Abstract: A hydrocarbon solvent is utilized to purge contaminants, such as sulfur, from a conversion system. Complementary contaminant-removal steps may include oxidation, reduction, and contaminant removal with a sacrificial particulate bed. This solvent purge avoids deactivation of a subsequently loaded contaminant-sensitive catalyst, such as a reforming catalyst selective for dehydrocyclization.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reforming hydrocarbons, particularly C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbons, to aromatics, by passing the hydrocarbons over a dehydrocyclization catalyst at dehydrocyclization conditions. The catalyst comprises a non-acidic large pore zeolite having a Group VIII metal and an alkaline earth metal, said alkaline earth metal having been impregnated onto the zeolite by contacting the zeolite with an alkaline earth metal solution of a concentration sufficient to result in the zeolite having an alkaline earth metal content of less than about 2% by weight of the zeolite.

Abstract: Improved, dehydrocyclization and low-pressure reforming processes based on a non-acidic metal containing crystalline microporous indium catalyst, in which the feed is rich in C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 low octane hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, and in which the reformate has increased aromatic content and increased octane value over that of the feed are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product stream by catalytically dehydrogenating a feed stream is disclosed. The process utilizes a plurality of dehydrogenation catalyst-filled tubes in a furnace with all of the tubes connected in parallel to a common product outlet conduit, so that the effluent of all of the tubes is contained in a common product stream. Essentially continuous regeneration of the dehydrogenation catalyst, is achieved by cyclically contacting a portion of the catalyst with an admixture of oxygen-containing regeneration gas and diluent while contacting the remaining portion of the catalyst with an admixture of hydrocarbon feed material and diluent, and wherein free hydrogen is added to react with the oxygen-containing regeneration effluent gas before the oxygen-containing effluent gas enters the product stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for catalytically reforming a gasoline boiling range hydrocarbonaceous feedstock in the presence of hydrogen in a reforming unit comprised of a plurality of serially connected reactors wherein one or more of the reactors contains a noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst selected from alkaline faujasites and L-type zeolite which zeolites are prepared by a: (a) treating the alkaline faujasite or L-type zeolite with one or both of Pt(acetylacetonate).sub.2 or Pd(acetylacetonate).sub.2 for an effective amount of time; and (b) calcining the so treated zeolite at a temperature from about 250.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. for an effective amount of time.

Abstract: A method for reforming naphtha feeds which comprises contacting said feed, in the presence of hydrogen and at reforming conditions, with a catalyst comprised of platinum and iridium agglomerated to exhibit a crystallinity of at least 50% as measured by X-ray, and an alumina support material modified with at least about 100 wppm of Si and at least 10 wppm and one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr, wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A process for production of dimethylnaphthalenes is disclosed, comprising subjecting a raffinate resulting from the recovery of normal paraffins from a hydrodesulfurized kerosene fraction to reforming reaction and then recovering dimethylnaphthalenes from the product oil.

Abstract: A process for reforming gasoline boiling range naphthas which process comprises use of catalysts comprised of Pt and Sn on alumina and a modifier comprised of at least about 100 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: Long chain (C.sub.7+) paraffins are isomerized over a large pore, highly siliceous zeolite catalyst such as zeolite Y or ZSM-20 having a structural silica:alumina ratio of at least 10:1. The use of the highly siliceous zeolite inhibits the degree of cracking and also permits weaker hydrogenation components such as palladium to be used in the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons in a high yield by introducing a naphtha fraction the cyclopentane content of which is controlled to not more than 1% by weight, or the methylpentane content is controlled to not more than 10% by weight, in a catalytic reaction tower, and contacting with a catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite containing at least one of Group VII metals of the Periodic Table. In this process, the catalyst cycle is greatly lengthened.

