Abstract: A method and apparatus by which electromagnetic wave energy is passed through a beam-forming antenna thereby forming a capacitive surface reactance which eliminates E-plane edge currents on the antenna and balances hybrid electromagnetic energy modes resulting in symmetrical electromagnetic wave patterns.

Abstract: An energy feed structure includes a first tube having an open end and a closed end, a second tube to pierce the closed end, and a solid dielectric material to cover the open end. An apparatus comprises a resonant element located in a first plane, a ground plane located in a second plane (typically spaced apart from and substantially parallel to the first plane), and an energy feed structure. A system comprises an apparatus, including a resonant element, a ground plane, and an energy feed structure, as well as a radio frequency connector having a center conductor electrically coupled to the feed structure. A method includes forming a ground plane, forming a planar resonant element, and forming an energy feed structure capable of passing through the ground plane and being capacitively coupled to the resonant element.

Abstract: A radio wave receiving converter in accordance with the present invention is for receiving satellite broadcast, and includes a body portion having a first feed horn portion, a second feed horn portion connected to first feed horn portion, and a sheet sandwiched between first feed horn portion and second feed horn portion and maintaining air tightness at a connected portion of first feed horn portion and second feed horn portion. An antenna device in accordance with the present invention includes the radio wave receiving converter as described above and a reflective parabolic portion reflecting a received radio wave and leading it to the radio wave receiving converter.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed that includes a mast, waveguides positioned about the mast, and a feed system positioned external to the mast and between adjacent waveguides, such the feed system can be easily serviced. The waveguides include radiator elements that are easy to manufacture, and thus reduce the cost associated with wideband cavity-backed antennas. Further, adjustable disc-like and spherical radiating elements for exciting the fields in the waveguides are also disclosed. DC voltage buildup on the radiating elements are grounded by an easily attachable coaxial structure.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed that includes a mast, waveguides positioned about the mast, and a feed system positioned external to the mast and between adjacent waveguides, such the feed system can be easily serviced. The waveguides include spherical radiator elements that are easy to manufacture, and thus reduce the cost associated with wideband cavity-backed antennas.

Abstract: A family of FE dielectric-tuned antennas and a method for frequency tuning a wireless communications antenna are provided. The method comprises: forming a radiator; forming a dielectric with ferroelectric material proximate to the radiator; applying a voltage to the ferroelectric material; in response to applying the voltage, generating a dielectric constant; and, in response to the dielectric constant, communicating electromagnetic fields at a resonant frequency. Some aspects of the method further comprise: varying the applied voltage; and, modifying the resonant frequency in response to changes in the applied voltage. Modifying the resonant frequency includes forming an antenna with a variable operating frequency responsive to the applied voltage. Alternately stated, forming an antenna with a variable operating frequency includes forming an antenna with a predetermined fixed characteristic impedance, independent of the resonant frequency.

Abstract: A horn antenna system having a strip line feeding structure of which size is reduced while cross polarized characteristics are kept. The horn antenna system, includes: a first horn antenna unit having a first horn antenna and a first ground made of metal, for radiating a signal; a second horn antenna unit having a second horn antenna and a second ground made of metal, for reflecting the signal to allow the second horn antenna unit to radiate the signal; and a feeding unit located between the first horn antenna unit and the second horn antenna unit, for feeding the energy to the first horn antenna unit and the second horn antenna unit, wherein the feeding unit is a stripe line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for emitting high-frequency signals, comprising a signal generation unit, a signaling line, an emission cable and an antenna configured as a circular waveguide, said antenna being sealed in an end section by a rear wall. According to the invention, the signal generation unit creates the high-frequency signals, the signaling line conducts the high-frequency signals along the emission cable and said emission cable projects into the interior of the antenna and is positioned approximately parallel to the rear wall. The invention aims to provide a device for emitting electromagnetic waves, which is characterized by optimized emission characteristics. To achieve this, the distance (Z) between the emission cable and the rear wall of the antenna is approximately &lgr;/6, whereby &lgr; is the wavelength of the high-frequency signals borne by the antenna.

Abstract: A radar horn antenna in which, to reduce or remove unnecessary echo from a specific angular range such as ground clutter, divergence in axial direction of a horn antenna 8 accommodated in a casing and covered with a radome is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of the horn antenna so that a maximum radiation direction in a radiation pattern of the horn antenna is deviated from front to another and/or gain in the specific angular range is controlled.

