Abstract: It is intended to provide a method for easily detecting a phosphorylated peptide (protein) in a test sample by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which has been conventionally employed in analyzing a protein; a polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis to be used in the method; a method of producing the gel; and a synthesizing intermediate in producing the gel. The polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis to be used in the method of the invention is characterized in that at least a part of the structure thereof has a structure represented by the following formula (I); wherein M2+represents a transition metal ion; and X represents a linker group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward methods of selectively functionalizing carbon nanotubes of a specific type or range of types, based on their electronic properties, using diazonium chemistry. The present invention is also directed toward methods of separating carbon nanotubes into populations of specific types or range(s) of types via selective functionalization and electrophoresis, and also to the novel compositions generated by such separations.

Abstract: According to a first aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for effecting electrophoresis of biomolecules in non immersed gels, comprising means (2, 3, 4) for applying an electrical potential to the gel medium, means (5, 6, 7) for sensing the effective electrical field strength in the gel medium, and means (8) for altering the applied electrical potential in response to the sensed, effective electrical field strength in the gel medium. The invention also relates to an electrophoresis method in which the electrical potential applied to the gel medium is automatically controlled.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems, arrangements, and techniques for electrophoretic deposition of a plating material on a surface of a substrate. Example systems may include one or more of a substrate for receiving the plating material, a gel, a source element, and a conductive layer.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting electrophoresis therein includes a chamber with a gel matrix. The chamber has a first sealed region and a second sealed region, and an anode within the first sealed region of the chamber and in contact with the gel matrix, and a cathode within the second sealed region and in contact with the gel matrix. At least one of the electrodes also provides ions for driving the electrophoresis. The apparatus further includes a matrix with at least one sparingly water-soluble salt.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and kits for labeling tetracysteine-tagged proteins with biarsenical fluorophores with increased specificity, including compositions, methods and kits particularly adapted for labeling of tetracysteine-tagged proteins to be resolved within an electrophoresis gel.

Abstract: A method for enriching a mutant nucleic acid in a mixture of nucleic acids, wherein the method comprises: (a) providing a nucleic acid mixture comprising a parental nucleic acid and a mutant nucleic acid of the parental nucleic acid; and (b) amplifying the nucleic acids in the nucleic acid mixture by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); wherein the mutant nucleic acid is a G?A mutant of the parental nucleic acid, which pairs with a fully complementary nucleic acid sequence to form an AT-rich nucleic acid variant of the parental nucleic acid; and wherein the AT-rich nucleic acid variant is denatured and selectively amplified by carrying out PCR using a denaturation temperature 1-3° C. lower than the lowest denaturation temperature (Tp) that allows amplification of the parental nucleic acid to thereby enrich the mutant nucleic acid in the nucleic acid mixture.

Abstract: An improved staining method is described for staining a biopolymer such as a peptide, a protein, an RNA, a DNA, an oligosaccharide or a complex containing a peptide, a protein, an RNA, a DNA, or an oligosaccharide in a matrix. The method includes the step of moving a staining reagent into the matrix using an electric force. The staining time can be dramatically reduced relative to conventional technologies. The improved staining method can particularly be used, for example, to stain proteins after gel separation. Other related methods and related kits are also described.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously co-purifying and concentrating nucleic acid and protein targets is described. The method includes automation of the entire sample preparation process, performed by having an analyst add a sample into a device that performs all of the steps necessary to prepare a sample for analysis. The method provides for samples that are not split during the sample preparation process and where common purification methods can be used for purifying multiple analytes.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the assessment of T cell receptor variable subunits. The present invention provides nucleotide sequences for the evaluation of the expression of TCRV families. These nucleotides sequences were obtained through a bioinformatic investigation of the nucleotide sequences for TCRVa? and TCRV? families. The nucleotide sequences of the present invention uniquely recognize each and every subfamily and allelic member of a particular TCRV family, while at the same time not recognizing the members of any other TCRV family. This unique expression recognition profile of the nucleotide sequences of the present invention provides great utility for the assessment of TCR families in a clinical setting, such as through polymerase chain reactions, gene chip technology, and direct electrophoretic measurement of DNA or RNA.

