Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a heat dissipation body and a heat conducting body thermally combined with the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation body includes a central portion defining a through hole therein and a plurality of fin extending from a periphery of the central portion. Each of the fins branches a plurality of portions at an end thereof. The heat conducting body includes a column thermally fitted in the through hole of the central portion of the heat dissipation body. A cavity is defined between the column and the central portion of the heat dissipation body. The cavity contains a phase-changeable medium therein, which becomes vapor once the column absorbs heat from a heat-generating electronic device.

Abstract: A thermal transfer material is described herein that includes: a heat spreader component, wherein the heat spreader component comprises a top surface, a bottom surface and at least one heat spreader material, and at least one solder material, wherein the solder material is directly deposited onto the bottom surface of the heat spreader component. Methods of forming layered thermal interface materials and thermal transfer materials include: a) providing a heat spreader component, wherein the heat spreader component comprises a top surface, a bottom surface and at least one heat spreader material; b) providing at least one solder material, wherein the solder material is directly deposited onto the bottom surface of the heat spreader component; and c) depositing the at least one solder material onto the bottom surface of the heat spreader component.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus includes a liquid path in which cooling water flows, and in which the cooling water performs cooling at a cooling part located directly underneath the power circuit part of the inverter apparatus. The liquid path includes a first partial structure part formed between a feed pipe and the cooling part, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually reduced in the short-side direction of the cooling part and that is gradually enlarged in the long-side direction thereof; and a second partial structure part formed between the cooling part and a drain pipe, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually enlarged from the short-side of the cooling part and that is gradually reduced from the long-side thereof.

Abstract: An extended fin array has a main heat-dissipation module and an extended heat-dissipation module. The main heat-dissipation module and the extended heat-dissipation module are stacked to increase the effective convective area to increase the heat-dissipation effect. The extended heat-dissipation module is in the main heat-dissipation module when the heat amount generated by an electronic device is normal. The extended heat-dissipation module extends out from the main heat-dissipation module to increase the heat convection area when the heat amount generated by the electronic device is large.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a heat sink (20) having a plurality of fins (26), a fan duct (50), a fan (70) and a mounting bracket (60) for mounting the fan duct and the fan to the heat sink. The fan duct is mounted to a front side of the heat sink, and includes an inlet, an enlarged outlet covering the front side of the heat sink and at least two channels (56). The fan duct is capable of expanding an airflow generated by the fan by the enlarged outlet and dividing the airflow by the at least two channels into at least two sub-airflows. Thus, the fan can blow the airflow through all of the fins to thereby promote a heat dissipating efficiency of the heat dissipation device.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating structure. The heat-dissipating structure comprises a plurality of first and second conductive plates. Each first conductive plate has a first base surface, a first reference surface and a first main disturbing portion disposed on the first base surface and the first reference surface, and each second conductive plate has a second base surface, a second reference surface and a first sub disturbing portion disposed on the second base surface and the second reference surface. A middle passage, formed between two adjacent first and second conductive plates by facing the second base surface of the second conductive plate to the first reference surface of the first conductive plate, provides airflow passing therethrough with uniform flow resistance.

