Abstract: The invention refers to water-insoluble fibers of cellulose acetate cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate with an extremely high absorptive capacity for water and physiological liquids and to a process for their preparation.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of regenerated cellulose membranes which method comprises the steps of:(a) dissolving a cellulose material to form a solution;(b) casting the cellulose solution into a film;(c) coagulating the cellulose solution film using an alkali alcoholic solution;(d) washing the coagulated cellulose film in an alcohol;(e) regenerating the cellulose film using acidic alcohol solution;(f) washing the regenerated cellulose membrane using an alcohol.The regenerated cellulose thus formed may be dried, if desired, preferably without a softener.The regenerated cellulose thus produced, when prepared in the form of a film or membrane, possesses higher flux and superior selectivity for organic liquid separation than regenerated cellulose membranes prepared employing aqueous solutions in steps b through e above and is most advantageously employed for the recovery of polar dewaxing solvents (e.g. ketones and mixed ketone/aromatic solvents) from dewaxed oil.

Abstract: High strength, high modulus cellulose triacetate fibers are produced by spinning a 30-42% by weight solution of cellulose triacetate having an acetyl content of at least 42.5% and an inherent viscosity of at least 5 from a solvent mixture comprising trifluoroacetic acid and another solvent having a molecular weight of less than 160 in a mol ratio of 0.3-3.0 through an air gap into a coagulating bath. The fibers are optionally heat treated under tension or saponified to provide high strength high modulus regenerated cellulose fibers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for precipitating cellulose carbamate from an aqueous alkali solution. The solution is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid containing one or several cations selected from the group consisting of Na, Al, Mg, Zn and Ca cations, whereby in the precipitation of cellulose carbamate the advantage is gained that the dry matter content of the fibre can be made high enough.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new polymer solutions which make it possible to obtain shaped articles such as yarns and fibres, films, sheets and the like.These solutions consist of cellulose having a degree of polymerization of at least 200, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl sulphoxide and formaldehyde, the weight ratio cellulose/polyvinyl chloride being 0.05 to 0.5, preferably 0.1 to 0.5, the ratio formaldehyde/cellulose being 0.2 to 2 and the total polymer concentration being 6 to 20%, preferably 10 to 18%.Such solutions are particularly suitable for the manufacture of filaments consisting of fibrils substantially orientated along the axis of the fibre and closely interlaced, the cellulose macromolecules being partially involved in a crystal lattice characteristic of cellulose II. The filaments possess valuable properties for textile use.

Abstract: Molding compositions containing cellulose, 95-50% of a tertiary amine oxide, and up to 25% of a non-solvent also up to 10% of other polymers, all proportions relative to the weight of the composition and as additive, 0.01 up to 0.5% by weight, relative to the tertiary amine oxide, of an organic compound with a minimum of four carbon atoms and a minimum of two conjugated double bonds and a minimum of two groups in the form of hydroxyl and/or amino groups which, in turn, have a minimum of one unsubstituted hydrogen atom and/or contain glycerol aldehyde.

Abstract: A process of preparing film, fibers and other shaped articles by nitrosating a polyhydroxy polymer in a reaction medium containing a solubilizing agent for the resulting polyhydroxy polymer nitrite ester and a suitable proton acceptor, bringing the reaction mixture into the desired shape and regenerating and separating the polyhydroxy polymer by contact with a protic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst. The polyhydroxy polymer may be a polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose or other polysaccharide, and mixtures thereof. Also dissolved in the reaction medium may be an organic solvent soluble polymer substantially lacking hydroxyl groups. If mixtures of polyhydroxy polymers or of polyhydroxy polymers lacking hydroxyl groups and organic solvent soluble polymers are employed the resulting films, fibers or other shaped articles consist of homogeneous and intimate mixtures of all the polymers originally present in solution.

Abstract: A method of forming a cellulose fiber which comprises dissolving cellulose in a solvent comprising ammonia and a salt and subsequently forming a fiber.

Abstract: Cellulose is activated by penetration of the cellulose with a polar medium and mixed at a temperature at which no significant degradation occurs with an amide selected from the group consisting of dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and mixtures thereof and from 3 to 15% by weight of lithium chloride. The cellulose is then dissolved in the amide and lithium chloride in the substantial absence of any polar medium other than the amide. Shaped cellulosic products may be formed by reconstituting the cellulose in fiber, sheet or other form.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow fiber which comprises providing a spinning solution of a water miscible organic solvent and a high molecular weight compound which may be polyacrylonitrile, a copolymer of acrylonitrile, alpha cellulose, a cellulose ester, polymethylmethacrylate, poly vinyl chloride, or poly-.gamma.-benzyl glutamate. This spinning solution is extruded through an annular slit while simultaneously, an alkaline or acid aqueous salt solution is extruded from an orifice encircled by the annular slit. The aqueous salt solution has a salt content of 15 to 50% by weight and there is sufficient alkali or acid present in the aqueous salt solution to effect controlled hydrolysis of the high molecular weight compound.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow fiber which involves preparing a spinning solution of a non-polar water miscible organic solvent and a high molecular weight organic compound consisting of cellulose esters, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, or poly-.gamma.-benzyl glutamate, extruding the solution through an annular slit, and simultaneously extruding a neutral aqueous salt solution from an orifice encircled by the slit, the solution having a salt content of 15 to 50% by weight and being capable of developing a phase separation with the water miscible organic solvent by means of a salting out effect. The extruded spinning solution is passed substantially downwardly in a vertical direction into an aqueous coagulating bath, the annular slit being separated from the bath by at least 5 mm, the distance being sufficient to cause significant evaporation of the solvent from the spinning solution.

