Abstract: RFID technology may be used to provide digital identities for physical items. An RFID IC attached to or integrated into a physical item contains an identifier for the physical item. Digital identity information associated with the item, such as ownership information, history, properties, and the like, may be located on one or more networks. An entity, after authenticating itself and/or the item, may use the identifier to locate, retrieve, and/or update the item's digital identity information on the network.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and storage media for detecting a security intrusion of a network device are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may include a method involving, in the network device including a processor, monitor a light signal associated with a security enabled port of the network device; and in response to detecting a change in the light signal, initiate a security alert.

Abstract: A circuit for an NFC chip is described herein. According to one exemplary configuration, the circuit comprises an antenna for near field communication, an antenna resonant circuit which has an adjustable resonant frequency, a temperature sensor and a controller circuit coupled to the temperature sensor. The controller circuit is designed to change the resonant frequency of the antenna resonant circuit according to a temperature sensor signal provided by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a terminal positioning method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method can be applied to at least one spatial reference device in a space where a terminal is located. At least two subspaces can be included in the space where the terminal is located that are respectively provided with at least one position sensing device. Further, the spatial reference device is a device that satisfies a preset position condition among the position sensing devices. The method can include performing a first communication interaction with a terminal to be located based on a first communication protocol, determining a first relative positioning result for positioning the terminal based on a result of the first communication interaction, and determining a target subspace where the terminal is located based on the first relative positioning result.

Abstract: A device for monitoring a mounting state of a workpiece in a machine tool. The device comprises an illumination arrangement for illuminating the working space in a normal mode of operation; at least one workpiece sensor, which is configured to detect an actual state of the workpiece in the workpiece mount in the working space, and to provide a monitoring signal which describes the actual state of the workpiece; and a control unit. The illumination arrangement is also operable in at least one signal mode of operation. The control unit is configured to determine, based on the monitoring signal, whether the workpiece is in a first mounting state or a second mounting state, and, based thereon, to selectively operate the illumination arrangement in the signal mode of operation to provide visual information in the working space for visualizing the mounting state of the workpiece.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for interactive shopping by a customer includes providing a downloadable user interface readable on a mobile electronic device that receives shopping list data representing items in a shopping list associated with the customer and receives coupon data representing coupons held by the customer for one or more of the items in an inventory of items for sale at a retail store. The shopping list includes items selected by the customer from the inventory of items. The method may further include receiving a request to checkout from the customer and, in response thereto, consummating a sale of the items in an electronic shopping cart by discounting a price of each item in the electronic shopping cart for which the customer holds coupons by an amount corresponding to the respective coupons.

Abstract: Device-free localization for smart indoor environments within an indoor area covered by wireless networks is detected using active off-the-shelf-devices would be beneficial in a wide range of applications. By exploiting existing wireless communication signals and machine learning techniques in order to automatically detect entrance into the area, and track the location of a moving subject within the sensing area a low cost robust long-term tracking system can be established. A machine learning component is established to minimize the need for user annotation and overcome temporal instabilities via a semi-supervised framework. After establishing a robust base learner mapping wireless signals to different physical locations from a small amount of labeled data; during its lifetime, the learner automatically re-trains when the uncertainty level rises significantly. Additionally, an automatic change-point detection process is employed setting a query for updating the outdated model and the decision boundaries.

Abstract: Status information including remaining battery power is collected from a management target device. Subsequent operations of the device are identified from an operation schedule management collection. Battery consumptions corresponding to subsequent operations of the device are estimated from KPI management collection that includes information representing relationships between battery consumptions and operations with respect to each of a plurality of devices. The battery life of the device is predicted based on the estimated battery consumptions and the remaining battery power represented by the collected status information. A circuit schedule of a maintenance engineer is determined based on the predicted battery life, the schedule including necessity of dispatch of the maintenance engineer to the device.

Abstract: A control and processing system for use with an interrogator and an interrogation system employing the same. In one embodiment, the control and processing system includes a correlation subsystem having a correlator that correlates a reference code with a reply code from a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and provides a correlation signal therefrom. The control and processing system also includes a decision subsystem that verifies a presence of the RFID tag as a function of the correlation signal.

