Abstract: The present invention relates to a multistage reforming process to produce a high octane product. A naphtha boiling range feedstock is processed in a multi-stage reforming process, in which the process involves at least 1) a penultimate stage for reforming the naphtha feedstock to produce a penultimate effluent 2) a final stage for further reforming at least a portion of the penultimate effluent 3) a regeneration step for the final stage catalyst. The severity of the penultimate stage can be increased during final stage catalyst regeneration in order to maintain the target RON of the reformate product and avoid reactor downtime.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilized aggregates of small primary crystallites of zeolite Y that are clustered into larger secondary particles. At least 80% of the secondary particles may comprise at least 5 primary crystallites. The size of the primary crystallites may be at most about 0.5 micron, or at most about 0.3 micron, and the size of the secondary particles may be at least about 0.8 micron, or at least about 1.0 ?m. The silica to alumina ratio of the resulting stabilized aggregated Y zeolite may be 4:1 or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for producing a diesel range material having improved cold flow properties are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing a waxy diesel range feedstock, producing an intermediary product stream containing a predetermined amount of oxygenated organocompounds from the waxy diesel range feedstock, and contacting the intermediary product stream with a dewaxing catalyst under process conditions at which the oxygenated organocompounds chemically interact with the dewaxing catalyst to convert a portion of the n-paraffins within the intermediary product stream to iso-paraffins while minimizing cracking of the diesel range material.

Abstract: Systems and processes for regenerating catalyst are provided herein that include a catalyst regeneration tower having a cooling zone that receives a catalyst cooling stream generated by a cooling gas loop. The systems and processes include a first thermocompressor that utilizes a first motive vapor and a second thermocompressor that utilizes a second motive vapor in order to provide the catalyst cooling stream to the regeneration tower. The second thermocompressor operates in parallel with the first thermocompressor. The first thermocompressor can utilize combustion air as the motive vapor. The second thermocompressor can utilize nitrogen as the motive vapor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for processing hydrocarbon streams are provided. In an embodiment, a method for processing a hydrocarbon stream includes heating a feed stream in a convective bank. In the method, the feed stream is reacted in a first reaction zone to form a first effluent. The first effluent is heated in a first radiant cell that combusts fuel gas to heat the first effluent and forms a first exhaust gas. The method includes contacting the first exhaust gas with the convective bank to heat the feed stream.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and passing each feedstream to separation reformers. The reformers are operated under different conditions to utilize the differences in the reaction properties of the different hydrocarbon components. The process utilizes a common catalyst, and common downstream processes for recovering the desired aromatic compounds generated.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and passing each feedstream to separation reformers. The reformers are operated under different conditions to utilize the differences in the reaction properties of the different hydrocarbon components. The process utilizes a common catalyst, and common downstream processes for recovering the desired aromatic compounds generated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock that is produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, implementing a hydrocracking/hydroisomerization catalyst that comprises at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal that is selected from the group that is formed by the metals of group VIB and group VIII of the periodic table and a substrate that comprises at least one zeolite that has at least one series of channels of which the opening is defined by a ring with 12 oxygen atoms modified by a) a stage for introducing at least one alkaline cation that belongs to group IA or IIA of the periodic table, b) a stage for treatment of said zeolite in the presence of at least one molecular compound that contains at least one silicon atom, c) at least one stage for partial exchange of said alkaline cations by NH4+ cations such that the remaining content of alkaline cations in the modified zeolite at the end of stage c) is such that the alkaline cation/aluminum molar ratio

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprises a zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ratio of 500 or less, a first metal oxide binder having a crystallite size greater than 200 ? and a second metal oxide binder having a crystallite size less than 100 ?, wherein the second metal oxide binder is present in an amount less than 15 wt % of the total weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for start-up of a hydrotreatment or hydroconversion unit carried out in the presence of hydrogen, in at least 2 catalytic beds, process in which At least one bed contains at least one presulfurized and preactivated catalyst and at least one catalytic bed that contains a catalyst whose catalytic metals are in oxidized form, A so-called starting feedstock, which is a hydrocarbon fraction that contains at least 0.5% by weight of sulfur, lacking olefinic compounds and not containing an added sulfur-containing compound, passes through a first catalytic bed that contains said presulfurized and preactivated catalyst and then passes through at least one catalytic bed that contains a catalyst whose catalytic metals are in oxidized form, And the first presulfurized and preactivated catalyst bed reaches a temperature of at least 220° C.

