Abstract: A device and method to prevent delamination at load-bearing apertures in structural composite substrates is disclosed. The device is a composite reinforcing grommet having a hollow, generally tubular member of braided filaments impregnated with polymer. The member may be radially deformed for insertion into an aperture in a structural composite substrate and is then capable of being radially expanded to form flanges to secure the structural composite between the flanges. A method of reinforcing a substrate having an aperture therethrough including the step of cobonding a composite reinforcing grommet to a structural composite substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A window operator and assembly method therefor wherein a stacked pull arm and gear are rotatably mounted on a bushing carried by a mounting base and the gear and pull arm are assembled to the mounting base with a controlled clearance independent of the tolerance of these components by use of a hardened metal bushing. The hardened metal bushing is forced into the deformable metal of the mounting base whatever distance is necessary to locate an exposed end of the bushing a fixed distance beyond the uppermost of said gear and pull arm and provide a surface against which a washer may be mounted and which overlies the pull arm and gear to hold the components in assembled relation with the controlled clearance.

Abstract: A window operator and assembly method therefor wherein a stacked pull arm and gear are rotatably mounted on a bushing carried by a mounting base and the gear and pull arm are assembled to the mounting base with a controlled clearance independent of the tolerance of these components by use of a hardened metal bushing. The hardened metal bushing is forced into the deformable metal of the mounting base whatever distance is necessary to locate an exposed end of the bushing a fixed distance beyond the uppermost of said gear and pull arm and provide a surface against which a washer may be mounted and which overlies the pull arm and gear to hold the components in assembled relation with the controlled clearance.

Abstract: A modified metal roof vent, selected from several available types, however, not having a base, but having a cylindrical body, having in turn an open top end and an open bottom end, an inside entry circular recess structure, positioned above this open bottom, and a weather cover secured at a spaced distance above the open top end, is fitted with a lead base, which has portions of this lead base inserted upwardly inside the cylindrical body and then moved radially outwardly to complementary fit the inside entry circular recess structure of the modified metal roof vent, completing the roof vent having a lead base, and a machine for manufacturing this vent, and methods for making this vent, and optionally including a weather sealant material placed between the cylindrical body and the complementary formed portions of the lead base at the locale of the inside entry circular recess structure of this vent.

Abstract: Electro-mechanical connections for flat conductor cables and similar articles are produced with flanged hollow rivets which puncture the cable or cables to be connected and then are compressed into an eyelet configuration which clamps and is secured to the cable. Apparatus and procedures for achieving this result are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of attaching a female element having an annular riveting portion to a panel and the installation apparatus. The method includes driving a punch through the female element into a panel supported on a die member forming an unsupported cone-shaped panel portion in the cavity of the die member. The punch includes an axially extending piercing end which pierces a small opening in the cone-shaped panel portion and an arcuate drawing portion which is driven against and through the panel opening, enlarging the panel opening. The annular riveting portion of the female element is then driven into the cone-shaped panel portion and through the panel opening, drawing the panel portion into a tubular shape engaging the external surface of the riveting portion. Finally, the riveting portion is driven against a center post of the die member, radially outwardly deforming the free end of the riveting portion and forming a mechanical interlock with the tubular panel portion.

Abstract: A backing fixture is arranged for use with a pull gun to crimp eyelet type inserts under extemporaneous field conditions. When the desired crimping force is less than the force output of the pull gun, the backing fixture is modified with a spring to limit the crimping force. By compressing the spring prior to crimping operations, its size is decreased and by incorporating means for varying the magnitude of pre-crimp spring compression, the crimping force is made adjustable.

Abstract: A method of attaching a self-attaching element, including a self-piercing element, to a panel in a die member. The self-attaching element includes a tubular barrel portion having a free open end and may include a piercing surface at the free end of the barrel portion. The die member includes an annular concave die cavity which surrounds a center die post. The method includes coating at least the tubular barrel portion with a fluorocarbon coating, such as polymerized tetrafluoroethylene, prior to the installation of the fastening element to the panel. The tubular barrel portion is then driven through an opening formed in the panel generally coaxially aligned with the die member center post. The opening may be preformed or more preferably pierced by the piercing surface of the barrel portion.

