Abstract: In a dyeing method of an aluminum-based member, a first color forming material is held in a hole of a first region of an anodized film, a second color forming material is held in holds of a second region that is smaller than the first region by diagonally spraying, When the second colored layer is formed, a gradation region is formed in a boundary with the first region and the second region, and the hole are closed.

Abstract: Techniques or processes for providing markings on products are disclosed. In one embodiment, the products have housings and the markings are to be provided on sub-surfaces of the housings. For example, a housing for a particular product can include an outer housing surface and the markings can be provided on a sub-surface the outer housing surface yet still be visible from the outside of the housing. Since the markings are beneath the surface of the housing, the markings are durable.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the invention is that of improving on an electrodeposition method for the production of nanostructured ZnO in such a manner that this method enables the production of nanostructured ZnO with a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) without additional tempering steps. According to the invention, the electrodeposition method use an aqueous solution of a Zn salt, for example Zn(NO3)2, and a doping agent, for example HNO3 or NH4NO3. ZnO nanotubes produced in this way show an intense emission band edge in the UV range and only a weak emission in the range from 450 to 700 nm in the photoluminescence spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface treatment method for a printed wiring board to form cupric oxide on a surface of an outer layer of copper foil of a laminated board formed by laminating copper foils to base resin layers the cupric oxide being formed to have thickness 0.6 ?m to 3.0 ?m by performing electrolytic anodizing in an alkaline aqueous solution containing copper oxide ions at a concentration of more than 0.001 mol/l but not more than the saturation point, under the conditions that the electrolytic solution contains sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide of 2 mol/l to 6 mol/l and liquid temperature is 50° C. to 90° C.

Abstract: A method for production of a metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide coated metal material comprises immersing a metal material or electrolyzing a conductive material in an aqueous treatment solution at pH 2-7 containing metal ion and fluorine ion in a 4-fold or more molar ratio with respect to the metal ion, and/or containing a complex ion comprising at least a metal and fluorine in a 4-fold or more molar ratio with respect to the metal, to form on the surface of the metal material a metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide coating containing the metal ion and/or the metal, as well as a metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide coated metal material having a metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide coating produced by the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrocatalytic coating and an electrode having the coating thereon, wherein the coating is a mixed metal oxide coating, preferably platinum group metal oxides with or without valve metal oxides, and containing a transition metal component such as palladium, rhodium or cobalt. The electrocatalytic coating can be used especially as an anode component of an electrolysis cell for the electrolysis of a halogen-containing solution wherein the palladium component reduces the operating potential of the anode and eliminates the necessity of a “break-in” period to obtain the lowest anode potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved electrostatic chuck for a substrate processing system. The electrostatic chuck comprising a main body having a top surface configured to support the substrate, a power supply to apply a voltage to the main body and a sealing ring disposed between the main body and the substrate wherein the sealing ring has a conductive layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain an aluminum or aluminum alloy member having a uniform and dense anodic oxide film having sufficient corrosion and impact resistances. Provided is an anodic oxide film which has been formed on the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the film comprising cells which have grown in random directions relative to the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy and thus have no orientation.

Abstract: A spin valve element including parallelly or serially connected magnetic element groups, each magnetic element group having a plurality of magnetic elements that each include an intermediate layer of an insulating member or a nonmagnetic member sandwiched by a pair of ferromagnetic layers. The plurality of magnetic elements are further connected either in series or in parallel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a corrosion protective layer, a process for providing an anodisable metal surface with a corrosion protective layer, a metal surface obtainable by such process, and the use thereof. The invention provides a corrosion protective layer, comprising the metal in oxidised form and an XyOz network, wherein said layer is essentially free of hexavalent chromium, and wherein y is 1-3, z is 1-3, and X is chosen from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, Ce,Mo and Mg.

Abstract: A carbon fiber strand obtained by bundling 20,000-30,000 carbon fibers each having, in the surface thereof, creases which are parallel to the fiber-axis direction. In an examination with a scanning probe microscope, the creases in the carbon fiber surface are apart from each other at a distance of 120-160 nm and have a depth of 12-23 nm, excluding 23 nm. The carbon fibers have an average fiber diameter of 4.5-6.5 nm, specific surface area of 0.9-2.3 m2/g, and density of 1.76 g/cm3 or higher. The carbon strand has a tensile strength of 5,900 MPa or higher and a tensile modulus of 300 GPa or higher. When would on a bobbin at a tension of 9.8 N, the strand on the bobbin has a width of 5.5 mm or larger. When the carbon fiber strand is examined by a strand splitting evaluation method in which the strand is caused to run through three stainless-steel rods while applying a tension of 9.8 N thereto, no strand splitting is observed.

