shaft of the engine arrives at a compression top dead center of the engine.

Abstract: A vehicle grille shutter assembly is provided that may include first and second louvers and a drive link. The first louver may be mounted for rotation about a first rotational axis. The second louver may be mounted for rotation about a second rotational axis. The first and second rotational axes may be angled relative to each other. The drive link may be connected to the first and second louvers and may transmit rotational motion of the first louver to the second louver.

Abstract: Inverterless running control is control in which an inverter is set to a gate cut-off state, an engine is driven to mechanically rotate a motor-generator and to generate in the motor-generator, counter-electromotive torque in accordance with a difference between a counter-electromotive voltage of the motor-generator and a system voltage, and a vehicle runs with drive torque applied to an output shaft as reaction force of the counter-electromotive torque. An ECU controls drive torque to produce driving force determined by an accelerator position by raising or lowering the system voltage during inverterless running control.

Abstract: An adaptive control device is provided for a vehicle starting clutch. The adaptive control device includes a reverse brake as the starting clutch, and a clutch adaptive controller. The reverse brake is interposed between an engine and motor/generator, and the left and right rear wheels and is slip-engaged at a time of starting. The clutch adaptive controller performs clutch adaptive control, in which the reverse brake is subjected to a state in which a temperature of the reverse brake is at, or above, a second threshold for a timed period, at least one time before a vehicle begins to move.