Abstract: A technique for transmitting data from a passive radio device (100) is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, an antenna (102) of the passive radio device (100) is exposed to an incident radio signal (502). A frequency domain representation of the incident radio signal (502) comprised at least one muted gap between active subcarriers within a bandwidth of the incident radio signal (502). The incident radio signal (502) is backscattered from the antenna by modulating an impedance of the antenna according to the data using at least two different modulation frequencies that differ by less than the bandwidth.

Abstract: A bioptic barcode reader configured to be supported by a workstation and having a lower housing comprising a platter having a generally horizontal window and a tower portion extending generally perpendicular to the lower housing and having a generally vertical window. A multi-axis radio-frequency identification antenna assembly is positioned within the tower portion of the bioptic barcode reader and includes first, second, and third antennas. The first antenna is configured to emit a radiation pattern oriented in a first direction, the second antenna is configured to emit a radiation pattern oriented in a second direction, substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and the third antenna is configured to emit a radiation pattern oriented in a third direction, substantially orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: There is provided a communication apparatus, a communication method, and a program that enable short-range wireless communication to be made speedily with various communication parties different in model and service.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a display device that automatically configures a remote controller so that an external device connected to the display device can be controlled. According to the present display device, a power control code can be recognized on the basis of a response of a connected external device, and a control code set corresponding to the power control code can be received through a server. When there are a plurality of control code sets corresponding to the power control code, the corresponding control code sets can be received through the server by performing comparison with a user interface included in the video image received from the external device.

Abstract: A radio transponder and method for data transfer between a radio transponder reading device and the radio transponder, wherein a control unit of the radio transponder controls a change in a load impedance via a control signal having a selected switching pulse frequency and a selected switching pulse quantity to produce a response signal, where the control unit codes multiple-valued at least ternary symbols into the control signal, and where symbol values are assigned to respective switching pulse sequences each having a unique combination of switching pulse frequency, switching pulse number and phase shift such that only combinations for which the quotient of switching pulse number and switching pulse frequency lies within a predefined value range are selected.

Abstract: Examples of receivers and receiver techniques are described herein. An example system may include a carrier source that may provide a wireless carrier signal and a wireless communication device, separate from the carrier source. The wireless communication device may provide a wireless communication signal containing data. A receiver may include an antenna positioned to receive the wireless carrier signal and the wireless communication signal, a two-port mixer coupled to the antenna and configured to mix the wireless carrier signal and the wireless communication signal to provide an intermediate frequency signal, and a demodulator configured to extract, at least in part, the data from the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: System and methods are described herein for automatically associating one or more passenger mobile devices with one or more specific wireless access points depending on each passenger location within the aircraft or other vehicle, and the status of each of the wireless access points including its functionality and load. In preferred embodiments, a tag can be captured or read by the passenger's device, which can then cause the passenger's device to connect with a specific wireless access point. In some embodiments, the passenger's device can also be automatically directed to a landing page, such as using a web browser of the passenger's device.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification interface integrated with a baseboard management controller is provided for secure data extraction from the baseboard management controller. The radio frequency identification interface includes a passive radio frequency identification circuit in direction communication with the baseboard management controller, an antenna to receive a radio-frequency signal when the baseboard management controller is in a standby powered-off status, and a connector to connect the radio frequency identification circuit to the antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a reconfigurable radio front-end are provided. One system includes a device having an antenna, a first front-end communication section configured to communicate using a first communication method and a second front-end communication section configured to communicate using a second communication method, wherein the first and second communication methods are different communication methods. The device further includes a switch having an input configured to receive a control signal via a communication line to select the first front-end communication section or the second front-end communication section and a controller configured to control a state of the switch. The switch is configured to be switched between states when the controller receives the control signal, thereby allowing communication using the first communication method or the second communication method via the antenna.