Abstract: A power supply module has a printed circuit board (PCB) containing a plurality of electrical components for converting an input voltage to an output voltage. A heat sink is formed over substantially an entire surface area of the PCB for providing heat dissipation. The heat sink is made with a thermally conductive and electrically insulating polymer compound, such as liquid crystalline polymer or polyphenylene sulfide, which is injection molded to surface of the PCB. The heat sink can be formed on a front side and backside of the PCB and may have a plurality of posts for increasing the heat dissipating surface area of the heat sink. By disposing the heat sink over substantially the entire surface of the PCB, the heat sink is able to remove more heat and allow the power supply module to provide more output load current given the same physical size and ambient conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward systems, packages, and methods for providing improved thermal performance in such packages and systems. Embodiments of the invention include a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) package having a substrate with a heat spreader mounted on the substrate. An IC die is mounted to the heat spreader such that the heat spreader lies in between the die and the substrate. The invention is also directed to a heat spreader plate useable in a semiconductor package. The heat spreader plate comprises a plate comprised of thermally conductive material suitable for attachment to a packaging substrate wherein the plate includes openings for exposing electrical bonding surfaces of a packaging substrate when the heater spreader plate is mounted on the packaging substrate. Such openings enable wirebonding between the exposed electrical bonding surfaces of the substrate and an integrated circuit die to complete construction of a package including the heatspreader.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a BGA substrate having one principal plane furnished with a large number of solder balls, the solder balls constituting a ball grid array; a semiconductor chip mounted on another principal plane of the BGA substrate, the semiconductor chip being electrically connected to the BGA substrate by metal wires; and chip capacitors mounted on the semiconductor chip to reduce power source noise.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure with two different type tri-gate MOSFETs formed on the same substrate. Each MOSFET comprises a fin with optimal mobility for the particular type of MOSFET. Due to the processes used to form fins with different crystalline orientations on the same substrate, one of the MOSFETs has a fin with a lower mobility top surface. To inhibit inversion of the top surface, this MOSFET has a gate dielectric layer with a thicker region on the top surface than it does on the opposing sidewall surfaces. Additionally, several techniques for forming the thicker region of the gate dielectric layer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a base, at least one heat pipe having an evaporating section and a condensing section, at least one reinforcing member without phase-change therein, and a plurality of fins. The evaporating section of the heat pipe contacts the base. The condensing section of the heat pipe departs from the base. The fins are stacked on the heat pipe and the reinforcing member. Therefore, the heat dissipation device has steady configuration and low cost.

Abstract: A thermal enhance semiconductor package with a universal heat spreader mainly comprises a carrier, a semiconductor chip and a universal heat spreader. The semiconductor chip is electrically connected to the carrier in a flip-chip fashion and the universal heat spreader is mounted on the back surface of the semiconductor chip. Therein the universal heat spreader has a plurality of through holes for upgrading the efficiency of heat transmission. Moreover, a heat transmission pin is provided in one of the through holes to increase the areas for heat dissipation so as to enhance the thermal performance of the package.

Abstract: A heat sink fan of the present invention includes a heat sink and an axial flow fan, and the axial flow fan includes a motor, an impeller and a housing. An outer wall surface of a cylindrical portion of the housing is formed with an arm which engages with the heat sink and fixes the housing and the heat sink. The arm is provided with a lead wire retaining hook. A interspace is formed between the lead wire retaining hook and the arm, and the lead wire is detachably held in the interspace. The packing or transportation operation is enhanced, and convenience of mounting operation of the lead wire to electronic equipment is enhanced.

Abstract: A system is described for cooling a processor. In one embodiment, a heat sink assembly has a fan and air channels. In addition, a heat sink lid that is configured to cover only a region above the fan is coupled to the heat sink assembly.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device includes a heat sink and a protecting device attached to the heat sink. The heat sink includes a plurality of individual fins in assembly. The protecting device is made from plastic. The protecting device includes a lath resting on the fins, and a plurality of ribs beneath the lath. The ribs are interposed between the fins.

Abstract: There is provided a small-size electronic heat pump device which is low in power consumption and which secures a vacuum gap without use of an additional circuit. The electronic heat pump device includes an emitter 1 and a collector 2. An electrically and thermally insulative spacer section 5 for keeping a space, i.e. vacuum gap G between an emitter electrode 11 and a collector electrode 21 constant is integrally formed in a semiconductor substrate 20 of the collector 2, which makes it possible to maintain the vacuum gap to be a specified space while a back flow of heat is prevented in a simple structure with a reduced number of component parts.

