Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a step to stile joint in a ladder which does not utilize mechanical fastenings such as rivets and the like.According to this invention, the step is provided with integral hollow sections extending therealong which protrude from each end and which pass through apertures in the stiles and are adapted to be swage connected thereto.

Abstract: An improved spring and expander cap assembly and method of attaching such expander caps to the opposite ends of a coil spring is disclosed wherein the expander cap is provided with a plurality of fingers which are deflected over the end coil of a helical coil spring. In a preferred embodiment substantially identical end caps are simultaneously secured to opposite ends of the spring.

Abstract: A full jacketed lined piping system with appropriate venting is provided wherein the jacket features welded construction to the flanges of the lined pipe.

Abstract: A fastener is provided for securing an article to a support without making a hole in the support and wherein access can be gained to only one side of the support. The fastener is welded to the accessible surface of the support and the article is clamped to the support by setting the fastener with a blind-riveting tool.

Abstract: A full-floating axle drive assembly for propelling a vehicle includes a shaft having a splined end to which a splined drive member is axially and non-rotatably secured. The drive member is secured to the splined end of the shaft between the bottom of the shaft splines and a forged flange end. In a preferred embodiment, the shaft extends through an axle tube on which a wheel hub is fully supported by bearings. The drive member is secured to the wheel hub which is rotated thereby about the axle tube.

Abstract: A method of mounting a mouthpiece onto a container which comprises fitting a tubular mouthpiece having an externally threaded portion and an annular leg portion of reduced thickness at the lower portion of the externally threaded portion, around an upright tubular portion formed integral with a top plate of the container, bending the upper end of the tubular portion outward to cause the bent edge of the upper end to hold the upper end of the mouthpiece from above, pressing outward from inside the lower end of the tubular portion and the said lower end leg portion of the mouthpiece both at a plurality of portions to form a plurality of projections at the lower end of the tubular portion and also the same number of recessed portions in the said leg portion of the mouthpiece, and causing the projections to engage with the recessed portions.

Abstract: A method and structure for joining a harder to a softer sheet are disclosed. Sharp projections are formed surrounding a hole on the harder sheet, and these projections are penetrated through the softer sheet and then bent back and around so as to engage with the softer sheet. In a preferred embodiment, the projections are formed by boring a conical hole in the harder sheet, cutting radial slots which lead outwards from the hole, and bending the periphery of the hole perpendicular to the sheet. The acute angle formed by the conical surface of the hole and one face of the sheet ensures that the projections are sharp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly-type tire protector comprising a plurality of annular members disposed substantially parallel to the tire surface and a plurality of link members disposed substantially perpendicular to the tire surface, said annular members being connected together by said link members to form a net, each of said link members comprising a body which is provided at both of its ends with opposing hook-like arm means for interconnecting said annular members, said opposing hook-like arm means defining an opening, a pin disposed upright in said body, said pin having a head portion and a base portion, said head portion substantially occupying said opening, said body of the link member containing a blind hole for receiving said base portion of the pin, and means disposed in said hole for expanding said base portion of the pin within said hole for locking said pin in position in said hole.

Abstract: A pipe coupling for application to plain end pipe and pipe pile by a driving force. It provides much greater tensile strength than the double sleeve type of pipe coupling disclosed and claimed in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,053,247 in that it provides greater strength under tension. In one embodiment, a pair of tapered wedge rings are disposed in spaced coaxial relation within an outer cylindrical sleeve having corresponding tapered inner surfaces to provide tapered annular sockets into which pipe sections may be forced or driven to expand the diameter of the pipe. An annular shoulder on the sleeve forms the bottom of the annular sockets. Under tension, the tapered rings wedge the pipe against the outer sleeve to resist axial removal of the pipe from the coupling socket. In another embodiment, the tapered wedge rings are disposed in coaxial relation outside the cylindrical sleeve to form annular tapered sockets which serve to reduce the diameter of the pipe as it is driven into the socket.