Abstract: A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Abstract: A process for refining naphtha that results in an improved octane value in a subsequent gasoline blend. Certain embodiments include separating a naphtha feed into light naphtha and heavy naphtha; separating the heavy naphtha into a paraffin stream and non-paraffin stream; introducing the light naphtha to a first isomerization unit, introducing the paraffin stream to a second isomerization unit; introducing the non-paraffin stream to a reforming unit and combining the resulting effluents to form a gasoline blend. The resulting gasoline blend has improved characteristics over gasoline blends that are made without introducing the paraffin stream to a second isomerization unit.

Abstract: The catalytic reactor with downward flow comprises a chamber (1) containing at least two solid catalyst beds (2; 11) separated by an intermediate zone comprising an essentially horizontal collecting plate (5) communicating with a vertical collecting pipe (7) for receiving fluids collected by the collecting plate, with a means for injecting a quenching fluid (8) emptying into the collecting pipe. An annular mixing chamber (9) is located below the collecting plate (5). A predistribution plate (11) is arranged below the chamber (9). The injection means (8) comprises a tubular portion that empties into the collecting pipe (7) in such a way as to inject quenching fluid in a direction forming an angle ? between 45° and 135° with the direction D from the axis of the mixing chamber measured at its input end.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for catalytic cracking or reforming of hydrocarbons comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons and optionally hydrogen to form a supersaturated dispersion; introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a catalytic cracking or reforming reactor in the presence of a cracking or reforming catalyst to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the catalyst is present as a slurry or a fluidized or fixed bed of catalyst. In some embodiments, the cracking or reforming catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. Herein also disclosed is a system for catalytic cracking or reforming of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modified zeolite catalyst, useful for the conversion of paraffins, olefins and aromatics in a mixed feedstock such as FCC gasoline that contain high content of olefin, aromatic and n-paraffin into isoparaffins. The invention further relates to the use of such a catalyst, for example but not limited to, in a process for the conversion of paraffins, olefins and aromatics in a mixed feedstock into the product having high amount of branched paraffins with decreased aromatics and olefins, a useful gasoline blend, with negligible production of lighter gases.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for contacting radially flowing fluids with solid particles (e.g., catalyst) with reduced tendency for fluidization of the particles, and especially a sealing portion of the particles at the top of a particle retention zone disposed between screens at upstream and downstream positions relative to radial fluid flow. Fluidization is reduced or eliminated by offsetting openings of the screens in the axial direction, such that upstream openings in the upstream screen are above highest downstream openings in a downstream stream. The offset in openings imparts a downward flow component to radially flowing fluid, thereby reducing solid particle fluidization without the need to induce a specific pressure drop profile along the entire axial direction of the screens.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing a reformate by combining a stream having an effective amount of isopentane and a stream having an effective amount of naphtha for reforming. Generally, the naphtha has not less than about 95%, by weight, of one or more compounds having a boiling point of about 38-about 260° C. as determined by ASTM D86-07. The process may include introducing the combined stream to a reforming reaction zone. The combined stream can have an isopentane:naphtha mass ratio of about 0.10:1.00-about 1.00:1.00.

Abstract: A reverse flow regenerative reactor having first and second zones, each having first and second ends, the first zone having a plurality of channels capable of separately conveying at least two components of a combustible gas mixture, a gas distributor configured for injecting the components of the combustible gas mixture into first zone, a combustion zone including a selective combustion catalyst disposed at or downstream of the second end of said channels for catalyzing combustion, wherein the second zone is positioned and situated to receive a combusted gas mixture. Processes usefully conducted in the reactor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Optimizing low coke naphtha reforming continues to pose significant challenges for oil refining companies in the operation of continuous catalytic regenerative reforming units for economic production of hydrogen, LPG and reformate. A novel processing scheme is hereby disclosed wherein multiple additives are used to increase spent catalyst coke to ensure operating the regenerators in steady state white burn operations. In previous disclosures novel additives sulfur and kerosene were identified as separately imparting enhanced rates of coke formation on the catalysts even at very mild severity catalytic reforming operations. To further accelerate spent catalyst coke formation and derive benefits from synergistic use of sulfur and kerosene, it is suggested that both sulfur and kerosene be used as additives in combination or in series with sulfur added first followed by kerosene and vice versa.

