Abstract: A pre-processing assembly and method for processing fuel feedstock containing oxygen and hydrocarbons having higher and lower hydrocarbon content for a fuel cell, wherein the pre-processing assembly has a deoxidizing bed for reducing oxygen in the fuel feedstock and a pre-reforming bed for reducing higher hydrocarbon content in the fuel feedstock and wherein the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed are disposed within a common reaction vessel such that the fuel feedstock first passes through the deoxidizing bed and thereafter through the pre-reforming bed. The pre-reforming assembly may further include a propane processor bed for processing propane and propylene in the fuel feedstock, where the propane processor bed is disposed within the common reaction vessel with the deoxidizing bed and the pre-reforming bed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing linear alkyl benzene and linear paraffins, the process including the steps of obtaining a hydrocarbon condensate containing olefins, paraffins and oxygenates from a low temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction; a) fractionating a desired carbon number distribution from the hydrocarbon condensate to form a fractionated hydrocarbon condensate stream; b) extracting oxygenates from the fractionated hydrocarbon condensate stream from step a) to form a stream containing olefins and paraffins; c) alkylating the stream containing olefins and paraffins from step b) with benzene in the presence of a suitable alkylation catalyst; and d) recovering linear alkyl benzene and linear paraffin.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon dehydrogenation process in which a hydrocarbon feed, normally a straight run naphtha, comprising acyclic and cyclic paraffins is dehydrogenated at elevated temperature of at least 540° C. with process heat provided at least in part by a solar or nuclear thermal energy source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst support, in which zirconium dioxide powder is mixed with a binder, if desired a pore former, if desired an acid, water and, if desired, further additives to give a kneadable composition and the composition is homogenized, shaped to produce shaped bodies, dried and calcined, wherein the binder is a monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric organosilicon compound. Suitable binders are monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric silanes, alkoxysilanes, aryloxysilanes, acryloxysilanes, oximinosilanes, halosilanes, aminoxysilanes, aminosilanes, amidosilanes, silazanes or silicones. The invention also provides the catalyst support which has been prepared in this way, a catalyst comprising the support and its use as dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The overall efficiency of a regenerative bed reverse flow reactor system is increased where the location of the exothermic reaction used for regeneration is suitably controlled. The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the combustion to improve the thermal efficiency of bed regeneration in a cyclic reaction/regeneration processes. The process for thermal regeneration of a regenerative reactor bed entails (a) supplying the first reactant through a first channel means in a first regenerative bed and supplying at least a second reactant through a second channel means in the first regenerative bed, (b) combining said first and second reactants by a gas mixing means situated at an exit of the first regenerative bed and reacting the combined gas to produce a heated reaction product, (c) passing the heated reaction product through a second regenerative bed thereby transferring heat from the reaction product to the second regenerative bed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalytic reformer system, including a feed stream to a catalytic reformer comprising naphtha and at least one manganese-containing compound. There is also disclosed a reformer catalyst. Methods of improving the reformer catalyst durability are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process and a device for the hydrodesulphurisation of an olefin and hydrogen-containing feed gas utilizes a feed gas which can be mixed with further hydrogen and subdivided into at least two feed streams. The first feed stream is introduced separately into the reactor and is passed through a first catalyst bed which contains the catalyst pellets deposited on a suitable support or grid. The feed stream is heated in the hydrogenation reaction. Downstream of first catalyst bed, further feed gas is supplied which serves to cool the reaction gas permitting that the gas can then be passed through a second catalyst bed. Downstream of the second catalyst bed there may be further catalyst beds and further feed gas supply devices. The catalyst beds can be provided in the reactor in any number, type and shape. These process conditions ensure that a product gas be obtained which essentially contains no other sulphur compound than hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of preparing a crystalline molecular sieve comprising: (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one source of ions of tetravalent element Y, at least one source of alkali metal hydroxide, water, optionally at least one seed crystal, and optionally at least one source of ions of trivalent element X, the reaction mixture having the following molar composition: Y:X2=2 to infinity, preferably from about 2 to about 1000, OH?:Y=0.001 to 2, preferably from 0.1 to 1, M+:Y=0.001 to 2, preferably from 0.