Abstract: A micro radio frequency identification tag for use on an article, the micro radio frequency identification tag comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, each surface including a width and a longitudinal length, the longitudinal length being greater than the width; a chip anchor having a first chip attachment pad and a second chip attachment pad; a radio frequency identification chip operatively retained on the first surface by the chip anchor; a component anchor having a first component attachment pad and a second component attachment pad; a passive component operatively retained on the first surface by the component anchor; a continuous planar antenna operatively retained on the second surface; a first conductive trace interconnect segment connected to the continuous planar antenna and the first chip attachment pad; a second conductive trace interconnect segment connected to the continuous planar antenna and the second chip attachment pad; a third conductive trace interconnect segmen

Abstract: A communications system including: first and second communications devices, each communications device including an antenna, a location system that determines a location of at least one of the first and second communications devices, a control system that receives a location indication indicative of the location from the location system, determines a relative location of the first and second communications devices and selectively controls a transmitting antenna of at least one of the first and second communications devices in accordance with the relative position to thereby optimise communication between the first and second communications devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for controlling access to a device protected by at least one pre-configured authentication factor, comprising an access control unit comprising a short-range wireless communication device, a module for receiving keys, a module for verifying authentication factors, at least one access path, and at least one controllable switch, configured to open or close the path for accessing the protected device in case of receiving an access authorisation coming from the verification module. The system further comprises an administration unit, adapted to allow to pre-configure each authentication factor and a user unit, configured to transmit at least one key to the module for receiving keys.

Abstract: The invention further relates to a radio tag with a communication stage and a logic stage that interacts therewith The invention relates to a method for locating a radio tag whose position is unknown, wherein in a group of radio tags, in particular designed as electronic price-indicating devices, a locating signal is either a) emitted by one or more radio tags whose position is known and received by the radio tag whose position is unknown or b) emitted by the radio tag whose position is unknown and received by one or more radio tags whose position is known, and, in both cases a) and b), the reception quality for the locating signal is determined and provided, for the radio tag receiving the locating signal, as a basis for narrowing down the position of the radio tag whose position is unknown.

Abstract: An RF signal generator wirelessly transferring power to a wireless device includes, in part, a multitude of generating elements generating a multitude of RF signals transmitted by a multitude of antennas, a wireless signal receiver, and a control unit controlling the phases and/or amplitudes of the RF signals in accordance with a signal received by the receiver. The signal received by the receiver includes, in part, information representative of the amount of RF power the first wireless device receives. The RF signal generator further includes, in part, a detector detecting an RF signal caused by scattering or reflection of the RF signal transmitted by the antennas. The control unit further controls the phase and/or amplitude of the RF signals in accordance with the signal detected by the detector.

Abstract: A positioning system (100) for determining a location of an object is disclosed. The positioning device comprises a plurality of microphones (M1-M6) configured to receive a sound input (122) from a user (120), a localization module (102) configured to determine a user location of the user relative to the plurality of microphones based on differences between the sound input received at different microphones of the plurality of microphones, and a processor (104) configured to receive an identifier of the object, identify the object based on the identifier, determine the location of the object by setting the location of the object equal to the user location, and store the location of the object in a memory.

Abstract: An Asset Management System and a method for managing a fleet of assets is provided. The system is capable of determining use states and high-use periods of a fleet of mobile workstations. Use states are determined by sensors resident on mobile workstations, the sensors operable to detect the occurrence of a specified event. The Asset Management System is able to interpret data sent by the sensors and determine a type of use and use state for each mobile workstation based on the data or lack of data sent by the sensors. The Asset Management System is operable to determine periods of high-use across the fleet of mobile workstations. The Asset Management System is also operable to determine a return-on-investment level of each mobile workstation in the fleet and generate a heat map based on those levels.

Abstract: A resonant circuit dynamic optimization system is described herein that can exhibit improved system charging functionality, can have multi-input charging functionality, and can improve the efficiency and speed of charging electronic devices. The resonant circuit dynamic optimization system can comprise at least one antenna configured to receive or transmit an electromagnetic signal, at least one variable component, and at least one dynamic adjustment circuit. The dynamic adjustment circuit can adjust the variable component to thereby modify the power transfer efficiency of the electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: An RFID in-store point-of-sale system can include a first RFID tag reader with a first reader antenna that extends on a first substrate oriented in a first plane; and a second RFID tag reader with a second reader antenna that extends on a second substrate oriented in a second plane that intersects the first plane to form an offset angle between the first plane and the second plane that is about 45 degrees to about 135 degrees. A processor circuit can be operatively coupled to the first RFID tag reader and to the second RFID tag reader and can be configured to control the first RFID tag reader to transmit a signal from the first reader antenna into a buy-zone and is configured to detect movement of an RFID tag relative to the buy-zone based on a signal from the RFID tag that is detected by the first RFID tag reader or that is detected by the second RFID tag reader.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) inventory system/method allowing identification and categorization of radio frequency identification tags (RFIT) is disclosed. The system/method locates a master RFIT (RFIM) within a selected RFID area/cell (RFAC) using a RFID scanner (RFSC) and uses this RFIM to determine a RFIT candidate list (RFCL) that should be located within the RFAC. This RFCL is then compared against scanned RFIT (RFIS) within the RFAC and the RFIS are then categorized as READ, MISSING, WRONG, DIRTY, READ DURATION EXPIRED, or TARGETED PROXIMITY SEARCH. Once RFIS scanning is complete within the selected RFAC, a list of READ, MISSING, WRONG, and DIRTY RFIT are transmitted to an inventory compute server (ICS) to generate an inventory status report (ISR) detailing the RFIT inventory status of the selected RFAC.