Abstract: A phased array antenna having a low profile (approximately ⅛ wavelength) wide bandwidth (approximately 50%). The invention teaches making such an antenna using open channel resonators and monopole wave launchers. The wave launchers may conveniently be made on circuit card assemblies with strip lines that mimic coaxial cable monopole wave launchers. The channel resonators may be made in sections that are soldered to the circuit card assemblies. The circuit card assemblies have plated through holes that trace the edges of the resonator sections to provide electrical continuity.

Abstract: A waveguide antenna apparatus is provided including a rectangular waveguide having one end short-circuited by a terminating conductor and another end opened. The rectangular waveguide includes a grounding conductor and a ceiling conductor opposed to each other, and includes two side surface conductors joining the grounding conductor with the ceiling conductor and being opposed to each other. An antenna element has one end and another end, where one end thereof is connected with a position in the ceiling conductor in a vicinity of opened another end of the rectangular waveguide, and another end thereof is connected with a feeding portion located in the grounding conductor. The ceiling conductor includes a removed portion on the side of opened another end of the rectangular waveguide. Then an electromagnetic wave of a fed radio signal is radiated from the removed portion and opened another end of the rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A dual band, higher and lower frequency range transducer with a circular coaxial waveguide feed is described having a first junction for connection of a lower frequency range outer waveguide of the coaxial waveguide feed to at least two rectangular or ridge waveguides offset from the longitudinal axis of the transducer and a second junction for connection of the at least two rectangular or ridge waveguides to a further waveguide. A third junction is provided for connecting an inner waveguide of the coaxial waveguide feed to a higher frequency range waveguide. The transducer comprises at least first and second parts joined across a first plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and including at least a portion of the higher frequency range waveguide extending within the first plane of the join. A seal such as an “O” ring seal may be placed easily in the plane of the join thus preventing moisture ingress.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed that includes a mast, waveguides positioned about the mast, and a feed system positioned external to the mast and between adjacent waveguides, such the feed system can be easily serviced. The waveguides include spherical radiator elements that are easy to manufacture, and thus reduce the cost associated with wideband cavity-backed antennas.

Abstract: A dual-polarization common aperture antenna having fully populated common aperture dual polarized arrays. The inventive antenna includes a first and second arrays of radiating slots disposed in a faceplate. The second array is generally orthogonal and therefor cross-polarized relative to the first array. The first array is waveguide fed and the second array is stripline fed. In the illustrative implementation, the first array and the second array share a common aperture. The common aperture is fully populated and each array uses the aperture in its entirety. The first and second arrays of slots are arranged for four-way symmetry. Each slot in the first array is a vertically oriented, iris-excited shunt slot fed by a rectangular waveguide and centered on a broad wall thereof. The second array is a standing wave array in which each slot is an air cavity backed slot fed by an inverted micro-stripline offset from a center thereof.

Abstract: Antenna centric duct 1 in the form of long cylinder has a coaxial channel of circular intersection 2 at one end, and a coaxial screwed tongue 3 at the other end. On one third of cylinder length 1 there is a lateral screwed port 4. With the help of the tongue 3, the cylinder 1 is coaxialy connected to the cylindrical housing 5 inside its cylindrical hollow 6 in which there is antenna sleeve 7 with necking, placed on the axis of the hollow 6. Inside the lateral screwed port 4 of the cylinder 1, there is a short support 8 of the waveguide. In the free end of the support, there is a transverse cut 9. In the transverse cut 9 of short support 8 of the waveguide, one end of the waveguide 10 in the shape of rod is located. Its second end is located in transverse cut 11 of long waveguide support 12, located in lateral screwed port 13 of the cylindrical housing 5, at its opposite end. On the housing 5 axis, there is the cut of rectangular intersection 15 to a depth of one third of the housing 5 length.

Abstract: A dielectric fill disposed in a waveguide is used to form an antenna feed. One attribute of the dielectric fill is to enable a reduction in aperture size that in turn increases the beamwidth. More specifically, an RF signal received or transmitted at the end of the waveguide can have a wider half-power beamwidth angle than otherwise achieved without the dielectric filling the waveguide. A portion of the dielectric fill may protrude beyond the end of the waveguide to match the waveguide to free space. If the waveguide section is cylindrical in cross-section, a transformed section formed of an annular dielectric ring may be used to match the feed to a rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A dual band antenna feed is made with an embedded waveguide structure to enable combining of Ka and Ku band signals without the need for an additional cavity-type filter. The antenna feed includes a Ka and Ku band interface section (22) with two Ka band vertical polarization waveguide sections (31) and (32), and a single Ku band waveguide section (34) which carries both vertical and horizontal polarization Ku band signals. The opposing walls (36-37) of the Ku band waveguide (34) carrying the vertical polarization Ku band signals are transitioned to step down from an input section (40) to successively smaller dimensioned sections (41-44), and then to step back up in successively larger dimensioned sections (45-47) to an output section (48). The two Ka band sections (31-32) are fed into openings in Ku band section.(46), on opposite sides of the opening for the Ku band transition section (45). The output section (48) then provides a combined Ka band vertical and Ku band horizontal and vertical signals.

