Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes first and second capacitors connected in series, a switching part, and a control circuit part which includes a voltage difference calculating part for calculating a difference between voltages of the first and second capacitors, a duty ratio controller for controlling duty ratio of on- and OFF-durations to decrease the voltage difference of the first and second capacitors on the basis of the calculated difference. A power supplying system including the DC-DC converter controls balance between first and second capacitors in voltage on the basis of the powering/regenerating discriminating signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supplying power to circuits of an integrated circuit (IC) from the wasted power in low-swing high-speed differential line drivers used in the IC, is disclosed. In a high speed line driver the load resistors of the driver are connected to a power supply, either the local power supply or the receiver power supply. DC power for the driver is supplied through these resistors. A large portion of this power, supplied from the power supply is wasted in the DC set-up circuit of the differential line driver. It is proposed to use this wasted power to power selected circuits of an IC. The use of this wasted power from the drivers for powering the circuits reduces the overall power dissipation of the system.

Abstract: A control circuit for an indicator light includes a power source, a switch unit, a ground resistor, and a first adjusting unit. The power source supplies a voltage. The switch unit is connected between the power source and the indicator light and turns on or turns off the indicator light. The ground resistor is connected between the power source and the ground via the indicator light and the switch unit. The first adjusting unit includes a first adjusting resistor and a first control switch. The adjusting resistor is connected between the indicator light and the ground via the first control switch. The first control switch is capable of connecting the first adjusting resistor with the ground resistor in parallel.

Abstract: A controller for a DC/DC converter includes multiple signal generators and a control circuit. The signal generators generate multiple pulse signals, each signal generator generating a corresponding pulse signal of the pulse signals and controlling the corresponding pulse signal to have a predetermined pulse width by counting a same preset number of cycles of a same oscillating signal. The control circuit selectively activates the signal generators according to an output of the DC/DC converter to generate the pulse signals.

Abstract: A current source regulator for controlling an output device (Mp) of current source, the output device (Mp) providing an output current (Isrc) to a load. The current source regulator comprises a first feedback loop (1) and second feedback loop (2). The first feedback loop (1) includes a first sensing path to provide a first sensing signal (Is1) for comparison with a first reference to generate a first control signal. The second feedback loop (2) comprises a second sensing path to provide a second sensing signal (Is3, Is3?) for comparison with a second reference (Ib5) to generate a charging current signal (Icharge). The charging current signal (Icharge) is applied to the control signal during a transient state of the current source regulator.

Abstract: A power regulation circuit is connected to a voltage supply unit for receiving a power-on voltage supplied by the voltage supply unit and to a voltage management unit for enabling an enable port thereof. The power regulation circuit includes a first regulation unit and the second regulation unit. The first regulation unit is used for outputting an enable signal to the enable port when the power-on voltage is lower than a threshold value such that the voltage management unit can output a first working voltage to a load via a first output port thereof. The first regulation unit stops outputting the enable signal after the expiry of a certain period of time following the drop in a power supply to a level which is below a certain threshold value for a predetermined period.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for providing an active current assist with analog bypass for a switcher circuit. An active current assist circuit is coupled to a buck regulator circuit, which includes a switcher circuit, an inductor circuit and a capacitor circuit. The active current assist circuit includes an active current analog bypass control circuit and a current source. The active current analog bypass control circuit receives and uses current limit information, voltage error information, and drop out information to determine a value of assist current that is appropriate for a current operational state of the buck regulator circuit. The active current analog bypass control circuit causes the current source to provide the appropriate value of assist current to the buck regulator circuit.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for either power gating or bypassing a voltage regulator. Responsive to receiving an asserted power gate signal to power gate the output voltage of the voltage regulator, at least one of first control circuitry power gates the output voltage of a first circuit or second control circuitry power gates the output voltage of a second circuit such that substantially no voltage to is output by the first circuit to a primary output node. Responsive to receiving an asserted bypass signal to bypass the output voltage of the voltage regulator, at least one of the first control circuitry bypasses the output voltage of the first circuit or the second control circuitry bypasses the output voltage of a second circuit such that substantially the voltage of a voltage source is output by the first circuit to the primary output node.