Abstract: For shortening the starting time of an autothermal reformer, the autothermal reformer is started by a method comprising: a first preheating step of heating a reforming catalyst up to a predetermined temperature with use of heating means, the heating means being positioned upstream of the reforming catalyst to heat the reforming catalyst; a second preheating step of stopping the heating after arrival at the predetermined temperature, feeding vaporized fuel and air to the reforming catalyst at the predetermined temperature, allowing the fuel to be oxidized by the reforming catalyst and thereby heating the reforming catalyst; and a starting step of also supplying steam to the reforming catalyst heated by the second preheating step and starting autothermal reforming under the condition for a steady state.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that include a crude product. The crude feed has a total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal, in metal salts of organic acids of at least 0.00001 grams per gram of crude feed. At least one of the catalysts includes vanadium. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa and has a total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal, in metal salts of organic acids of at most 90% of the total content of alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal, in metal salts of organic acids of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for contacting radially flowing fluids with a solid particulate (e.g., catalyst) with reduced tendency to form fluid jets that impinge on the solid particulate, leading to solid attrition and plugging, are described. Representative particle retention devices for use in these apparatuses and methods have flow channels passing therethrough, from a first surface to an opposing second surface that is adjacent to a particle retention zone. Widths of the flow channels at this opposing second surface will exceed their smallest flow channel widths.

Abstract: The overall efficiency of a regenerative bed reverse flow reactor system is increased where the location of the exothermic reaction used for regeneration is suitably controlled. The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the combustion to improve the thermal efficiency of bed regeneration in a cyclic reaction/regeneration processes. The process for thermal regeneration of a regenerative reactor bed entails (a) supplying the first reactant through a first channel means in a first regenerative bed and supplying at least a second reactant through a second channel means in the first regenerative bed, (b) combining said first and second reactants by a gas mixing means situated at an exit of the first regenerative bed and reacting the combined gas to produce a heated reaction product, (c) passing the heated reaction product through a second regenerative bed thereby transferring heat from the reaction product to the second regenerative bed.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving the cold flow properties of a hydrocarbon stream employing a substantially liquid-phase continuous hydroisomerization zone where the reaction zone has a substantially constant level of dissolved hydrogen throughout without the addition of additional hydrogen external to the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising a porous support, palladium, at least one metal selected from the group constituted by alkalis and alkaline-earths, in which: the specific surface area of the porous support is in the range 50 to 210 m2/g; the palladium content in the catalyst is in the range 0.05% to 2% by weight; at least 80% by weight of the palladium is distributed in a crust at the periphery of the support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 20 to 200 ?m; the metallic dispersion D is in the range 25% to 70%; the density of the palladium particles in the crust is in the range 1500 to 4100 particles of palladium per ?m2; and said alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal is distributed homogeneously across the support. The invention also concerns the preparation of the catalyst and its use in selective hydrogenation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for making shaped bodies having a silica content of at least 85 wt %, to shaped bodies made by such method, to catalyst compositions comprising shaped bodies made by such methods and to catalytic conversion processes using catalyst compositions comprising shaped bodies made by such methods. The method of making the shaped bodies comprises the steps of a) forming shaped bodies from a mixture obtained from at least one amorphous silica powder, at least one silica sol having a pH below 7, and at least one polymeric organic extrusion aid, optionally supplemental liquid medium and optionally crystallites of a zeolite or zeolite-type material; b) drying the shaped bodies obtained in step a); and c) heating the shaped bodies to a temperature ranging from about 500° C. to about 800° C.

Abstract: A complex metal oxide catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal MI and at least two Group VIB metals MII and MIII, wherein the molar ratio of Group VIII metal MI to Group VIB metals MII+MIII is 1:9-9:1 and the molar ratio of the Group VIB metals MII and MIII is 1:5 to 5:1. When applied to the hydrodesulfurization of diesel, the catalyst exhibits a super high HDS activity. The sulfur level in the diesel can be reduced from 1200 ppm to 27 ppm under a gentle operating condition.