Abstract: Methods for detecting one or more analytes, such as a protein, in a fluid path are provided. The methods include resolving, immobilizing and detecting one or more analytes in a fluid path, such as a capillary. Also included are devices and kits for performing such assays.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods related to drug development. The methods typically include steps whereby an existing drug is modified to obtain a derivative form or whereby an analog of an existing drug is identified in order to obtain a new therapeutic agent that preferably has a higher efficacy and fewer side effects than the existing drug.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protocol for pre-staining a protein prior to electrophoresis, an electrophoresis method including the protocol, and a kit for carrying out the protocol. The protocol comprises the steps of incubating the protein sample with a pyrylium dye in the presence of a buffer, a detergent and a denaturing agent.

Abstract: Fertility problems affect (1 in 10) couples in Western society, making it one of the most common serious health issues. Despite this, little is known about the causes of infertility, and thus patient counseling and treatment are suboptimal. With infertility being such a common problem, identification of any cause would impact on a large number of patients, allowing better counseling, clearer diagnoses and the possibility of making more informed choices (e.g. adoption vs. IVF treatment). The present invention provides methods to identify a cause of infertility in a subject based on the genotype of the subject, in particular, by evaluating the status of the gene encoding FK506 binding protein-like (FKBPL). In particular, the present invention relates to use of the status of the gene encoding FK506 binding protein-like for identification of a cause of an infertile phenotype in a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assay for discriminating between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and patients with ALS-like disorders that express symptoms like ALS. The method is based on the use of 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to separate the complex mixture of proteins found in blood serum, the quantitation of a group of identified biomarkers, and the biostatistical analysis of the concentration of the identified biomarkers to differentiate patients having ALS from patients having other ALS-like disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting a polymorphism or mutation in nucleic acid comprising a first phase to amplify or enrich for a sequence comprising a polymorphism or mutation and a second phase for detecting the polymorphism or mutation, wherein both phases are performed in the same reaction vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus and method employing gel electrophoresis and optical imaging techniques to measure the amount of biomaterial that attaches to specified locations on a detector slide and to determine the molecular weight of the molecules at those locations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing separation of molecules, in particular biomolecules such as nucleic acids and peptides, are disclosed. The method comprises separating molecules by a first characteristic along a linear dimension of a channel, and separating the molecules by a second characteristic along the same linear dimension, with the rust and second separations being carried out within at least partially overlapping sections of the channel. The two separations may then be combined to give a virtual two-dimensional separation which is carried out in a single dimensional real space. The method may also include detecting molecules during the second separation, preferably using an intrinsic characteristic of the molecules for example UV absorbance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for sample application and separation. More closely, the invention relates to convenient direct loading of a biomolecule sample via magnetic beads to, for example, a gel before electrophoresis. In this way, the invention combines elution and application steps with minimal losses of sample. Thus, the invention relates to a method for sample application of biomolecules on a separation media, comprising the following steps: a) obtaining said biomolecules from a sample by magnetic beads; b) applying the magnetic beads with the biomolecules to a separation medium; c) releasing the biomolecules into the separation media, and d) separation of the biomolecules from each other in the separation medium.

Abstract: Provided are a biomolecule detection device, a mobile phone for biomolecule detection, and a biomolecule detection method. The biomolecule detection device includes an electrophoresis unit comprising an electrophoretic gel filtering erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood and transferring proteins and DNAs in the blood, and at least one type of a probe biomolecule, immobilized in the electrophoretic gel, reacting with a target biomolecule; a conversion unit converting a result of a reaction between the target biomolecule and the probe biomolecule to an electrical signal; and a lead-out unit receiving, converting, and transmitting the electrical signal.

Abstract: Methods for distinguishing between cotton cultivars of a specific species by analyzing a sample of mature cotton fibers from raw cotton materials or from textile goods are disclosed. DNA is extracted from the mature cotton fiber sample and subjected to PCR techniques which enable the identification of the cultivar of a particular cotton species utilized in the textile or cotton material of interest.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting electrophoresis therein includes a chamber with a gel matrix. The chamber has a first sealed region and a second sealed region, and an anode within the first sealed region of the chamber and in contact with the gel matrix, and a cathode within the second sealed region and in contact with the gel matrix. At least one of the electrodes also provides ions for driving the electrophoresis. The apparatus further includes a matrix with at least one sparingly water-soluble salt.