Abstract: A method for operating an electric power generating system (EPGS) includes, in one aspect, detecting current limiting conditions in the SSPC, wherein the SSPC includes a main solid state switch in series with an output filter that includes a first solid state switch, and wherein a decoupling filter comprises a second solid state switch. Another aspect includes, based on the detection of the current limiting conditions in the SSPC, opening the first solid state switch and the second solid state switch; detecting an absence of current limiting conditions in the SSPC; and, based on the detection of the absence of current limiting conditions in the SSPC, closing the first solid state switch and the second solid state switch, and powering a direct current (DC) load by a generator of the EPGS via the output filter and the SSPC.

Abstract: An operational transconductance amplifier used in conjunction with a multiple chip voltage feedback technique allows multiple strings of LEDs and current sinks to be efficiently powered by a simple feedback oriented voltage regulator within an appliance. A connected series of differential amplifiers or multiplexors are used to monitor the voltages between the connected LEDs and the current sinks, in order to progressively determine the lowest voltage. The operational transconductance amplifier compares this voltage to a reference voltage and injects or removes current from the feedback node of a voltage regulator, thereby altering the voltage present at the feedback node. This causes the voltage regulator to adjust its output, ensuring that the current sinks of the LED strings have adequate voltage with which to function, even as the LEDs have different forward voltages and the strings are asynchronously enabled and disabled.

Abstract: A single-inductor multiple-output power converter includes an inductor having a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of the inductor is coupled to a power input terminal, and the second terminal of the inductor is switched to either of the first terminal of the inductor, multiple power output terminals, and a ground terminal. By switching the second terminal of the inductor between the first terminal of the inductor, the power output terminals, and the ground terminal, the power converter may provide multiple output voltages at the power output terminals respectively, in a less loss and thereby higher efficiency manner.

Abstract: A voltage reference generation circuit includes a current supply circuit and a core circuit. The current supply circuit is arranged to provide a plurality of currents. The core circuit is coupled to the current supply circuit, and arranged to receive the currents and accordingly generate a voltage reference. The core circuit includes a first transistor, a second transistor and a third transistor, wherein the first transistor and the third transistor generate a first gate-to-source voltage and a third gate-to-source voltage, respectively, according to a first current of the received currents; the second transistor generates a second gate-to-source voltage according to a second current of the received currents; and the voltage reference is generated according to the first gate-to-source voltage, the second gate-to-source voltage and the third gate-to-source voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supplying power to the peripheral circuits of a transmitter circuit, especially an HDMI transmitter circuit, is disclosed. In an HDMI transmitter, the termination resistors of the output driver are part of the receiver. DC power for the driver is supplied through these termination resistors. In prior art implementations, power supplied by the receiver circuit is wasted in the DC set-up circuit of the differential line driver. In various embodiments, this wasted power may be recovered from the remote termination to power selected peripheral circuits of the transmitter. The use of this wasted power may reduce the total system power consumption.

Abstract: A voltage generating circuit of semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a voltage controller that detects the level of an external supply voltage and outputs a voltage control signal; a voltage supplier that outputs the external supply voltage or a first internal voltage in response to the voltage control signal; and a first reference voltage generator that is supplied with an output voltage of the voltage supplier and generates a first reference voltage.

Abstract: Power is provided to one or more devices in a system that includes a hierarchical power smoothing environment having multiple tiers. In response to a peak in power usage by the one or more devices, power is provided from a first power smoothing component in a first tier of the multiple tiers. Additionally, power is provided to the one or more devices from power smoothing components in each of other tiers of the multiple tiers if the power smoothing component in a next lower tier of the multiple tiers is unable to provide sufficient power for the peak in power usage. If the power smoothing components in the multiple tiers are unable to provide sufficient power for the peak in power usage, then performance of at least one of the one or more devices is reduced in response to the peak in power usage.

Abstract: Charge pump feedback control device and method are provided. The device is coupled to the charge pump unit which receives an input voltage so as to generate an output voltage and has switches and at least one capacitor, the device includes: a compensation unit, a modulation unit, and a phase control unit. The compensation unit receives the output voltage, compensates the output voltage for stability, and generates an error signal. The modulation unit receives the error signal, modulates the error signal, and correspondingly generates a modulation signal. The phase control unit receives the modulation signal so as to generate phase signal, and controls the plurality of switches of the charge pump unit according to the plurality of phase signal so as to generate the output voltage through the input voltage charging/discharging at least one capacitor of the charge pump unit.

