Abstract: The disclosed invention is intended to adjust the driving power of an oscillation circuit to be optimal with a simple circuit configuration. A chip includes an oscillation circuit, an amplifier, an effective value measuring circuit, and a control unit. The oscillation circuit includes an inverting amplifier and a resistor coupled in parallel to the inverting amplifier. The oscillation circuit in which the inverting amplifier is coupled to a crystal oscillator outside the chip generates an oscillation circuit by driving the crystal oscillator. The effective value measuring circuit measures an effective value of an oscillation signal produced by the oscillation circuit. The control unit controls the gain of the inverting amplifier so that the effective value will be equal to a target voltage.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a support member including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a support portion extending from the first terminal and coupling the first terminal with the second terminal; an electronic component; and a bonding member connecting the first terminal with the electronic component. In a plan view along a direction in which the first terminal and the electronic component overlap each other, a portion of the first terminal is adjacent to the support portion with a notch portion therebetween and protrudes toward the extending direction side of the support portion. The support portion is bent at a portion adjacent to the protruding portion of the first terminal along the overlapping direction.

Abstract: A crystal oscillator circuit includes: a crystal resonator circuit, generating an oscillation signal; an inverting amplification circuit, whose amplifier input end is coupled to receive the oscillation signal, in which an inverting amplifier outputs an inverting amplified output signal; a bias circuit, having a bias circuit input end and a bias circuit output end, in which the bias circuit output end generates a bias circuit output signal controlled by the bias circuit input end, and the bias circuit output signal is coupled to a second control end of the inverting amplification circuit; and a peak detection circuit, comparing the inverting amplified output signal with a reference signal, regulating a peak detector output signal, and feeding the peak detector output signal into the bias circuit input end.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes an insulating substrate, a piezoelectric vibration device that is mounted on a device mounting pad, a metal lid member that seals the piezoelectric vibration device in an airtight manner, an external pad that is arranged outside the insulating substrate, an oscillation circuit, a temperature compensation circuit, and a temperature sensor. The lid member and the temperature sensor or the lid member and the IC component are connected to each other so as to be heat-transferable, and a heat transfer member having thermal conductivity higher than that of the material of the insulating substrate is additionally included.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator plate includes at least a pair of excitation electrodes and at least a pair of extraction electrodes. The pair of extraction electrodes are respectively extracted from the pair of excitation electrodes to electrically and mechanically bond the pair of excitation electrodes to an external electrode. The pair of extraction electrodes each include a distal end portion. The distal end portion includes a connecting electrode extracted to a vicinity of one end portion on one principal surface of the piezoelectric resonator plate. The connecting electrodes each include a top surface where a first metal film to be bonded to the external electrode is formed. The first metal film includes a top surface with two or more protruding portions. The first metal film has a larger surface roughness and a smaller area compared with the respective connecting electrodes. The protruding portions are formed with cross-sections in curvature shapes.

Abstract: A power supply management controller integrated circuit for managing power supply to system units of a system, comprising power supply means for powering the system units, a power supply control unit for controlling the powering, a wake-up timer unit, and means for acknowledging an active or passive state of the system, wherein the power supply control unit is arranged for cooperating with the means for acknowledging the state of the system for enabling the power supply control unit to cease powering of the system units for de-activation of the system during the passive state of the system, and for enabling the power supply control unit to maintain powering during an active state of the system, and wherein the power supply control unit is arranged for cooperating with the wake-up timer unit for periodically powering the system units during the passive state of the system for enabling activation of the system.

Abstract: A circuit device includes a current supply circuit adapted to supply an oscillation current, an oscillation circuit having an oscillation transistor for a resonator, and adapted to drive the resonator using the oscillation transistor based on an oscillation current from the current supply circuit, and a control section adapted to control the current supply circuit. If the oscillation circuit is set to an overdrive mode, the oscillation circuit drives the resonator with a higher drive power than the drive power in a normal mode.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit is connected to a resonator element (crystal resonator) and oscillates a resonator element to output an oscillation signal. The oscillation circuit includes an amplification element (inverter), and a set of variable capacitive elements having at least two variable capacitive elements, which are connected to an oscillation loop from an output to an input of the amplification element and the capacitance values thereof are controlled with potential differences between reference voltages and a variable control voltage. In each variable capacitive element of a set of variable capacitive elements, the common control voltage is applied to one terminal, and the reference voltage which differs between the variable capacitive elements is input to the other terminal.