Abstract: A unit element of a periodically loaded edge slot array includes a reduced-height waveguide section having top and bottom walls and opposed first and second sidewalls defining a waveguide space. A slot is formed in the first side wall at an angle with respect to a waveguide longitudinal axis. At least one conductive post protrudes from the top wall into the waveguide space. The unit element can be incorporated into sticks of an electronically scanned antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for a center fed reflector feed for a parabolic antenna where the feed is configured to include an output portion that is curved in two directions to thereby enhance the E and H plane patterns of the signal directed rearwardly towards a parabolic reflector.

Abstract: A conformal phased array antenna and associated method of repairing the antenna are provided. The antenna has individual subassemblies or line replaceable units such that the antenna can be repaired without completely removing the entire antenna. The antenna generally includes a planar antenna subassembly including an array of RF modules disposed in a reference plane. The antenna also typically has a contoured waveguide subassembly including a contoured aperture honeycomb structure. The contoured aperture honeycomb structure defines a number of passages that are in communication with respective RF modules. The exterior surface of the contoured aperture honeycomb structure that faces away from the planar antenna subassembly is contoured such that at least portions of this surface are at an oblique angle with respect to the reference plane. This contoured surface may advantageously be shaped to match the contour of the surface of the structure to which the antenna is mounted.

Abstract: A system and method for a center fed reflector feed for a parabolic antenna where the feed is configured to include an output portion that is curved in two directions to thereby enhance the E and H plane patterns of the signal directed rearwardly towards a parabolic reflector.

Abstract: A wave receiving apparatus comprising a reflector; a conduit for guiding waves, having an open end allowing entrance of polarized waves reflected by the reflector; a septum polarizer monolithically formed with the conduit for effecting a circular-linear polarization conversion; a pair of signal collectors pointing to the same direction or towards each other and positioned at a distance of quarter-wavelength away from the rear end of the conduit for receiving wave signals; and a circuitry module, positioned sidelong next to said conduit seen from said open end into said conduit, to which the signal collectors are electrically connected for handling wave signals.

Abstract: A tubular resin member constituting the frame of a feed horn is divided into an inner side resin member located at an inner circumferential plane side and an outer side resin member located at an outer circumferential plane side. The inner side resin member is formed of a resin material that allows metal plating. Metal plating is applied on the inner circumferential plane of the inner side resin member to form a metal plate layer corresponding to a waveguide plane. The outer side resin member is formed of a resin material containing a coating composition to improve the aesthetic appearance. Accordingly, a feed horn of a satellite communication reception converter that can be fabricated readily and economically can be provided.

Abstract: An antenna array comprises a substrate; a plurality of projecting, tapering structures disposed in an array and attached to a first major surface of said substrate, the plurality of projecting, tapering structures defining a plurality of waveguides therebetween; and a plurality of box-shaped structures disposed in an array and attached to a second major surface of the substrate, the plurality of box-shaped structures defining a plurality of waveguides therebetween, the plurality of waveguides defined by the plurality of projecting, tapering structures aligning with the plurality of waveguides defined by the plurality of box-shaped structures. The substrate includes a plurality of probes for feeding the plurality waveguides.

Abstract: An improved millimeter wavelength antenna assembly having an input signal coupler, a dielectric waveguide, and a rotatable drum is disclosed. The input signal coupler reduces VSWR return losses and scattered radiation losses from the drum and matches a feeding waveguides characteristics to the dielectric waveguide. Embodiments of the invention include a reflector and a cylindrical lens to direct and form electromagnetic energy radiated by the antenna assembly.

Abstract: A microwave antenna for an aircraft including a reflector element with a front surface and a rear surface. A horn is mounted to the front surface of the reflector element and an orthomode transducer is mounted to the rear surface of the reflector element. The orthomode transducer is coupled to the horn. Solid state power amplifiers that amplify a microwave signal to be transmitted and low noise amplifiers that amplify a received microwave signal are coupled to the orthomode transducer. The solid state amplifiers and the low noise amplifiers are also located on the rear surface of the reflector element.