Abstract: An energy recovery circuit receives and stores energy associated with switching transitions in a power converter having a first switch and a second switch configured to be operated to selectively apply a voltage source to an output load. The energy recovery circuit includes an inductive element, a diode, and a capacitive element. The inductive element receives at least a portion of electrical current flowing through one of the first switch and the second switch. The at least a portion of the electrical current flows through the diode to charge the capacitive element with a voltage. The energy recovery circuit includes a recovery power converter to transfer the voltage from the capacitor.

Abstract: A regulator includes an output circuit receives a feedback voltage and provides an output current based on the feedback voltage, an output voltage of the regulator is based on the output current; a first MOSFET coupled to the output circuit and receives the output voltage of the regulator; a second MOSFET coupled to the first MOSFET provides the feedback voltage based on, at least in part, the output voltage; a current sink coupled to the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET and receive jointly a current from the first MOSFET and a current from the second MOSFET; a current source coupled to the second MOSFET and provides the second MOSFET with the current, a connection of the current source and the second MOSFET is further coupled to the output circuit and provides the feedback voltage based on, at least in part, the current in the second MOSFET.

Abstract: A feedback control method of a pulse width modulator (PWM) voltage converter may include generating a control voltage as a sum of an offset voltage and an error signal representing a difference between a scaled replica of a regulated output voltage of the voltage converter and a reference voltage, comparing the control voltage with a ramp signal, the comparing operation generating PWM driving signals for the voltage converter, comparing the regulated output voltage of the voltage converter with an overshoot threshold, and reducing the control voltage when the overshoot threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, a device for providing a DC output voltage, including a first output voltage and a second output voltage, from an input voltage. The device can include a first voltage regulator configured to provide the first output voltage when the input voltage is below a threshold voltage, and a charge pump configured to provide the second output voltage from the first output voltage in a two-state mode when the input voltage is below the threshold voltage, and to provide the first output voltage and the second output voltage in a three-state mode when the input voltage is above the threshold voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes generating a drive current. Generation of the drive current results in a first leakage current, and the drive current and first leakage current each flow into a first node. The method also includes generating a second leakage current and amplifying the second leakage current to generate a leakage-compensation current. The leakage-compensation current flows away from the first node.

Abstract: An LVRT control method for a grid-connected converter of distributed energy resources comprises steps of: obtain a positive sequence electrical component and a negative sequence electrical component during an LVRT period; outputting a compensation signal according to a power threshold withstood by a grid-connected converter to undertake reactive power compensation; and constraining the output power lower than the power threshold. The present invention uses the positive and negative sequence electrical components to undertake reactive power compensation, whereby to improve balance and stability of voltage during the LVRT period, avoid reverse torque and mechanical resonance, and prolong the service life of the power generator. Moreover, the present invention constrains the sum of the compensation currents below the power threshold to prevent the circuit of the power generator from being overloaded and damaged, whereby is prolonged the service life of the power system.

Abstract: A distributed power converter is for use with an RF power amplifier and includes a primary converter connected to an input voltage and configured to provide an unregulated DC intermediate voltage that is galvanically isolated from the input voltage. Additionally, the distributed power converter also includes a secondary regulator connected galvanically to the unregulated DC intermediate voltage and configured to generate a regulated DC supply voltage for at least a portion of the RF power amplifier. In another aspect, a method of operating a distributed power converter is for use with an RF power amplifier and includes providing an unregulated DC intermediate voltage that is galvanically isolated from an input voltage and generating a regulated DC supply voltage for at least a portion of the RF power amplifier that is galvanically connected to the unregulated DC intermediate voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a regulator circuit is provided. The regulator circuit includes a control circuit configured and arranged to adjust an oscillation frequency of a variable frequency oscillator in response to a feedback signal indicating the regulated output voltage. A charge pump is coupled to an output of the variable frequency oscillator and is configured to charge one or more energy storage elements in response to the output of the variable frequency oscillator. The regulator circuit includes a plurality of output stages, each having an input driven by the output of the charge pump and being configured to drive the regulated output voltage. Each output stage is selectably enabled or disabled in response to respective enable signal provided to the output regulator by an enable control circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing one or more reference currents with respective negative temperature coefficients are provided. A first voltage is divided to provide a divided voltage, which is compared to a reference voltage (e.g., a bandgap reference voltage) to provide a control voltage. The first voltage and the one or more reference currents are based on the control voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, each of a plurality of sites may produce surplus power. All or a fraction of the surplus power may be supplied to the power grid according to an agreement between the user of a site and an electric utility. A computer of the utility is in communication with a computer at each of a plurality of sites having a local power source. Terms of power provision that include an amount of power to be provided during a specified time of day is communicated between a site and the utility.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a driver, a subsidiary voltage converter, an inductor, a capacitor, and a voltage detection unit. The subsidiary voltage converter generates a driving voltage transmitted to the driver to supply working power to the driver. The driver controls the capacitor to be alternately charged and discharged through the inductor, thereby generating an output voltage and output current between the inductor and the first capacitor. The voltage detection unit detects an electric potential difference of the inductor and generates a reference voltage according to the electric potential difference, and the subsidiary voltage converter receives the reference voltage and adjusts the driving voltage according to the reference voltage.