Abstract: The reforming of heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water is accomplished by mixing together supercritical water, heavy oil, and oxidizing agent, thereby oxidizing vanadium in heavy oil with the oxidizing agent at the time of treatment with supercritical water and separate vanadium oxide. The separated vanadium oxide is removed by the scavenger after treatment with supercritical water. In this way it is possible to solve the long-standing problem with corrosion of turbine blades by vanadium which arises when heavy oil is used as gas turbine fuel.

Abstract: A catalytic reformer assembly comprising a mixing chamber wherein fuel and air are mixed. The wall of the mixing chamber tapers toward an outlet end. A catalyst bed formed in an annular shape surrounds the outlet end such that the walls of the mixing chamber shield the catalyst from direct exposure to fuel droplets injected into the mixing chamber. The fuel/air mixture flows out of the mixing chamber, then turns and counterflows through the catalyst bed outside the mixing chamber. Hot reformate from the catalyst bed flows in a reformate flow chamber extending along the outer surface of the walls of the mixing chamber, heating the wall surface within the mixing chamber for instantaneous evaporation of injected fuel. A plenum for incoming air surrounds the reformate flow chamber which is also heated thereby.

Abstract: The process as described herein produces a moderately aromatic isoparaffinic base oil from a distillate range product. This process comprises: (a) providing a distillate range paraffin feed comprising paraffins and cycloparaffins; (b) mildly reforming the distillate range paraffin feed to convert at least a portion of the cycloparaffins to alkylaromatics and provide a mildly reformed distillate range stream; (c) treating a stream comprising the mildly reformed distillate range stream in a molecular redistribution reactor to provide a distributed stream; (d) dewaxing at least a portion of the distributed stream to provide a dewaxed stream; (e) combining at least a portion of the dewaxed stream with the stream to be processed in the molecular redistribution reactor to provide the distributed stream; and (f) isolating a moderately aromatic isoparaffinic base oil from the dewaxed stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing an increased yield of gasoline of increased octane rating by the integration of a membrane separation processing step into the gasoline production process. The integrated process also increases hydrogen production from the reformer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing linear alkyl benzene, the process including the steps of obtaining a hydrocarbon condensate containing olefins, paraffins and oxygenates from a low temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction; a) fractionating a desired carbon number distribution from the hydrocarbon condensate to form a fractionated hydrocarbon condensate stream; b) extracting oxygenates from the fractionated hydrocarbon condensate stream from step (a) to form a stream containing olefins and paraffins; c) combining the stream containing olefins and paraffins from step (b) with the feed stream from step (g) to form a combined stream; d) alkylating olefins in the combined stream from step (c) with benzene in the presence of a suitable alkylation catalyst in an alkylation reactor; e) recovering linear alkyl benzene from the alkylation reactor; f) recovering unreacted paraffins from the alkylation reactor; g) dehydrogenating the unreacted paraffins in the presence of a suitable dehydrogenation catalyst

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon oil, which comprises an inorganic oxide support containing a certain amount of phosphorus oxide having provided thereon: at least one selected from metals in the Group 6 of the periodic table, at least one selected from metals in the Group 8 of the periodic table, and carbon, and which has a certain specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore diameter, a process for producing the same, and a method for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon oil using the same. Thereby, the catalyst can be produced in a simple and convenient manner and sulfur compounds in the hydrocarbon oil can be exceedingly highly desulfurized and simultaneously nitrogen compounds can be diminished without necessitating severe operating conditions.

Abstract: Method for controlling the reaction temperature in a catalytic bed (24) of a reactor (1) in which a chemical reaction takes place in pseudo-isothermal conditions by means of at least one heat exchanger (12), crossed by a respective operating fluid, immersed in the catalytic bed (24).

Abstract: A process to prepare base oils from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product by (a) separating the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product into a fraction (i) boiling in the middle distillate range and below, a heavy ends fraction (iii) and an intermediate base oil precursor fraction (ii) boiling between fraction (i) and fraction (iii), (b) subjecting the base oil precursor fraction (ii) to a catalytic hydroisomerisation and catalytic dewaxing process to yield one or more base oil grades, (c) subjecting the heavy ends fraction (iii) to a conversion step to yield a fraction (iv) boiling below the heavy ends fraction (iii) and (d) subjecting the high boiling fraction (v) of fraction (iv) to a catalytic hydroisomerisation and catalytic dewaxing process to yield one or more base oil grades.