Abstract: A waveguide apparatus for bidirectional distribution of signals includes: (a) a first conductive element parallel with a reference plane; (b) a second conductive element in spaced parallel relation with the first element; (c) a first coupling locus situated in the first element; and (d) second coupling loci arrayed in the second element. Each second coupling locus includes an aperture traversing the second element at a lineal distance from the first coupling locus in a lineal plane perpendicular with the reference plane and containing a line from the first coupling locus. Each aperture has a major and a minor axis. The major axis establishes an installation attitude with respect to the lineal plane. The lineal distance and the installation attitude for each aperture are selected to distribute electromagnetic signals having substantially equal power.

Abstract: In a horn antenna apparatus for use in an antenna system for radar, some of the excited radio waves in a TE11 mode in a radio-wave input portion 1 are converted to those in a higher mode in a waveguide portion 5. As the inclination of a line of intersection S of the waveguide portion 5 is not fixed but continuously varied, the higher mode such as a TM11 mode and TE12 mode and the like is excited everywhere in the direction of the axis Z of the waveguide portion 5. Then the configuration of the line of intersection is determined so that an amplitude and a phase as the generated quantity of higher mode such as the TM11 mode generated in the waveguide portion 5 conform to desired values with respect to each higher mode.

Abstract: At least one of the following requirements is satisfied. A position of a curvature center of an arcuate portion in at least one of waveguide plates is selected between a connecting member and a power feeder, in accordance with a desired horizontal beam radiation characteristic. A curvature radius of the arcuate portion in at least one of the waveguide plates is selected in accordance with a desired vertical beam radiation characteristic. A slanted angle of a peripheral face of the arcuate portion, which connects a top face and a bottom face of each waveguide plate, in at least one of the waveguide plates is selected in accordance with a desired vertical beam radiation characteristic.

Abstract: A low nosie block (LNB) system is described which facilitates the mount of printed circuit board (PCBs) with probes attached to an LNB housing. The LNB housing has, in a preferred arrangement, two keyhole-shaped apertures located in the back wall of the waveguide for receiving the probes already mounted to the PCB. The apertures are dimensioned and proportioned to lie on either side of a waveguide septum and to allow probes, when coupled to a printed circuit board, to be inserted through the respective apertures for correct orientation within the waveguide once the printed circuit board is secured to the housing and to allow minimal transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the apertures other than by a transmission line formed by the probes.

Abstract: The invention utilizes two nominally orthogonal probes to couple selectively to two orthogonal modes propagating in a microwave waveguide and horn. The waveguide and horn utilize internal ridges to obtain broad bandwidth and the two probes are located in substantially the same plane in order to avoid introducing large changes in the relative phases of the two modes propagating within the waveguide with changes in frequency over the operating bandwidth of the device. The middle portion of each probe is bent or deformed to the extent needed to avoid physical conflict and electrical contact between the probes, while still avoiding the introduction of substantial phases differences between the modes excited by the respective probes.

Abstract: A dielectric fill disposed in a waveguide is used to form an antenna feed. One attribute of the dielectric fill is to enable a reduction in aperture size that in turn increases the beamwidth. More specifically, an RF signal received or transmitted at the end of the waveguide can have a wider half-power beamwidth angle than otherwise achieved without the dielectric filling the waveguide. A portion of the dielectric fill may protrude beyond the end of the waveguide to match the waveguide to free space. If the waveguide section is cylindrical in cross-section, a transformed section formed of an annular dielectric ring may be used to match the feed to a rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) power distribution network includes a block assembly having integrated therein a network of waveguides and a plurality of waveguide power dividers. The block assembly has an input waveguide and N output waveguides. The waveguides and waveguide power dividers form a waveguide network for dividing the power of an RF signal present at the input waveguide among the N output waveguides. The RF distribution network can be adapted for use as a feed network for phased array antenna systems.

Abstract: A satellite assembly 10 is provided, including an RF radiating element 12 including a plurality of RF choke elements 18, each of said plurality of RF choke elements 18 being defined by an RF dimensional set 20 including an RF depth 22 and an RF width 24. The satellite assembly 10 further includes a null aperture field zone 26 created by the plurality of RF choke elements 18, the null aperture field zone 26 created by tuning each of the RF dimensional sets 20. At least one field sensitive component 14 is positioned within said null aperture field zone 26.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the fill level of a filling substance in a container. The device includes a signal generator unit which generates high-frequency signals, a transmitter/receiver pair which transmits the signals via an antenna and receives the signals which have been reflected on the surface of the filling substance. A coaxial line is also included which has an inner conductor and an outer conductor for bearing the signals, and an evaluation unit which determines the fill level in the container using the transit time of the signals. The antenna has a wave duct which is delimited by a rear wall. A send line is provided on the rear wall of the wave duct, which runs substantially within the wave duct, whereby a first end section of the send line is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line.