Abstract: The presentation of relevant data to users during a surgical procedure is disclosed. A system may include a plurality of displays present in an operating room. A medical personnel database may store data related to roles of users. A role gesture database may store gestures that may be made to store and retrieve data during the surgical procedure, based on respective roles of the users. A display tracking module may identify locations of the plurality of displays present in the operating room. A user tracking module may identify locations of the users and the occurrence of corresponding gestures of the users present in the operating room, to determine an identity of the user present in proximity to a display of the plurality of displays, and to display data related to the identity of the user based on a gesture during the surgical procedure.

Abstract: A power transmitter (501) for a wireless power transfer system includes a parallel resonance circuit (601) comprising at a transmitter coil (503) for generating the power transfer signal. A power source (605) has a current sink terminal and a power source terminal providing current to the parallel resonance circuit (601) with a limited rate of change of the current drawn. A first switch element (607) is coupled between a first end of the parallel resonance circuit (601) and the current sink terminal. A second switch element (609) is coupled between the other end and the current sink terminal. A driver (611) generates a cyclic drive signal such that each cycle comprises a two time intervals in which one switch element (607, 609) is closed and the other (607, 609) is open; and a third time interval in which both the first switch element (607) and the second switch element (609) are closed, the third time interval being between the other two intervals.

Abstract: An electronic device performs near field communication (NFC) functions. An operating method of the electronic device includes detecting an attachment of a first NFC tag which uses a first radio frequency signal type (RF signal type), checking whether to exclude the first NFC tag from a recognition of the NFC device in response to the attachment of the first NFC tag, and when the first NFC tag is excluded from the recognition of the NFC device, setting based on the checking a radio frequency signal type of the electronic device so as not to respond to a radio frequency signal of the first radio frequency signal type.

Abstract: A commodity container includes a main body with a container space and a radio frequency reader with a communication range that covers an opening of the container space. The radio frequency reader outputs tag information based on a radio frequency signal from a wireless tag and outputs time variation information indicating a time variation of the radio frequency signal. A registration device is attached to the main body and includes a communication interface to receive the tag and time variation information, and a processor configured to determine a time variation in a positional relationship of the wireless tag and the radio frequency reader based on the time variation information and update a commodity registration list based on the determined time variation of the positional relationship.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a measuring device and a corresponding method. According to an exemplary embodiment, the measuring device comprises the following: a measuring circuit connected to one or more sensors; an RF frontend for near field communication (NFC) with an external device; a controller circuit coupled to the RF frontend and the measuring circuit and operative to receive measured values supplied from the measuring circuit, and wherein the controller circuit is further operative to check whether active communication with the external device occurs during a measurement and to store or discard one or more measured values supplied from the measuring circuit depending on this check. It is checked whether an NFC magnetic field is present during the measurement. Further configurations include a system comprising a measuring device and an NFC-enabled device.

Abstract: A method and data processing device for receiving at least one response signal corresponding to a respective tag. The method includes, identifying a directional location of the respective tag relative to the user device. The method includes activating a camera device to focus on one or more focal points in an area in the directional location of the respective tag. The method includes estimating a distance of the respective tag relative to the user device. The method includes capturing an image of an object located within the area in the directional location of the respective tag. The method includes correlating the directional location, distance of the respective tag, and image of the object to generate corresponding position information. The position information provides more precise point location of the object. The method includes outputting the corresponding position information to an electronic display.