Abstract: A method of enhancing thermal management of an electronic device comprising the steps of; forming an ALOX™ interconnect substrate; taking an electronic device; and interconnecting the electronic device to the interconnect substrate to yield a substantial split of thermal and electrical paths in the interconnect substrate.

Abstract: A process for forming gate structures is described. A web comprises a substrate, a plurality of conductive elements disposed on the substrate, and a conductive anodization bus. The web is moved through an anodization station to form a plurality of gate structures comprising a plurality of gate dielectrics adjacent to a plurality of gate electrodes. A process for forming electronic devices further providing a semiconductor, a source electrode, and a drain electrode is described.

Abstract: Gold is subjected to anodic oxidation in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid or carboxylate. The carboxylic acid can be selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. The carboxylate can be selected from salts of the above-described acids. A potential applied to a gold electrode can be in the range of about +1.5 to about 11 V with respect to a potential of a standard hydrogen electrode. Thereby, a uniform porous gold film having a pore size of several nanometers to several hundreds of nanometers is formed.

Abstract: An even titanium oxide film is economically formed on the surface of a substrate. To actualize the film formation, an aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution containing 0.1 to 17% by weight of Ti is applied in a film-like state on the surface of a heat resistant substrate. While the liquid film state is kept as it is, the aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution is heated to 300° C. or more and H2O and HCl in the liquid film are accordingly evaporated to form a titanium oxide film. In the case where the substrate is of aluminum inferior in acid resistance, an acid-resistant film such as an oxide film is previously formed on the surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe paint for application to an exhaust pipe base includes an inorganic glass particle, an inorganic particle, and at least one of an inorganic binder and an inorganic binder precursor.

Abstract: The present invention is based on that local administration of strontium ions in bone tissue has been found to improve the bone formation and bone mass upon implantation of a bone tissue implant in said bone tissue. In particular, the invention relates to a bone tissue implant having an implant surface covered by an oxide layer comprising strontium ions and a method for the manufacture thereof. A blasting powder comprising strontium ions, a method for locally increasing bone formation, and the use of strontium ions or a salt thereof for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for locally increasing bone formation are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: Methods of producing one or more biaxially textured layer on a substrate, and articles produced by the methods, are disclosed. An exemplary method may comprise electrodepositing on the substrate a precursor material selected from the group consisting of rare earths, transition metals, actinide, lanthanides, and oxides thereof. An exemplary article (150) may comprise a biaxially textured base material (130), and at least one biaxially textured layer (110) selected from the group consisting of rare earths, transition metals, actinides, lanthanides, and oxides thereof. The at least one biaxially textured layer (110) is formed by electrodeposition on the biaxially textured base material (130).

Abstract: A method for the co-deposition of sol-gel and one or more additives selected from a great variety of agents including monomers, oligomers, polymers, metals and others is provided. The method affords continuous films of high stability and precision. Also provided is a surface coated with a film of sol-gel and at least one additive electrodeposited according to the presently described methods.

Abstract: Medical implants exhibiting optimized mechanical properties, and methods of making such implants, are disclosed. That is, the implants are fabricated of a porous metal substrate and include coating integrated over various areas so as to provide some added or desirable property or functionality to the implant. In one embodiment, the implant is an acetabular implant with a coating applied to an internal, concave wear surface which is sized and configured to receive a head of a femur. Typically, the coating is a ceramic incorporated onto the desired area of the implant via electrophoretic deposition.

Abstract: A supercapacitor having a metal oxide electrode and a method for preparing the same. The method comprises preparing a substrate composed of a current collector and a titanium dioxide ultrafine fiber matrix layer formed on the current collector, and electrochemically depositing a metal oxide thin film layer onto the substrate by a constant current potentiometry or a cyclic voltammetric method. Since the metal oxide is uniformly deposited on the substrate having a wide specific surface area with the titanium dioxide ultrafine fiber, a bonding material or a conductive particle need not to be added to the capacitor electrode. Therefore, a resistance of the capacitor electrode is prevented from being increased, and thus a capacitance of the capacitor electrode is prevented from being decreased.