Abstract: Fluidic self-assembly of active antenna. An embodiment that is described in the specification and drawings include a strip of substrate material having an antenna on one side, signal and power busses on the other side, and one or more channel laid out across the strip of substrate material from the antenna to the signal and power busses. The strip of substrate material may have a number of recessed regions and shaped blocks disposed in the recessed regions via a fluidic self-assembly process. The shaped blocks may include micro-switches, CMOS control circuitry, and III-V semiconductor amplifiers. The strip may then be stacked together vertically with spacers to form a two dimensional phased-array.

Abstract: A radio wave receiving converter in accordance with the present invention is for receiving satellite broadcast, and includes a body portion having a first feed horn portion, a second feed horn portion connected to first feed horn portion, and a sheet sandwiched between first feed horn portion and second feed horn portion and maintaining air tightness at a connected portion of first feed horn portion and second feed horn portion. An antenna device in accordance with the present invention includes the radio wave receiving converter as described above and a reflective parabolic portion reflecting a received radio wave and leading it to the radio wave receiving converter.

Abstract: A microwave antenna for use in a sectorized cellular communication system comprises a wide-flare pyramidal horn having two pairs of opposed flared side walls. At least one of the two pairs of opposed walls has corrugated interior surfaces. The length of the horn and the flare angle of the walls having the corrugated interior surfaces are selected to produce a ratio &Dgr;e/&lgr; greater than 1.5, where &Dgr;e/&lgr;=[&agr;/(2/&lgr;)] tan (&agr;e/2) is the spherical-wave error of said horn, &lgr; is the free space wavelength of the microwave signals to be transmitted by said antenna, &agr; is the horn's aperture width, and &agr;e the half-angle of the horn in the horizontal plane.

Abstract: A ridged feed horn antenna for use in broadband satellite communications. This multi-ridged feed horn operates in a receive band of 10-13 GHz and a transmit band of 14-15 GHz. The ridged feed horn antenna comprises excitation conductors which excite the field between each of the ridges in the feed horn antenna. The excitation conductors are connected to each of the ridges. A waveguide, terminated at the back of the horn antenna, enables the ridges to guide the energy from their respective excitation conductors toward the mouth of the feed horn antenna. A planar balun and matching circuit, located at the back of the horn antenna, may be used to feed each of the excitation conductors. Furthermore, the cross-section of each excitation conductor is chosen so as to optimize horn antenna performance. Each excitation conductor extends outwardly from the back of the horn and is parallel to the longitudinal axes of the horn waveguide.

Abstract: In a satellite receiver a feeder element is provided that includes several feeder horns on a micro head for distributing satellite signals from different satellites to different channels in the different horns and means for blocking all channels, except for the one that is presently desired to be used, before the signals sent on these channels reach the micro head.

Abstract: The present invention provides antenna feed assemblies that allow the common waveguide portion of an antenna feed assembly to be rotated independent of a fixed communication waveguide. When rotated, the ports of the common waveguide are altered in terms of polarization with respect to signals propagating in the common waveguide, while the predetermined polarization between the ports remains the same. A rotatable coupling between the common waveguide and the fixed communication waveguide allows for communication of signals between the two waveguides, even though their ports are rotated with respect to each other. As such, the polarization of the waveguides associated with the antenna may be reconfigured, even though one of the waveguides remains at a fixed position.

Abstract: A parallel plate septum polarizer used in low profile, dual polarized, antenna applications such as satellite communications from a moving vehicle. The polarizer allows a wide waveguide to be fed from two thinner waveguides. Each thin waveguide operates with one propagating mode. These modes have the same field structure, wave velocity and wave impedance. Three waveguide modes can propagate in the wide guide. Two modes are desirable and are used to transmit or receive dual polarized signals. They have different field structures, wave velocities and impedances. The polarizer allows each mode in the thin guides to couple to both the desired modes in the wide guide. At the same time there is very little coupling with each other and with the undesired third mode in the wide guide. There is also very little reflection of the incident modes from the polarizer junction.