Abstract: A metal ladder is fabricated from a pair of spaced rails in which the rails have web portions which are provided at spaced intervals with inwardly directed embossments. Each of these embossments has an opening into which one end of a tubular rung is inserted and swaged to the rail. The embossments act as ribs to carry the load toward the flanges constituting the stiffer portions of the rail thereby increasing the strength and effectively reducing the web flexure and angle changes between the rungs and the rails, due to sideward forces in ladder use. By reason of the built in stiffness web thickness may be reduced resulting in savings in materials. Additionally, intermediate these embossments, just described, the web portion of each rail is formed with one or more outwardly directed embossments.

Abstract: A fastener is provided for securing an article to a support without making a hole in the support and wherein access can be gained to only one side of the support. The fastener is welded to the accessible surface of the support and the article is clamped to the support by setting the fastener with a blind-riveting tool.

Abstract: An improved combustion chamber comprises a shell having a circular array of integral teeth formed at one end thereof. Shrunkfit onto said shell end at or near the roots of the teeth is a ring. The toothed end of the shell is received in an opening in a sheet header so that the ring engages against the header sheet and a continuous weld bead is formed between the ring and the header sheet all around the shell. The shell teeth are bent radially outward and engage the header sheet on the opposite side thereof from the ring so as to be in intimate thermal heat exchange contact with the sheet and these teeth are also welded to the header sheet. The aforesaid engagement between the chamber and rear head minimizes stresses on hot end of the chamber and prolong its useful life. Means engaged around the opposite end of the shell supports, and yet permits lengthwise movement of, that end of the shell.

Abstract: A tube-to-plate connection includes a plate defining an aperture where the tube is to be attached to the plate, the portion of the plate surrounding the aperture including a flange extending away from the plane of the plate and providing, at its distal extent, a lip which projects radially inwardly toward the axis of the aperture. The end of the tube lies generally against the lip to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally further through the plate. The flange includes an opening for receiving a radially deformed portion of the tube side wall adjacent the end of the tube to prevent rotation of the tube in the plate. The flange and tube end include portions adjacent the lip which are flared to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally out of engagement with the plate.

Abstract: A rivet for joining fiber reinforced plastic laminates has an alloy of titanium columbium. The rivet is semi-tubular in shape. The tubular portion is shaped with an outwardly tapered inner wall to provide for expansion of the tubular section without expanding the balance of the shank.

Abstract: A lock spindle blind rivet assembly is provided which is intended to be received in a hole in a workpiece, and which is made up of a sleeve adapted to be received in the hole, a stem having a forward section with an outer diameter slightly less than the inner diameter of the sleeve and a rear section with an outer diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the sleeve, the forward and rear sections of the stem being separated by an annular locking groove which forms an annular shoulder around the stem. A collar having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the sleeve, and having an inner diameter slightlygreater than the outer diameter of the forward section of the stem but less than the diameter of the annular shoulder, is slidably mounted on the forward section of the stem to be moved back along the forward section to engage and be stopped by the annular shoulder.

Abstract: A pipe joint specifically adapted for an oil lamp inlet screen, and a method of assembly therefor, comprising a metal pipe adapted at one end to be connected to an oil pump housing and a filter screen including a molded plastic screen housing having an aperture adapted to receive the other pipe end. A metal eyelet is molded into the plastic housing and extends therefrom to embrace a circumferential rib formed on the outside surface of the pipe. An annular resilient sealing ring surrounds the pipe and is captured by the eyelet in sealing compression between the circumferential rib and the housing.

Abstract: A tube-to-plate connection includes a plate defining an aperture where the tube is to be attached to the plate. The portion of the plate surrounding the aperture includes a plurality of fingers extending away from the plane of the plate and projecting radially inwardly toward the axis of the aperture. The end of the tube lies generally against the radially inward projections of the fingers to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally further through the plate. The tube side wall includes a radially deformed portion adjacent each finger to prevent rotation of the tube in the plate. The fingers and the tube end include portions adjacent the radially inward projections of the fingers which are flared radially outward to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally out of engagement with the plate.