Abstract: A method may include measuring a frequency difference between an actual frequency and an expected frequency associated with a frequency control calibration signal value for each of a plurality of frequency control calibration signal values during a calibration phase. The method may additionally include generating integral non-linearity compensation values based on the frequency differences measured. The method may further include generating the applied frequency control signal based on a frequency control calibration signal value received by the digital-to-analog converter during the calibration phase. The method may also include generating a compensated frequency control signal value based on a frequency control signal value received by the integral non-linearity compensation module and an integral non-linearity compensation value associated with the frequency control signal value during an operation phase of the wireless communication element.

Abstract: One feature pertains to a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that comprises a variable capacitor and noise reduction circuitry. The variable capacitor has a variable capacitance value that controls an output frequency of the DCO. The variable capacitance value is based on a first bank capacitance value provided by a first capacitor bank, a second bank capacitance value provided by a second capacitor bank, and an auxiliary bank capacitance value provided by an auxiliary capacitor bank. The noise reduction circuitry is adapted to adjust the variable capacitance value by adjusting the auxiliary bank capacitance value while maintaining at least one of the first bank capacitance value and/or the second bank capacitance value substantially unchanged. Prior to adjusting the variable capacitance value, the noise reduction circuitry may determine that a received input DCO control word transitions across a capacitor bank sensitive boundary.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device including a first terminal and a second terminal respectively coupled to both ends of a crystal resonator, an inverter circuit having an input coupled to the first terminal and an output coupled to the second terminal, a feedback resistor which couples between the first terminal and the second terminal, a variable capacitor coupled to at least one of the first and second terminals, and a control circuit. The control circuit performs control to increase both of the drive capability of the inverter circuit and the capacitance value of the variable capacitor in a second mode rather than a first mode.

Abstract: An oscillator and method for generating a signal are provided. The oscillator comprises an electro-mechanical resonator and a reconfigurable oscillator driver. The reconfigurable oscillator driver starts the oscillator in single-ended mode to avoid latching and transitions the oscillator to differential mode in such a manner as to sustain oscillations therein. The reconfigurable oscillator driver comprises two back-to-back banks of inverters and an adjustable feedback resistor. In single-ended mode, one bank is disabled and the other bank is enabled. To transition to differential mode and improve the quality of the signal, the number of enabled inverters is equalized in both banks.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes an insulating substrate, a piezoelectric vibration device that is mounted on a device mounting pad, a metal lid member that seals the piezoelectric vibration device in an airtight manner, an external pad that is arranged outside the insulating substrate, an oscillation circuit, a temperature compensation circuit, and a temperature sensor. The lid member and the temperature sensor or the lid member and the IC component are connected to each other so as to be heat-transferable, and a heat transfer member having thermal conductivity higher than that of the material of the insulating substrate is additionally included.

Abstract: An amplitude limiting circuit for a crystal oscillator circuit includes a current source configured to supply drive current to the crystal oscillator circuit and a current sensing circuit configured to sense operating current in an inverting transistor of the crystal oscillator circuit. The current comparison circuit functions to compare the sensed operating current to at least a reference current and generate an output signal. A current control circuit generates a control signal for controlling operation of the current source in response to the output signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a package substrate; an integrated circuit chip formed on one surface of the package substrate; and a sealed quartz oscillator formed on at least one of an inside, one surface, and the other surface of the package substrate, wherein the sealed quartz oscillator includes a substrate, a quartz blank formed on one surface of the substrate, and a sealing cap covering at least one surface of the quartz blank and including metal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric oscillator includes a piezoelectric vibrating piece, an integrated circuit, and a package. The package includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer. The ceiling surface as a portion of the inferior surface of the third layer has a rectangular shape surrounded by short sides and long sides. The ceiling surface includes a pair of frequency checking terminals electrically connected to the connecting electrodes and control terminals to control the integrated circuit. The pair of the frequency checking terminal are adjacent to one another. The respective frequency checking terminals are disposed in contact with any of the long sides and one of the short sides. The control terminals are extracted to the top surface of the third layer, and overlap the frequency checking terminals in a vertical direction on the top surface of the third layer to be connected to the mounting terminals.