Abstract: An IC package with an implanted heat-dissipation fin is introduced. The IC package provides a plastic package to seal an IC chip. One end of the heat-dissipation fin is implanted inside the plastic package, and another end is left outsides for directly heat-exchanging with a surrounding heat-transfer media. By providing the implanted heat-dissipation fin, a more efficient and broader heat-dissipation path for the IC package can be established so that the total heat dissipation of the IC package can be enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for side-type heat dissipation. According to the present invention, a heat dissipation unit is deposed on a CPU to absorb the heat it generates; a cover is covered on the unit, where two openings are at two opposite ends and one of the openings has an inclined plane as well as a fan, and one of the openings is corresponding to a fan on the computer case; and an air flow is guided by a fan to the heat dissipation unit and is directed to a fan of a power supplier to be blown out of the computer case. By doing so, no thermal cycling will occur in the computer case and better heat-dissipation efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: This specification discloses a heat sink for coolers. The heat sink contains a heat conductive element, a heat dissipating shell covering over the heat conductive element, and a plurality of heat dissipating fins installed on the heat dissipating shell. The heat conductive element is comprised of a heat conductive plate and a heat conductive block installed at the center thereof. The area of the lower surface of the heat conductive block is greater than that of the upper surface thereof. When the lower surface of the heat conductive plate is in contact with a device that needs heat dissipation, the heat conductive block increases the heat conducting volume at the center of the heat conductive plate, so that the heat produced by the device can be released at an optimal rate.

Abstract: A cooling system for dissipating heat from a component is disclosed. The cooling system includes a cooling device that includes a core and a plurality of spaced apart fins connected with the core with each fin including at least two vanes. A trailing edge of the fins define a chamber. A fan mount is connected with the vanes and supports a stator of a fan. A rotor connected with the stator includes a plurality of fan blades and the fan mount positions the stator over the chamber with the fan blades submerged in the chamber. A height of the cooling system is reduced because the fan does not include a housing and a substantial portion of the fan is positioned in the chamber. The submerged position of the fan blades allows for a high fan capacity with reduce air shock noise.

Abstract: A sealed housing is provided with a body, a cover, and a movable fin for radiating heat while suppressing a change in internal pressure, and preventing invasion of water vapor or poisonous gas from the exterior to thereby avoid an accident caused by dew condensation, and corrosion of an electrical circuit component. The movable fin automatically slides toward the inside or outside of the sealed housing depending on a change in internal atmospheric pressure of the sealed housing following a change in internal temperature thereof. When the temperature inside the sealed housing rises due to heat from the electrical circuit component mounted in a package inside the sealed housing, a heat radiation area of the movable fin increases while keeping sealing tightness so that a heat radiation effect can be enhanced.

Abstract: An interface module-mounted LSI package has an interposer equipped with a signal processing LSI, an interface module for signal transmission, mechanically connected to the interposer and electrically connected to the signal processing LSI, and a heat sink which is in contact with both the signal processing LSI and the interface module, and radiates heat of the signal processing LSI and the interface module. The LSI package has a gap, which serves as a heat resistor portion between the heat radiating portion for the signal processing LSI and the heat radiating portion for the interface module.

Abstract: A heat dissipation structure installed on a computer central processing unit or a heat generating device, has a thermal conductive base, at least one heat pipe and a heat sink. The thermal conductive base has a supporting part and a first interlocking part. The supporting part allows the heat pipe mounted thereon. The heat sink has a plurality of fins configured with a receiving slot and a second interlocking part. The second interlocking part is engaged with the first interlocking part, while the receiving slot and the supporting part of the thermal conductive base enclose the heat pipe therein to form the heat dissipation structure. By the connection between the thermal conductive pipe and the heat sink, the contact intensity between various devices is increased, such that the heat conduction performance is improved.

Abstract: In the semiconductor device, a control power MOSFET chip 2 is disposed on the input-side plate-like lead 5, and the drain terminal DT1 is formed on the rear surface of the chip 2, and the source terminal ST1 and gate terminal GT1 are formed on the principal surface of the chip 2, and the source terminal ST1 is connected to the plate-like lead for source 12. Furthermore, a synchronous power MOSFET chip 3 is disposed on the output-side plate-like lead 6, and the drain terminal DT2 is formed on the rear surface of the chip 3 and the output-side plate-like lead 6 is connected to the drain terminal DT2. Furthermore, source terminal ST2 and gate terminal GT2 are formed on the principal surface of the synchronous power MOSFET chip 3, and the source terminal ST2 is connected to the plate-like lead for source 13. The plate-like leads for source 12 and 13 are exposed, and therefore, it is possible to increase the heat dissipation capability of the MCM 1.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a heat sink (50) and a fan (10) located above the heat sink for providing airflow. The heat sink includes a base (40) and a heat dissipating part (30) arranged on the base. The heat dissipating part includes a plurality of fins (31), each adjacent pair of the fins defines a channel (35) therebetween. The heat dissipating part defines a plurality of passages (34) disposed diagonally thereat and perpendicular to the channels. The channels and the passages are oriented consistently with the airflow of the fan.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling heat producing devices is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a heat absorber attached to a first end of a base. Both the base and the heat absorber may be formed of a thermally conductive material, and a width of the heat absorber is greater than a width of the base.