Abstract: The turbine parts, when they are used, form oxide layers which by the undesirable rapid growth thereof generate the damage of the parts substrate. The inventive method consists in depleting the part in an element in such a way that the oxide layer is reduced.

Abstract: When depositing a metal or a compound of the metal from a liquid crystal phase comprising a metal compound, e.g. a metal salt, by electrochemical means, high concentrations of the salt may be employed by using an ionic surfactant in place of the commonly used non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: Methods and systems for electrochemically depositing doped metal oxide and metal chalcogenide films are disclosed. An example method includes dissolving a metal precursor into a solution, adding a halogen precursor to the solution, and applying a potential between a working electrode and a counter electrode of an electrochemical cell to deposit halogen doped metal oxide or metal chalcogenide onto a substrate. Another example method includes dissolving a zinc precursor into a solution, adding an yttrium precursor to the solution, and applying a potential between a working electrode and a counter electrode of an electrochemical cell to deposit yttrium doped zinc oxide onto a substrate. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for coating a ceramic film on a metal, which can form dense films on various bases of metals such as magnesium alloys. The formed ceramic film has excellent abrasion resistance, causes no significant attack against a counter material, and has excellent corrosion resistance. The method comprises electrolyzing a metallic base in an electrolysis solution using the metallic base as a working electrode while causing glow discharge and/or arc discharge on the surface of the metallic base to form a ceramic film on the surface of the metallic base. The electrolysis solution contains zirconium oxide particles having an average diameter of not more than 1 ?m, satisfies the following formulae (1) to (3): 0.05 g/L?X?500 g/L (1), 0 g/L?Y?500 g/L (2), and 0?Y/X?10 (3); and has a pH value of not less than pH 7.0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composite including a substrate and a film deposited on a surface of the substrate, and processes for producing the composites. The deposited film includes at least one metal oxide having the formula: MxOy, wherein M is a first, second, or third row transition metal, x is a positive integer from 1 to 7. The film is ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, or both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic at temperatures greater than 0° C. and has a zero field magnetization of 0.001 emu/g or greater at a temperature of 26.85° C. (300 K). Composites of the present invention may be used, for example, as electrodes in electrochemical devices.

Abstract: A method includes anodizing an aluminum material in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing water and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes malonic acid and an initiator that contains ammonium ions and anions which are reactable with the ammonium ions to form an ammonium salt. The initiator is formed by dissolving an ammonium salt in the water. The ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium phosphate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating or preparing a fuel rod cladding tube in such a way that an influence of iron oxide deposits on its surface can be studied and assessed precisely under virtually operational conditions with as little risk as possible, includes at least partially coating the fuel rod cladding tube with an iron oxide layer by immersing it in an aqueous electrolyte medium which contains iron oxide particles. The iron oxide particles are produced by anodic oxidation of an iron-containing working electrode. A test body and a device for pretreating a fuel rod cladding tube with an electrochemical three-electrode configuration, are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrodeposition paint comprising particles of at least one metallic compound selected from bismuth hydroxide, zirconium compound and tungsten compound, said particles of the metallic compound having an average particle diameter of 1-1,000 nm. The electrodeposition paint forms coating film excelling in corrosion resistance, finished appearance, paint stability and so on.

Abstract: An implantable medical electrode has an electrically conductive core covered by a stable biocompatible oxide layer. The core contains niobium and the oxide contains a porous niobium oxide. In a process for producing such an implantable electrode, a core of metal or metal alloy containing niobium is connected as an anode in an electrolyte and is subjected to high potential anodic pulses.

Abstract: A method for coating, a composition suitable for coating and a coating generated with the method of coating on anodizable metallic surfaces, especially on magnesium rich and aluminum rich surfaces. is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous solution including alkali metal or ammonium cations, phosphorus containing anions and silicon containing anions as well as optionally a peroxide or a compound of Al, Ti, Zr or any mixture of them. Preferably, the anodizing is carried out with a micro-arc oxidation process.