Abstract: A directional conductivity nanocomposite material, apparatuses and processes for making such material are generally described. A directional conductivity nanocomposite material may comprise a supporting material such as ceramic or polymer, with directionally conductive nanorod structures running through the supporting material. The material may be made by orienting nanorods in an electrophoretic gel using an electrical or magnetic field to align the nanorods, removing the gel, reinforcing the nanorods, and flowing in supporting material.

Abstract: Described herein are methods that can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cellular proliferation. Also described herein are methods that can be used to screen candidate bioactive agents for the ability to modulate cellular proliferation. Additionally, methods and molecular targets (genes and their products) for therapeutic intervention in cancers are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of scanning an electrophoretic gel after electrophoresis of fluorescence labelled samples, comprising inserting the gel into a separate low fluorescent scanning unit, in the shape of a gel folder or a frame, and scanning the gel inside the gel folder or frame with a fluorescence scanner. Any gel may be scanned but if the gel is provided with a gel adherent backing the backing is first removed in a first step. The gel folder may be sealed after scanning for future analysis of the gel. The invention also relates to gel folders and frames as well as a kit with these and a hydrogel. The invention also relates to the use of these for scanning of electrophoretic gels.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods useful in the labeling and identification of changes in protein levels, changes in enzyme activity, and changes in protein modification. The invention provides for highly soluble optical labeling molecules which are optionally cleavable after separation of mixtures of labeled proteins into components. These optical labeling molecules find utility in a variety of applications, including use in the field of proteomics.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for selective electrokinetic separation. In an embodiment, a local gate electric field is applied to a voltage-gated nanochannel filled with an aqueous solution. Additionally, a surface charge may be present on the walls of the nanochannel. This local gate electric field shows a selective quenching feature of ionic density and behaves as a potential shield against selective charge from entering the nanochannel while facilitating transport of the opposite charge. Embodiments of the subject method can also be used to enhance osmotic diffusion of selective electrolytes through biological cells. Specific embodiments can be useful as a biosensor since most biological cells contain an aqueous solution. A surface charge and local gate electric field can be applied to a biological cell to selectively separate molecules, such as proteins or ions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a gel for use in electrophoresis, which method comprises: (a) providing a mixture comprising a solvent, agarose or a derivative thereof, one or more vinyl monomers, and a polymerisation initiator, the initiator forming a redox system with agarose or the derivative thereof; (b) exposing the mixture to polymerisation conditions to graft-polymerise the one or more monomers onto the agarose or derivative thereof; and (c) allowing the mixture to form a gel.

Abstract: An electrophoresis gel matrix is provided for conducting proteomics, in particular the steps of separating and/or identifying proteins. The matrix comprises at least one chemical reagent being at least one of a denaturing, buffering, disaggregating, reducing, staining or dissolving reagent, and a volume of dimethylsulfoxide. The use of such a matrix, which is provided to be filled into an electrophoresis capillary being part of a microfluidic device for carrying out proteomics, leads to an enhanced resolution of proteins. The matrix is prepared adding a volume of dimethylsulfoxide ranging from 4% to 15%, preferably from 5% to 10%, most preferably from 6% to 8% with respect to the total volume of chemical reagents being comprised in the matrix. A method is provided for preparation of the matrix for conducting proteomics and a method is conducted to carry out proteomics by the use of this matrix.

Abstract: An electroblotting cassette is formed in three separable parts—an upper plate, a lower plate, and a base that receives both plates, with electrodes mounted on both the upper and lower plates. The cassette accommodates transfer stacks of different thicknesses by its inclusion of a set of raised areas, known as “lands,” on the floor of the base and a set of inverse lands on the underside of the lower electrode plate, the two sets being spatially arranged to either abut each other or be offset from each other, depending on the orientation of the lower plate, thereby allowing the user a choice between two heights of the lower plate within the base and hence two thicknesses of transfer stacks. Other arrangements include those with more than one set of lands on one or both parts to allow for three or more thickness selections, or depressions in place of lands. Finger-operated latches secure the upper plate to the base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for forming a plurality of wells on a gel containing an analyte. The invention further provides a system for eluting a liquid analyte reagent mixture from a gel. The invention is useful in the separation of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and peptides. In particular, the invention has utility for separating and eluting peptides from isoelectric focusing gels.