Abstract: A process for producing regenerated cellulosic articles from cellulose which has been dissolved in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and formaldehyde, and for recovering the solvent chemicals. The DMSO/formaldehyde solution of cellulose is brought into contact with an aqueous solution, the pH of which is at least 9 and the adjustment of pH has been carried out by means of a base or an alkaline salt which does not react with formaldehyde and the content of which is at most 0.1% by weight, so that the product is coagulated and regenerated in the desired form, such as fibres, films or shaped articles. The coagulation solution is evaporated in one stage or plurality of stages so that the DMSO and formaldehyde of the cellulose solution remain in the evaporation residue. The evaporation residue is recycled for the production of cellulose solution, purified, if so required.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of regenerated cellulose shaped bodies from inning dopes comprising solutions of methylol derivatives of cellulose in organic solvent selected from dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide and N-methyl-pyrrolidone is described. The cellulose derivative is coagulated from the spinning dope in a coagulating bath, the main component of which is a high-boiling alcohol capable of reacting with the free (para)formaldehyde and with the bound (para)formaldehyde of the methylol derivative to a degree varying with the temperature. It is possible to prepare filaments and yarns having excellent characteristics by starting from solutions having high CH.sub.2 O and cellulose concentrations and high MS ratios.

Abstract: Cellulose is activated by penetration of the cellulose with a polar medium and mixed at a temperature at which no significant degradation occurs with an amide selected from the group consisting of dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and mixtures thereof and from 3 to 15% by weight of lithium chloride. The cellulose is then dissolved in the amide and lithium chloride in the substantial absence of any polar medium other than the amide. Shaped cellulosic products may be formed by reconstituting the cellulose in fiber, sheet or other form.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of regenerated cellulose formed bodies from lutions of cellulose derivatives in organic solvents is disclosed. The cellulose derivatives is firstly precipitated in a coagulating bath constituted of a cellulose non-solvent, non-regenerating organic liquid, then the coagulated body is drawn in subsequent baths and the cellulose is regenerated. The drawing and the regeneration occur, at least in part, concurrently.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow fiber in which a spinning solution of cellulose ester dissolved into an organic solvent is extruded from an annular slit, and simultaneously a core liquid is introduced into the inside hollow portion of the extruded spinning solution, the core liquid being selected from the group of hydroxycarboxylic acid, derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid, monoterpene or these mixture, or consisting of a solution of the above-described compound or mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for treating the surface of cellulosic shaped products such as fibers, films filaments, yarns and the like, formed from a spinning dope of a solution of cellulose in amine oxide, by applying to the surface of the product a nonsolvent liquid that will reduce the solvent action of the amine oxide for cellulose at the surface of the product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of formed bodies of regenerated cellulose f cellulose derivative solutions in dimethylsulphoxide is disclosed. The solution is extruded and coagulated in a coagulating bath which is a saline acqueous solution having a substantially non-alkaline or preferably a substantially neutral reaction, a formed body being thus produced.

Abstract: Hydrophilic films, fibers and spongy articles of a water-insoluble polymer selected from the group consisting of regenerated cellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ester and polyalkylene, and capable of forming fibers and films, are produced by distributing in a mass of the polymer up to 50% of pulverulent or granular amorphous particles of an originally water-soluble cellulose ether prepared from natural cellulose and rendered by chemical modification at least partly water-insoluble while remaining water-absorbent. The resulting mixture is then processed by conventional methods into the desired article.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose products containing formaldehyde cross linked sodium lignate or sodium lignosulfonate in an amount of from about 1% to about 40% by weight based on the weight of the cellulose in the product are prepared by mixing one of the cross linked lignin derivatives or a mixture thereof substantially uniformly in a viscose solution and extruding the solution into a spin bath in which the extruded viscose streams coagulate into filaments containing the cross linked lignin derivative. The extended regenerated product may be used as a fiber in absorbent cullulose products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing shaped articles of cellulose is disclosed, wherein a solution of cellulose in dimethylsulphoxide (DMS0) and formaldehyde, at a formaldehyde/cellulose weight ratio of 0.2 to 2, and at a cellulose concentration of at least 6% by weight based on the volume of DMSO, is spun into a coagulant bath. The coagulant bath contains water, DMSO and ammonia or an ammonium salt, with the DMSO present in an amount of about 25 to 60 weight percent of the mixture of DMSO and water. The ammonia or ammonium salt is present in an amount, calculated as ammonia, of at least 1 gram per liter in the mixture of DMSO and water.The use of the coagulant bath of the present invention permits the cellulosic solution to be formed into shaped articles, and especially into filaments which are useful in the textile field. Other shaped articles which can be made from the cellulosic solution include fibers, threads, membranes, films, and sheets.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing fibrous materials by wet method. Fibrous materials with excellent properties can be obtained by feeding the starting solution to the interface area of two phases of the coagulation bath.

