Abstract: Device for controlling the current through a PN junction includes a voltage source connected in series to, in order, firstly a controllable current generator having an input connected to the voltage source, an output and a control input, thereafter a measurement resistor connected to the output, and finally a controlled output to which the PN junction is connected. The device further includes a control signal input, a differential amplifier and an integrating device, which includes a balanced integrator. The current through the output of the controllable current generator is proportional to the voltage difference between its input and its control input, and the reference voltage of the integrating device is constituted of the voltage of the voltage source.

Abstract: An AC power switching module comprising: AC current input and output means; switching means located between said input and output means for selectively blocking or passing said AC current; a switch controller arranged to provide an output signal to the switching means to control the state of the switching means; a primary control for setting the output of the switch controller; and a secondary control for setting the output of the switch controller, wherein said secondary control comprises a current-dependent circuit dependent on the AC current.

Abstract: A reference current generating circuit includes first and second standard current generating circuits to generate first and second standard currents, respectively and first and second trimming circuits to generate first and second reference circuits by trimming the standard current values outputted from the standard current generating circuits. The second standard current generating circuit operates for a part of an operation period of the first standard current generating circuit.

Abstract: A method of generating an output DC voltage of a gas discharge process voltage supply unit, in which in a first voltage transformation stage a first DC voltage is transformed into a second DC voltage of a predetermined voltage range, and the output DC voltage is generated from the second DC voltage in a second voltage transformation stage. A switching element of at least one boost converter is switched with a controlled pulse-duty factor for generating the output DC voltage in the second voltage transformation stage. This method permits striking and maintenance of a plasma process.

Abstract: A constant current device in accordance with the present invention is connected to an external voltage source and comprises an input unit, a driving transistor and a voltage control unit. The input unit is connected to the external voltage source. The driving transistor is used to output constant current. The voltage control unit makes the driving output constant current and comprises at least one resistor and a semiconductor load, and has a resistor voltage, the resistor comprising an input and an output.

Abstract: Inventive embodiments described here provide for accurately distributing a voltage reference to multiple cores of an integrated circuit (IC). A quasi-differential interface is used to transmit the voltage reference, and a virtual ground is established at a receiver located at each core location on the integrated circuit. In one embodiment, the receiver is an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) that converts a virtual-ground-referenced voltage input to a current. In one embodiment, the OTA converts the virtual-ground-referenced voltage into three currents via three driving current sources operating relative to the virtual ground and the local ground of the core. Negative feedback controls the accuracy of this conversion and provides a way to cancel the effects of the distribution resistance. The current is sourced across the voltage domains between the virtual ground and the VSS, which is the IC ground. An I*R drop across a resistor converts the current to a voltage referenced to VSS at the output.

Abstract: A controlled, symmetrical, stable current source that can power floating resistive loads, eliminates the need to connect the load directly to either a power supply or ground and protects the load against overpower should either or both sides of the load be shorted to ground. The current source includes two operational amplifiers for providing a current through the load that is proportional to an input voltage applied across the respective non-inverting inputs of the two operational amplifiers; two current sensing resistors for providing voltage drops that are proportional to the current through the load; and four summing resistors connected to the sensing resistors for providing to the inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers voltages that offset the sum of the voltage drops provided by the sensing resistors so that the current through the load is controlled by only the input voltage.

Abstract: While the amount of stored electricity is maintained at about 50 percent of a charging capacity using a direct-current power assist device connected to a direct-current circuit of an inverter, a certain period of time is monitored. When electricity is charged or discharged, the amount of peak cut, as a power assist, cannot be controlled. Moreover, it is impossible to carry out charge-and-discharge discrete control unique to a load corresponding to the intended use. In a setting section of a chopper control section of the direct-current power assist device, a charge start voltage, a charge stop voltage, a non-control voltage range, a discharge stop voltage, and a discharge start voltage are set as setting values. Each setting value is selected in accordance with a detection value of a direct-current detection voltage of the inverter, and output to a charge control section and a discharge control section as a charge target value and a discharge target value, respectively.

Abstract: A low-voltage current reference providing a current being substantially constant with temperature includes a low voltage bandgap, a start circuit coupled to the low voltage bandgap, and a current summer coupled to the low voltage bandgap and to the start circuit. The low voltage bandgap is for providing a constant voltage reference, and the start circuit is for starting the low voltage bandgap from a non-start mode and for providing a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current reference. The current summer is for providing a constant current reference according to the constant voltage reference and the PTAT current reference.