Abstract: Series switches for power delivery. A regulator operated as a current source is arranged in parallel with a switched capacitor divider. A switched capacitor divider is configured in series with a plurality of linear regulators with each regulating one of a plurality of voltage outputs from the switched capacitor divider. In another embodiment, a series switch bridge has a first pair of switches connected in series with a second pair of switches across a voltage input, each switch within a pair of switches is switched in-phase with the other while the first pair of switches is switched out of phase with the second pair of switches. A balancing capacitor is coupled across one switch in both the first and second pair to be in parallel when either of the pair of switches is closed to reduce a charge imbalance between the switches.

Abstract: A technique for dynamically controlling microprocessor power plane voltage levels includes storing in a memory on a voltage regulator voltage control identifiers in a table accessible according to performance state. In at least one embodiment of the invention, a method includes transitioning a voltage output of a voltage regulator to a next voltage level associated with a next performance state of a processor coupled to the voltage regulator based on a performance state indicator received from the processor and a corresponding entry of a performance state table. In at least one embodiment, the method includes loading performance state table entries into a storage device on the voltage regulator circuit.

Abstract: As for a transistor, overlapped are factors such as a variation of a gate insulation film which occurs due to a difference of a manufacturing process and a substrate used and a variation of a crystalline state in a channel forming region and thereby, there occurs a variation of a threshold voltage and mobility of a transistor. This invention provides an electric circuit which used a rectification type device in which an electric current is generated only in a single direction, when an electric potential difference was applied to electrodes at both ends of the device. Then, the invention provides an electric circuit which utilized a fact that, when a signal voltage is inputted to one terminal of the rectification type device, an electric potential of the other terminal becomes an electric potential offset only by the threshold voltage of the rectification type device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a voltage-control-type clock generation circuit having a plurality of stages of first delay elements and whose oscillation frequency is controlled according to a control voltage applied to the first delay elements; a delay circuit having a plurality of stages of second delay elements connected serially; and a selection circuit selecting one from pulse signals output by the plurality of stages of respective second delay elements. The first delay elements and the second delay elements have a same structure formed on a same semiconductor substrate, and a delay amount of the second delay elements is adjusted according to the control voltage.

Abstract: A voltage regulator includes a power supply unit configured to generate a power supply voltage based on a reference voltage and a feedback voltage, configured to control a current level of a power supply line based on a first control signal, and configured to generate a driving signal based on a second control signal, the power supply voltage being provided to an external logic circuit through the power supply line, and the current level of the power supply line being additionally controlled outside the power supply unit based on the driving signal, and a feedback unit configured to generate the feedback voltage based on the power supply voltage, and configured to control a level of the feedback voltage based on a third control signal.

Abstract: A reference voltage circuit includes a first amplifier, a first load device and a first PN junction device, second and third load devices and a second PN junction device, an offset voltage reduction circuit, a coupling node potential takeout circuit, and an area adjustment circuit. The offset voltage reduction circuit is configured to reduce an offset voltage between the first and second input terminals at the first amplifier, and the coupling node potential takeout circuit is configured to take out potentials of the first and second coupling nodes. The area adjustment circuit is configured to adjust an area of the second PN junction device in accordance with the potentials of the first and second coupling nodes which are taken out by the coupling node potential takeout circuit.