Abstract: Electro-mechanical connections for flat conductor cables and similar articles are produced with flanged hollow rivets which puncture the cable or cables to be connected and then are compressed into an eyelet configuration which clamps and is secured to the cable. Apparatus and procedures for achieving this result are disclosed.

Abstract: The method of affixing a fastener to a panel, said fastener comprising a body portion and a flange portion, said body portion comprising a thermoplastic material and being of a length greater than the thickness of said panel, comprising the steps of: inserting said fastener into and through said panel opening, whereby an end of said body portion of said fastener extends beyond the plane of the surface of the opposed side surface of said panel; and applying ultrasonic energy to said end of said fastener body portion for reshaping said end into a flange, said ultrasonic energy causing said end to flare over and contact said adjacent panel surface thereby sealing the panel against moisture entering the core space via the fastener installation hole.

Abstract: A coupling sleeve (3) pushed onto the plastic pipe (1) and provided with barbs (3a) is drawn over a driving shoulder against the connecting piece (2) by a union nut (4). The opened-out pipe end (1a) is clamped between a curved end face of the connecting piece (2) and the coupling sleeve (3). Possible leakages caused by the flow of the pipe material are prevented by a spring (6), and the pipe (1) is prevented from turning during assembly by a sliding ring (5). The device used for assembling the pipe connection has grips (13) for fixing the pipe in position with a toggle lock (16) and a press ring (26), which can be displaced in sliding manner on a stop (25) acting as a centering arbor, and can be actuated by a hand lever (31). With only a few manipulations, the coupling sleeve (3) can be pushed onto the centrally held plastic pipe (1).

Abstract: A tube connector comprising a first member and a second member, each member being made from a sheet metal stamping. Each member includes an annular portion, a tubular barrel, and plural legs. The tubular barrel extends from an inner periphery of the annular portion. The legs extend outwardly from the annular portion and are adapted to flex axially so as to facilitate insertion of such member into the tube through one end of the tube. The legs have sharp edges tending to dig aggressively into an inner wall of the tube so as to resist withdrawal and rotation of such member. The tubular barrel of the first member fits within and extends through the tubular barrel of the second member and is crimped at one end so as to secure the tubular barrel of the second member bears at one end agains the annular portion of the first member. The tubular barrel of the first member is internally threaded and consequently deformed so as to fit tightly within the tubular barrel of the second member.

Abstract: A riveting or self-fastening element such as a stud for permanent attachment to a panel preferably having a preformed panel opening, including the method of attachment and the panel assembly. The self-attaching element includes an annular barrel portion having a conical external surface which is press fitted in the panel opening to deform the panel opening and form a mating conical internal surface preventing further penetration of the fastening element into the panel. The free end of the barrel portion, which is preferably cylindrical, is simultaneously deformed outwardly in a die member having an annular die cavity, forming an annular rim which is U or hook-shaped in cross section, wherein the free end is biased against the panel preventing pull-out of the fastening element. The fastening element, method of attachment and panel assembly is particularly adapted for relatively thick metal panels, including panels having a thickness greater than 0.1 inches.

Abstract: An improved process by which heavy duty aluminum ladder rungs are easily manufactured with the central stepping portion of the rung itself possessing qualities of exceptionally high yield strength, while the ends of the ladder rung are easily formable such that they are readily crimped and secured to the end rail or stile during the ladder assembly process--without cracking or fracturing. In order to maintain high strength at the central portion of the ladder rung while providing for adequate deformability at the ladder rung ends, the invention uses a selective localized heat treating process whereby high frequency induction heating is applied selectivley to the ladder rung ends prior to collar and upset formation.

Abstract: A table supports a cardboard file unit body as it is manually slid edgewise forwardly, engaged against a fixed but adjustable side edge guide, into engagement with a fore-and-aft movable front edge guide and an air microswitch thereon that actuates a punch mechanism. After punch operation, the front edge guide moves forward, bringing the punched portion of the body between the wings of a metal tab waiting at a peening station. Arrival of the front edge guide at its forward position trips another air microswitch to actuate a tab peening mechanism. The tabbed body is then manually withdrawn rearwardly and a new tab is automatically fed rearward to the peening station from a stack of tabs in front of that station. The punching and peening mechanisms, front edge guide and tab feed slider are actuated pneumatically.