Abstract: The current drive device of the present invention includes: a current source transistor for allowing a preset drive current to flow to a drain; a cascode transistor cascode-connected to the current source transistor; a switch circuit for switching ON/OFF flow of the drive current through the drain of the cascode transistor and a circuit to be driven; and a bypass circuit for allowing the drive current to flow therethrough to bypass the switch circuit and the circuit to be driven when the switch circuit is OFF.

Abstract: A multi-parallel magnetic-filed cancellation type transformer includes a plurality of coils which generate magnetic flux during energization and a core having a plurality of magnetic leg portions on which the coils are wound, and bases for fixing the magnetic leg portions. The plurality of coils are wound on the magnetic leg portions in such a manner that the magnetic flux generated from the coils are formed in the directions opposite to each other. A plurality of closed magnetic circuits of the magnetic flux are formed at the magnetic leg portions and the bases. The magnetic resistance of the closed magnetic circuits is homogeneous. Accordingly, the transformer can reduce the size thereof, and prevent the deterioration of electric power conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A disclosed constant voltage circuit is configured to become active or inactive and convert an input voltage applied to an input terminal into a predetermined constant voltage for output from an output terminal. The circuit includes an output transistor for supplying, from the input terminal to the output terminal, an output current, an error amplifier circuit unit for controlling operations of the output transistor to make a first proportional voltage, which is proportional to the output voltage from the output terminal, equal to a predetermined reference voltage, a ramp voltage generating circuit unit for generating and outputting a ramp voltage whose voltage level increases at a predetermined speed from start-up, and an amplifier circuit unit for amplifying the voltage difference between the ramp voltage and a second proportional voltage, which is proportional to the output voltage, and outputting the amplified voltage difference to a control electrode of the output transistor.

Abstract: A direct gate drive current reference source circuit is provided. The direct gate drive current reference source circuit includes a reference voltage generation core outputting a reference voltage of constant magnitude and a transistor directly receiving the reference voltage from the reference voltage generation core, without a resistor between the transistor and a ground.

Abstract: A background self-calibrated DAC is presented. In the present invention, a virtual-short theory, applicable to input/output terminals of an operational amplifier, is periodically employed so as to self-calibrate a current source serially connected with an equivalent resistor, and the DAC using the same. The aforesaid DAC does not require an additional self-calibration period, and digital-to-analog conversion thereof can be realized in merely a small amount of die area. Correspondingly, a compact and high-speed current steering DAC can be realized.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a transistor. The second resistor is configured to receive a current via the first resistor. The transistor is configured to be driven via the first resistor and the second resistor and provide a compensation current. The current includes the compensation current and a reference current and changes in the current are compensated for via the compensation current which limits changes in the reference current.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a bi-direction constant current device coupled between a power supply and a LED load to provide stable positive and negative currents to the LED load. The bi-direction constant current device includes a pair of current sources face-to-face or back-to-back connected in series between the power supply and the LED load, and two protective elements shunt to the pair of current sources, respectively.

Abstract: A driver device may include a driver transistor providing a regulated current; and a stabilization circuit to produce a stabilized reference voltage to be applied to said driver transistor. The stabilization circuit may include: first and second bipolar stabilization transistors; a voltage divider including a first resistance and a second resistance, said voltage divider being interposed between the bases of said first and said second transistors, with the first resistor connected between the base of said second transistor and said partition point of said voltage divider and the partition point acting on the base of the first transistor; and a polarization network to determine the base-emitter voltages of said first and said second stabilization transistors, wherein: said first resistance has a value lower than the value of said second resistance, and the base-emitter voltage of said first transistor is higher than the base-emitter voltage of said second transistor.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for providing a pulsating current output having ultra fast rise and fall times. A linear constant current controller is provided that comprises an operational amplifier. A compensation capacitor is connected to an output of the operational amplifier through a switch circuit. The switch circuit closes to initially charge up the compensation capacitor. The switch circuit then opens to isolate the compensation capacitor when the output of the operational amplifier is connected to ground. A value of voltage is maintained on the compensation capacitor so that the compensation capacitor does not need to be recharged for each subsequent cycle of the pulsating current output. The linear constant current controller is capable of generating a pulsating output current that has rise and fall times in the tens of nanoseconds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circuit (300) for controlling the current in an electrical control member (110) comprising a bridge provided with four terminals (105, 106, 107, 108) and comprising four control switches (AH, AL, BH, BL), a power source (109), PWM control means for at least two of the four switches. The control circuit exhibits a first state in which said first (AH) and fourth (BL) switches are closed and said second (BH) and third (AL) switches are open, a second state in which said second (BH) and third (AL) switches are closed and said first (AH) and fourth (BL) switches are open and at least one of the following two states: a third state in which said third (AL) and fourth (BL) switches are closed and said first (AH) and second (BH) switches are open and/or a fourth state in which said first (AH) and second (BH) switches are closed and said third (AL) and fourth (BL) switches are open.