Abstract: A process to prepare a waxy raffinate product by performing the following steps: (a) subjecting a Fischer-Tropsch derived product having a weight ratio of compounds boiling above 540° C. and compounds boiling between 370 and 540° C. of greater than 2 to a hydroconversion step and (b) fractionating the effluent of step (a) to obtain products boiling in the fuels range and a waxy raffinate product boiling between 350 and 600° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for removing mercury from a liquid or gas hydrocarbon stream, mixtures thereof, including mixtures of liquid streams with a solid carbonaceous substance, by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a composition comprising silver and a support material, wherein the composition as measured by ammonia chemisorption has a surface acidity in the range of 0.1-10.0 ?mole of irreversible NH3/g of the composition.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for facilitating adding a promoter metal to at least one catalyst particle in situ in a catalytic naphtha reforming unit. The process can include introducing a compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst naphtha reforming unit and adding an effective amount of the promoter metal from the compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst particle under conditions to effect such addition and improve a conversion of a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting Fischer-Tropsch wax to high quality lube basestocks using a molecular sieve Beta catalyst followed by a unidimensional intermediate pore molecular sieve with near circular pore structures having an average diameter of 0.50 nm to 0.65 nm wherein the difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum is ?0.05 nm. Both catalysts comprise one or more Group VIII metals. For example, a cascaded two-bed catalyst system consisting of a first bed Pt/Beta catalyst followed by a second bed Pt/ZSM-48 catalyst is highly selective for wax isomerization and lube hydrodewaxing with minimal gas formation.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing a solution formed by at least one cobalt and/or nickel salt of at least one heteropolyanion combining molybdenum and cobalt or molybdenum and nickel in its structure, said process comprising: a) mixing at least one source of molybdenum and at least one oxidizing compound in aqueous solution to synthesize peroxomolybdate ions at an acidic pH, the (oxidizing compound/molybdenum source) mole ratio being in the range 0.1 to 20; b) introducing at least one cobalt precursor and/or at least one nickel precursor into the solution from step a) to form a solution comprising at least said salt in which the (Co+Ni)/Mo mole ratio is in the range 0.25 to 0.85.

Abstract: A process comprising: a) taking a sample from a continuous reactor process, b)measuring a content of a halide in the sample, and c) in response to the measured content of the halide, adjusting a flow of a halide containing additive comprising the halide to control the process. Also, an apparatus comprising: a) a reactor holding an ionic liquid catalyst and a reactant mixture, b) a means for measuring levels of a halide in an effluent from the reactor, and c) a control system that receives a signal in response to the measuring and communicates changes in an operating condition that influences the yield of a product in the reactant mixture.

Abstract: A process to prepare a gasoline fuel by contacting a Fischer-Tropsch product with a catalyst system of an acidic matrix and a large pore molecular sieve wherein the Fischer-Tropsch product has a weight ratio of compounds having at least 60 or more carbon atoms and compounds having at least 30 carbon atoms in the Fischer-Tropsch product of at least 0.2 and wherein at least 30 wt % of compounds in the Fischer-Tropsch product have at least 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process to optimize the yield of gas oils from a Fischer-Tropsch derived feed by performing the following steps: (a) performing a hydroconversion/hydroisomerisation step on part of the Fischer-Tropsch derived feed; (b) performing a hydroconversion/hydroisomerisation step on another part of the Fischer-Tropsch feed at a conversion greater than the conversion in step (a); and (c) isolating by means of distillation a gas oil fraction from the two reaction products obtained in steps (a) and (b).

Abstract: A process for producing lube oil basestocks wherein a wax containing lube oil boiling range feedstream is converted into a basestock suitable for use in motor oil applications by contacting it with a hydrodewaxing catalyst containing a medium pore molecular sieve having deposited thereon an active metal oxide and at least one hydrogenation metal selected from the Group VIII and Group VIB metals.

