Abstract: A new catalyst is disclosed which is useful for dehydrocyclizing alkanes. This catalyst contains a zeolite of the L family, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A new catalyst is disclosed which is useful for dehydrocyclizing alkanes. This catalyst contains a type L zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal. Preferably, this catalyst contains a type L zeolite, from 0.1% to 5% by weight platinum and from 1% to 20% by weight barium.

Abstract: A class of catalysts which exhibit superior activity maintenance in dehydrocyclization reactions are defined as a type L zeolite having exchangeable cations of which at least 75% are selected from Group IA and calcium and barium cations and containing well dispersed particles of at least one Group VIII noble metal where at least 90% of the noble metal prior to reduction thereof is dispersed in the form of particles having a diameter less than 7 .ANG.. The catalysts may also be identified as type L zeolites loaded with at least one Group VIII noble metal which have a terminal cracking index (as a measure of production of pentanes versus butanes from hexane) of at least 1.5.

Abstract: A method of dehydrocyclizing alkanes is disclosed wherein the alkanes are contacted with a catalyst containing a large-pore zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal wherein the Selectivity Index is greater than 60%.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process comprising at least two reforming zones each having a separate recycle gas system, the first reforming zone operated at conventional low pressure reforming conditions and the second reforming zone operated at a total pressure stepped below that of the first reforming zone, thereby increasing the overall selectivity and yield of the reforming process.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a reforming catalyst in the presence of a halogen at conditions which favor dehydrocyclization, isomerization, and dehydroisomerization of the hydrocarbon feed. The degree of the isomerization and dehydroisomerization is controlled by adjusting the amount of halogen present. The amount of halogen present can be adjusted on stream by the addition of halogen-containing gas or water. The reforming catalyst comprises a large-pore zeolite, containing at least one Group VIII metal. In one embodiment, the reforming catalyst comprises: (a) a large-pore zeolite containing barium and platinum; and (b) an acidic or acidifiable inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of silica-alumina, zirconia-silica and alumina.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a reforming catalyst in a reaction vessel to produce a reformate, hydrogen, methane, and ethane are stripped from the reformate in a first separator, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are stripped from the stripped reformate in a second separator, and then a portion of the hydrogen, methane, and ethane; and substantially all of the C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are recycled to the reaction vessel as heat carrier.

Abstract: In a process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of a sulfur-sensitive polymetallic platinum-containing catalyst, the beds of catalyst are contacted with a hydrocarbon or naphtha feed, and hydrogen, at reforming conditions to produce a hydrocarbon, or naphtha product of improved octane, the improvement wherein, at start-up, sulfur is added to the tail reactor of the series, and excluded from the lead reactor. Increased hydrogen purity, aromatics, and C.sub.5 + liquid yields are obtained, and there is less gas make.

Abstract: A process for reforming a full boiling range naptha feed to enhance benzene yield is disclosed which first separates the feed into a C.sub.6 fraction containing at least 10% by volume of C.sub.7 + hydrocarbons and a C.sub.7 + fraction, then subjecting the C.sub.6 fraction to a catalytic aromatization process and subjecting the C.sub.7 + fraction to a catalytic reforming process, followed by recovering the aromatics produced.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalytic reforming process, operated in the presence of a catalyst containing a carrier formed in major part of alumina and an active phase, the alumina carrier being obtained by admixing an alumina binding agent with a charge of alumina base.At least a portion of the active phase or its precursor is introduced during the manufacture of the carrier, either in the binding agent or in the charge, during the admixture of the charge with a binding agent.

Abstract: Hydrogenation of hydrocarbons with catalysts produced by co-gelling a smectite with an inorganic metal oxide which is unstable with respect to retaining a high surface area, to produce a co-gel of high surface area which has good retention of surface area at high temperatures. Suitable smectites for the practice of this invention are hectorite, chlorite, montmorillionite, beidellite, or admixtures of two or more of these materials with each other or with other materials, or the like. Exemplary of inorganic oxide gels suitable for the practice of this invention are the Group IV-B metal oxides, especially titanium oxide, and other metal oxides such as the oxides of thorium, uranium, silicon, aluminum, and the like. A crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite can be composited with this material to supply an acidic function.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Component A and a Component B, said Component A comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component B consisting essentially of a crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve, and said catalyst having been prepared by thoroughly and intimately blending finely-divided particles of said Components A and B to provide a thoroughly-blended composite.The catalyst can be employed suitably in hydrocarbon conversion processes. In particular, the catalyst can be employed in a process for the reforming of a hydrocarbon stream. More particularly, the catalyst can be used as the second catalyst in a two-catalyst reforming process.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprises a porous gel of an inorganic substance, for example a refractory inorganic oxide, and has a surface area in the range 125 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, a mean pore diameter in the range 140 to 190 .ANG. with at least 80% of the pore volume contained in pores having a pore size range of 50 to 90 .ANG.. The invention also relates to catalysts based on such supports and to hydrocarbon conversion processes, for example reforming, carried out in the presence of hydrogen and employing said catalysts.