Abstract: Various apparatuses, methods and systems for a front end protection circuit with a dynamic charge pump system are disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide an apparatus such as a voltage regulator, a current regulator, a driver circuit or a switch protection circuit. The apparatus includes an output switch, a switch controller and a voltage threshold detector. The apparatus operates in a reduced power mode when the threshold detector detects a feedback level passing a threshold. In some particular embodiments, the switch controller includes a charge pump and an oscillator that run at lower speeds to reduce power usage when the feedback level passes the threshold. In various embodiments, the feedback level is a voltage level at the output switch control input, the output voltage from the output switch, or the output current from the output switch.

Abstract: A power supply for generating temporally specifiable, open- and closed-loop controlled current paths includes a first controllable rectifier group that includes at least one rectifier having a smoothing inductor at an output. An active filter is connected in parallel to a load, the active filter including a second rectifier group with at least one rectifier and a pulse bridge connected to an output thereof. A second-order low pass filter has a clock inductor, a capacitor, and an RC damping, the clock inductor being connected located at an output of the pulse bridge.

Abstract: An electronic circuit. The electronic circuit includes a pass transistor having a channel coupled between an input node and an output node. An error circuit is coupled thereto and configured to control the amount of current flowing through the pass transistor. The electronic circuit may further include a feedback node. A current limiting circuit is coupled to both the feedback node and the error circuit. The current limiting circuit is configured to limit an amount of current provided to the pass transistor by the error circuit based on a on a feedback voltage present on the feedback node and a current through a current mirror circuit, and therefore limits the output current provided by the electronic circuit.

Abstract: A DC stabilization circuit for an organic electroluminescent display device and a power supply using the same are provided. The DC stabilization circuit includes a self-bias part connected between a first power supply voltage and a reference power supply. The self-bias part generates a bias voltage depending on the first power supply voltage. The circuit also includes a differential part connected to the self-bias part that amplifies a variation in the bias voltage. A negative feedback part is connected to the differential part, adjusts a level of a second power supply voltage using a variable resistor, and compensates for the amplified variation of the bias voltage through a negative feedback operation.

Abstract: A combined semiconductor rectifying device includes PN-junction silicon diode and Schottky barrier diode exhibiting a breakdown voltage higher than the breakdown voltage of PN-junction silicon diode, and Schottky barrier diode is made of a semiconductor, the band gap thereof is wider than the band gap of silicon. The combined semiconductor rectifying device exhibits a shortened reverse recovery time, low reverse leakage current characteristics and a high breakdown voltage, and is used advantageously in an electric power converter.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided which comprises circuitry for DC-DC conversion configured to switch an inductor current through an inductor using slope compensation, wherein the circuitry comprises a slope compensation stage configured to generate a slope compensation signal as a function of an switching frequency of the DC-DC conversion and an input voltage of the DC-DC converter.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided that is adapted to generate a supply voltage at an input node from a radio frequency (RF) signal. The electronic device includes a limiter coupled to the input node for limiting a supply voltage level at the input node that is generated by the received RF signal. The limiter is configured to draw a limiter current from the input node so as to limit the supply voltage level to a maximum and a magnitude of the limiter current is used for controlling a power consumption of the electronic device.