Abstract: The present invention describes a steam reforming furnace for the production of hydrogen, which employs a set of porous burners interposed between the tubes to be heated, improving compactness of the furnace.

Abstract: Integrated isomerization and ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation processes may comprise integrating ionic liquid alkylation and n-butane isomerization using a common distillation unit for separating an n-butane containing fraction from at least one of an alkylation hydrocarbon phase from an ionic liquid alkylation reactor and an isomerization hydrocarbon stream from an isomerization unit. The n-butane containing fraction may undergo isomerization to provide an isomerization reactor effluent comprising the isomerization hydrocarbon stream. An isobutane containing fraction, separated from at least one of the alkylation hydrocarbon phase and the isomerization hydrocarbon stream, may be recycled from the distillation unit to the ionic liquid alkylation reactor.

Abstract: A radial bed catalytic conversion unit having an outer cylindrical chamber (1), an inner chamber (2) which is also cylindrical, the annular zone included between the outer chamber and the inner chamber, termed the reaction zone (I), is filled with catalyst under slow gravitational flow, and the feed is introduced via an inlet pipe (E), connected to an intermediate box (F) which is in turn connected to a plurality of distribution tubes (3) disposed inside the reaction zone (I) in the vicinity of the outer chamber (1).

Abstract: Methods and reactors for producing a fuel are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method uses a biomass feedstock and alkane and/or alcohol feedstock, which can be contacted with a metal-containing catalyst to form products including a bio-oil. In some embodiments, oxygen-containing functional groups can be removed from a bio-oil using one or more zeolite thin films.

Abstract: The reactor 1 for continuously regenerating grains of catalyst is composed of a vessel 2 containing an oxychlorination zone 72 positioned above a calcining zone 75 provided with a line for introducing calcining gas 76, the reactor containing an oxychlorination gas injection line 73 opening into the bottom of the oxychlorination zone 72 and a gas evacuation line 74b at the head of the oxychlorination zone, characterized in that the oxychlorination zone 72 contains at least one deflector means 82 for deflecting the flow of grains of catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of middle distillates from a paraffinic feedstock wherein the feedstock is subjected to hydrocracking and/or hydro-isomerization in the presence of a hydrocracking/hydro-isomerization catalyst. The catalyst comprises at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal selected from metals of groups VIB and VIII, and a substrate that comprises at least one dealuminified Y zeolite. The dealuminified Y zeolite is modified by a basic treatment stage wherein the dealuminified Y zeolite is mixed with a basic aqueous solution, and at least one heat treatment stage.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride containing catalyst comprising a surface, and a Group VI/Group VIII metal sulfide coated onto the surface of the interstitial metal hydride. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for producing a reformate or gasoline product. The process involves a rapid cycle of reacting hydrocarbon feedstock to form the product and then regenerating the catalyst used in the reaction. The process can be carried out at relatively high liquid hourly space velocities and preferably at relatively low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratios to produce a reformed product having relatively high liquid yield and hydrogen content.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a zeolite, and a second catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, tin and an inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multistage reforming process to produce a high octane product. A naphtha boiling range feedstock is processed in a multi-stage reforming process, in which the process involves at least 1) a penultimate stage for reforming the naphtha feedstock to produce a penultimate effluent 2) a final stage for further reforming at least a portion of the penultimate effluent 3) a regeneration step for the final stage catalyst. The severity of the penultimate stage can be increased during final stage catalyst regeneration in order to maintain the target RON of the reformate product and avoid reactor downtime.

Abstract: Described herein is a hydrocracking and/or hydrotreatment process which uses a catalyst comprising an active phase containing at least one hydrogenating/dehydrogenating component, and a support comprising at least one dealuminated zeolite Y having an overall initial atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum between 2.5 and 20, an initial weight fraction of extra-lattice aluminum atoms greater than 10%, an initial mesopore volume greater than 0.07 ml.g?1, and an initial crystal lattice parameter a0 between 24.38 ? and 24.30 ?. The zeolite Y is modified by a basic treatment stage, and at least one thermal treatment stage.