Abstract: A metal ladder is fabricated from a pair of spaced rails in which the rails have web portions which are provided at spaced intervals with inwardly directed embossments. Each of these embossments has an opening into which one end of a tubular rung is inserted and swaged to the rail. The embossments act as ribs to carry the load toward the flanges constituting the stiffer portions of the rail thereby increasing the strength and effectively reducing the web flexure and angle changes between the rungs and the rails, due to sideward forces in ladder use. By reason of the built in stiffness web thickness may be reduced resulting in savings in materials. Additionally, intermediate these embossments, just described, the web portion of each rail is formed with one or more outwardly directed embossments.

Abstract: A fastener is provided for securing an article to a support without making a hole in the support and wherein access can be gained to only one side of the support. The fastener is welded to the accessible surface of the support and the article is clamped to the support by setting the fastener with a blind-riveting tool.

Abstract: A round disk having a central aperture therein, such as the base of a shotgun shell or a facsimile thereof is utilized in the fabrication of a fastener, and a tubular member such as the sleeve of a primer is positioned through the aperture and formed into a fastening member. When an actual shotgun shell is utilized, the base is separated from the remainder of the shell, and the inner end of the shell primer is utilized to retain an external member which sandwiches a sheet of material such as fabric, leather or the like, therebetween. The shotgun shell type fastener may be utilized as a button, snap, decorative attachment or the like.

Abstract: A method of forming metal gaskets from a predetermined length of metal tubing.

Abstract: A fastening device for fastening together flexible belts having reinforcing cords therein and a method of fastening in which damage to the reinforcing cords of the belts is minimized. The fastening device may also be utilized to attach a rigid plate having an aperture therein to a flexible belt having reinforcing cords therein to minimize damage to the reinforcing cords of the belt.

Abstract: A cathode support assembly includes an apertured ceramic member, an apertured spring washer, and a dual diameter eyelet having an outwardly crimped portion and a peened end portion exerting a force on the ceramic member and spring washer therebetween. In the fabrication process, the ceramic member and spring washer are telescoped over the eyelet and into contact with the crimped portion and the end of the eyelet is peened into contact therewith to exert a force thereon.

Abstract: A member to be welded to another member by means of a welding tool that clamps the two members together with the weld location in register with a welding tip carried by the tool. Attached to the member is a welding collar of a material different than the material of the members to be welded together. The collar is located relative to the tip by an interlocking connection between the tool and the one member.

Abstract: Two planar members or two members having planar parts are interconnected using one or more assembly tubes which extend between the two members in an aperture in each member and are normal to a planar part of each member. Each end of the assembly tube is clamped against the respective external face of each member thereby providing the interconnection. A bracer tube encircles each assembly tube between the respective planar parts. As a result an assembly is obtained in which planar parts of the members are in parallel spaced apart relationship with respect to each other.

Abstract: A clevis is formed from two pieces, a shank and a U-member. The proximal end of the shank is inserted through a hole in the U-member and said end is rolled outwardly to form a flange which prevents distal movement of the shank.

Abstract: A recoilable air hose having a two-piece swivel fitting.

Abstract: A deformable metal rivet is permanently attached to a sheet metal wall by deforming a tubular extension on the free end of the rivet shank around an inwardly directed rim surrounding an opening in the sheet metal wall. The resultant article includes a rivet that has an extension turned around the inwardly directed rim surrounding a hole which receives the rivet to clinch the rivet on the sheet metal wall.

Abstract: A metallic fastener connects metallic webs to a truss chord member. The fastener comprises a head overlying a pair of web ends and a tubular shank extending through openings in the web ends. The shank has a deformed, radially outwardly flaring end portion which compressively deforms the chord wood immediately surrounding the flare.

Abstract: A self-flanging nut construction utilizing a tubular body having a laterally extending flange at one end and an opening therethrough, said opening having a first portion and a second portion of differing cross sectional areas, the first portion being formed with a thread and the second portion defining a riveting flange. A plurality of circumferentially spaced serrations or ribs are provided on the periphery of said body adjacent said flange. When the nut is placed adjacent a sheet metal body having an opening therein with the opening in alignment with the opening in the nut and the nut is forced against said plate, the metal surrounding said opening in said plate is first deformed axially of the opening to form a tubular portion and thereafter the riveting flange is deformed laterally outwardly over the end of the tubular portion formed on said plate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a nut and panel assembly and method wherein the panel is pierced into a nut chamber and the bolt threadably engages the panel. The disclosed nut includes a circular chamber which receives the pierced portion of the panel for threaded engagement by the bolt and a coaxially aligned smooth cylindrical passage which threadably receives the bolt.