Abstract: Reliability enhanced systems are shown where an short-lived electrolytic capacitor can be replaced by a much smaller, perhaps film type, longer-lived capacitor to be implemented in circuits for power factor correction, solar power conversion, or otherwise to achieve DC voltage smoothing with circuitry that has solar photovoltaic source (1) a DC photovoltaic input (2) internal to a device (3) and uses an enhanced DC-DC power converter (4) to provide a smoothed DC output (6) with capacitor substitution circuitry (14) that may include interim signal circuitry (28) that creates a large voltage variation for a replaced capacitor (16). Switchmode designs may include first and second switch elements (17) and (18) and an alternative path controller (21) that operates a boost controller (22) and a buck controller (23) perhaps with a switch duty cycle controller (32).

Abstract: A reference voltage generator includes a first field effect transistor with n-type heavily doped gate structure and a second field effect transistor with p-type heavily doped gate structure. The first transistor is configured to have a gate and a substrate gate connected to ground, one terminal connected to a voltage supply, and another terminal connected to an output node. The second transistor is configured to have a gate and one terminal connected to the output node, and a substrate gate and another terminal connected to ground. The output node outputs a given reference voltage when voltage is supplied from the voltage supply. A voltage regulator that generates a constant voltage based on a given reference voltage incorporates the reference voltage generator.

Abstract: A device for providing a substantially constant current includes first and second current mirrors. The first current mirror receives a first amount of a first bias current and provides an output current based on the first amount of the first bias current, the first bias current being based on a fixed voltage. The second current mirror receives a second bias current and a second amount of the first bias current, the second bias current being based on a variable voltage. The second bias current and the second amount of the first bias current vary directly with variations in the variable voltage, and the first amount of the first bias current varies inversely with variations in the variable voltage. The output current remains substantially constant based on the variations in first amount of the first bias current, which counteract effects on the output current by variations in the second voltage.

Abstract: Provided is a load fluctuation compensation circuit, including a first delay circuitry section that delays a clock signal supplied thereto by a delay amount that fluctuates by a prescribed first fluctuation amount in relation to a unit fluctuation amount of a power supply voltage supplied to a performance circuit; a second delay circuitry section that is disposed in parallel with the first delay circuitry section and that delays the clock signal supplied thereto by a delay amount that fluctuates by a second fluctuation amount, which is greater than the first fluctuation amount, in relation to the unit fluctuation amount of the power supply voltage supplied to the performance circuit; a load circuit that is connected to a common power supply wiring in parallel with the performance circuit; and a phase detecting section that detects a phase difference between the clock signal output by the first delay circuitry section and the clock signal output by the second delay circuitry section and that controls an amount

Abstract: A three-leg power converter apparatus including first, second and third input/output ports, a three-leg bridge converter, a filter circuit, a decoupling circuit and a controller is presented. The three-leg bridge converter has three single-leg circuits, two DC terminals connecting to two terminals of the first input/output port, and three mid-terminals with each of them being formed by a middle point of one of the three single-leg circuits. The controller connects to the three-leg bridge converter for controlling an input or output current passing through each DC terminal and mid-terminal. The filter circuit connects between two of the mid-terminals and the second input/output port. The decoupling circuit has two terminals connecting to the second input/output port and another terminal connecting to a terminal of the third input/output port, with the third input/output port having another terminal connecting to the other mid-terminal that dose not connect with the filter circuit.

Abstract: A current source comprises a current driver comprising a current generator and a first resistor serially coupled at a first node, a level shift unit located between the first node and a second node to generate a rated voltage difference between the second and the first nodes, and a voltage regulator device having an input terminal coupled to the second node and an output terminal coupled to a control terminal of the current generator. The voltage regulator device maintains the voltage level of the second node at a first voltage reference by modifying the voltage level of the control terminal. Along with the variation of the voltage level of the control terminal, a supply current generated by the current source for a load is varied to modify the voltage level of the second node to the first voltage level. The control loop stabilizes the supply current value.

Abstract: Provided is a voltage regulator for limiting a rush current from an output stage transistor. The voltage regulator includes an output current limiting circuit having a low detection current value and an output current limiting circuit having a high detection current value, and is structured so as to enable operation of the output current limiting circuit having a low detection current value during a time period from a state in which an overheat protection circuit detects overheat and an output current is stopped to a state in which an overheat protection is canceled and a predetermined time passes. Accordingly, after the overheat protection is cancelled, an excessive rush current can be limited.

Abstract: A reference current circuit has an input configured to receive an input current, a first transistor, a second transistor, and an output configured to provide a reference current. The input is directly connected to a control input of the second transistor and a first terminal of the first transistor, and is connected via a first resistor to a control input of the first transistor. The output is connected to a first terminal of the second transistor. A reference node is connected via a second resistor to the control input of the first transistor, directly to a second terminal of the first transistor and via a third resistor to a second terminal of the second transistor.