Abstract: Provided is a method of electrophoresis of carbon nanotube for separating them into metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes, and the method comprises a step of electrifying a carbon nanotube sealed gel in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a gel. According to the separation method, metallic CNT and semiconducting CNT may be efficiently and heavily separated and purified from each other in CNT containing both the two within a short period of time and in a simplified manner by the use of inexpensive facilities and according to a simple process, and the method can be readily scaled up, in which CNT can be separated industrially extremely advantageously.

Abstract: A method for enriching a mutant nucleic acid in a mixture of nucleic acids, wherein the method comprises: (a) providing a nucleic acid mixture comprising a parental nucleic acid and a mutant nucleic acid of the parental nucleic acid; and (b) amplifying the nucleic acids in the nucleic acid mixture by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); wherein the mutant nucleic acid is a G?A mutant of the parental nucleic acid, which pairs with a fully complementary nucleic acid sequence to form an AT-rich nucleic acid variant of the parental nucleic acid; and wherein the AT-rich nucleic acid variant is denatured and selectively amplified by carrying out PCR using a denaturation temperature 1-3° C. lower than the lowest denaturation temperature (Tp) that allows amplification of the parental nucleic acid to thereby enrich the mutant nucleic acid in the nucleic acid mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the isolation and/or purification of nucleic acid molecules suitable to bind and/or inactivate inhibitors of the activity of reagents or enzymes used for DNA manipulation and to separate a plurality of nucleic acid molecules with respect to their size. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for the isolation of a nucleic acid molecule comprising applying a sample to the device of the invention wherein said nucleic acid molecule preferably represents a fraction of the metagenome of a given habitat. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the generation of at least one gene library comprising nucleic acid molecules isolated by the method of the invention and to a nucleic acid molecule isolated by the method of the invention.

Abstract: A microchip for capillary electrophoresis is provided. The microchip comprises an injection channel and a separation channel configured to receive a sample through a sample well disposed on a first end of the separation channel; wherein the injection channel and the separation channel intersect to form a ‘T’ junction. The microchip further comprises a first valve disposed adjacent to the ‘T’ junction and on the separation channel and a second valve disposed at the ‘T’ junction. The second valve is a two-way valve. A sample plug is injected into an area between the ‘T’ junction and a second end of the separation channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for adding a reagent to an analyte in a gel. The invention further provides methods and systems for transferring liquid analyte reagent mixtures from a gel to a second vessel, such as a microtitre plate. The invention is useful in the manipulation of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and peptides. In particular, the invention has utility for manipulating proteins and peptides in isoelectric focusing gels.

Abstract: An integrated electrophoresis device includes a passage, a receiving opening, a removal opening, and a set of electric field generators. The passage is provided with gel and buffer solution. The receiving opening is disposed in the passage. The removal opening is also disposed in the passage. The electric field generators generate an electric field in the passage so that a plurality of charged substances in the passage migrates from the receiving opening to the removal opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, devices, apparatuses and methods for automated bioprocessing. Examples of protocols and bioprocessing procedures suitable for the present invention include but are not limited to: immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, recombinant protein isolation, nucleic acid separation and isolation, protein labeling, separation and isolation, cell separation and isolation, food safety analysis and automatic bead based separation. In some embodiments, the invention provides automated systems, automated devices, automated cartridges and automated methods of western blot processing.

Abstract: A composition comprising neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), which has been enriched from urine, has a molecular weight of about 24.9 kDa to about 25.9 kDa, and comprises a plurality of isoforms having isoelectric points (pIs) ranging from about 5.9 to about 9.1; a composition comprising NGAL, which has been enriched from recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, has a molecular weight of about 25.9 kDa to about 27.9 kDa, and comprises a plurality of isoforms having pIs ranging from about 5.6 to about 9.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method for easily detecting a phosphopeptide (protein) in a test sample by using SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which has been employed in analyzing a protein, a polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis to be used in the above method, a method of producing the gel and an intermediate in synthesizing the gel. The polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis to be used in the above method has a structure represented by the following general formula (I) in at least a part of the structure thereof: (I) wherein M2+ represents a transition metal ion; and X represents a linker.

