Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for determining speed, power and/or impact (sporting characteristics) of persons involved in activity. Wireless signals may be generated indicative of the sporting characteristics for receipt and display on a watch worn by the user or on a remote display. Sensors may attach to the person or to a vehicle ridden by the person, to gauge activities such as jogging, hockey, biking, football and aerobics.

Abstract: A system for displaying radar data from two or more areas of interest is provided, such as for simultaneously showing vehicle speeds in the opposite lane in front of the patrol vehicle and in the same lane behind the patrol vehicle. The system includes a first display that shows the speed of vehicles in the first area, such as the opposite lane in front of the patrol vehicle, and a second display that shows the speed of vehicles in the second area, such as the same lane behind the patrol vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for using signals scattered by targets to determine position and velocity for each of the targets and comprises a set of transmitters and receivers of electromagnetic or acoustic signals, said transmitters and receivers dispersed to known points. Each pair of transmitter and receiver, monostatic or bistatic, is named a measuring facility. The ranges of the transmitters are chosen so that a target at an arbitrary point within the position space can be measured via scattering in the target by at least four measuring facilities. For each measuring facility, target detection occurs with constant false alarm rate in the form of probabilities over resolution cells with regards to range and Doppler velocity and conceivable targets are placed in a 2-dimensional linear space belonging to the measuring facility.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus equipped with a function for detecting an abnormality of modulation width. Distance rt2 at time t2 is calculated from the values of the distance Rt1 and the relative velocity Vt1 measured at time t1 and the elapsed time t2−t1, and the difference relative to the actual measured value Rt2 is compared with a threshold value C1. If the difference relative to the actual measured value exceeds the threshold value C1, the modulation width is judged to be abnormal.

Abstract: A system for processing radar data from two or more areas of interest is provided, such as for simultaneously processing vehicle speeds in the opposite lane in front of the patrol vehicle and in the opposite lane behind the patrol vehicle. The system includes an antenna signal processor that receives radar data from one or more radar antennae and generates speed data for a first vehicle travelling in a first direction relative to a radar observation point and a second vehicle travelling in a second direction relative to the radar observation point. A display generator system receives the speed data and user-entered display control data, and generates user-readable display data based on the speed data and the user-entered display control data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus equipped with a function for detecting an abnormality of noise floor level. An abnormality of noise floor level is detected by measuring the level in a region not lower than 60 kHz when FM modulation is stopped or modulation width is made infinitely small by instruction from a CPU to a modulating signal generator.

Abstract: A system for processing radar data from two or more areas of interest is provided, such as for simultaneously processing vehicle speeds in the opposite lane in front of the patrol vehicle and in the opposite lane behind the patrol vehicle. The system includes an antenna signal processor that receives radar data from one or more radar antennae and generates speed data for a first vehicle travelling in a first direction relative to a radar observation point and a second vehicle travelling in a second direction relative to the radar observation point. A display generator system receives the speed data and user-entered display control data, and generates user-readable display data based on the speed data and the user-entered display control data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Doppler shifted radar apparatus for correct target identification with respect to surveillance of moving vehicles. More particularly, an improved radar detection system using two or more continuously transmitted frequencies is used. The multiple frequencies are directed toward target vehicles whereby the phase difference of the two or more reflected Doppler signals is calculated and subsequently used to accurately determine a target range, thereby displaying the closest vehicle and closest vehicle speed. Vehicle speed is determined with use of the standard Doppler frequency shift. The next closest and/or next faster vehicle speed can also be easily determined.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring the speed and/or direction of a target such as a vehicle in a field of view. The speed of a vehicle is measured using distance measurements, phase measurements, or Doppler shift measurements using a single transducer side fire configured sensor. The speed of a vehicle can be measured using laterally spaced transducers in a side fire or off angle configuration and using a single transducer sensor in a forward fire configuration.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method of measuring the speed at which a variational gravitational field propagates. The gravitational field relates to a planet, and the planet has object of sufficient mass to change the gravitational field.