Abstract: Techniques pertaining to designs of a compensation voltage controlled current source (VCCS) used in low dropout voltage regulators are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a compensation voltage controlled current source (VCCS) is so designed to meet the low input/output voltage requirements. Various features of the VCCS are demonstrated through several embodiments.

Abstract: A soft-start circuit to generate and output a soft-start voltage having a specified gradient. The soft-start circuit includes a slope voltage generator circuit to generate and output multiple slope voltages having different specified gradients, including a steepest slope voltage whose gradient is steepest among the gradients of the multiple slope voltages and a mildest slope voltage whose gradient is mildest thereamong, at least one voltage conversion circuit to receive the slope voltages and output a voltage whose gradient is milder than the gradient of the steepest slope voltage, and a selection circuit to receive at least one specified reference voltage and the voltage generated by the voltage conversion circuit, compare the voltage by the voltage conversion circuit with the specified reference voltage, and output either the voltage or the specified reference voltage as the soft-start voltage in accordance with a comparison result generated by the selection circuit.

Abstract: A first auxiliary switch circuit is connected to one terminal and a first terminal of a main switch circuit and generates a first auxiliary detection current. A second auxiliary switch circuit is connected to the other terminal and a second terminal of the main switch circuit and generates a second auxiliary detection current. A current adjustment detection circuit adjusts the first auxiliary detection current so that the potentials of the other terminal and the first terminal are equal and passes the first auxiliary detection current in a direction of receiving the current from the first auxiliary switch circuit and adjusts the second auxiliary detection current so that the potentials of the one terminal and the second terminal are equal and passes the second auxiliary detection current in a direction of outputting the current to the second auxiliary switch circuit, thereby generating a detection current being proportional to the output current.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for generating reference currents. In one implementation, a circuit is provided that includes a first source and a current control circuit in communication with the first source. The first source generates a first reference current that is a ratio of a first reference voltage and an external resistance. The current control circuit produces a second reference current that is a ratio of a second reference voltage and the external resistance. The current control circuit produces the second reference current without being directly coupled to the external resistance.

Abstract: One aspect is a circuit arrangement having a load current path with a load transistor having a first and a second load path terminal and a control terminal. A first measurement current path includes a measuring transistor having a first and a second load path terminal and a control terminal. The control terminals and first load path terminals of the load transistor and the measuring transistor are coupled. A first regulating circuit has a controllable resistor and is designed to drive the resistor depending on electrical potentials at the second load path terminals of the load transistor and of the measuring transistor. A current mirror circuit is coupled between the first measurement current path and a second measurement current path. A deactivation circuit is designed to deactivate the first regulating circuit depending on a current flowing through the measuring transistor.

Abstract: A current load driving device includes a power supply terminal connected to a power supply line, an earth terminal connected to an earth line, one or more output terminals, a constant voltage source, a control unit, a current output unit, and a command unit. The constant voltage source supplies constant voltage to the control unit. The control unit outputs a control current to the current output unit so that a voltage between the power supply line and the earth line becomes a target voltage and stops the output of the control current if the voltage between the power supply line and the earth line does not reach the target voltage. The command unit provides a signal for switching ON and OFF the control current output to the current output unit. The current output unit increases or decreases a current to output to the output terminal.

Abstract: A reference buffer circuit is disclosed, providing a reference voltage at an output node and comprising a closed-loop branch comprising an amplifier and first and second MOS transistors and an open-loop branch comprising third and fourth MOS transistors and a tracking circuit. The first MOS transistor has a gate coupled to an output terminal of the amplifier and a source coupled to a negative input terminal of the amplifier. The second MOS transistor is coupled to the source of the first MOS transistor. The third MOS transistor has a gate coupled to the output terminal and a source coupled to the output node. The fourth MOS transistor has a drain coupled to the source of the third MOS transistor. A gate voltage of the fourth MOS transistor tracks a drain voltage of the third MOS transistor through the tracking circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device monitors a voltage between a reference potential and an input potential and obtains a constant output potential regardless of a value of the voltage, after the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage in such a manner that the semiconductor device divides a voltage between the reference potential and the input potential using a plurality of first non-linear elements and at least one linear element to constantly generate a first bias voltage regardless of a value of the voltage, divides a voltage between the reference potential and the input potential using a plurality of second non-linear elements with reference to the first bias voltage to constantly generate a second bias voltage regardless of a value of the voltage, and determines the output potential with reference to the second bias voltage.