Abstract: A heat sink (100) includes a cooling block (105) having a plurality of fins (110) extending through the block to provide a series of coolant channels (112) extending between the fins, the channels having in the interior of the block a venturi narrowing. Beneficially, the channels have coolant entry regions in at least two different regions (115, 120) of the block to direct a plurality of coolant flows into the interior of the block from different directions. Also described is a method of cooling a device such as a processor of a mobile computer used in a vehicle by placing the heat sink or more than one of the heat sinks adjacent to the device to be cooled, preferably with a region in which the venturi narrowing of the coolant channels is provided close to the hottest part of the device to be cooled.

Abstract: A chassis air guide thermal cooling solution including a fan to which protruding edges are wedged at wedge grooves of a locating assembly to locate the fan therein, locating notches of a flexible ring are positioned in the locating assembly, an accommodating ring is accommodated around the flexible ring, and the locating assembly is fastened with a locating plate by means of screws; a side panel is devised with ventilation openings for drawing external air or discharging hot air at the interior of the device. The locating assembly is provided with a plurality of flexible openings, and after having fixed the locating plate therein, an assembled position of the chassis air guide thermal cooling solution is adjusted; after having assembled the chassis air guide thermal cooling solution therein, a distance between the accommodating ring and the heat dissipating fan is adjusted using the flexible ring.

Abstract: A heat sink fan includes a heat sink (2) that is placed on a heat generating electrical component and a fan motor unit (4) having an axial flow fan (18) for supplying cooling air to the heat sink (2). A engaging portions (14a) of an arm portions (14) of the fan motor unit (4) is engaged with a recesses (10b) of the heat sink (2). Thus, movement of the fan motor unit (4) in the axial direction of the heat sink (2) is restricted so that the fan motor unit (4) is attached to the heat sink (2) securely.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly includes a plurality of fins (10), a pair of ducts (20), and a frame (30) receiving the fins and the ducts therein. Each fin defines a pair of through holes (11) therein. A tapered tab (14) and a plurality of locating tabs (15) extend from each fin around a periphery of each through hole. A pair of locating portions (16) extends horizontally from opposite ends of each fin, for forming intervals between the fins. The ducts are inserted into the corresponding through holes of the fins, and are in thermal contact with the tabs. The fins and the ducts are then placed into the frame to form the heat sink assembly.

Abstract: An electronic assembly comprising one or more high performance integrated circuits includes at least one high capacity heat sink. The heat sink, which comprises a number of fins projecting substantially radially from a core, is structured to capture air from a fan and to direct the air to optimize heat transfer from the heat sink. The heat sink fins can be formed in different shapes. In one embodiment, the fins are curved. In another embodiment, the fins are bent. In yet another embodiment, the fins are curved and bent. Methods of fabricating heat sinks and electronic assemblies, as well as application of the heat sink to an electronic assembly and to an electronic system, are also described.