Abstract: A fixture for use with a pull tool to form the parts of a grommet about an opening in material to reinforce the material opening.

Abstract: A cam shaft made from lobes having irregularly shaped apertures spaced along the longitudinal axis of a hollow tubular shaft. The method of making the cam shaft includes the steps of: inserting a hollow tubular shaft through the apertures of a plurality of the lobes axially and radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The method is characterized by flaring at least a first end of the shaft and backing the exterior of the first flared end to prevent axial radial movement thereof. In addition, a plug means is inserted into fluid sealing engagement with the interior of the first flared end to sandwich the flared end against the backing of the exterior thereof. The hollow shaft is filled with liquid and the opposite ends of the shaft are clamped between the plug means at the first flared end and a fluid sealing means at the opposite end of the hollow shaft. Hydraulic force is then applied to the interior of the shaft to expand the hollow shaft into engagement with the apertures of the lobes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to self-piercing fasteners, such as studs, bolts or nuts, the method of attaching such fasteners to a panel and fastener installation apparatus, including the installation head and die button. The fastener includes a self-piercing and riveting annular wall which is driven into a panel supported against a die member by the installation head. The die member includes an annular die cavity surrounding a central projecting die portion which is telescopically receivable in the free open end of the fastener annular wall. The free end of the fastener annular wall includes a piercing surface which mates with a piercing surface at the outer edge of the projecting die portion to pierce a slug from the panel.

Abstract: To attach a nut to a plate-shaped workpiece, especially to a metal sheet, in such a way that it has self-locking properties without additional aids or parts, the force fastening the nut and acting on a free thrust surface of the nut is divided into at least two effective components generating a shearing stress in the nut material, transverse deformation of a part of the nut facing away from the workpiece being produced, and the thread diameter in the thread region deformed for self-locking purposes being reduced, while at the same time the thread pitches are inclined towards the center axis. A nut which can be used either as a locking nut or as a non-locking nut is characterized by a force-deflecting design of the thrust surface.

Abstract: A riveting or self-fastening element such as a stud for permanent attachment to a panel preferably having a preformed panel opening, including the method of attachment and the panel assembly. The self-attaching element includes an annular barrel portion having a conical external surface which is press fitted in the panel opening to deform the panel opening and form a mating conical internal surface preventing further penetration of the fastening element into the panel. The free end of the barrel portion, which is preferably cylindrical, is simultaneously deformed outwardly in a die member having an annular die cavity, forming an annular rim which is U or hook-shaped in cross section, wherein the free end is biased against the panel preventing pull-out of the fastening element. The fastening element, method of attachment and panel assembly is particularly adapted for relatively thick metal panels, including panels having a thickness greater than 0.1 inches.

Abstract: An injection line connection for internal combustion engines having for each pressure connection a connecting fitting which hitherto was upset out of the material of the injection line but which is still defective and which can be pressed by a cap nut, by way of a pressure ring, against an internal taper portion of a connecting member which carries the cap nut, is also suitable for thinner injection lines, free of disadvantages, by virtue of the following features, some of which are known and which are reproduced here by way of abstract:(a) the injection line (1) is a wall thickness in the range of from 1/5 to 1/3 of its outside diameter (D);(b) each pressure ring (6) is provided with a support projection (10) which is rounded off at the end towards the connecting fitting and which is of a tapered configuration along its outside periphery, while the associated connecting fitting (3) comprises the end of the injection line (1) which is flanged over outwardly about the support projection (10) and there forms th

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling speed lacers on sheets, such as the lacing strips of boots, wherein the speed lacers are of generally U-shaped configuration and each comprises an arch-shaped end portion and a pair of spaced legs which extend therefrom terminating in apertures clamping discs. The apparatus comprises an assembly unit comprising a movable die assembly, a stationery die assembly, a punch assembly, a feed finger, a feed block, and a positioning pin. During operation of the apparatus in accordance with the method, a speed lacer is advanced through a channel in the feed block with the feed finger and received on the positioning pin adjacent the forward end of the channel, and the clamping discs of the speed lacer are engaged by dies of the die assemblies to deform the speed lacer to a clamping position wherein the clamping discs thereof clampingly engage the sheet.