Abstract: A highly reflective layer system for coating substrates with reflection-enhancing layers, a method for producing the layer system and a device for carrying out the method are provided. On the surface of the substrate, a first functional reflection layer is applied. The first functional reflection layer may be reflective or partially reflective and comprise of metal or a metal alloy which contains one of more constituents from the group comprising copper, nickel, aluminum, titanium, molybdenum and tin. Provided there over is a second functional reflection layer. The second functional reflection later may comprise metal or a metal alloy, for example silver or a silver alloy. Over the second functional reflective layer there follows a first transparent dielectric layer. The first transparent dielectric layer may comprise, for example, silicon oxide. Arranged over the first transparent dielectric layer is a second transparent dielectric layer. This may consist, for example, of titanium oxide.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a functionalized particle includes a n inorganic particle with diazonium functional group attached. In some embodiments, the largest dimension of the inorganic particle ranges between about 10 nm and 1000 ?m. In another embodiment, a substrate with a hydrophobic surface includes a substrate, and a first plurality of inorganic particles with at least one diazonium functional group attached to the substrate. The largest dimension of the first plurality of inorganic particles ranges between about 10 nm and 1000 ?m. One embodiment includes a second plurality of particles with at least one phenol functional group attached to the inorganic particle. In a further embodiment, a fluorinated functional group is attached to the second plurality of particles. In some embodiments, the material has a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle greater than about 150°.

Abstract: A composite coated metal sheet comprising a coated film having a low environmental impact prepared free from hexavalent chromium, and having good corrosion resistance equivalent to that provided by chromate treatment and excellent adhesiveness between the coated film and a resin layer formed on the coated film. Also, a treatment agent and a method of manufacturing the composite coated metal sheet with the treatment agent is described. The composite coated metal sheet comprises a coated film formed on a surface of a plated metal sheet or metal sheet, the coated film contains an oxide and/or a hydroxide of metal other than chromium, and an organic component comprising modified and/or unmodified functional group(s).

Abstract: There are disclosed a photoelectric conversion electrode having a large amount of a dye to be supported and an excellent dye replacement property and having a capability of improving a photoelectric conversion efficiency, a manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion electrode and the like. A photoelectric conversion electrode 11 according to the present invention can be manufactured by laminating a porous metal oxide layer 14 including a metal oxide and a dye on a substrate 12 having a conductive surface 12a, and the metal oxide layer 14 has a specific surface area of 70 to 250 m2/g and a void ratio of 50 to 75%. Specifically, the metal oxide layer 14 can be formed by a cathode electrolytic deposition process using an electrolyte containing a metal salt and 80 to 500 ?M of template dye, the template dye co-adsorbed on the metal oxide layer 14 is desorbed, and a sensitizing dye different from the template dye is more preferably re-adsorbed.

Abstract: An exemplary housing includes a light metal base and a ceramic film. The light metal base has an outer surface. The ceramic film is formed on the outer surface of the light metal base by micro-arc oxidation process. A method for making the present housing is also provided.

Abstract: A high-quality oxide film which is free from a pinhole and surface roughing caused by anodic oxidation and which has surface smoothness on a surface of a material to be treated containing a metal as a principal component. An electrolyte solution which is used for forming an oxide film on a surface of a material to be treated containing a metal as a principal component by anodic oxidation, the electrolyte solution containing a non-aqueous solvent containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group and having 4 or more carbon atoms as a main solvent. This non-aqueous solvent preferably contains two or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups and is especially preferably one or two or more members selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: In an aqueous solution of a zinc salt, counter, reference and working electrodes are placed, and an electric potential is applied across the working and reference electrodes. A gas including oxygen and an inert gas is introduced into the aqueous solution. Responsive to these conditions an array of zinc oxide nanostructures grows on a conductive nucleation plate that is a part of the working electrode. The nanostructures have sharp tips, have a more efficient electron emissivity than nanorods made from other materials, and can be used in fabricating field emission lamps and displays.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ferroelectric film includes the steps of causing, in a solution containing sol-gel raw materials, hydrolysis and polycondensation to the sol-gel raw materials to form a liquid containing particulate gels dispersed therein, and forming a ferroelectric film by a migration electrodeposition method, using the liquid containing particulate gels, through electrodepositing the particulate gels on an electrode.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes a metal part having a hydrogen permeability and a metal oxide part having a proton conductivity. The metal part and the metal oxide part are formed integrally. A boundary face formed at a boundary between the hydrogen permeable metal part and the solid electrolyte part is restrained, because the hydrogen permeable metal part and the solid electrolyte part are formed integrally. A peel strength between the hydrogen permeable metal part and the solid electrolyte part is increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for production of a surface-structured substrate, comprising the steps: (i) production of a first substrate, nanostructured with inorganic nanoclusters on at least one surface, (ii) application of a substrate material for a second substrate, different from the first material to the nanostructured surface of the first substrate as obtained in step (i) and (iii) separation of the first substrate from the second substrate of step (ii), including the inorganic nanoclusters to give a second substrate nanostructured with the nanoclusters.