Abstract: A docking station and a method for connecting a mobile communication device to an at least partially wire-based communication infrastructure are disclosed. The docking station has a cradle for the storage of the communication device. A detection device detects the presence of the communication device within a selected distance from the docking station and receives authentication information from the communication device. There is also an authentication device for validating the credentials of the communication terminal and for enabling communication with the communications infrastructure on the basis of authentication information. A first interface provides a first wireless communication link with the communication device and a second interface establishes a second wired communication link to the communication infrastructure. A transfer device can switch from the first communication link to the second communication link. A communication system containing the docking station is also disclosed.

Abstract: Materials, methods of making, and methods of using an integrated wireless detector for real time interrogating metallic tubular structures comprising: an RF patch antenna; a passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor; and data analytic methodologies. An embodiment relates to interrogating a metallic structure having a uniform cross section using an antenna which launches electromagnetic radiation. A sensor may be located within the structure is configured to re-emit electromagnetic radiation modified depending on parameters for which the sensor has been functionalized. An antenna may receive radiation as modified by the sensor, or may receive the transmitted or backscattered radiation directly, without use of a sensor. The antenna then communicates wirelessly with an interrogator providing data which may be used to understand the operational status of the structure in real-time.

Abstract: An electronic device is able to be embedded in a mobile device with a plurality of antennas. The antennas are electrically coupled to the electronic device through a connector. The electronic device includes a plurality of built-in antennas, a communication processor, a plurality of antenna switching circuits, and a control processor. The built-in antennas receive a wireless mobile communication signal. The communication processor calculates the reception strength of the wireless signal received by each of the built-in antennas or each of the antennas. Each of the antenna switching circuits is electrically coupled to one of the built-in antennas or one of the antennas according to a control signal. The control processor correspondingly outputs the control signal according to the reception strength of the wireless signal received by the built-in antenna and the antenna.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a wireless identification tag configured to harvest ambient energy and transmit an identification signal intermittently, and system and methods for use thereof. In one implementation, the tag may include an antenna configured to receive ambient energy. The tag may also include an energy storage component configured to aggregate and store the received ambient energy. The tag may also include a transmitter electrically connected to the energy storage component and configured to transmit the identification signal. The tag may also include a circuit connected to the transmitter and configured to implement an identification transmission rule, to cause the transmitter to delay sending the identification signal even when sufficient energy for transmission of the identification signal is aggregated and stored in the energy storage component.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus is described that includes a reception antenna, a converter, a calculator, and a separator. The reception antenna receives a mixed signal including two or more backscatter signals respectively transmitted from two or more tag devices and the converter converts the mixed signal into complex data on a complex plane. The calculator calculates phase angles of carrier waves of the two or more backscatter signals to approximate the phase angles into a complex data sequence of a predetermined length, and generates a projector matrix formed of a combination of the phase angles of carrier waves of the two or more backscatter signals. The separator separates the two or more backscatter signals from the mixed signal based on an inverse matrix of the projector matrix and the complex data sequence.

Abstract: A tracking system that tracks persons and/or objects of interest without the need for triangulation techniques is disclosed. The tracking system utilizes very low power active radio frequency tags with limited effective broadcast range that operate only in the transmit mode with no need to establish two-way communication with any part of the system. The person or object of interest is provided with a radio frequency tag incorporating a unique identifier. Gateways connected to a common network interface are positioned relative to specific areas within the facility to be monitored. A computer connected to the same network as the gateways analyzes data relating to the strength of the of the radio frequency signals received by the radio frequency receivers from the radio frequency tags to determine if, and when, persons and/or objects of interest are present within particular subareas within the facility.