Abstract: A bistatic radar system (100), method and computer program (178) are provided for mapping of oceanic surface conditions. Generally, the system (100) includes at least one transmitter (102) and at least one receiver (106) located separate from one another, and each having a local oscillator locked to a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal received by a GPS synchronization circuit (134) to provide the necessary coherency between the transmitted and received signals. Preferably, the present invention enables an existing backscatter radar systems to be quickly and inexpensively upgraded to a bistatic radar system (100) through the addition of a transmitter (102) and/or receiver (106) separate from the backscatter radar system, the GPS circuit (134), and use of the computer program (178) and method of the present invention.

Abstract: A stationary object detection method for a scanning radar wherein, of peaks generated based on a radar signal reflected from a target, peaks having substantially the same frequency are grouped together, and a decision is made as to whether or not the frequency of the grouped peaks is equal to/higher than a predetermined value, and wherein if the peak frequency is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, then a decision is made as to whether or not the number of grouped peaks is equal to or greater than a predetermined number and, if the number of peaks is equal to or greater than the predetermined number, it is decided that the target is an overhead bridge candidate or an overhead bridge.

Abstract: A bistatic radar system (100), method and computer program (178) are provided for mapping of oceanic surface conditions. Generally, the system (100) includes at least one transmitter (102) and at least one receiver (106) located separate from one another, and each having a local oscillator locked to a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal received by a GPS synchronization circuit (134) to provide the necessary coherency between the transmitted and received signals. Preferably, the present invention enables an existing backscatter radar systems to be quickly and inexpensively upgraded to a bistatic radar system (100) through the addition of a transmitter (102) and/or receiver (106) separate from the backscatter radar system, the GPS circuit (134), and use of the computer program (178) and method of the present invention.

Abstract: System and method for detection and tracking of targets, which in a preferred embodiment is based on the use of fractional Fourier transformation of time-domain signals to compute projections of the auto and cross ambiguity functions along arbitrary line segments. The efficient computational algorithms of the preferred embodiment are used to detect the position and estimate the velocity of signals, such as those encountered by active or passive sensor systems. Various applications of the proposed algorithm in the analysis of time-frequency domain signals are also disclosed.

Abstract: When a new target is detected, if it is determined that the distance difference between the newly detected target and the previously detected target is within a predetermined range, the difference between the relative velocity of the newly detected target and the relative velocity of the previously detected target is obtained to determine whether the difference is greater than a predetermined value &Dgr;Va, and when the difference is greater than the predetermined value, it is determined that the new target is a target obtained as a result of mispairing.

Abstract: A system for the detection and determination of the success of interception of incoming missiles, used in conjunction with a defense weapon system capable of identifying and tracking incoming missiles and interceptors. The system comprises at least one of a plurality of sensing units. Each sensing unit comprises: an optical sensor for detecting optical signals within a predetermined range; tracking means coupled to the optical sensor for tracking an intercepting missile or an incoming missile; processing means for processing optical input detected by the optical sensor and analyzing the optical input to identify an optical signature and determine detonation of interceptor or incoming missile; communicating means for communicating data between the sensing unit and the defense weapon system; and control means for controlling the tracking means, the processing means and the communicating data.

Abstract: Techniques to estimate the velocity of a terminal in a wireless communication system. Movement by the terminal results in a Doppler shift in the frequency of each transmitted signal received at the terminal. In one method, the positions of the terminal, a base station, and each of two or more satellites are initially determined. A residual rate of change of pseudo-range may also be determined for each satellite, e.g., based on (1) an estimated baseband frequency error that includes the Doppler frequency shift due to the terminal's movement and (2) an estimated Doppler frequency shift due to movement by the satellite. A set of equations is then formed based on the determined positions of the terminal, the base station, and the satellites and the determined residual rates of change of pseudo-ranges for the satellites. The velocity of the terminal may thereafter be estimated based on the set of equations.

Abstract: A communication control apparatus installed in a base station or a mobile station in mobile communications system estimates the relative moving speed of an opposing station, and adjusts the values of communication parameters for a searcher, a transmission power control unit, an absolute synchronous detector unit, etc. according to an obtained moving speed.

Abstract: To measure the absolute speed of a body 100 moving relative to the ground 33 using an onboard speed sensor 1, a radar wave is transmitted towards the ground by an antenna with a wide aperture angle. The wave reflected by a reflecting obstacle on the ground and the transmitted wave are mixed and the frequency content of the low frequency signal obtained is determined. The speed of the moving object and the height of the transmitter and receiver antennas above the ground can then be measured by adjusting a theoretical curve to the time-varying evolution of the Doppler frequency corresponding to the reflecting obstacle.