Abstract: A washing process to sufficiently remove contaminants attached on the surface of an optical film is proposed. Specifically, disclosed is a method of manufacturing an optical film, wherein the method possesses the steps of spraying onto at least one surface of a transparent film a solidified blast material via cooling that is a gas or a liquid at normal temperature and pressure, washing the at least one surface of the transparent film, and coating at least one optically functional layer on the washed surface of the transparent film.

Abstract: A solid substrate comprising a surface comprising an achiral array of atoms having thereupon a chiral metal oxide surface. The chiral metal oxide surface is prepared by electrodeposition of a chiral metal oxide array from a solution of a chiral salt of the metal. In one embodiment, chiral CuO is grown on achiral Au(001) by epitaxial electrodeposition. The handedness of the film is determined by the specific enantiomer of tartrate ion in the deposition solution. (R,R)-tartrate produces an S—CuO(1 1 1) film, while (S,S)-tartrate produces an R—CuO( 11 1) film. These chiral CuO films are enantiospecific for the electrochemical oxidation of(R,R) and (S,S)-tartrate.

Abstract: Metallization is disposed on at least a portion of an electrically nonconductive substrate. Plating is then disposed on the metallization, and an anodized layer of the plating is configured to provide the substrate with an anodized surface. The substrate may be glass or ceramic, and in particular sapphire. The substrate may be optically transmissive, and the metallization and plating may define a window adapted to transmit light through the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals or their alloys with a thin barrier layer consisting of the metal and an oxide ceramic layer provided thereon whose surface has been coated with fluoropolymers, characterized in that the fluoropolymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of a solution by vacuum impregnation, followed by removing the non-wetting portions of the solution and drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for darkening a superficial layer of a workpiece which contains zinc by anodic oxidation. The workpiece is oxidized in a soaking bath containing an aqueous solution comprised of a hydroxide and of a nitrate. The anodic oxidation may be carried out in an aqueous solution containing NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 or NaNO.sub.3, and having a pH value ranging from 8 to 14, at a dipping bath temperature (T) ranging from 15 to 45.degree. C., and with a current density (i) ranging from 3.times.10.sup.?4 to 0.5 A/cm.sup.2. The workpiece is placed in the soaking bath at the beginning of the anodic oxidation after the voltage has already been applied.

Abstract: A structure and a method of preventing electrolytic corrosion for a magnesium alloy member (20), the structure wherein a first coated layer (11) formed by electro deposition and a second coated layer (12) formed by distributing PTFE particles on the first coated layer (11) are covered on the surface of a tightening member (1) at least on a surface coming into contact with the magnesium alloy member (20), whereby, the electrolytic corrosion of the magnesium alloy member can be prevented at a low cost by insulating a tightening member such as a steel bolt and a washer from the magnesium alloy member, and an adhesiveness therebetween can be sufficiently assured.

Abstract: A method for depositing a film of an advanced material on a surface of an article is disclosed. The method comprises placing the article within a bath having a pair of spaced electrodes one of which is formed by the article and an electrolyte containing a source of the material to be deposited. A stream of bubbles is generated within the electrolyte adjacent to the cathode. A potential difference is applied across the cathode and anode such that a plasma glow discharge is formed in the bubble region. The plasma of ionised gaseous molecules formed within the bubble region acts to deposit a film of material on the surface of the article. The method may be carried out at atmospheric pressure and does not require a vacuum apparatus. An apparatus for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new technique to synthesize barium titanate (BaTiO3) on homogeneous substrates (titanium) or heterogeneous substrates (silicon wafers, metal, glass, ceramics, polymers, other metals, etc.) is disclosed to include a first step to deposit a titanium film on a substrate by sputtering, and a second step to synthesize barium titanate film with uniformly dispersed spherical particles on the titanium-coated substrate in a electrolyte containing barium ions by electrochemically anodic oxidation.

Abstract: In order to regenerate permanganate solutions being utilized for the etching and roughening of plastics surfaces electrolytic methods are known. Though relatively small quantaties of by-products are produced with these methods as compared to chemical regeneration methods, large quantaties of manganese dioxide are produced when printed circuit boards are treated. In order to avoid formation of manganese dioxide during the regeneration method a novel cathode 2 has been found which is provided with a porous, electrically nonconducting layer 7 on the cathode body 3. The layer 7 preferably consists of a plastics material being resistant to acid and/or alkali.