Abstract: Structures and methods for semiconductor integrated circuits with respect to heat dissipation are provided. The structure comprises a die having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface has an opening in it, and the second surface has a contact pad formed on it. The first surface is opposite to the second surface. A conductive layer is formed over the first surface, covering a surface of the opening.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor chip having a first metal heat-conductive medium in the inside thereof, a substrate having a second metal heat-conductive medium thermally connected to the first metal heat-conductive medium, and a temperature control device of which at least a part is disposed on the substrate, thermally connected to the second metal heat-conductive medium, and configured to control the temperature within the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A centrifugal fan type cooling module includes a centrifugal fan and a radiator. The centrifugal fan provides a fan rotor with fan blades and an axial shaft and a fan stator set with an axial core, an upper cover and a frame. The fan blades extend straight forward radially with the outer end of each fan blade has an enlarged curve end part and the rest part of the respective fan blade has a width shorter than the axial shaft. The frame encloses and fits with the top of the radiator and the axial shaft is rotationally joined to the axial core such that a hollow space is formed between the radiator and the fan rotor. Heat from an electronic component is transmited to the radiator and removed outward quickly in all directions by way of upward suction force of the centrifugal fan instead of contacting other electronic members directly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for improved electrical-to-optical transmitters (100) disposed within printed circuit boards (104). The heat sink (110, 200) is a thermal conductive material disposed within a cavity (102) of the printed circuit board (104) and is thermally coupled to a bottom surface (112) of the electrical-to-optical transmitter (100). A portion of the thermal conductive material extends approximately to an outer surface (120, 122 or 124) of a layer (114, 116 or 118) of the printed circuit board (104). The printed circuit board may comprise a planarized signal communications system or an optoelectronic signal communications system. In addition, the present invention provides a method for fabricating the heat sink wherein the electrical-to-optical transmitter disposed within a cavity of the printed circuit board is fabricated. New methods for flexible waveguides and micro-mirror couplers are also provided.

Abstract: A device and method for designing and manufacturing an integrated heat spreader so that the integrated heat spreader will have a flat surface on which to mount a heat sink after being assembled into a package and exposed to the heat of a die. This device and method for designing and manufacturing an integrated heat spreader would generate a heat spreader that would be built compensate for deformations resulting from (1) physical manipulation during assembly (2) thermal gradients during operation and (3) differing rates of expansion and contraction of the package materials coupled with multiple package assembly steps at elevated temperatures so that one surface of the integrated heat spreader would have a flat shape.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) packaging comprising a stacked substrate, a main body, and an LED die is provided. The stacked substrate includes a heat spreader and a first circuit board. The first circuit board is stacked on the heat spreader. Two channels penetrate the first circuit board and the heat spreader. An upper opening of the channel is smaller than a lower opening thereof. The main body is formed on the first circuit board and has a through hole to expose part of the first circuit board. The main body further has at least two extended portion filling the channels for fixing the main body on the stacked substrate. The LED die is located in the through hole and electrically connected to the first circuit board.

Abstract: A combination of fan and heat sink includes a fan (10), a heat sink (20) and four fixtures (30). The fan defines four holes (12) in four corners thereof respectively. The heat sink has a plurality of parallel fins (24). Each fixture includes a post (32) inserted into the corresponding hole of the fan, a pressing portion (36) pressing the fan toward the heat sink and a locking leg (34) interlocking with outmost fins.

Abstract: A heat sink having graduated lengths of fins, with the tallest fins being in the center of the heat sink to provide maximum heat removal from a mated integrated circuit (IC) chip. Dual fans impinge air against the fins, and particularly the tallest fins, to provide a highly efficient system for heat removal from the IC chip. By reducing the size of the lateral fins, additional space is made available for the dual fans. The use of the dual fans allows the fans to run at a lower speed that a single fan, thus reducing an overall fan acoustic level. Furthermore, the dual fans allow for a backup fan system if one of the fans should fail.

Abstract: A cover, acting as a heat sink for integrated circuit devices, encloses one or more devices mounted on a support structure. The thermally conductive cover is formed of a thermally conductive material and is also sealed to the support structure. By thermally contacting the cover to the integrated circuit devices, heat is dissipated from the integrated circuit devices. A thermally conductive paste can be applied between the cover and integrated circuit devices to facilitate heat transfer from the integrated circuit devices to the cover.

Abstract: A heat dissipation apparatus comprising a base and a plurality of fins connected to the base and extending out from the base at a non-orthogonal angle to the base.

Abstract: An integrated circuit heat dissipation system for reducing the number of junctions in packaged integrated circuits thereby decreasing thermal impedance and increasing thermal dissipation efficiency. The integrated circuit heat dissipation system includes a lid attached to a substrate, a cap attached about the lid creating a heat dissipation chamber, and a semiconductor chip attached to the lid by a thermally conductive adhesive. The lid may or may not form a cavity about the semiconductor chip depending upon the substrate utilized. The lid preferably includes a plurality of fins extending from thereof defining a plurality of channels or a plurality of grooves thereby increasing the heat flux of the lid.