Abstract: A compact, autonomous motion detecting and alerting system alerts to the movement of objects of interest. Mounted on an environmentally sealed PC board are a transceiver such as a CW radar front-end, connectors, signal processors and a communications device. The system provides early warning of movement of an ice sheet or rubble field via the communication device that may be a cellular telephone. This system is mounted proximate the target surface under observation, oriented at pre-specified offset angles both laterally and in elevation. The target is illuminated and energy reflected therefrom is mixed with a portion of the transmitted signal to produce a difference frequency signal that is processed to establish existence of motion within a pre-specified velocity range. Upon verification of motion, notification is sent to a responsible authority. An autonomous or semi-autonomous power source and integral power management function may be incorporated on the same PC board.

Abstract: A radar speed measurement device (10) comprising a display (12) for displaying a target speed, a radar emitter (14) for emitting radar waves toward a target, a radar receiver (16) for receiving radar waves reflected from the target, an analog to digital converter (18) for producing digital signals associated with the radar waves, and a signal processor (20) for determining the target speed by analyzing the digital signals. The device (10) can also calculate statistics associated with the target and further comprises a statistical processor (22) for calculating the statistics. The device (10) can operate in either of two modes. A speed mode is preferably used to determine the target speed, when the target is a race car or any other object. A baseball statistics mode is preferably used to determine the target speed, when the target is a baseball thrown by a pitcher.

Abstract: In a method for HPRF-radar measurement of the range and Doppler frequency of at least one target, a transmit signal is generated which consists of two pulse sequences that are interleaved on a pulse to pulse basis, and have the same pulse repetition frequency PRF and the same transmit frequency. The pulses of a first one of the two pulse sequences have a linearly increasing phase value with a fixed phase difference &phgr;1n (greater than zero) from pulse to pulse with &phgr;1n≧0, while the pulses of the second pulse sequence have a linear increasing phase value with a fixed phase difference &phgr;2n which differs from &phgr;1n. The two received base band signals of each individual pulse sequence are Fourier transformed, and the amplitude peaks of the resulting two Fourier spectra are determined.

Abstract: A radar speed measurement device (10) comprising a display (12) for displaying a target speed, a radar emitter (14) for emitting radar waves toward a target, a radar receiver (16) for receiving radar waves reflected from the target, an analog to digital converter (18) for producing digital signals associated with the radar waves, and a signal processor (20) for determining the target speed by analyzing the digital signals. The device (10) can also calculate statistics associated with the target and further comprises a statistical processor (22) for calculating the statistics. The device (10) can operate in either of two modes. A speed mode is preferably used to determine the target speed, when the target is a race car or any other object. A baseball statistics mode is preferably used to determine the target speed, when the target is a baseball thrown by a pitcher.

Abstract: A system for detecting mobile bodies, using digital telebroadcasting transmissions of an array of terrestrial transmitters. The digital telebroadcast transmissions include a plurality of carriers, afforded symbol-based digital modulation, processed by carrier-wise orthogonal frequency multiplexing. After its reception stages, the receiver includes a processor for performing a discrimination of backscattering the transmissions, according to distance/Doppler bins. A reference pathway receives and demodulates the direct signal received from one of the transmitters. The processor includes a Doppler distribution, the Doppler pathways of which are each assigned to a respective frequency shift, then a distance compressor that yields samples arranged in the distance/Doppler bins. After coherent Doppler integration, a postprocessing with tracking contrasts the echoes obtained in these bins, to obtain radar plots containing position/velocity information on one or more objects.