Abstract: In a plate heat exchanger having a frame plate and a pressure plate, at least one of these plates has holes for flow of the heat exchanging media to and from respective passages in the pack of heat exchange plates. Each of these holes has a lining of corrosion-resistant metal comprising a hollow cylinder with thin flanges at its opposite ends engaging opposite sides of the frame plate or pressure plate. One of these flanges has a seamless connection with the hollow cylinder and is sealingly compressed between a heat exchange plate and an undepressed surface of the inner side of the adjacent frame plate or pressure plate. Lining of the hole is effected by plastically deforming a metal disc into a hollow cylinder with a flange at one end, inserting the other end of the cylinder through the hole to engage the flange with said undepressed surface, and then providing said other end of the cylinder with a flange engaging an undepressed surface of the outer side of the frame or pressure plate.

Abstract: A method of joining together two or more pieces of malleable material. The method includes the steps of placing thoroughly cleaned surfaces of the pieces in intimate contact with each other and forming a flanged hole through all of them at the same time. This is accomplished by producing a starting hole and then directing a draw punch against the pieces and directing the same into the opening of a die while the material is compressively stressed to a value substantially equal to the yield strength of the material. The punch provides the completed flanges with an hourglass shape, such shape locking the inner and outer flanges together against axial displacement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for joining tubes. The tubes have ends which are deformed within sleeves having an interior channel by applying pressure to the tube end portion, a mandrel being temporarily placed within the tube and sockets being fitted on the exterior of the tube, pressure being applied to the end portion of the tube to cause the wall of said tube to deform in the area of the sleeve channels to anchor the tube in the sleeve. After the mandrel and the sockets are removed, the sleeve is clamped in the joint member with a nut which is screwed onto it.

Abstract: A nozzle construction has an end of a spout member threaded into an opening of an adaptor member until the members are disposed in a predetermined threaded condition thereof. One of the members then has a portion thereof deformed into a locking position with the other of the members to tend to prevent relative threading movement between the members from the predetermined threaded condition.

Abstract: A lubricated hinge comprises a pair of hinge plates and a lubricant filled hinge pin fitting through barrel sections of the hinge plates so as to pivotally connect same. The hinge pin comprises a hollow cylindrical body hvaing at one end a radially expansible portion terminating with a stop shoulder and at another end a preformed head and lubricant entrance. The pin body between its ends has lubricant delivery holes for delivering lubricant to between the pin body and the barrel sections of two hinge plates. The pin body is insertable into the barrel sections with the preformed head abutting one side of the hinge and the stop shoulder aligned with an opposite side of the hinge. A shank of a mandrel having an extruding head is insertable through the pin body and is adapted to then be pulled so as to radially expand the expansion portion of the pin body with the extruding head to abut the other side of the hinge and until the extruding head is stopped by the stop shoulder in the pin body.

Abstract: A method of attaching a press-in flange having a tubular portion and a horizontal portion to a tubular mouthpiece of the top plate of a drum or like container by providing a gasket between the tubular portion of the flange and an upward annular projection on the flange horizontal portion, forcing the flange having the gasket thereon into the tubular mouthpiece from below, and outwardly bending the upper end of the flange tubular portion to hold the upper end folded over the upper end of the mouthpiece while bringing the annular projection into intimate contact with the inner surface of a curved portion between the upper and lower ends of the mouthpiece to confine the gasket in a space defined by the annular projection, the curved portion, the lower end of the tubular portion and part of the horizontal portion.