Abstract: A voltage control circuit is provided. The voltage control circuit comprises a control voltage source, a current generating unit, and an output voltage generating unit. The control voltage source inputs a single end control voltage. The current generating unit coupled to the control voltage source and a ground generates a first current according to the single end control voltage. The output voltage generating unit coupled to the current generating unit, receives a reference voltage, and generates a first output voltage and a second output voltage according to the first current and the reference voltage. A value of the first output voltage is greater than a value of the second output voltage.

Abstract: A constant-current circuit includes a first transistor for supplying a current based on a control signal input to a gate of the first transistor so as to serve as a current source, a second transistor for supplying a current to a load based on the control signal input to a gate of the second transistor, a voltage regulation unit for controlling a drain voltage of the first transistor according to a drain voltage of the second transistor, a current detector for detecting a value of a current flowing through the first transistor and output a current according to the detected value, and a controller for controlling each gate voltage of the first and second transistors according to the value detected by the current detector so that the current flowing through the first transistor becomes a predetermined value. The first and second transistors are MOS transistors having the same conductivity.

Abstract: A reference voltage generation circuit of the present invention includes: a band gap reference-type current generation circuit for controlling each of currents flowing through a first current path and a second current path, which are extending from a first node to a second node, to be a predetermined reference current, by utilizing a voltage difference occurring between a pair of transistors or diodes; and a resistive load circuit provided between the second node and a third node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transconductance circuit intended to convert a differential input voltage, supplied as two signals to two inputs, IN+ and IN? respectively, into a differential output current. According to the invention, each of the two signals of said differential input voltage is supplied to each input, IN+ and IN? respectively, through a follower transistor, TF+ and TF? respectively, connected to said input, IN+ and IN? respectively, by its emitter and receiving said signal on a control electrode.

Abstract: A control apparatus of a DC-DC converter includes a reactor and a switching element, repeats an accumulation and a discharge of energy of the reactor by a switching operation of the switching element, and converts a direct-current input voltage to acquire a direct-current output voltage. The control apparatus includes: a current value acquiring unit that acquires current values of the reactor in a current rising section and a current descending section of a current waveform of the reactor at a time interval of a half of a switching period of the switching element; and a center value estimating unit that estimates a center value of a current of the reactor based on the current values acquired in the current rising section and the current descending section.

Abstract: A resistor unit is adapted for use in a constant current source circuit or a temperature compensating circuit for providing temperature compensation to a constant voltage reference circuit. The resistor unit includes at least one first resistor, and at least one second resistor coupled to the first resistor. One of the first and second resistors is a positive temperature coefficient resistor. The other one of the first and second resistors is a negative temperature coefficient resistor. Because a temperature characteristic of the first resistor is opposite to that of the second resistor, an effective resistance of the resistor unit changes in a relatively narrower range with temperature.

Abstract: Series switches for power delivery. A regulator operated as a current source is arranged in parallel with a switched capacitor divider. A switched capacitor divider is configured in series with a plurality of linear regulators with each regulating one of a plurality of voltage outputs from the switched capacitor divider. In another embodiment, a series switch bridge has a first pair of switches connected in series with a second pair of switches across a voltage input, each switch within a pair of switches is switched in-phase with the other while the first pair of switches is switched out of phase with the second pair of switches. A balancing capacitor is coupled across one switch in both the first and second pair to be in parallel when either of the pair of switches is closed to reduce a charge imbalance between the switches.

Abstract: A reference buffer circuit provides a reference voltage at an output node and comprises a closed-loop branch comprising an amplifier and first and second MOS transistors and an open-loop branch comprising a third MOS transistor. A positive input terminal of the amplifier receives an input voltage. A gate of the first MOS transistor is coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier, and a source is coupled to a negative input terminal of the amplifier. A gate of the second MOS transistor is coupled to the drain of the first MOS transistor, a source is coupled to a first voltage source, and a drain is coupled to the source of the first MOS transistor. A gate of the third MOS transistor is coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier, and a source is coupled to the output node.