Abstract: The invention detects a ghost occurring due to mispairing, reflections from a wall, or the like, and improves the ability of a radar to track targets when actual relative velocity changes by more than a certain value. If a stationary target is present within a prescribed region centered about a moving target, the stationary target is excluded from output data by determining it as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of guardrail posts or similar structures. Further, a moving target that is expected to collide with an eligible target is also excluded from the output data by determining it as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of a target having many reflecting points. For a moving target showing an unlikely relative velocity, pairing with some other peak is attempted by determining the moving target as being a target resulting from mispairing due to the detection of a plurality of moving targets moving in the same direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining measurements, on a spacecraft that employs a transceiver, at intervals that are shorter than the telemetry frame duration for use in correcting ground-based Doppler measurements so as to remove the effects of drift in the spacecraft oscillator frequency reference. Samples of navigation counters on the spacecraft that supply information that may be used to compare the uplink frequency with the downlink frequency at the spacecraft are triggered at intervals that are shorter than the duration of a telemetry frame; the samples are then included in a telemetry frame and are time tagged after they are received on the ground; the time tagged samples are then used to calculate precise two-way Doppler measurements.

Abstract: A series of police doppler single mode radars and a multimode police doppler radar, all with direction sensing capability are disclosed. A quadrature front end which mixes received RF with a local oscillator to generate two channels of doppler signals, one channel being shifted by an integer multiple of 90 degrees in phase relative to the other by shifting either the RF or the local oscillator signal being fed to one mixer but not the other. The two doppler signals are digitized and the samples are processed by a digital signal processor programmed to find one or more selected target speeds. Single modes disclosed are: stationary strongest target; stationary, fastest target; stationary, strongest and fastest targets; moving, strongest, opposite lane; moving, strongest, same lane; moving, fastest, opposite lane; moving, fastest and strongest, opposite lane; moving, fastest, same lane; moving fastest and strongest, same lane.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and via a radio wave establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; and a determining device provided in the antenna and determining whether the travel speed of the vehicle is appropriate for a speed limit imposed on a road, on the basis of the travel speed of the vehicle based on a signal corresponding to a reflected wave, the reflected wave being produced as a result of the radio wave emitted from the antenna being reflected by the vehicle.

Abstract: A detector device for detecting the presence of a speed detection system which includes a displaying means which pivots in relation to the device's housing thereby allowing a user to selectively adjust the orientation of the display to maximize the display's visual output without detracting from the alignment/orientation of the device's detection means.

Abstract: System and method for detection and tracking of targets, which in a preferred embodiment is based on the use of fractional Fourier transformation of time-domain signals to compute projections of the auto and cross ambiguity functions along arbitrary line segments. The efficient computational algorithms of the preferred embodiment are used to detect the position and estimate the velocity of signals, such as those encountered by active or passive sensor systems. Various applications of the proposed algorithm in the analysis of time-frequency domain signals are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for controlling the distance of a vehicle to a vehicle traveling ahead, in which the distance and the relative velocity of the vehicle traveling ahead are measured and the distance, in a distance control mode, is controlled by accelerating or decelerating the vehicle to a preestablished setpoint distance, wherein the deceleration permitted by the distance control process is limited and, in situations in which the setpoint distance cannot be maintained at this limited deceleration, the transition is made from the distance control process to a process limiting the distance to a minimum distance which is smaller than the setpoint distance, and the vehicle, after reaching the minimum distance, is further decelerated, so that the distance once again increases to the setpoint distance.

Abstract: A continuous signal of a radio frequency source is connected to an antenna using at least one mixer to generate and analyze radar pulses. To generate a radar pulse, the at least one mixer is briefly placed into a state of low throughput loss. After the radar pulse is generated and transmitted, the at least one mixer is switched over to a receive mode to analyze a mixed signal formed by a receive signal, in particular at least one radar pulse reflected by an object, and the continuous signal of the radio frequency source.

Abstract: A police activity transponder utilizes data available through a vehicle on-board diagnostic system or a intelligent vehicle data bus to adjust the sensitivity of the police activity transponder to law enforcement signals based on speed data. A police activity transponder is configured to read speed data available through an on-board diagnostic system or an intelligent vehicle data bus and using an internal clock, calculate a 0 to 60 mile per hour or a quarter mile time for display and function as a speedometer. A police activity transponder is configured to read engine revolutions per minute (rpm) data and function as a tachometer. A police activity transponder is configured to allow a user to input shift points, read engine rpm data, and provide a user indication.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method of measuring the speed at which a variational gravitational field propagates. The gravitational field relates to a planet, and the planet has object of sufficient mass to change the gravitational field.