Abstract: A rung-to-rail ladder joint connection for box section or tubular side rails comprising a rung, a malleable ferrule disposed on an end of the rung, the ferrule and rung projected through an opening in the web of each of the walls of the side rails, a sleeve or sleeve-like reinforcing member of lesser length than the ferrule and of similar profile thereto telescoped over the ferrule and disposed between the webs of the rails, the sleeve being adapted to be disposed on the ferrule either during preforming a flange on one end of the ferrule or thereafter and prior in each instance to final assembly with the box section or tubular side rails by forming of a flange on an opposite end of the rung. The sleeve and the ferrule may be of the same or different materials and thickness.

Abstract: A captive panel fastener includes a head, a shank and a threaded outer end, with slots extending longitudinally down through the threads towad the outer end of the fastener. A relatively rigid and inflexible retention washer is provided and this washer has inwardly extending prongs which fit into the longitudinally extending slots on the fastener. The outer end of the fastener has a hole in it, and, after the washer is in place, a forming tool is employed to deform the outer end wall of the opening, so that the wall is pushed outwardly to block the outer ends of the longitudinally extending slots, thereby holding the washer onto the fastener, and retaining it extending through a hole in a panel or the like through which it may have been inserted. A small washer may be employed at the end of the fastener between the ends of the slots and the deformed extreme outer end of the fastener.

Abstract: An improved fire detector vented to atmosphere, capable of closing or opening an alarm circuit on the happening of either two events, when the rate of rise of the temperature of the ambient atmosphere exceeds a predetermined prescribed rate of rise of temperature and when the temperature of the ambient atmosphere exceeds a predetermined fixed temperature, the detector being of the type comprising a base supporting a diaphragm enclosing a space between the base and diaphragm, a shell secured to the base enclosing the diaphragm, vent apertures through the base from the space between the diaphragm and shell, and between the diaphragm and base, to the back of the detector, and a fin for collecting heat from the ambient atmosphere. The vent aperture permits the spaces between the diaphragm and base, and shell and base to be vented to atmosphere under normal expansion and contraction of the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of forming folded hems about the periphery of openings in a moving fabric web includes inserting a mandrel having radially expandable and contractible folding means into the openings to turn out of the web a peripheral portion of the fabric which is then folded back by radial expansion of the folding means. The folding means is radially contracted for entry and withdrawal of the mandrel. Apparatus for carrying out the method may comprise a rotating drum within which a plurality of mandrels is mounted to orbit with the drum. A continuous web of fabric having openings therein is carried by the drum and positioning means reciprocatingly insert and withdraw the mandrel through the fabric openings. Control means radially expand and contract the folding means synchronously with the positioning means.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nozzle liner and a method for its installation for the protection of nozzles of vessels. The nozzle liner comprises a sleeve fitting the internal diameter of the nozzle and having an integral end flange. The nozzle liner is inserted into the nozzle with its integral end flange bearing against the outer face of the ring flange of the nozzle. The nozzle liner is rotationally molded with an end flange and is free of internal stresses and seams. The preferred method of its installation simultaneously flares and bonds the nozzle liner to the lining of the vessel in a fashion which confines the stressed portions of the nozzle liner in the annular lamination area. In this position, the end of the nozzle liner projects inside the vessel and the projecting end is thermoformed to flare it outwardly and form an annular seal laminated against the inner corrosion liner of the vessel. For this purpose a heated flaring and laminating tool is employed.

Abstract: Pressure fluid operated servo system method and apparatus including a servo valve operable by an input signal to effect a system output movement; and which servo valve is responsive to the time rate of input signal receipt to vary a gain ratio of system output magnitude compared to input signal value; and method of making such a servo valve.

Abstract: Process for forming an hydraulic connection on a hollow body 10, for example a master cylinder, by fitting an interconnecting piece 24 onto a tubular protuberance 16 projecting outwards from the wall of the body 10. The protuberance has at least one thin-walled part which, when the interconnecting piece 24 has been fitted over the protuberance 16, is flanged outwards against an internal bearing surface 38 of the interconnecting piece 24.