Abstract: Valuable product yield and catalyst useful life are improved by regenerating spent catalyst at temperatures below those maintained in the reaction zone. Relatively cold regenerated catalyst is then preheated and reactor effluent product is quenched by directly contacting the regenerated catalyst with hot reactor effluent product. The quenching step minimizes undesirable thermal cracking of valuable product to C.sub.2 -light gas. The process and apparatus are useful both in aromatization and dehydrogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention comprises a reforming catalyst and process with an unsulfided catalyst comprising Zeolite L, in which the cationic sites have been exchanged to contain potassium or barium or both; a Group VIII noble metal and rhenium, where the ratio of noble metal to rhenium is from about 0.1:1 to about 10:0. This catalyst gives improved selectivity toward aromatics formation and has improved sulfur tolerance compared to other L zeolite reforming catalysts.

Abstract: A sacrificial particulate bed is utilized to remove contaminants, such as sulfur, from a conversion system. Subsequently, the sacrificial particulate bed is replaced by a contaminant-sensitive catalyst, such as a reforming catalyst selective for dehydrocyclization.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-24 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ion as a template.

Abstract: An improved, low-pressure dehydrocyclization and/or reforming process based on a non-acidic metal containing crystalline microporous tin catalyst, in which the feed is rich in low octane hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, and in which the product has increased aromatic content and increased octane value over that of the feed.

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst containing at least one noble metal and at least one alkali metal wherein the amount of the latter component exceeds the cationic exchange capacity of the zeolite has been found to be highly useful for catalytic reforming.

Abstract: An improved process for pretreating a naphtha comprising contacting said naphtha prior to reforming with a zeolite catalyst containing at least one noble metal and at least one alkali metal.

Abstract: A process for removing residual sulfur from a hydrotreated naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is contacted with molecular hydrogen under reforming conditions in the presence of a less sulfur sensitive reforming catalyst, thereby converting trace sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S, and forming a first effluent. The first effluent is contacted with a solid sulfur sorbent, removing the H.sub.2 S and forming a second effluent. The second effluent is contacted with a highly selective reforming catalyst under severe reforming conditions.

Abstract: A process selective for converting dimethylhexanes to aromatic analogs is described. Application of the exhibited selectivity of the process allows upgrading alkylate dimethylhexane(s) of low RON to produce higher RON analogs without affecting changes in other components of the alkylate. The catalysts preferred comprise platinum and non-acidic supports such as [Sn]ZSM-5 and [In]ZSM-5.

Abstract: A dual-mode hydrocarbon conversion process is provided which comprises reforming a sulfur-, nitrogen- and/or olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g. an FCC gasoline, in a conversion unit operated under reforming conditions employing as catalyst a noble metal-containing crystalline silicate having a Constraint Index of not greater than about 2 and a framework SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of at least about 50 to provide a relatively high yield of high octane reformate and a relatively low yield of C.sub.3-4 hydrocarbons prior to or following hydrocracking the feedstock in the unit operated under hydrocracking conditions in the presence of the aforesaid catalyst to provide a relatively low yield of high octane hydrocrackate and a relatively high yield of C.sub.3-4 hydrocarbons. The latter can be separated from the liquid product and processed in a gas plant to provide LPG products.

Abstract: The dehydrocyclization of a feed containing one or more acyclic hydrocarbons capable of undergoing ring closure to provide aromatic hydrocarbons is accomplished by contacting the feed under dehydrocyclization conditions with a zeolite L dehydrocyclization catalyst which is substantially free of zeolite T and which contains at least one Group VIII metal component, thereby converting at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbon content of the feed to aromatic compound(s). Use of the foregoing zeolite L dehydrocyclization catalyst has been found to result in less non-selective hydrocracking of naphtha range materials to gaseous hydrocarbons and greater conversion of low octane paraffins to high octane aromatics than that achieved with a zeolite L synthesized by a prior procedure which results in the co-production of zeolite T contaminant.

Abstract: An improved, low-pressure reforming process based on non-acidic metal containing crystalline microporous catalyst, in which the feed is a naptha rich in C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 low octane hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, and in which the reformate has increased aromatic content and increased octane value over that of the feed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which provides improved control over the noble-metal exchange of zeolite catalyst by using bulky organic bases to control pH during the metal loading step.