Abstract: Paraffinic naphthas, the C.sub.8.sup.+ aromatics content of which is below about 5 wt. % can be reformed to provide higher C.sub.5.sup.+ LV% yields by blending C.sub.8.sup.+ aromatics with said naphtha composition to raise the C.sub.8.sup.+ aromatic concentration above such level. Preferably the addition of the C.sub.8.sup.+ aromatics to such blend is sufficient to raise the C.sub.8.sup.+ aromatics level of the blend to concentrations above about 5 wt. %, preferably to concentrations ranging from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for maintaining a substantially continuous gas flow through particulate solids in two zones. The solids are moved from a low pressure zone to a high pressure zone by means of a valveless lock hopper system. Maintenance of gas flow while simultaneously transferring particles between zones is accomplished without the use of moving equipment such as valves. The invention is particularly applicable in the regeneration of catalyst used in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as catalytic reforming.

Abstract: Paraffins having a carbon number in excess of 10 are converted to aromatics, such as n-alkylbenzenes, over a dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising a large-pore zeolite containing at least one Group VIII metal. This process is carried out at a pressure of less than 100 psig. The dehydrocyclization catalyst can contain an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium, and calcium. Preferably, the dehydrocyclization catalyst has from 8 to 10 percent by weight barium and from 0.2 to 1.0 percent by weight platinum, and the large-pore zeolite is a type L zeolite.

Abstract: Y Zeolites are prepared with rare earth cations and Group VIII metal cations exchanged thereinto, such zeolites being especially useful in hydrocracking catalysts. The zeolites of the invention are prepared by exchanging a sodium Y zeolite with cations of one or more rare earth elements followed by a calcination, an ammonium ion exchange, and a Group VIII metal cation exchange. The resultant zeolite is not only highly active for catalytically promoting hydrocracking reactions but is also, after use in hydrocracking environments resulting in coke deposition, essentially completely regenerable by combustion of the coke.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process wherein composite catalyst particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas. The composition is one which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The particles contain a non-ferromagnetic component, or components, composited with one or a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process for the operation of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The process utilizes catalyst compositions characterized as a particulate material which can be oriented within, and formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed which comprises: (i) particles of average size ranging from about 10 micrometers (.mu.m) to about 4000 .mu.m, each containing a nonferromagnetic component and a catalytically active component composited with a single elongate ferromagnetic component or plurality of parallelly aligned elongate ferromagnetic components. The ferromagnetic component, or components, are multidomain, having dimensions of at least 1 .mu.m in all directions and a length:diameter (L/D) ratio of at least 2 but not more than 17.3, and the ferromagnetic component, or components, is present in the composite particles as inclusions within a nonferromagnetic matrix constituting at least 0.5%, preferably at least 5%, but not more than 3/2(L/D).sup.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process with a composition which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and which comprises particles containing a nonferromagnetic component, or components, composited with a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, randomly oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles; a process for formation of said compositions and a process wherein such composite particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas.

Abstract: A metal catalyst preferably comprised of a platinum/rhenium metal combination, supported on alumina is activated for the reforming of hydrocarbon feedstock, by being contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature sufficient to oxidize the metal catalyst and then being reduced sequentially by contacting the catalyst with a stream of hydrogen at about 650.degree. to about 750.degree. F. for a first period of time and then at about 900.degree. to about 1000.degree. F. for a second period of time, followed by sulfiding of the sequentially reduced catalyst. The sequential reduction procedure increases the selectivity of the reforming catalyst and results in increased C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid product yields.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprises a porous gel of an inorganic substance, for example a refractory inorganic oxide, and has a surface area in the range 125 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, a mean pore diameter in the range 140 to 190 .ANG. with at least 80% of the pore volume contained in pores having a pore size range of 50 to 90 .ANG.. The invention also relates to catalysts based on such supports and to hydrocarbon conversion processes, for example reforming, carried out in the presence of hydrogen and employing said catalysts.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic compounds may be prepared by utilizing paraffinic hydrocarbon as an alkylating agent for the aromatic compound. The alkylation is effected in a fragmented scavenging reaction in which the paraffinic hydrocarbon acts as a fragment donor while the aromatic compound acts as a scavenging agent. The reaction is effected by decomposing a paraffinic hydrocarbon on the surface of a nonacid-acting catalyst at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 400.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 0.33 atmospheres to about 50 atmospheres.