Abstract: A process for producing a jet fuel, comprising contacting an olefin and an isoparaffin with an unsupported catalyst system comprising an ionic liquid catalyst and a halide containing additive in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions to make an alkylate product, and recovering the jet fuel from the alkylate product, wherein the jet fuel meets the boiling point, flash point, smoke point, heat of combustion, and freeze point requirements for Jet A-1 fuel. Also a process for producing a jet fuel, comprising providing a feed produced in a FC cracker comprising olefins, mixing the feed with an isoparaffin, alkylating the mixed feed in an ionic liquid alkylation zone, and separating the jet fuel from the alkylated product. We also provide a process comprising alkylating isobutane and butene in the presence of specific chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalysts, to produce a jet fuel.

Abstract: Process to optimize the yield of base oils from a Fischer-Tropsch derived feed by performing the following steps (a) performing a hydroconversion/hydroisomerization step on part of the Fischer-Tropsch derived feed; (b) performing a hydroconversion/hydroisomerization step on another part of the Fischer-Tropsch feed at a conversion greater than the conversion in step (a); and (c) isolating by means of distillation a fraction boiling in the base oil range from the two reaction products obtained in steps (a) and (b) and performing a pour point reducing step on said fraction.

Abstract: The reforming catalysts include a halogen promoter and a plurality of nanocatalyst particles supported on a support material. The nanocatalyst particles have a controlled crystal face exposure of predominately (110). The controlled coordination structure is manufactured by reacting a plurality of catalyst atoms with a control agent such as polyacrylic acid and causing or allowing the catalyst atoms to form nanocatalyst particles. The catalysts are used in a reforming reaction to improve the octane number of gasoline feedstock. The reforming catalysts show improved C5+ hydrocarbon production and improved octane barrel number increases as compared to commercially available reforming catalysts.

Abstract: A process has been developed for producing diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils, animal oils and greases. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide a diesel boiling range fuel hydrocarbon product. If desired, the hydrocarbon product can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrocarbon product is recycled to the treatment zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture. The renewable feedstock comprises from about 1 to about 20 wt. ppm phosphorus measured as elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an olefin is disclosed, the method comprising subjecting a paraffin to dehydrogenation in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline substrate, to obtain an olefin. The catalyst includes an inert stabilizing agent for maintaining the catalyst crystal structure. The catalyst may be regenerated by being subjected, in air, to a temperature between about 550° C. and about 750° C., for a period of time between about 15 minutes and about 4 hours.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can include a hydrocarbon conversion process. Generally, the process includes passing a hydrocarbon stream through a hydrocarbon conversion zone comprising a series of reaction zones. Typically, the hydrocarbon conversion zone includes a staggered-bypass reaction system having a first, second, third, and fourth reaction zones, which are staggered-bypass reaction zones, and a fifth reaction zone, which can be a non-staggered-bypass reaction zone, subsequent to the staggered-bypass reaction system.

Abstract: A process is disclosed process for converting a solid or highly viscous carbon-based energy carrier material to liquid and gaseous reaction products, said process comprising the steps of: a) contacting the carbon-based energy carrier material with a particulate catalyst material b) converting the carbon-based energy carrier material at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 450° C., preferably between 250° C. and 350° C., thereby forming reaction products in the vapor phase. In a preferred embodiment the process comprises the additional step of: c) separating the vapor phase reaction products from the particulate catalyst material within 10 seconds after said reaction products are formed; In a further preferred embodiment step c) is followed by: d) quenching the reaction products to a temperature below 200° C.

Abstract: Nanoparticulates of oxygen transfer materials that are oxides of rare earth metals, combinations of rare earth metals, and combinations of transition metals and rare earth metals are used as catalysts in a variety of processes. Unexpectedly large thermal efficiencies are achieved relative to micron sized particulates. Processes that use these catalysts are exemplified in a multistage reactor. The exemplified reactor cracks C6 to C20 hydrocarbons, desulfurizes the hydrocarbon stream and reforms the hydrocarbons in the stream to produce hydrogen. In a first reactor stage the steam and hydrocarbon are passed through particulate mixed rare earth metal oxide to crack larger hydrocarbon molecules. In a second stage, the steam and hydrocarbon are passed through particulate material that desulfurizes the hydrocarbon. In a third stage, the hydrocarbon and steam are passed through a heated, mixed transition metal/rare earth metal oxide to reform the lower hydrocarbons and thereby produce hydrogen.