Abstract: Titanium-aluminum-silicon-oxide molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The molecular sieves have a unit empirical formula on an anhydrous basis ofmR: (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic+emplating agent; "m" represents the moles of "R" present per mole of (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of titanium, aluminum and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides.

Abstract: A continuous process for hydrocarbon conversion wherein a hydrocarbon charge stock is catlytically converted in the presence of hydrogen at hydrocarbon conversion conditions including a first inlet temperature, a first hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio and a first mass flow rate of hydrocarbon into a hydrocarbon product stream in a high space velocity moving bed radial flow reactor containing catalyst wherein at least a portion of the catalyst is pinned and thereby immobilized during high space velocity conversion which process comprises: (a) reducing the first inlet temperature of the reactor by about 10.degree. F. (5.5.degree. C.) to about 100.degree. F. (55.5.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalytic treatment of paraffin feeds to alter the hydrogen content of the feed, for example, by producing effluents the aromatic content of which exceeds that of the feed in which the catalyst is a non-acidic composition containing a strong dehydrogenation/hydrogenation metal and zeolite beta in non-acidic form.

Abstract: Long chain (C.sub.7+) paraffins are isomerized over a large pore, highly siliceous zeolite catalyst such as zeolite Y or ZSM-20 having a structural silica:alumina ratio of at least 10:1. The use of the highly siliceous zeolite inhibits the degree of cracking and also permits weaker hydrogenation components such as palladium to be used in the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalytic reformng of a naphtha feed to provide high octane aromatic components employs a low acidity refractory oxide-bound intermediate and/or large pore zeolite prepared with at least an extrusion-facilitating amount of low acidity refractory oxide in colloidal form and containing at least one metal species selected from the platinum group metals.

Abstract: A process for converting a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 paraffinic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics by contacting the feed with a noble metal/low acidity medium pore size zeolite catalyst in a conversion zone by modifying the noble metal component of the catalyst to its sulfide form by either presulfiding the catalyst or adding at least one of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2 or an organic sulfur compound to the feed in an amount effective to suppress hydrogenolysis and increase aromatic selectivity of the catalyst.

Abstract: This process is for the reforming of (particularly; the aromatization of and isomerization of) alkanes to produce aromatics isonomal alkanes. Although the process and catalyst parameters can be adjusted to produce a majority of one or the other of the aromatic or isomerate products, the process is especially favorable for the production of a superior gasoline blending component having high octane blending values and containing significant amounts of both aromatics and branched paraffins. Only a small amount of cracking takes place. The process is catalytic and uses a high silica faujasite type zeolite, which contains a catalytic amount of at least one Group VIII noble metal, particularly platinum, within the pores of the zeolite.

Abstract: Catalytic dewaxing of wax containing hydrocarbon feedstocks is undertaken in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a dehydrogenation metal in combination with a non-acidic microporous crystalline material to maximize liquid yield.

Abstract: Reforming to produce aromatics from aliphatics, using a bound zeolite catalyst containing a Group VIII metal such as platinum, has been found to be extremely sensitive to water, even at water concentrations as low as 3 ppm in the feed, unless certain catalysts having a low water sensitivity index are used. The water sensitivity index (WSI) is described and methods for making catalysts with a low WSI are described. The sulfur content of the feed to the reforming/aromatics production process is preferably below 50 parts per billion. The catalyst used in the reforming process is preferably a high crush strength catalyst and is preferably prepared by steps including treating L zeolite with a binding enhancement agent prior to binding with a binder such as silica, silica/alumina or alumina.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting a feedstock comprising a preponderant amount of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 aliphatic compounds to a product having a high proportion of benzene in a two stage process, with the effluent from the first stage passing directly to the second stage, i.e., with no intermediate processing such as purification or separation. In the first stage, the feedstock is contacted under suitable conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having a Constraint Index in the approximate range of 1 to 12 and a degree of acidity indicated by an alpha value of at least about 3.

Abstract: A catalyst for dehydrocyclization is disclosed comprising a Group VIII metal, the zeolite UHP-Y and, optionally, a halogen component. The instant invention provides reforming processes wherein more valuable products are formed that heretofore formed by use of other zeolite-containing catalysts.