Abstract: Arrays of resonator sensors include an active wafer array comprising a plurality of active wafers, a first end cap array coupled to a first side of the active wafer array, and a second end cap array coupled to a second side of the active wafer array. Thickness shear mode resonator sensors may include an active wafer coupled to a first end cap and a second end cap. Methods of forming a plurality of resonator sensors include forming a plurality of active wafer locations and separating the active wafer locations to form a plurality of discrete resonator sensors. Thickness shear mode resonator sensors may be produced by such methods.

Abstract: A crystal controlled oscillator includes a crystal package and an IC chip board that includes an IC chip integrating an oscillator circuit. The crystal package includes a first container, a crystal resonator, a lid body, and an external terminal at an outer bottom surface of the first bottom wall layer of the first container. The IC chip integrates an oscillator circuit disposed at an outer bottom surface of the first bottom wall layer of the crystal package. The oscillator circuit connects to the lower side excitation electrode of the crystal resonator from the external terminal to an input side with high impedance. The oscillator circuit connects to the upper side excitation electrode to an output side with low impedance. The upper side excitation electrode is a shielding electrode of the crystal resonator.

Abstract: An electronic oscillator circuit has a first oscillator, for supplying a first oscillation signal, a second oscillator, for supplying a second oscillation signal, a first controller for delivering the first control signal as a function of a phase difference between a first controller input and a second controller input of the first controller; a second controller for delivering the second control signal as a function of a phase difference between a first controller input of the second controller and a second controller input of the second controller; a resonator; at least a second resonance frequency, with a first phase shift dependent on the difference between the frequency of a second exciting signal and the second resonance frequency and processing means, for receiving the first oscillator signal and the second oscillator signal, determining their mutual proportion, looking up a frequency compensation factor in a prestored table and outputting a compensated oscillation signal.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a quartz substrate and a periodic structure portion. The quartz substrate is constituted such that a surface acoustic wave is to propagate on a surface with an Euler angle of (0°, 16°<??18.5°, 0°). The periodic structure portion is disposed on the quartz substrate and includes a plurality of electrodes extending in a direction intersecting with a direction of the propagation of the surface acoustic wave. The electrodes are disposed in parallel to one another along the propagation direction. The periodic structure portion is constituted to mainly contain aluminum. When a width dimension of the electrode in the propagation direction and a separation dimension between the electrodes adjacent to one another are respectively defined as L and S, a metallization ratio ? (?=L÷(L+S)) is set to 0.4 or less.

Abstract: A vibration element includes a piezoelectric substrate including a vibrating section and a thick section having a thickness larger than that of the vibrating section. The thick section includes a first thick section provided along a first outer edge of the vibrating section, a second thick section provided along a second outer edge, and a third thick section provided along another first outer edge. An inclined outer edge section that intersects with each of an X axis and a Z? axis is provided in a tip section of the piezoelectric substrate.

Abstract: This invention discloses a crystal oscillator, in which by appropriately designing the gain of an amplifier to achieve high trans-conductance and low power consumption. This crystal oscillator includes a first pad, coupled to a first node of a crystal, for receiving a crystal oscillating signal outputted from the crystal; an amplifier, coupled to the first pad, for amplifying the crystal oscillating signal to generate an amplifying signal; an inverter, coupled to the amplifier, for inverting the amplifying signal; and a second pad, coupled to a second node of the crystal, for outputting an oscillating signal to the crystal.