Abstract: A process for producing shaped articles of cellulose is disclosed, wherein the process includes steps of contacting a shaped solution of cellulose in DMSO and formaldehyde, containing at least 6% by weight of cellulose based on the volume of DMSO, and containing formaldehyde in a weight ratio of formaldehyde/cellulose of about 0.2 to about 0.6, with a coagulating solution of DMSO and water at a temperature no greater than 10.degree. C. The coagulant bath generally contains 30 to 50% by weight of DMSO, and the solutions are readily coagulated at coagulation speeds appropriate for commercial practice, and generally the coagulation occurs in less than 20 seconds.The products produced by the present process are shaped articles such as filaments, fibers, films, sheets and membranes, and especially filaments which are suitable for use in the textile field.

Abstract: Asymmetric hollow fibers useful for effecting separations are prepared by spinning a solution of a fiber-forming cellulose derivative through the outer tube of a double tube-type spinneret into an aqueous coagulating bath to form a hollow fiber and simultaneously injecting an aqueous salt solution through the inner tube of the spinneret to contact the interior of the hollow fiber. The hollow fibers are dipped in warm water, then the free water is removed and the fibers are frozen and dried under vacuum.

Abstract: Hollow cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is n-octanol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and n-hexanol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers are hollow as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulosic articles are produced by nitrosating and dissolving cellulose in a dialkylacylamide solvent, such as dimethylformamide, and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by passing into a coagulant bath. The coagulant comprises water or a 1 to 4 carbon atom aliphatic monohydric alcohol and a soluble reactive base, the latter in an amount ranging from 6% to 25% by weight of the regenerant. The process produces regenerated cellulose products of improved resistance to alkaline solubility.

Abstract: Shaped cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is butanol, pentanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and propanol, butanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers have a generally crenulated shape as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: In the formation of highly absorbent and rapidly wicking filaments and web structures by extrusion and solvent drying of extrudates composed of highly swollen hydrophilic chemically modified cellulose fibers, improved results are obtained in the form of a softer and better wicking product by treatment of the extrudate prior to extrusion. The extrudate is a mass containing the swollen chemically modified cellulose fibers and a water content of up to 98% at the time of extrusion. By adding to the extrudate, prior to extrusion, an amount of from about 2 to 50% of the solvent to be used in drying in the form of pure solvent or in the form of a mixture containing solvent but which may contain water or other non-solvent and the solvent to be used in drying, a much better performing extrudate is produced which results in better filament formation, improved bonding between filaments, lower water content in the extrudate, faster drying of the extruded product, and a softer, better wicking product.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulosic product is produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in a solution comprising a dialkylacylamide solvent and adding from 2 to 25% by weight, based on the weight of the solution, of a tertiary amine to form a soluble cellulose nitrite ester, contacting the cellulose ester with a coagulant therefore, stretching the coagulated cellulose ester prior to complete regeneration thereof and then completing the regeneration of the cellulose to produce a regenerated cellulosic product.

Abstract: A dry-wet process for forming interiorally asymmetric hollow fiber cellulose acetate membranes is disclosed.

Abstract: Acrylic synthetic fibers having excellent touch and luster properties are produced, wherein such fibers are prepared from a copolymer comprising 30 weight % or more of acrylonitrile, 70 weight % and less of vinyl chloride and/or vinylidene chloride and from 0 to 10 weight % of other polymerizable vinyl monomers. The copolymer also contains at least one metallic compound which is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 8.0 parts per 100 parts of copolymer and, additionally, at least one cellulose derivative which is present in an amount from 1.0 to 8.0 parts per 100 parts of the copolymer. Fibers produced from such copolymer have the touch and luster very similar to natural animal hair.

Abstract: Chemically modified cellulose fibers such as those which have been subjected to phosphorylation or carboxymethylation or to polymer grafting-hydrolysis are refined in the presence of water, centrifuged to remove unbound water and extruded into filaments. The individual fibers are identifiable within the filaments and are generally aligned parallel to the filament axis. Certain embodiments of the filaments are highly absorbent, have fast wicking rates, and may be self-bonded to form integral nonwoven webs for use in disposable diapers, sanitary products, wipes and the like.

Abstract: A method for making a film in which bead formation along opposite longitudinal edges thereof is at least minimized by extruding into a setting bath a generally flat stream of coagulable solution with the longitudinal edges of such stream each having a concave contour and being free to deform into a rounded contour under the influence of the interfacial surface tension forces acting upon the extruded stream of coagulable solution during the setting thereof.