Abstract: A heatsink for a memory module includes a substantially planar contact portion for forming a thermal contact with the memory module and for mounting the heatsink on the memory module. One or more formations for emitting heat are also provided, the formations for emitting heat being in thermal communication with the contact portions.

Abstract: A cooling device for a chip in a portable computer that uses a horizontal flat fan in the corner of a portable computer housing with air outlets through heatsinks that enhance exhaust air flow over heat pipes from the chip and out through the computer housing. The exhaust is through the adjacent vertical walls of the computer housing. Separate heat pipes go directly from the chip to fins located at the outlet at the wall.

Abstract: A cooler for electronic devices provides cool air to the inlet sides of the heat sink by using a radial blower with blades located around air outlets of the heat sink. This blower is driven by a brushless DC electric motor. The motor has an opening in the center allowing for the transfer of incoming air to the center of the heat sink. The rotors outer circumferential arrayed poles are rigidly secured to the frame of the radial blower. The stator of the motor is rigidly secured to the heat sink and has an opening in its center. The stator comprises circumferential arrayed coils on circuit board material. When the current flows through the stator coils, the coils acquire a magnetic polarity. The poles of the rotor and stator coils attract and repel depending on the polarities. The cool air comes simultaneously from opposite sides of the heat sink. For this reason the heat sink has a divider located approximately in the middle of the heat sink fins.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device is adapted to remove heat from an electronic package. The heat dissipating device includes a heat sink (6), a fan (1) and a fan holder (2). The fan holder comprises a guiding receptacle (20) and a securing base (40) covering the heat sink. An inlet (24) of the guiding receptacle is coupled to the bottom of the fan. An opening (221) is defined in the guiding receptacle for providing airflow access from the fan to the heat sink.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a thermally conductive section with a side facing approximately parallel to an axis and adapted to be thermally coupled to a circuit component, and includes a fluid supply section which directs a fluid flow along the axis toward an opposite side of the thermally conductive section. The thermally conductive section splits the fluid flow into a plurality of flow portions which each flow through the thermally conductive section in a direction approximately parallel to a plane perpendicular to the axis, the flow portions exiting the thermally conductive section at a plurality of respective locations disposed along a substantial portion of the periphery of the thermally conductive section.

Abstract: A heatsink of the present invention has a column having a heat conducting plate with a heat receiving face contacting a heat producing element. On the side faces of the column are a plurality of first slits disposed parallel to the heat receiving face and a plurality of second slits disposed transversely to the heat receiving face. These slits form a plurality of pillar-type protrusions functioning as fins for cooling. At least one of cross sections of the column has a shape of a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle or a shape which tapers off as it goes away at right angle from the heat receiving face. A method of manufacturing the heatsink of the present invention includes first and second processes. In the first process, the first slits are formed by providing a plurality of metallic plate fins on the column along its length by the methods including the extrusion molding using a metallic mold.

Abstract: An integrated heat dissipation apparatus includes a thermal conductor base and a heat sink interlocked with each other. The thermal conductor base has a channel formed in an upper portion thereof and a pair of grooves formed on two opposing elongate sidewalls thereof. The channel extends through the thermal conductor base along an elongate direction thereof. The grooves extending between two opposing ends of the thermal conductor base are proximal to bottom edges of the sidewalls. The heat sink has a bottom surface recessed to form a receiving slot conformal to the upper portion of the thermal conductor base. The receiving slot has a pair of protrusions extending along two elongate bottom edges of the receiving slot between two opposing ends of the heat sink.

Abstract: A heat sink having an air flow director on each of multiple fins attached to a heat sink base. The air flow directors direct most of the air flow from dual push-pull fans towards a midline and a geometric center of the heat sink base, which is above the hottest part of the integrated circuit (IC) package being cooled by the heat sink. The rest of the air flow from the push-pull fans impinges against the air flow directors, providing additional cooling to the fins.