Abstract: Platinum or other platinum-group metals can be deposited substantially on the surface only of pellets of a refractory catalyst support by impregnation with an aqueous solution of such as hexammonium platinum tetrasulfite. The resulting catalysts contain relatively small total amounts of platinum-group metal positioned primarily at the surface, yet are as highly active as catalysts uniformly impregnated throughout the body of the pellet and containing much larger amounts of platinum-group metal. The catalyst further can contain rhenium.

Abstract: There is provided, in accordance with the present invention, a catalyst composition made up of a mixture of two components, one component comprising a minor proportion of platinum and rhenium on a support and the second component comprising a minor proportion of iridium and rhenium on a separate support. A process for reforming a charge stock, such as naphtha, utilizing such catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst constituted of platinum, rhenium, and tellurium composited with a porous inorganic support material, especially alumina, is more selective in hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly reforming, or hydroforming, when pretreated in a sequence which includes the steps of oxidation and dry hydrogen reduction.

Abstract: A new catalyst composition for converting hydrocarbons is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component and a phosphorous component with a porous support material. The catalyst is made by compositing a platinum group component with a porous support material and then contacting that composite with phosphorus or a compound of phosphorus. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a catalyst comprising platinum, phosphorus and chlorine with alumina is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Componet A, a Component B, and a Component C, said Component A comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component B comprising a small amount of a non-noble metal of Group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, preferably cobalt, on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component C comprising a small amount of gallium deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, and said catalyst having been prepared by thoroughly and intimately blending finely-divided particles of said Component A, B, and C to provide a thoroughly-blended composite.The catalyst can be employed suitably in a hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: An improved reforming catalyst employing a zeolite L support is provided by soaking the zeolite L in an alkali solution having a pH of at least 11 for a time and at a temperature effective to increase the period of time over which the catalytic activity of the catalyst is maintained.

Abstract: There is provided, in accordance with the present invention, a catalyst composition made up of a mixture of two components, one component comprising a minor proportion of platinum and rhenium on a support and the second component comprising a minor proportion of iridium and rhenium on a separate support. A process for reforming a charge stock, such as naphtha, utilizing such catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Component A, a Component B, and a Component C, said Component A comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component B comprising a small amount of a non-noble metal of Group VIII selected from cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, preferably cobalt, on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, said Component C comprising a small amount of gallium deposed on a solid catalyst support material providing acidic catalytic sites, and said catalyst having been prepared by thoroughly and intimately blending finely-divided particles of said Components A, B, and C to provide a thoroughly-blended composite.The catalyst can be employed suitably in a hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: A new catalyst composition for converting hydrocarbons is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component and a phosphorous component with a porous support material. The catalyst is made by compositing a platinum group component with a porous support material and then contacting that composite with phosphorus or a compound of phosphorus. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a catalyst comprising platinum, phosphorus and chlorine with alumina is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, and a zinc component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a zinc component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % zinc, and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed having a very high selectivity for dehydrocyclization. In one aspect of this process, a hydrocarbon feed is subjected to hydrotreating, then the hydrocarbon feed is passed through a sulfur removal system which reduces the sulfur concentration of the hydrocarbon feed to below 500 ppb, and then the hydrocarbon feed is reformed over a dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite containing at least one Group VIII metal to produce aromatics and hydrogen.

Abstract: A new porous silico-crystal, designated as ZSM-48, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0.05 to 5) N.sub.2 O:(0.1 to 10)M.sub.2 /.sub.n O:(0 to 4) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(100) SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n, N is a mixture of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylamine and more preferably of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 tetramethyl ammonium compound, and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive x-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in Table I.

Abstract: A new catalyst is disclosed which is useful for dehydrocyclizing alkanes. This catalyst contains a type L zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal. This catalyst has been reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of from 480.degree. C. to 620.degree. C.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a dehydrocyclization catalyst containing a large-pore zeolite and a Group VIII metal, then the resulting reformate is upgraded using an intermediate pore size zeolite.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, employing one or a series of reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the rearward most reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the forward most reforming zone is constituted of platinum, or platinum and a relatively low concentration of a promoter metal, especially rhenium. In the rearward reaction zones, at least 40 percent, and preferably from 40 percent to about 90 percent, based on the total weight of catalyst in the reactor, or reactors of the unit, is constituted of a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst, the weight ratio of rhenium:plantinum of which at least about 1.5:1, a preferably 2:1, or greater. The beds of catalyst are contacted with a hydrocarbon or naphtha feed, and hydrogen, at reforming conditions to produce a hydrocarbon, or naphtha product of improved octane, and the product is withdrawn.