Abstract: Regulating voltages. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are systems including a switching circuit configured to produce an intermediate voltage signal from an input voltage signal, and a first voltage regulator coupled the switching circuit and configured to produce a first regulated voltage signal from the intermediate voltage signal. The switching circuit is configured to create the intermediate voltage signal based on a switching signal having a duty cycle, and wherein the duty cycle of the switching signal is open-loop with respect the intermediate voltage signal and the first regulated voltage signal.

Abstract: A reference signal generator circuit for an analog-to-digital converter, the circuit having a signal-generation stage to generate a first reference signal on a first reference terminal, and a filtering circuit arranged between the generator stage and the analog-to-digital converter to determine a filtering of disturbance present on the first reference signal and supply at output on a second reference terminal a second filtered reference signal, the filtering circuit having a switching circuit to connect the first reference terminal to the second reference terminal directly during startup of the reference signal generator circuit and then through the filtering circuit once the startup step is terminated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multi-voltage regulator. The multi-voltage regulator includes an error amplifier amplifying a difference voltage between a predetermined reference voltage and a received feedback voltage; a first voltage adjusting part connected to an output terminal of the error amplifier, the first voltage adjusting part regulating a level of a voltage at a power input terminal to output the regulated voltage to a first output terminal; a second voltage adjusting part connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier, the second voltage adjusting part regulating the level of the voltage at the power input terminal to output the regulated voltage to a second output terminal; and a voltage detector detecting a voltage according to a voltage at the first output terminal and a voltage at the second output terminal to supply the detected voltage as the feedback voltage.

Abstract: A distributed power converter is for use with an RF power amplifier and includes a primary converter connected to an input voltage and configured to provide a regulated DC intermediate voltage that is galvanically isolated from the input voltage. Additionally, the distributed power converter also includes a secondary regulator connected galvanically to the regulated DC intermediate voltage and configured to generate a regulated DC supply voltage for at least a portion of the RF power amplifier. In another aspect, a method of operating a distributed power converter is for use with an RF power amplifier and includes providing a regulated DC intermediate voltage that is galvanically isolated from an input voltage and generating a regulated DC supply voltage for at least a portion of the RF power amplifier that is galvanically connected to the regulated DC intermediate voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a direct current generator and a pulse generator thereof. The pulse generator includes a comparator to replace a central processing unit and a logic integrated circuit to save the costs and space required by the electronic components. The pulse generator generates pulses to control the activation of the direct current generator and then to control the output current of the direct current generator. The direct current generator generates current having pulses based on pulses signals from the pulse generator to drive a load.

Abstract: An output compensator for a regulator is provided that can improve the dynamic response of a regulator, and which does not require the redesigning of the power conversion stage or control stage of the regulator, but simple circuit connection of the compensator circuit to the output stage of the regulator. The compensator senses an output signal at a passive component at an output of the regulator; generates a compensating signal based on a difference signal, the difference being a difference between a level of a reference signal for the regulator and the sensed output signal; and applies the compensating signal to the passive output component to reduce the difference between the level of the reference signal and the sensed output signal. The passive output component may be, for example, a capacitor or an inductor, depending on the operation of the regulator.

Abstract: When an output of an overall output terminal (18) of a power supply circuit (10) is switched from a series regulator section (14) to a switching regulator section (12), a fifth switch (55) is switched OFF, to temporarily open a feedback loop of the switching regulator section (12), a sixth switch (56) is maintained at an ON state, to output the output of the series regulator section (14) to the overall output terminal (18), and an artificial feedback loop is formed between an output terminal of an error amplifier (24) and a second terminal of the error amplifier (24), to output a voltage corresponding to the output of the series regulator section (14) to the output terminal of the error amplifier (24) and charge a phase compensating capacitor (26) of the switching regulator section (12).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a power system with temperature compensation control, for selectively supplying power from an external power source or a battery to a load, or charging the battery from the external power source, the power system comprising a buck converter electrically connected between the external power source and the load, and a temperature compensation control circuit for adjusting an output voltage of the buck converter according to a sensed temperature.