Abstract: A police radar and/or laser detector senses radiant electromagnetic signals (e.g. radar, laser) characteristic of a police traffic surveillance device and responds thereto with a displayed and/or audible alert. During periods when no alert is necessary, the detector senses and displays, in numeric or bar graph form, vehicle parameters, such as sound pressure level and acceleration. In addition, calculations based on acceleration provide 0-60 m.p.h. time and quarter mile time. Thereby, the detector enhances information available to the driver without the inconvenience, expense, and clutter of multiple displays.

Abstract: A vehicle speed sensing system includes an RF transceiver coupled to an antenna for transmitting an RF signal towards the terrain over which the vehicle moves and for receiving a reflected Doppler signal therefrom. The transceiver generates a time-domain in-phase reference signal I and a time-domain quadrature signal Q which is offset in phase by 90 degrees from the reference signal I. A digital signal processor which receives the I and Q signals, and uses a complex fast Fourier transform routine to convert the time domain I and Q signals to frequency domain values I(f) and Q(f). The digital signal processor further processes the I(f) and Q(f) values and generates a speed a direction signal which is unaffected by vehicle vibrations.

Abstract: A system for processing radar data from two or more areas of interest is provided, such as for simultaneously processing vehicle speeds in the opposite lane in front of the patrol vehicle and in the opposite lane behind the patrol vehicle. The system includes an antenna signal processor that receives radar data from one or more radar antennae and generates speed data for a first vehicle travelling in a first direction relative to a radar observation point and a second vehicle travelling in a second direction relative to the radar observation point. A display generator system receives the speed data and user-entered display control data, and generates user-readable display data based on the speed data and the user-entered display control data.

Abstract: A device for non-contractual measurement of the speed of an object moving over a surface comprises a means for radiating a signal of fixed frequency at an angle onto the surface in or against the direction of motion, said angle being variable by the movement of the object, and for receiving a Doppler-shifted signal reflected at the surface. A means is provided for combining a plurality of reflected Doppler-shifted signals, which are received in temporal succession, so as to produce a combined spectrum. The device for non-contractual speed measurement additionally comprises a means for detecting from the combined spectrum the spectral portion having the highest or lowest frequency and exceeding a predetermined signal power, and a means for deducing the speed from the frequency of the detected spectral portion.

Abstract: A device for measuring the speed reached and the distance covered by a moving user or object has a Doppler radar sensor that may be secured to the moving user or object and is made of a microwave strip transmission line sensor (1) that generates measurement signals and supplies them to an evaluation unit (2) with a sender that transmits the evaluated data to a separate processing and display unit (8).

Abstract: A spread spectrum radar system, characterized in that the receive radar signal is mixed down to baseband and applied to leak cancellation means for subtracting therefrom an attenuated delayed version of the transmit radar signal to provide a reflected receive radar signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio for further processing and to prevent receiver saturation. The radar allows the capture of the range and speed of identified targets, and facilitates .a determination of the target's direction. It exhibits an inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, and is relatively undetectable by radar detectors. The system is easily reprogrammable for different range resolutions and permits Doppler processing to be independent of the angle between radar signal and the track of the target.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining measurements, on a spacecraft that employs a transceiver, at intervals that are shorter than the telemetry frame duration for use in correcting ground-based Doppler measurements so as to remove the effects of drift in the spacecraft oscillator frequency reference. Samples of navigation counters on the spacecraft that supply information that may be used to compare the uplink frequency with the downlink frequency at the spacecraft are triggered at intervals that are shorter than the duration of a telemetry frame; the samples are then included in a telemetry frame and are time tagged after they are received on the ground; the time tagged samples are then used to calculate precise two-way Doppler measurements.

Abstract: A vehicle speed sensing system includes an RF transceiver coupled to an antenna for transmitting an RF signal towards the terrain over which the vehicle moves and for receiving a reflected Doppler signal therefrom. The transceiver generates a time-domain in-phase reference signal I and a time-domain quadrature signal Q which is offset in phase by 90 degrees from the reference signal I. A digital signal processor which receives the I and Q signals, and uses a complex fast Fourier transform routine to convert the time domain I and Q signals to frequency domain values I(f) and Q(f). The digital signal processor further processes the I(f) and Q(f) values and generates a speed a direction signal which is unaffected by vehicle vibrations.