Abstract: A process for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions by contacting said feed, and hydrogen, with a halogenated, supported platinum-rhenium catalyst promoted with an agglomerated iridium component. The iridium component is agglomerated sufficient to exhibit a crystallinity greater than 50 percent, preferably greater than 75 percent, and more preferably 100 percent, as measured by X-ray.

Abstract: A novel dehydrocyclization process for the conversion of C.sub.6 -plus paraffins to their corresponding aromatics is presented. This process is characterized by a unique catalytic composite which contains a nonacidic L-zeolite, a Group VIII metal component and sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of from about 40 to about 500. A further characterization is that the catalyst is prepared without subjecting the L-zeolite to a solution having a pH of greater than 9, and without appreciable loss of SiO.sub.2 from the L-zeolite.

Abstract: Reforming and dehydrocyclization catalysts and processes are disclosed wherein reforming catalysts comprise a Group VIII metal and at least one medium pore non-zeolitic molecular sieve characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of isobutane of at least 2 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 500 torr and a termperature of 20.degree. C. and characterized by an adsorption of triethylamine less than about 5 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 2.6 torr and a temperature of 22.degree. C. In one embodiment the catalyst includes a Group VII metal on a halogenated carrier.

Abstract: Naphtha is isomerized using a medium-pore zeolite catalyst.Isomerization is accomplished by contacting the hydrocarbon with the medium-pore zeolite catalyst at a temperature in the range 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., preferably, at a space velocity of 0.05 to 75 v/v/hr, preferably, at a pressure at 14.7 to 1500 psig.The medium zeolite catalyst employed has a silica to alumina ratio in the range of about 5 to >30, preferably 10-20, more preferably 12-17 and a pore size of about 5.5 to 6.8 .ANG.. The preferred medium pore zeolite is a zeolite of the offretite type. The zeolite preferably has associated with it a hydrogenation component which is typically a Group VIII metal, oxide or sulphide, or mixtures thereof, preferably platinum or palladium. The preferred offretite type zeolite may be any of the readily available commercial materials and may have their SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor system for effecting the contact of a reactant stream with catalyst particles that are movable by gravity flow through the system, which comprises in combination: (a) a vertically elongated confined reaction chamber; (b) a catalyst loading chamber having a fixed volume located outside of and generally overhead of the reaction chamber whereby fresh catalyst particles gravitationally flow downward into the chamber; (c) concentrically spaced apart wall members which provide an annular-form catalyst-retaining section that is spaced inwardly from the wall of the reaction chamber to additionally provide a manifold space around the section and a cylindrical center pipe volume, the wall members having a perforate screen lower end and an imperforate upper end wherein the imperforate upper end defines a portion of the annular-form catalyst-retaining section having a volume of greater than about 100% of the catalyst loading chamber; (d) an imperforate cover means over the annular-form catalyst-retain

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for improving the octane quality of a naphtha which process comprises contacting the naphtha, at pressures ranging from about 25 psig to about 175 psig, with hydrogen introduced at a rate ranging from about 1000 SCF/B to about 5000 SCF/B, at a temperature from about 800.degree. F. to about 1100.degree. F., and a space velocity ranging from about 1 W/H/W to about 5 W/H/W, and with a catalyst comprised of the metals platinum, rhenium, and iridium on a refractory porous inorganic oxide support, wherein the concentration of each of platinum and rhenium is at least 0.1 percent, and that of iridium is at least 0.15 percent, and at least one of said metals is present in a concentration of at least 0.3 percent, and the sum total of said metals is present in a concentration greater than 0.9 percent.

Abstract: A process for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions by contacting said feed, and hydrogen, with a halogenated, supported platinum catalyst promoted with an agglomerated iridium component. The iridium component is agglomerated sufficient to exhibit a crystallinity greater than 50 percent, preferably greater than 75 percent, and more preferably 100 percent, as measured by x-ray.