Abstract: A voltage generator is provided. The voltage generator includes a voltage pump and a voltage controller. The voltage pump generates a target voltage using a clock signal. The voltage controller compares a temporary voltage input from the voltage pump with a reference voltage to generate a control signal controlling the voltage pump. The voltage controller includes a string of a plurality of resistors connected in series to change a level of the temporary voltage to a voltage level of a corresponding comparison voltage. When the plurality of resistors are in a string, a resistance of a resistor closest to one end of the string is greater than resistances of other resistors of the string. The voltage controller may further include a jumping unit controlling connection or disconnection of two arbitrary nodes among first to n-th nodes (where n is a natural number) defined as connection points of the adjacent resistors of the string.

Abstract: The DC-DC converter (21) is for integration in a low power transceiver (100). The converter is able to supply an output voltage that is higher than the input voltage. The converter includes two distinct variable voltage regulator circuits (3 and 4). The first variable voltage regulator circuit (3) is arranged to operate at a first frequency and a second variable voltage regulator circuit (4) is arranged to operate at a second frequency, which is lower than the first frequency. The converter further includes switching means connected to each variable voltage regulator circuit for selecting one of the two regulator circuits to switch on.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a voltage regulator for impedance matching and pre-emphasis, a method of regulating voltage for impedance matching and pre-emphasis, and a voltage mode driver using the voltage regulator and the method. The voltage regulator includes a first loop circuit configured to regulate a supply voltage for a pre-driver of a main tap, a second loop circuit configured to regulate a supply voltage for a pre-driver of a pre-emphasis tap, and a driver voltage determination unit configured to include a reference resistor and to determine supply voltage for the voltage mode driver. The first loop circuit includes a variable resistor, a first main tap replica, and a first OP amp, and the second loop circuit includes a resistor having a resistance value identical to that of the reference resistor of the voltage regulator, a second main tap replica, a pre-emphasis tap replica, and a second OP amp.

Abstract: A circuit including a multistage voltage regulator having a plurality of stages each including a regulated node and a bias transistor. The bias transistors and regulated nodes are configured to control the voltage of the regulated nodes. For at least some of the stages, the regulated nodes are coupled to voltage supply terminals of circuit modules of the stages.

Abstract: A converter circuit includes a converter and a controller. The converter converts an input voltage to an output voltage. The controller receives a reference voltage, generates a slew voltage having a substantially constant first slew rate if the reference voltage changes from a first level to a second level, and controls the converter based on the slew voltage to cause the output voltage to change from a third level to a fourth level at a substantially constant second slew rate.

Abstract: A current source regulator for controlling an output device (Mp) of current source, the output device (Mp) providing an output current (Isrc) to a load. The current source regulator comprises a first feedback loop (1) and second feedback loop (2). The first feedback loop (1) includes a first sensing path to provide a first sensing signal (Is1) for comparison with a first reference to generate a first control signal. The second feedback loop (2) comprises a second sensing path to provide a second sensing signal (Is3, Is3?) for comparison with a second reference (Ib5) to generate a charging current signal (Icharge). The charging current signal (Icharge) is applied to the control signal during a transient state of the current source regulator.

Abstract: A controller for use with a power converter including a switch configured to conduct to provide a regulated output characteristic at an output of the power converter, and method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the controller includes a linear control circuit, coupled to the output, configured to provide a first control signal for the switch as a function of the output characteristic. The controller also includes a nonlinear control circuit, coupled to the output, configured to provide a second control signal for the switch as a function of the output characteristic. The controller is configured to select one of the first and second control signals for the switch in response to a change in an operating condition of the power converter.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, apparatus, circuitry, components, mechanisms, modules, units, systems, and processes for controlling a power switch of a voltage regulator. A capacitor is coupled to an output of the power switch. Charge delivery circuitry is coupled to the capacitor and configured to provide a charging current to the capacitor. Charge control circuitry can be coupled to the charge delivery circuitry and configured to selectively allow the providing of the charging current to the capacitor.

Abstract: As for a transistor, overlapped are factors such as a variation of a gate insulation film which occurs due to a difference of a manufacturing process and a substrate used and a variation of a crystalline state in a channel forming region and thereby, there occurs a variation of a threshold voltage and mobility of a transistor. This invention provides an electric circuit which used a rectification type device in which an electric current is generated only in a single direction, when an electric potential difference was applied to electrodes at both ends of the device. Then, the invention provides an electric circuit which utilized a fact that, when a signal voltage is inputted to one terminal of the rectification type device, an electric potential of the other terminal becomes an electric potential offset only by the threshold voltage of the rectification type device.