Abstract: A fastener for securing workpieces having aligned bores and including a tubular sleeve and a pin with the sleeve having an elongated sleeve shank and a through bore and the pin having an enlarged pin head and an elongated pin shank, the pin shank having a retaining groove and a lock groove located proximate thereto, a resilient retaining clip located in the retaining groove and being axially captured therein, the retaining clip being of a split construction and having a relaxed outside diameter greater than that of the workpiece bores and being adapted to be located in at least one of the bores with an interference fit to thereby axially retain the pin to the workpieces in a preassembly, the sleeve shank having a sleeve lock groove adapted to be radially deformed into an aligned lock groove in the pin, the sleeve shank having a grip adjusting groove adapted to deform radially whereby the fastener can accommodate workpieces varying in total thickness.

Abstract: An installation apparatus and method of attaching a female element, such as a nut, to a panel, wherein the panel is pierced and the female element is permanently installed in the pierced panel opening in a continuous operation. The female element includes a body portion and an annular barrel portion. In one of the methods disclosed, the panel is pierced by the free end of the barrel portion and the panel slug is disposed in the barrel portion as the nut is installed in the panel. In the presently preferred method, the panel is pierced by a punch received through the body and barrel portions, prior to driving the female element into a mechanical interlock with the panel. In the preferred installation, the free end of the barrel portion is deformed into a hook-shaped end portion, opening toward the body portion, and the panel is simultaneously driven into the hook-shaped barrel end portion, forming a very secure mechanical interlock.

Abstract: A fastener for securing workpieces having aligned bores and including a tubular sleeve and a pin with the sleeve having an elongated sleeve shank and a through bore and the pin having an enlarged pin head and an elongated pin shank, the pin shank having a locking groove, a resilient retaining clip located in the locking groove and being axially captured therein, the retaining clip being of a split construction and having a relaxed outside diameter greater than that of the workpiece bores and being adapted to be located in at least one of the bores with an interference fit to thereby axially retain the pin to the workpieces in a pre-assembly, the retaining clip and pin lock groove defining a lock cavity, the sleeve shank having its free end adapted to be radially deformed into the lock cavity, the sleeve shank being adapted to buckle radially after the sleeve free end is deformed into the lock cavity whereby the fastener can accommodate workpieces varying in total thickness.

Abstract: An integral tire and rim assembly includes a flanged annulus having an uninterrupted, substantially constant diameter outer surface, a centrally disposed spider and a tire having inextensible beads of a diameter smaller than the diameter of the rim flanges. A method for fabricating the integral tire and rim comprises the steps of forming an annulus having a substantially uniform diameter and a first generally radially extending flange, forming a spider, securing the spider within the flange, mounting a tire on the rim and forming a second generally radially extending flange in the annulus, thereby securing the tire on the rim between the two flanges.

Abstract: The specification discloses a self-contained ball bearing for use in drawer rails. The bearing includes balls axially retained between a flared end of an inner race member and a washer retained on a stem of the inner race member. The bearing further includes a polymeric outer race member having a thrust shoulder extending radially inwardly closely proximate the flared end of the inner race member to form a dirt shield therewith and to provide an improved thrust bearing surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to self-piercing fasteners, such as studs, bolts or nuts, the method of attaching such fasteners to a panel and fastener installation apparatus, including the installation head and die button. The fastener includes a self-piercing and riveting annular wall which is driven into a panel supported against a die member by the installation head. The die member includes an annular die cavity surrounding a central projecting die portion which is telescopically receivable in the free open end of the fastener annular wall. The free end of the fastener annular wall includes a piercing surface which mates with a piercing surface at the outer edge of the projecting die portion to pierce a slug from the panel.

Abstract: A method of attaching a metal fastener, such as a stud-bolt, to a panel. The fastener includes a self-piercing annular projecting wall defining a recess having a bottom wall and an inner side wall defined by the annular wall. The method includes locating the fastener adjacent a panel with the self-piercing end portion facing the panel opposite a die member. The fastener is then forced toward the die member, such that the annular wall pierces a slug from the panel into the central recess and against the bottom wall. The die member simultaneously deforms the distal end of the annular wall outwardly and the pierced panel edge is deformed from the plane of the panel against the external surface of the annular wall, interlocking the panel and fastener.