Abstract: A system and method for recycling plastics. The system and method recover materials such as hydrocarbon gases, liquid hydrocarbon distillates, various polymers and/or monomers used to produce the original plastics. The system and method allow about one unit of input of energy input to the plastic recycler to be used to create one or more gaseous components and one or more liquid distillate components from a plastic that is being recycled. The one or more gaseous components and one or more liquid distillate components produce about one corresponding unit of useable output energy recovered from the recycling of the plastic.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can include a hydrocarbon conversion process. Generally, the process includes passing a hydrocarbon stream through a hydrocarbon conversion zone comprising a series of reaction zones. Typically, the hydrocarbon conversion zone includes a staggered-bypass reaction system having a first, second, third, and fourth reaction zones, which are staggered-bypass reaction zones, and a fifth reaction zone, which can be a non-staggered-bypass reaction zone, subsequent to the staggered-bypass reaction system.

Abstract: Methods for hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks, including hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, using rejuvenated supported metallic catalysts are provided. The supported metallic catalysts comprised of a Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, are rejuvenated by a process making use of these metals, an organic complexing agent, and optionally an organic additive. The rejuvenation includes stripping and regeneration of a spent or partially spent catalyst, followed by impregnation with metals and at least one organic compound. The impregnated, regenerated catalysts are dried, calcined, and sulfided.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for facilitating a transfer of a metal catalyst component from at least one donor particle to at least one recipient particle in a catalytic naphtha reforming unit. The process can include transferring an effective amount of the metal catalyst component from the at least one donor particle to the at least one recipient particle under conditions to effect such transfer to improve a conversion of a hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: For manufacturing micro-structured reactors with passageways loaded with catalyst using the pre-coat method, a method is provided which comprises the following method steps: a) producing reactor layers having bonding areas as well as passageway areas in which the passageways are formed, b) applying at least one bonding layer onto the reactor layers in the bonding areas, c) loading the reactor layers in the passageway areas with the catalyst and d) bonding the reactor layers, the bonding layer being applied and masked before the reactor layers are loaded with the catalyst. As a result, it is ensured that the efficiency of the catalyst will not be affected during manufacturing. The reactor may be used as a methane and methanol reformer in particular.

Abstract: Devices for reforming frying oil in a cooking vessel for the purpose of prolonging the freshness and usable life of the frying oil. The devices include beads that come into contact with the frying oil and reform the frying oil at ordinary temperatures, where each bead has a coating that is formed on the surface of a substrate and acts as a reforming catalyst. One of the devices includes a mounting adapter having flanges to mount on a pair of heating pipes or heating surfaces of a cooking vessel, a bead container for containing the beads; and hook brackets connected to the bead container and configured to couple to the mounting adapter so that the bead container is suspend to the mounting adapter during operation. The bead container has perforations on its walls to make the beads contact with the frying oil.

Abstract: Process for production of styrene by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in a reactor system comprising a dehydrogenation reactor and a fast riser catalyst regenerator.

Abstract: A reforming process in which a hydrocarbon feed containing aliphatic hydrocarbons is converted to a hydrocarbon product comprising an increased proportion of aromatics by passage over a reforming catalyst in a sequence of moving bed reactors operating under reforming conditions including moderate hydrogen pressure. The process is applicable when a former fixed moving bed reformer has been converted to moving bed reactor operation with the recycle and other ancillary equipment retained so that moderate pressure (hydrogen partial pressure at least 11 barg) is required, usually with a catalysts such as Pt/Re which tend to exhibit excessive hydrogenolysis activity in moving bed service. The recycle hydrogen stream is split with a portion going to at least one reactor subsequent to the first reactor.