Abstract: A reactor allowing continuous regeneration of catalyst grains having a chamber with an oxychlorination zone superposed on a calcination zone equipped with a pipe for introducing calcination gas and at least one pipe for injecting oxychlorination gas emptying into the inner space. Each gas passage has a gas evacuation device that is permeable to gas and impermeable to catalyst grains.

Abstract: A reactor for regenerating catalyst grains comprises a vessel having an oxychlorination zone superimposed over a calcining zone having a line for introducing gas. A chamber, disposed between oxychlorination and calcining zones, comprises an internal space located between two plates which are gas tight and impervious to catalyst grains. A plurality of tubes pass through the chamber to allow catalyst to pass from oxychlorination zone to calcining zone. A plurality of means pass through the chamber to allow calcining gas to pass from calcining zone to oxychlorination zone. At least one oxychlorination gas injection line opens into the internal space of the chamber. Each means for passage of calcining gas comprises at least one orifice communicating with the chamber internal space, and a means for evacuating gas which is permeable to gas and impermeable to catalyst grains.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprising a surface, with a metal oxide integrally synthesized and providing a coating on the surface of the interstitial metal hydride. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur and nitrogen reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of an inorganic material with a hierarchical porosity in the micropore and mesopore domains. The material has at least two elementary spherical particles having a maximum diameter of 200 microns. The process comprises: a) preparing a solution containing zeolitic nanocrystals with a maximum nanometric dimension equal to 60 nm based on silicon and/or precursor elements of proto-zeolitic entities based on silicon; b) mixing, in solution, metallic particles or at least one metallic precursor of metallic particles, a surfactant and the solution obtained in accordance with a) such that the ratio of the volumes of inorganic and organic materials, Vinorganic/Vorganic, is 0.29 to 0.50; c) aerosol atomization of the solution obtained in b) resulting in formation of spherical droplets; d) drying the droplets; g) eliminating the template and surfactant.

Abstract: The reactor 1 that allows continuous regeneration of catalyst consists of a chamber 2 that comprises an oxychlorination zone superposed on a calcination zone equipped with a pipe for introducing calcination gas and a pipe for injecting oxychlorination gas 73. A mixing box is arranged between the oxychlorination zone and the calcination zone, at least one space 85 for catalyst grains to pass being made between the box and the chamber 2, with the mixing box comprising an inner space 80 surrounded by a gas-tight side wall 84, a gas-permeable bottom 83, and a roof 81 that covers the inner space 80. The pipe 73 for introducing oxychlorination gas empties into the inner space 80. The mixing box comprises means 82 for evacuating gas, whereby these means are arranged between said vertical wall 84 and the roof 81.

Abstract: The reactor 1 that allows continuous regeneration of the catalyst consists of a chamber 2 that comprises an oxychlorination zone superposed on a calcination zone equipped with a pipe for introducing calcination gas 76. A mixing zone 74 is arranged between the oxychlorination zone 72 and the calcination zone 75. The mixing zone 74 is covered by a tray 80 through which a number of tubes 81 pass, making it possible for the catalyst to pass from the oxychlorination zone 72 into the calcination zone 75. The tubes 81 extend vertically at least over the height H of the mixing zone 74. One or more pipes 73 for injecting oxychlorination gas empties/empty into the mixing zone. The tray 80 comprises a number of openings for distributing the gas from the mixing zone 74 into the oxychlorination zone 72 in a homogeneous manner.

Abstract: Process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon fraction using a system of switchable fixed bed guard zones each containing at least two catalyst beds and in which whenever the catalyst bed that is brought initially into contact with the feed is deactivated and/or clogged during the steps in which the feed passes successively through all the guard zones, the point of introduction of the feed is shifted downstream. The present invention also relates to an installation for implementing this process.

Abstract: Processes and catalyst systems are provided for dewaxing a light hydrocarbon feedstock to form a lubricant base oil. A layered catalyst system of the present invention may comprise a first hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst disposed upstream from a second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst. Each of the first and second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalysts may be selective for the isomerization of n-paraffins. The first hydroisomerization catalyst may have a higher level of selectivity for the isomerization of n-paraffins than the second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel NU-85 molecular sieve having a specific surface area ranging from about 405 m2/g to about 470 m2/g and a pore volume ranging from about 0.27 cm3/g to about 0.35 cm3/g, and processes for preparing the NU-85 molecular sieve.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and passing each feedstream to separation reformers. The reformers are operated under different conditions to utilize the differences in the reaction properties of the different hydrocarbon components. The process utilizes a common catalyst, and common downstream processes for recovering the desired aromatic compounds generated.