Abstract: The invention provides a subterranean well casing perforating gun device which employs shaped explosive charges to perforate the well casing. The device generally defines an outer tubular housing assembly concentrically insertable in the well and defining a vertical axis, cylindrical chamber. A tubular carrier of polygonal cross sectional configuration is insertable in the chamber in concentric relationship to the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical chamber. Each of the faces of the carrier have a plurality of spaced passages therethrough, each passage having a configuration substantially corresponding to the configuration of the polygonal face. A shaped charge container has its cylindrical body insertable in any selected one of the passages and a radial flange on the outer end for abutting the polygonal face portion adjacent the respective passage, thereby limiting the insertion of each of the containers into the selected passage.

Abstract: A pierce nut has a plurality of projections which are integrally formed with a cylindrical body of the pierce nut. When the pierce nut is pressed against a metal sheet laid on a back-up die, an opening is formed in the metal sheet only by shearing force between the pierce nut and the back-up die, with no other force being used to press-break the metal sheet, and the projections are deformed by an annular bank portion of the back-up die at different portions thereof each time the back-up die is used. Thus, the use of the present pierce nut in combination with the present back-up die remarkably extends the life of the back-up die.

Abstract: A valve plate is manufactured by stamping round two-ply blanks out of two superimposed strips of material and shaping the valve plate out of the blanks while retaining the double ply. The plate is provided with a dome by this process. The outer ply is now provided with threading in the vicinity of the dome. If the plate is damaged when an adaptor is subsequently screwed onto it, the damage will be confined to the outer layer.

Abstract: A float stopper is attached to the free end of a thermoplastic switch case constituting part of a liquid level sensor by forming the free end of the switch case into a hollow, cylindrically shaped projection, fitting the float stopper over the projection through a hole formed in the stopper and, forcibly inserting a caulking tool, heated to a temperature which is lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic material constituting the switch case, into the cylindrically shaped projection to soften and spread the projection until its outer surface abuts against the rim of the hole formed in the float stopper. Upon curing the spread portion of the caulking projection holds the float stopper rigidly in place with excellent mechanical strength.

Abstract: A method of supplying tips for a fiber forming bushing is provided which involves mating the tips to a hole in a bushing plate, applying pressure to the tip sidewalls against the plate to firmly seal them followed by a high temperature treatment to form a homogeneous metal bond.

Abstract: A tubular rivet is formed having flared conical head portions in fastening elation to a plurality of laminates presenting outer surfaces that are inclined to planes normal to a bore through the laminates and having countersinks the axes of which are normal to the respective outer surfaces by means of a mandrel having a conical forming head on a bendable pull shaft extending through an annular anvil having a conical forming surface and adapted to swivel relative to the pull shaft.

Abstract: A stem securing assembly for conduits and a method for its use is provided herein. The conduit, e.g., of polyethylene tubing, is apertured through the wall thereof and a hollow stem to be secured thereto, e.g., for sprinkler heads and the like, is provided with a frusto-conical bulbous base. Preferably, it is provided with a double sloping shouldered base with the diameter of the frusto-conical bulbous base being slightly less than the diameter of the conduit aperture so that the lower end of the hollow stem is insertable through the aperture. A malleably deformable, e.g., resilient, sleeve is positioned to surround the stem and to rest on the frusto-conical bulbous base, or on the second shoulder if both are provided. The assembly so provided is inserted into the aperture. The sleeve has an outside diameter enabling snug insertion of the sleeve into the aperture. A clamping member, e.g., a screw-threaded nut or the like, engages the stem and is urged, e.g.

Abstract: A metallic syringe tube is fused to a plastic fitting into which the tube is inserted so that the inner end of the tube contacts the fitting, by clamping the tube between a counterelectrode which acts as an abutment for the inner end of the tube and a clamping jaw which engages the free end of the tube, and applying a resistance heating voltage to the tube between the counterelectrode and a location between the fitting and the clamping jaw for heating at least a portion of the syringe tube inner end in contact with the fitting to the melting temperature of the plastic forming the fitting.