Abstract: In a computing environment comprising a plurality of equipment racks wherein each equipment rack comprises one or more of compute, storage and network assets, the method captures an image of at least one equipment rack in the computing environment. The method identifies a known object in the image to determine physical characteristics of the equipment rack. The method receives, from a peer-to-peer network, positioning beacon signals respectively associated with at least a portion of the compute, storage and network assets in and around the equipment rack. The method determines a closest asset among the portion of the compute, storage and network assets for which positioning beacon signals are received. The method obtains data indicative of physical characteristics associated with the closest asset, obtains a model of the computing environment based on the obtained data, and then obtains a three-dimensional map of the computing environment based on the model.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mobile robot system including a server of creating and storing traveling information about moving space and a mobile robot of travelling on the moving space, wherein the mobile robot comprises a driving portion configured to move the mobile robot, a communication device configured to receive the traveling information from the server and a controller configured to control the driving portion based on the traveling information received from the communication device and wherein the server receives information about the moving space from at least one external robot, and creates the traveling information based on the information about the moving space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inventory scanning using dual polarization radio frequency identification antennae for automatically reading and locating inventory.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing power consumption of energy harvesting nodes in a wireless sensor network. In one embodiment, a system includes a network coordinator. The network coordinator includes a wireless transceiver and a controller. The wireless transceiver is configured to provide access to the wireless sensor network. The controller is configured to determine whether a wireless device that is wirelessly communicating with the network coordinator is powered via energy harvesting. The controller is also configured to schedule, based on a determination that the wireless device is powered via energy harvesting, the wireless device to communicate via the wireless sensor network using a priority timeslot of a superframe of the wireless sensor network. The priority timeslot is a timeslot occurring in an initial portion of the superframe.

Abstract: An attention tag for a retail article that includes a label having an adhesive region bonded to a retail article and a protruding region that protrudes from the retail article when the label is attached thereto. Moreover, an RFID tag is disposed on the label and includes an RFIC element and an antenna pattern including first and second antenna portions that are respectively connected to first and second ends of the RFIC element. Moreover, the first antenna portion is disposed in the protruding region of the label while the second antenna portion of the RFID tag is disposed in the adhesive region of the label at a position facing a portion of the retail article.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a contactlessly readable tag, method for manufacture of contactlessly readable tag, identification device, and method for reading identifying information, capable of effecting an increased capacity in recorded information and improved precision in reading said recorded information. Provided is a contactlessly readable tag, comprising a metal part and an electromagnetic wave absorption body. The manner in which the metal part and the electromagnetic wave absorption body are installed is associated with identifying information. When the tag is irradiated with electromagnetic waves, it is possible to identify the identifying information on the basis of the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the tag, and the shift in either the frequency or the phase of said reflected electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A temperature control system for a motor vehicle includes a thermotactile user interface having a plurality of adjacent thermoelectric units arranged in an array, each thermoelectric unit having a thermoelectric surface whose temperature varies with an amount of current supplied to the thermoelectric unit. A controller controls the amount of current supplied to each thermoelectric unit such that the temperature of each thermoelectric surface in the array progressively increases or decreases along the array. The system also includes a sensor system that detects a user selection of one of the thermoelectric surfaces as corresponding to a desired temperature. In response to the detected user selection, the controller controls a temperature of a temperature controlled medium of the motor vehicle, e.g., controls the vehicle's cabin climate, to match the temperature of the selected thermoelectric surface.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe a location aware, RFID-enabled pallet mover for tracking inventory moving in a warehouse. The pallet mover includes a RFID system for detecting a pallet currently loaded on the pallet mover and a real-time location system (RTLS) tag for identifying a location of the pallet mover in the warehouse. In one embodiment, the RFID system includes an antenna and an RFID reader for detecting RFID tags in order to track inventory such as a pallet or packages. The RFID reader can communicate with the RFID tags in the environment to identify which pallet is currently loaded on the mover. In one embodiment, the RFID system waits until the pallet mover is moving before activating the RFID reader and monitoring a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of an RFID tag to determine whether the corresponding pallet is currently loaded onto the pallet mover.

Abstract: A wireless tag system including a tag signal antenna configured to receive a tag signal transmitted from a wireless transmission tag; and a communication area shaping antenna configured to transmit a reception area shaping signal for narrowing an area in which the tag signal antenna can communicate with the wireless transmission tag.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells; a printed circuit board arranged within a short distance to the battery cells; a passive radio frequency identification tag; and a radio frequency receiver on the printed circuit board. The radio frequency identification tag is attached to at least one of the battery cells and is configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell to which it is attached. The radio frequency identification tag is configured to harvest energy supplied by the radio frequency receiver and to wirelessly send temperature signals corresponding to the temperature of the at least one battery cell within an operating range limited to the short distance. The radio frequency receiver is configured to wirelessly supply energy to the radio frequency identification tag and to receive the temperature signal sent by the radio frequency identification tag.