Abstract: A method for drying a catalytic absorbent involves the contacting of a drying fluid with the wet absorbent until the absorbent is reduced to a desired level of water content. Prior to startup of a process employing a catalytic absorbent to remove impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon, water is removed from the absorbent by contact with the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An improved catalytic reforming catalyst and process are disclosed for converting hydrocarbons to higher octane products through use of a catalyst which has a specified surface area, pore volume and a modified pore volume distribution. The catalyst exhibits increased activity when used in a reforming process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for isomerization of sulfur containing isomerizable hydrocarbons, especially saturated hydrocarbons having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for isomerizing a sulfur containing combined feed where the sulfur compounds are controlled to achieve a level of from about 5 wt. ppm to about 150 wt. ppm utilizing a catalyst composition containing a hydrogen form crystalline aluminosilicate, a Group VIII metal, a refractory oxide and having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Superior isomerization performance is obtained with a catalytic composite comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a hydrogen-form crystalline alumino-silicate incorporated with a refractory inorganic oxide. The superior performance is a direct result of the catalyst composite having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g. A novel method of preparing an isomerization catalyst having a surface area of at least 580 m.sup.2 /g is presented, along with a novel process for the isomerization of isomerizable hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel base-exchanged shape-selective hydrogenation-dehydrogenation-dehydrocyclization catalyst composition which is a zeolite matrix having a silica-alumina ratio of at least 12, and having a shape-selective functioning intrazeolitic Group VIII metal content between about 0.01-10 weight percent.The zeolite catalyst is adapted for efficient shape-selective metal function hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation and aromatization conversion of hydrocarbon mixtures, with a minimized acid-catalyzed cracking activity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein a naphtha feed is contacted in a reaction vessel with a dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising a large-pore zeolite containing at least one Group VIII metal to produce an aromatics product and a gaseous stream, the aromatics product is separated from the gaseous stream and is passed through a molecular sieve which adsorbs paraffins present in the aromatics product, then the gaseous stream is used to strip the paraffins from the molecular sieve, and the gaseous stream and the paraffins are recycled to the reaction vessel. Preferably, the dehydrocyclization catalyst comprises a type L zeolite containing from 8% to 15% by weight barium and from 0.6% to 1.0% by weight platinum, wherein at least 80% of the crystals of the type L zeolite are larger than 1000 Angstroms, and an inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, and aluminosilicates.

Abstract: A class of bound catalysts which exhibit superior activity maintenance in dehydrocyclization reactions are defined as a type L zeolite having exchangeable cations of which at least 75% are selected from Group IA and calcium and barium cations and containing well dispersed particles of at least one Group VIII noble metal where at least 90% of the noble metal thereof is dispersed in the form of particles having a diameter less than 7 .ANG.. The catalysts may also be identified as type L zeolites loaded with at least one Group VIII noble metal which have a terminal cracking index (as a measure of production of pentanes versus butanes from hexane) of at least 1.5.

Abstract: A naphtha feed is contacted in a reaction vessel with a dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising a large-pore zeolite containing at least one Group VIII metal to produce an aromatics product and a gaseous stream, the aromatics product is separated from the gaseous stream and is passed through a molecular sieve which adsorbs paraffins present in the aromatics product, then the gaseous stream is used to strip the paraffins from the molecular sieve, and the gaseous stream and the paraffins are recycled to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process for reforming a full boiling range naptha feed to enhance benzene yield is disclosed which first separates the feed into a .[.C.sub.6 .]. .Iadd.lighter .Iaddend.fraction .[.containing at least 10% by volume of C.sub.7+ hydrocarbons.]. .Iadd., comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of C.sub.6, C.sub.7, and C.sub.8 hydrocarbons, .Iaddend.and a .[.C.sub.7 +.]. .Iadd.heavier .Iaddend.fraction, then subjecting the .[.C.sub.6 .]. .Iadd.lighter .Iaddend.fraction to a catalytic aromatization process .[.and subjecting the C.sub.7 + fraction to a catalytic reforming process, followed by recovering the aromatics produced.]..Iadd.in the presence of a non-acidic catalyst.Iaddend..