Abstract: A resonator includes: a package; a support section that is provided on a surface of the package; and a vibration element in which an attachment section, which is disposed between an outer edge of a vibration substrate, in which excitation electrodes are provided on main surfaces thereof, and an outer edge of the excitation electrode, is attached to the support section through a conductive adhesive. The attachment section is disposed in a region S obtained by rotating a virtual line which connects the center of the vibration element and one end of the vibration element, in a range of ?35° to +35° of a rotation angle ? about the center, and an attachment area becomes 0.7 mm2 or more.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a temperature compensation method and a crystal oscillator, where the crystal oscillator includes a crystal oscillation circuit unit, a temperature sensor unit, an oscillation controlling unit, a relative temperature calculating unit, and a temperature compensating unit. The temperature sensor unit measures a measured temperature of the crystal oscillation circuit unit; the relative temperature calculating unit obtains a temperature difference between the measured temperature and a reference temperature; the temperature compensating unit obtains a temperature compensation value corresponding to the temperature difference from a temperature-frequency curve; and the oscillation controlling unit generates a frequency control signal, according to a frequency tracked by a communications AFC device and the temperature compensation value, thereby controlling a frequency of the crystal oscillation circuit unit to work on the tracked frequency.

Abstract: A quartz crystal resonator includes a quartz crystal resonator element, a thermistor, a second layer including a first principal surface and a second principal surface, and a third layer having a through hole. internal terminals are provided on the first principal surface side, and electrode pads are provided in a portion exposed from the through hole on the second principal surface side. The quartz crystal resonator element is attached to the internal terminals, and the thermistor is attached to the electrode pads. Two mounting terminals are provided on a first diagonal line on the third principal surface side of the third layer, and two mounting terminals are provided on a second diagonal line. At least one of the two electrode pads is connected to any one of the two mounting terminals on the second diagonal line through a first conductive film provided on an inner wall of the through hole.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit may selectively switch between a normal mode and a low-power mode in response to a mode signal. During the normal mode, the oscillator circuit may employ a first amplifier configuration and a first capacitive loading to generate a high-accuracy clock signal having a relatively low frequency error. During the low power mode, the oscillator circuit may employ a second amplifier configuration and a second capacitive loading to generate a low-power clock signal using minimal power consumption. A compensation circuit may be used to offset a relatively high frequency error during the low-power mode.

Abstract: An oscillation device is provided. The oscillation device includes: a main circuit portion, a heating unit, first and second crystal units, first and second oscillator circuits, a frequency difference detector, a first addition unit, an integration circuit unit, a circuit unit configured to control an electric power to be supplied to the heating unit, a compensation value obtaining unit, and a second addition unit. The compensation value obtaining unit is configured to obtain a frequency compensation value for compensating an output frequency of the main circuit portion based on an integrated value output from the integration circuit unit, and based on a change in the clock signal due to a difference between the temperature of the atmosphere and the temperature setting value of the heating unit. The second addition unit is configured to add the frequency compensation value to a frequency setting value.

Abstract: An oscillator outputs a control signal to suppress an influence caused by temperature characteristic of f1 based on a differential signal corresponding to difference between an oscillation output f1 of a first oscillator circuit and an oscillation output f2 of a second oscillator circuit treated as a temperature detection value. A switching unit switches between a first state and a second state. The first state is a state where a first connecting end and a second connecting end are connected to a storage unit for access from an external computer to the storage unit. The second state is a state where the first connecting end and the second connecting end are connected to a first signal path and a second signal path such that the respective f1 and f2 are retrieved from the first connecting end and the second connecting end to an external frequency measuring unit.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a substrate including a first principal surface and a second principal surface respectively forming an obverse surface and a reverse surface of the substrate, and vibrating in a thickness-shear vibration mode, a first excitation electrode disposed on the first principal surface, and a second excitation electrode disposed on the second principal surface, and being larger than the first excitation electrode in a plan view, the first excitation electrode is disposed so as to fit into an outer edge of the second excitation electrode in the plan view, and the energy trap confficient M fulfills 15.5?M?36.7.

Abstract: An oscillating device includes a temperature compensated oscillator that compensates a frequency temperature characteristic in a temperature compensation range including apart of a first temperature range, and a temperature control circuit that includes a heater and controls a temperature of a quartz crystal resonator of the temperature compensated oscillator into a second temperature range included in the temperature compensation range. Further, the temperature compensation range of the temperature compensated oscillator may include a part of the first temperature range in which compensation can be performed by first-order approximation.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a substrate vibrating in a thickness-shear vibration mode, a first excitation electrode disposed on one principal surface of the substrate, and has a shape obtained by cutting out four corners of a quadrangle, and a second excitation electrode disposed on the other principal surface of the substrate, and a ratio (S2/S1) between the area S1 of the quadrangle and the area S2 of the first excitation electrode fulfills 87.7%?(S2/S1)<95.0%.