Abstract: A bistatic radar system (100), method and computer program (178) are provided for mapping of oceanic surface conditions. Generally, the system (100) includes at least one transmitter (102) and at least one receiver (106) located separate from one another, and each having a local oscillator locked to a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal received by a GPS synchronization circuit (134) to provide the necessary coherency between the transmitted and received signals. Preferably, the present invention enables an existing backscatter radar systems to be quickly and inexpensively upgraded to a bistatic radar system (100) through the addition of a transmitter (102) and/or receiver (106) separate from the backscatter radar system, the GPS circuit (134), and use of the computer program (178) and method of the present invention.

Abstract: A police radar and/or laser detector senses radiant electromagnetic signals (e.g. radar, laser) characteristic of a police traffic surveillance device and responds thereto with a displayed and/or audible alert. During periods when no alert is necessary, the detector senses and displays, in numeric or bar graph form, vehicle parameters, such as sound pressure level and acceleration. In addition, calculations based on acceleration provide 0-60 m.p.h. time and quarter mile time. Thereby, the detector enhances information available to the driver without the inconvenience, expense, and clutter of multiple displays.

Abstract: A radar device for measuring the surface velocity of water moving in a horizontal plane in which the radar device is positioned above or below the horizontal plane. The radar device includes a tilt sensor, or accelerometer, to measure the angle of tilt of the radar device with respect to a target point located at a distance from the radar device. The accelerometer generates a signal representing the tilt angle. A processor in the radar device calculates the cosine correction factor that is applied to the measured velocity of the target point. This results in an automatically corrected measured velocity being displayed on the radar device.

Abstract: A radar system and radar processing method includes a number of aspects for providing improved function. The system and method may employ one or more of the following aspects: timely range-velocity (range-Doppler) compensation for target nonstationarity by integration along hypothesized range-Doppler trajectories, allowing noncoherent integration over an elongated time interval; noncoherent integration of an enlarged signal set obtained from overlapped coherent processing intervals (CPIs); hypothesized joint multiple accelerations used to generate multiple hypothesized range-Doppler trajectories; and sliding window integration to increase data output rates with use of large noncoherent integration intervals (NCIs). These aspects allow for improved signal-to-noise ratios, for acquisition and tracking of targets at longer ranges, and for improved target parameter estimation.

Abstract: To measure the absolute speed of a body 100 moving relative to the ground 33 using an onboard speed sensor 1, a radar wave is transmitted towards the ground by an antenna with a wide aperture angle. The wave reflected by a reflecting obstacle on the ground and the transmitted wave are mixed and the frequency content of the low frequency signal obtained is determined. The speed of the moving object and the height of the transmitter and receiver antennas above the ground can then be measured by adjusting a theoretical curve to the time-varying evolution of the Doppler frequency corresponding to the reflecting obstacle.

Abstract: A method for determining the velocity of features such as wind. The method preferably includes producing sensor signals and projecting the sensor signals sequentially along lines lying on the surface of a cone. The sensor signals may be in the form of lidar, radar or sonar for example. As the sensor signals are transmitted, the signals contact objects and are backscattered. The backscattered sensor signals are received to determine the location of objects as they pass through the transmission path. The speed and direction the object is moving may be calculated using the backscattered data. The data may be plotted in a two dimensional array with a scan angle on one axis and a scan time on the other axis. The prominent curves that appear in the plot may be analyzed to determine the speed and direction the object is traveling.

Abstract: A compact, autonomous motion detecting and alerting system alerts to the movement of objects of interest. Mounted on an environmentally sealed PC board are a transceiver such as a CW radar front-end, connectors, signal processors and a communications device. The system provides early warning of movement of an ice sheet or rubble field via the communication device that may be a cellular telephone. This system is mounted proximate the target surface under observation, oriented at pre-specified offset angles both laterally and in elevation. The target is illuminated and energy reflected therefrom is mixed with a portion of the transmitted signal to produce a difference frequency signal that is processed to establish existence of motion within a pre-specified velocity range. Upon verification of motion, notification is sent to a responsible authority. An autonomous or semi-autonomous power source and integral power management function may be incorporated on the same PC board.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method of measuring the speed at which a variational gravitational field propagates. The gravitational field relates to a planet, and the planet has object of sufficient mass to change the gravitational field.