Abstract: A panel extruding nut for use with a thread forming screw and adapted to be mechanically secured to a flat sheet basal member, the nut including a body having opposed flat surfaces and opposed coaxial first and second bores, the first bore having a diameter slightly larger than the minor diameter of the screw thread, the second bore having a diameter which, together with two extruded or drawn thicknesses of the basal member, is substantially equal to the diameter of the first bore. A punch is used to pierce the basal member and to extrude and shape an integral neck into the second bore which mechanically secures the panel extruding nut. The neck and the panel extruding nut are then threaded by the thread forming screw.

Abstract: A leak-tight non-contaminative joint, for connecting tin lined copper tubing with a tin lined coupling member, is formed by exposing the tin lining at the tube end and inserting an elastic "O"-ring between the exposed lining and the surrounding coupling, so that the fluid within the tubing and coupling does not contact any metal other than tin. A clamp for holding the coupling member and tubing together is also disclosed.

Abstract: The attachment of a tubular pipe connection means to the wall of a storage tank of similar structure in which an end portion of the pipe connection means attachable to the wall is provided with an inwardly inclined conical collar having at its free end portion an outwardly directed conical flange. A bar with a conically-shaped free end portion being insertable into the pipe connection means so that the free end portion thereof contacts the inside of the collar with a conical hole piercing member being attached to the free end portion of the bar in contact with the inside of the flange of the pipe connection means. The arrangement is such that when the hole piercing member together with the pipe connection means are moved axially through the wall of the tank, the conical collar and flange, via the conically shaped free end portion of the bar, are pressed outwardly and caused to bend and grip the edge of the hole formed in the wall by the piercing member.

Abstract: A hot air furnace which includes at least one heat exchange unit having at least one mounting flange section defining an opening therein and a plate member having an aperture therein corresponding to at least one of the openings in said heat exchange unit and in alignment therewith with sheet insulating material interposed between said plate member and heat exchange unit by virtue of the said flange being expanded into a plane parallel to that of said plate member to thereby secure the plate member and interposed insulating material in place on said heat exchange unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a self-flanging nut construction utilizing a tubular body having a laterally extending flange at one end and an opening therethrough, said opening having a first portion and a second portion of differing cross sectional areas, the first portion being formed with a thread and the second portion defining a riveting flange. A plurality of circumferentially spaced serrations are provided on the periphery of said body adjacent said flange. When the nut is placed adjacent a sheet metal body having an opening therein with the opening in alignment with the opening in the nut and the nut is forced against said plate, the metal surrounding said opening in said plate is first deformed axially of the opening to form a tubular portion and thereafter the riveting flange is deformed laterally outwardly over the end of the tubular portion formed on said plate.

Abstract: The plumbing assembly includes a tube having a free edge portion at which at least one inverted T-shaped projection is formed. The projection is located with its cross bar extending parallel to the free edge of the tube and the stem thereof extending from the cross bar towards the free edge and terminating at a point spaced therefrom. An annular ring formed with a threaded outer peripheral surface and a relatively smooth inner surface has at least one recess formed in its inner surface for receiving the stem portion of the T-shaped projection, thereby to prevent relative rotation between the tube and the ring.

Abstract: A method of forming an anchor member for use in a concrete prestressing anchorage is disclosed. The method includes the provision of plate means formed with a bore therethrough, positioning of a tubular conduit means in the bore, and urging of the conduit against the side walls of the bore to radially deform the conduit and bore into a tapered bore suitable for mounting of tendon gripping wedges therein. The urging step not only forms the taper in the bore, but also effects securement of the conduit to the plate. The conduit may be positioned to extend from either or both of the front or rear sides of the plate to provide or enable securement of auxiliary structures to the anchor member, e.g., means for mounting of the anchor member to a form board. The method employing the conduit may be used to effect securement of a plurality of plate-like elements together to form a unitized anchor plate. Anchor members including tubular conduit means press-fit into the tapered bore are also disclosed.