Abstract: A method in a circuit comprises providing a first clock by a resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator; demodulating a plurality of input signals to form a plurality of demodulated input signals; discriminating frequency ranges of the plurality of demodulated input signals according to the first clock; determining whether a first predetermined number of consecutive demodulated input signals among the plurality of demodulated input signals fall into a first predetermined frequency range; triggering a crystal oscillator to provide a second clock to calibrate the first clock if the first predetermined number of consecutive input signals fall into the first predetermined frequency range.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a first oscillator has an oscillation frequency that is changed depending on a temperature. A second oscillator has different temperature characteristics from the first oscillator. An on-chip heater heats the first oscillator and the second oscillator. A counter counts a first oscillation signal of the first oscillator. An ADPLL generates a third oscillation signal on the basis of a second oscillation signal of the second oscillator and corrects the frequency of the third oscillation signal on the basis of a count value of the counter.

Abstract: A constant-temperature piezoelectric oscillator includes: a piezoelectric vibrator; an oscillation circuit; a frequency voltage control circuit; a temperature control section; and an arithmetic circuit, wherein the temperature control section includes a temperature-sensitive element, a heating element, and a temperature control circuit, the frequency voltage control circuit includes a voltage-controlled capacitance circuit capable of varying the capacitance value in accordance with the voltage, and a compensation voltage generation circuit, and the arithmetic circuit makes the compensation voltage generation circuit generate a voltage for compensating a frequency deviation due to a temperature difference between zero temperature coefficient temperature Tp of the piezoelectric vibrator and setting temperature Tov of the temperature control section based on a frequency-temperature characteristic compensation amount approximate formula adapted to compensate the frequency deviation, and then applies the voltage t

Abstract: An oscillating frequency drift detecting method, which comprises: receiving an oscillating signal with an oscillating frequency, wherein the oscillating signal is generated by a crystal oscillator; generating a self-mixing signal according to the oscillating signal; obtaining a self-mixing frequency of a maximum power of the self-mixing signal in a specific frequency range; and computing a frequency drift of the oscillating frequency, according to the self-mixing frequency of the maximum power, and the oscillating frequency.

Abstract: A circuit device includes an oscillation circuit that includes a variable capacitance circuit and performs an operation of oscillating an oscillation element; and a control unit. The variable capacitance circuit includes a plurality of variable capacitance elements. When an operation mode is a first operation mode, the control unit supplies applied voltages in which at least one thereof is a variable voltage to the plurality of variable capacitance elements, and when the operation mode is a second operation mode, the control unit supplies applied voltages which are all fixed voltages to the plurality of variable capacitance elements.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a substrate that vibrates in a thickness shear vibration, a first excitation electrode that is provided on one main surface of the substrate and has a shape in which at least three corners of a virtual quadrangle are cut out, and a second excitation electrode that is provided on the other main surface of the substrate, and a ratio (S2/S1) of an area S1 of the virtual quadrangle and an area S2 of the first excitation electrode satisfies a relationship of 69.2%?(S2/S1)?80.1%.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems and computer-readable media for addressing the aging of oscillation (XO) crystals are presented. Some embodiments may determine a change of age of the XO crystal since last prior use of the XO crystal. Embodiments may then determine that at least one calibration parameter is not suitable for use in at least one calibration technique of the XO crystal, based on the change of age of the XO crystal. Embodiments may then determine at least one fresh calibration parameter configured to update the at least one calibration parameter for suitable use in the at least one calibration technique of the XO crystal.

Abstract: A method for reducing the phase noise of a oscillator includes monitoring a phase slope of a resonator, and controlling the resonator to operate the resonator at a high phase slope condition, wherein the resonator comprises a piezoelectric material, or piezoelectric quartz.