Abstract: For preparing a reforming catalyst comprising a support, a group VIIIB metal and a group VIIB metal, comprises the following steps in the order a) then b) or b) then a): a step a) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid comprising a group VIIIB metal; a step b) impregnating the support with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal and a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment, or a step b) impregnation with an aqueous solution comprising a group VIIB metal, then with a solution comprising a sulphur-containing complexing agent in a reducing environment. The reducing environment is any reducing atmosphere comprising more than 0.1% by weight of a reducing gas or a mixture of reducing gases; or reducing solutions comprising, with respect to the group VIIB metal, in the range 0.1 to 20 equivalents of reducing metals, reducing organic compounds or inorganic reducing compounds.

Abstract: We provide a process to manufacture a base stock, comprising hydrocracking, separating, and dewaxing, wherein the base stock has a ratio of Noack volatility to CCS VIS at ?25° C. multiplied by 100 from 0.15 to 0.40. We also provide a base stock made by a process, and a base oil manufacturing plant that produces the base stock.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for facilitating adding a promoter metal to at least one catalyst particle in situ in a catalytic naphtha reforming unit. The process can include introducing a compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst naphtha reforming unit and adding an effective amount of the promoter metal from the compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst particle under conditions to effect such addition and improve a conversion of a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a catalyst for catalytic reforming of naphtha. The catalyst can have a noble metal including one or more of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium, at least two alkali metals or at least two alkaline earth metals, or mixtures of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and a support.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon. The apparatus can include: a first drier and a second drier adapted to receive a fluid including at least one reactant; and a reaction zone communicating with the first drier to receive the fluid including at least one reactant and with the second drier to receive the regenerant. Generally, the first drier operates at a first condition to dry the fluid including at least one reactant and the second drier operates at a second condition during regeneration with a regenerant. The regenerant can pass through a fluid tapering device for regulating the flow of the regenerant to the reaction zone.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon. The apparatus can include:a vessel containing a fluid including at least one reactant; a fluid transfer device receiving the fluid including at least one reactant from the vessel; at least one drier receiving the fluid including at least one reactant from the fluid transfer device; and a reactor communicating with the at least one drier to receive the fluid including at least one reactant. In addition, the at least one drier may communicate with the vessel at least by sending the fluid including at least one reactant or the regenerant through a fluid tapering device for at least one of regulating the flow and reducing the pressure of the regenerant to the vessel.

Abstract: A process for providing a blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler in a continuous catalyst regeneration system. The process includes removing a first effluent stream from a regeneration tower, providing the first effluent stream to a regeneration cooler; providing a first air stream to the regeneration cooler to form a heated first air stream, combining at least a portion of the heated first air stream with a second air stream to form a blended cooling air stream, and providing the blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler.

Abstract: Processes and catalyst systems are provided for dewaxing a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to form a lubricant base oil. A layered catalyst system of the present invention may comprise a first hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst disposed upstream from a second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst. Each of the first and second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalysts may be selective for the isomerization of n-paraffins. The first hydroisomerization catalyst has a first level of selectivity for the isomerization of n-paraffins, the second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalyst has a second level of selectivity for the isomerization of n-paraffins, and a layered catalyst system comprising the first and second hydroisomerization dewaxing catalysts has a third level of selectivity for the isomerization of n-paraffins. The third level of selectivity may be higher than each of the first level of selectivity and the second level of selectivity.

Abstract: Process for the production of high-quality kerosene and diesel fuels and for the coproduction of hydrogen from a so-called light naphtha cut to which any quantity of LPG cut can be added where the steps of the process include: separating normal and iso-paraffins, dehydrogenation of the paraffins, oligomerization of the olefins and hydrogenation of the oligomerized olefins, the process permitting the production of kerosene and diesel fuels meeting market specifications, or even improved relative to the latter.

Abstract: Systems and methods that include providing, e.g., obtaining or preparing, a material that includes a hydrocarbon carried by an inorganic substrate, and exposing the material to a plurality of energetic particles, such as accelerated charged particles, such as electrons or ions.