Abstract: A catalyst regeneration process wherein a platinum-iridium catalyst promoted with one or more of copper, sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid, or selenium components, preferably a platinum-iridium-selenium catalyst, is contacted with naphtha and the naphtha reformed at fluidized bed or magnetically stabilized fluidized bed severities for a period of at least 0.25 hours or at cyclic severities for a period of at least about 60 hours, or at semi-regenerative severities for a period of at least about 600 hours, and the catalyst then regenerated by contact with hydrogen.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, employing one or a series of reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the rearward most reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the forward most reforming zone is constituted of platinum, or platinum and a relatively low concentration of a promoter metal, especially rhenium. In the rearward reaction zones, at least 40 percent, and preferably from 40 percent to about 90 percent, based on the total weight of catalyst in the reactor, or reactors of the unit, is constituted of a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst, the weight ratio of rhenium:platinum of which at least about 1.5:1, and preferably 2:1, or greater. The beds of catalyst are contacted at start-of-run temperatures ranging from about 875.degree. F. to about 935.degree. F.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the rearward most reforming zones is constituted of a high rhenium, platinum rhenium catalyst, viz., a catalyst comprising supported platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium relative to the platinum, and preferably the catalyst in the forwardmost reforming zone, or reactor of the series, is constituted of platinum, or platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium relative to the platinum. At least 30 percent, preferably from 40 percent to about 90 percent, of the rearward most reactors of the unit, or even 100 percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst in all of the reactors of the unit, contain a high rhenium, platinum rhenium catalyst, the weight ratio of rhenium:platinum being at least about 1.5:1.

Abstract: A method of dehydrocyclizing alkanes is disclosed wherein the alkanes are contacted with a catalyst containing a large-pore zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal. The amount of Group VIII metal and the amount of alkaline earth metal present in the catalyst are adjusted so that the selectivity for n-hexane of the dehydrocyclization reaction is greater than 60%.

Abstract: Process for isomerizing linear ethylenic hydrocarbons to branched ethylenic hydrocarbons having the same number of carbon atoms in the molecule, in the presence of steam and of a catalyst containing alumina, silica and a metal or compound of a metal selected from chromium, palladium, nickel, copper and silver at critical concentrations of silica and of metal, and with a critical proportion of water with respect to the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A new process for reforming hydrocarbons is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for making a catalyst utilized in the process. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component and a phosphorous component with a porous support material. The catalyst is made by compositing a platinum group component with a porous support material and then contacting that composite with phosphorus or a compound of phosphorus to incorporate the phosphorous component. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a catalyst comprising platinum, phosphorus and chlorine with alumina is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or onstream reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the leading reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the last reforming zone, or reactor of the series, is constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium, and a swing reactor, also containing a supported platinum and rhenium catalyst, is manifolded so that it can be substituted for any one of the onstream reactors of the unit. The entry side, or upper portion of the swing reactor contains a catalyst constituted of platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the exit side, or lower portion of the reactor contains a catalyst constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them at hydrocarbon dehydrogenation conditions with a multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a rhenium component. An optional non-acidic multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the ruthenium carbonyl component, a rhenium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks such as distillate fuel oils and gas oils are dewaxed by isomerizing the waxy components over a zeolite beta catalyst. The process may be carried out in the presence or absence of added hydrogen. Preferred catalysts have a zeolite silica:alumina ratio over 100:1.

Abstract: The hydroisomerization of terminal olefins to internal olefins can be effectively carried out using a catalyst which consists essentially of a palladium component, a cerium component, and alumina.

Abstract: A process for reforming, with hydrogen, a naphtha in a reforming reactor provided with a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst over which the naphtha is contacted and reacted at reforming conditions to produce a C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid product of improved octane. The catalyst is contacted, on initiation of the reforming reaction, with a maximum of about 75 percent of the rate of hydrogen required for maintaining the optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield over the length of the operating cycle. The hydrogen rate is increased not later than the time of line-out of the C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield to that required to maintain said optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield.

Abstract: Process for reforming a hydrocarbon charge under reforming conditions in a reforming zone containing a sulfur-sensitive metal containing reforming catalyst wherein over-cracking of the charge stock and excessive temperature rise in the reforming zone is suppressed by pre-conditioning the catalyst, prior to contact with the charge, with a reformate of specified octane number and aromatics content.