Abstract: A resonating element includes a resonator element that includes a vibrating portion and an excitation electrode provided on both main surfaces of the vibrating portion, an intermediate substrate in which the resonator element is mounted so as to be spaced from the excitation electrode, and a spiral electrode pattern that is provided on at least one main surface of the intermediate substrate, in which the electrode pattern is electrically connected to the excitation electrode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method of correcting the frequency of a crystal oscillator. The method includes establishing an operating baseline for the crystal oscillator using a frequency reference, storing information in memory, and adjusting the frequency according to the information. The information corresponds to the operating baseline. Adjusting the frequency occurs in response to a power-on event and the absence of the frequency reference.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device configured as part of an oscillator. The MEMS device includes a mass suspended from a substrate of the MEMS, a first electrode configured to provide a first signal based on a displacement of the mass, and a second electrode configured to receive a second signal based on the first signal. The apparatus includes an amplifier coupled to the first electrode and a first node. The amplifier is configured to generate an output signal, the output signal being based on the first signal and a first gain. The apparatus includes an attenuator configured to attenuate the output signal based on a second gain and provide as the second signal an attenuated version of the output signal.

Abstract: A power management apparatus and method for maintaining a substantially constant duty cycle of a reference clock signal in a multi-power oscillator, includes a first output power transistor in electrical parallel with a series arrangement of a second output power transistor and a switch, and a crystal oscillator capacitively coupled to a common gate of the first and second output power transistors, wherein a level of the reference clock signal power output is a normal power level when the switch is open and the level of the reference clock signal power output is a higher power level when the switch is closed to operate the second output power transistor in parallel with the first output power transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed are control systems, and more specifically control systems which benefit from a long-gate time for measurement and a rapid sample time to enhance responsiveness and methods and systems for utilizing multiple-staggered, overlapping gates where the gate time is an integer multiple of the time between ends of adjacent gates. The system continuously counts at the wavefronts or zero-crossings of a frequency reference signal and temporarily records them in registers and compares the contents of registers separated by a gate time and outputs a sample after every sample time.

Abstract: An oscillator system includes a first oscillator, a second oscillator, and a changeover component. The first oscillator is configured to generate a first signal at a selected frequency. The second oscillator is configured to generate a second signal at about the selected frequency. The changeover component is configured to generate a changeover output signal according to the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonating element includes a piezoelectric substrate that includes a rectangular vibrating section and a thick section integrally formed with the vibrating section, excitation electrodes, and lead electrodes. The thick section includes a first thick section and a second thick section of which one end is formed continuous to the first thick section. The first thick section includes a first inclined section of which the thickness changes and a first thick section main body of a quadrangle column shape, and at least one slit is provided in the first thick section.

Abstract: A semiconductor device contrived to prevent a reference voltage and a reference current which are supplied to a high speed OCO from varying with a change in ambient temperature and/or a change in an external power supply voltage and to reduce the circuit area of a power supply module. The high speed OCO outputs a high speed clock whose magnitude is determined by the reference current and the reference voltage. A logic unit adjusts the values of the reference current and reference voltage, according to the reference voltage and reference current trimming codes related to detected ambient temperature and operating voltage.

Abstract: Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide increased negative resistance to an oscillator circuit. A capacitance divider and/or a feedback loop may be employed to increase the negative resistance of the oscillator circuit at the same current consumption and with the same load capacitance. Further, a constant bias circuit may be employed to conserve and/or reduce the current consumption of the oscillator circuit.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit includes a temperature compensating section to which electric power is supplied from a main power supply and a backup power supply, an oscillating section, a function of which is compensated by a signal from the temperature compensating section, and a switch and a power-supply monitoring circuit configured to select, when the temperature compensating section is not operating, at least one of the main power supply and the backup power supply and control connection to the temperature compensating section.

Abstract: A resonating element has a quartz crystal substrate having a vibrating portion and a thin-walled portion that is thinner than the vibrating portion, and a pair of excitation electrodes respectively disposed on opposite surfaces of the vibrating portion. Moreover, in the excitation electrode, each of a pair of sides arranged in a Z?-axis direction is convexly curved toward the center so that the excitation electrode has a constricted portion in which a length in the Z?-axis direction increases gradually from a central portion toward both ends in an X-axis direction.