Abstract: Method for simultaneously determining alleles present in a set of loci from at least one nucleic acid sample comprising the steps: a) providing said at least one sample, b) subjecting said sample to a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a primer pair simultaneously primer pairs specific and optimized for each of the loci of a set of at least three loci selected from the group consisting of D2S1360, D7S1517, D8S1132, D9S1118, D10S2325, D11S554, D12S1064, D12S391, D17S1290, D19S253, MYCLl, P450CYP19 and SE-33, and c) evaluating the length and optionally the relative quantity of amplification products obtained from step b) or from the analysis of one or two of the above loci to determine and/or optionally quantify the alleles present at each of the loci analyzed in the set within said sample.

Abstract: There is provided a method for detecting M. genitalium nucleic acid in a sample, comprising: (i) amplifying a nucleic acid sequence comprising a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 1 (Mg219 gene); and (ii) detecting said amplified nucleic acid sequence.

Abstract: Deuterium and hydrogen terminated diamond surfaces are functionalized with alkyl or aryl peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation, quantitative measurement, and analysis of trace species using a combination of three steps in succession. First, trace species are separated from other species that are present. Second, the trace species are chemically modified to convert them into specific species that are advantageous for the third and final step. In this last step, cavity enhanced optical detection of the converted species is performed to detect and measure the concentrations of the species of interest. Because the last step has spectroscopic resolution, the concentration of isotopologues in each converted species can be determined. Further processing can provide the ratios between pairs of isotopologues, in particular the ratio of the rare isotopologues to the most abundant isotopologue.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels that offer high resolution in protein separations and are more stable relative to hydrolysis than conventional polyacrylamide gels that rely on Tris or Tris-Bis as buffering agents are made by incorporating triethanolamine in place of most or all of the Tris or Tris-Bis.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide systems, kits and methods suitable for performing dry or substantially dry electro-blotting analyses on immobilized protein or nucleic acid samples. Electro-blotting performed according to the presently described embodiments may include a step whereby detection of one or more immobilized proteins or nucleic acids is electrophoretically accelerated. Methods for performing electro-blotting of immobilized proteins or nucleic acids may include applying an electric voltage to one or more reagents typically used in protein or nucleic acid blotting procedure. The one or more reagents may be absorbed on a suitable carrier matrix. Electro-blotting performed in accordance with the systems and methods described herein may be performed under substantially dry conditions (i.e., with little or no aqueous buffers).

Abstract: A device and a method for multidimensional separation and analysis of molecules is disclosed. The device comprises a chamber for subjecting a first substance to a first analysis step and a space for receiving a second substance. The device is configured to apply pressure to the second substance to move the second substance towards a product of the first analysis step for providing a sample for a second analysis step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleic acid probes to identify analytes in a sample. In the preferred embodiments, metastable nucleic acid monomers are provided that associate in the presence of an initiator nucleic acid. Upon exposure to the initiator, the monomers self-assemble in a hybridization chain reaction. The initiator nucleic acid may be, for example, a portion of an analyte to be detected or may be part of an initiation trigger such that it is made available in the presence of a target analyte.

Abstract: A method for silver staining a gel on which biological substances such as nucleic acids and proteins are separated by electrophoresis, which comprises at least the following steps: (a) the step of immersing an untreated gel after the electrophoresis in an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate; (b) the step of immersing the gel obtained in the step (a) in a mixture of ethanol and an aqueous solution of sodium acetate; and (c) the step of immersing the gel obtained in the step (b) in a mixture of ethanol and an aqueous solution of silver nitrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing quantitative transfer of analytes to an adsorptive substrate are provided. A preferred embodiment provides an improved transfer system and method that reduces “blow through” of low molecular weight analytes and increases the adsorption of low molecular weight, for example proteins of about 30 kDa or less compared to conventional transfer techniques. It has been discovered that using a secondary porous backing membrane in conjunction with an adsorptive membrane such as nitrocellulose or polvinylidene fluoride increases the efficiency of analyte interaction with the adsorption membrane compared to transfers techniques using the adsorption membrane without the secondary backing membrane. This improvement of quantitative analyte transfer efficiency facilitates a wider range of detection processes, such as direct analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry than in earlier applications of the process without the secondary backing membrane.