Abstract: A flange adaptor assembly for coupling a waveguide to any number of flange interfaces, wherein the assembly includes a flange adaptor having a predetermined flange coupling interface. The flange adaptor of the present invention is constructed for engaging the common adaptor side of a number of waveguide flanges, while being semi-permanently secured to the end of a waveguide. The flange interface side of the waveguide flanges varies in accordance with the flange interface to which the waveguide is to be connected In this manner, a single waveguide can be manufactured and assembled for use with multiple waveguide flanges.

Abstract: A primary radiator comprises a base part in an upper surface of which a groove having a width of ½ to {fraction (1/1)} of the signal wavelength of a high frequency signal and a depth of about ¼ of the signal wavelength is formed as a waveguide for the high frequency signal, and a moving part which is placed in such a manner as to cover the groove, and which includes a coupling window for an electromagnetic wave of the high frequency signal and a reflecting member that is formed on a lower surface of the moving part in such a manner as to fit in a cross section of the groove and is positioned away from the coupling window by ⅛ to {fraction (1/1)} of the guide wavelength of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dielectric leaky-wave antenna having a single-layer structure which is effective for realizing a highly efficient low-cost antenna in a quasi-millimeter wave zone in particular. This dielectric leaky-wave antenna includes a ground plane, a dielectric slab which is laid on one surface of the ground plane and forms a transmission guide for transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one end side to the other end side between itself and the ground plane along the surface, perturbations which are loaded on the surface of the dielectric slab along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of the transmission guide at predetermined intervals and leak the electromagnetic wave from the surface of the dielectric slab, and a feed which supplies the electromagnetic wave to one end side of the transmission guide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antenna feeds (10, 30, 70, 78, 94) for use in linear or circularly polarised systems. In one embodiment of the invention, a cross-type antenna feed (30) comprises a cylindrical metal waveguide housing (12) and a cross-type metal feed body (32) coupled to the front of the waveguide housing (12). The feed body (32) has four peripherally spaced corrugated arm portions (34) arranged in a mutually orthogonal relationship, where the arm portions (34) extend radially outwardly from a longitudinal axis (16) of the feed body (32). Ridges (36) on each arm portion (34) are arranged concentrically around the axis (16) and parallel thereto, with successive ridges spaced from the axis (16) in a tiered arrangement. In another embodiment the antenna feed is a dielectric lens. The antenna feed is used in an antenna system having a reflector antenna in addition or in a low noise block (LNB) receiver.

Abstract: A flat plate or slab antenna (1) is fabricated from a number of sandwiched layers in which a number of arrayed individual antenna elements (3) are formed. The antenna elements (3) each include a horn (12) with a rectangular aperture (13) feeding (or fed by) individual rectangular waveguides (15). Two orthogonal probes (17,20) protrude into each waveguide (13), each of which is connected to respective beamforming networks. The network of first probes (17) operates at a first frequency while the network of second probes (20) operates at a frequency which is different from the first frequency. In the preferred embodiment, the edges (13) of the horn apertures (12) are parallel to the sides (6, 7, 8, 9) of the antenna slab while the walls of the rectangular waveguides are at 45° to the sides (6, 7, 8, 9) of the slab. The antenna (1) is able to receive and/or transmit two orthogonally linearly polarised signal at different frequencies and is therefore capable of full duplex operation.

Abstract: A feed horn structure in which a feed horn and a horn cap can be combined without generating whitening, crack and the like, a manufacturing method thereof, a converter having that feed horn structure, and a satellite communication receiving antenna can be obtained. The feed horn structure of a satellite communication receiving converter includes a cylindrical feed horn receiving a radio wave from an antenna portion and guiding the radio wave, and a horn cap fixed to the feed horn so as to surround one end of the feed horn at antenna side. The feed horn and the horn cap are integrated by integral molding.

Abstract: A radiation section of a dielectric feeder protrudes from an opening of a waveguide to improve the efficiency of receiving radio signals. An opening is provided at one end of the waveguide. A dielectric feeder held within the waveguide has a radiation section protruding from the opening. An annular wall having a bottom surrounds the opening of the waveguide. The depth of the annular wall is about ¼ of the wavelength of radio waves, and the width of a bottom surface of the annular wall is about ⅙ to {fraction (1/10)} of the wavelength of the radio waves. Consequently, the phases of a surface current that flows from the opening toward the bottom surface of the annular wall and a surface current which flows from the bottom surface of the annular wall toward the open end are substantially out of phase. As a result, the side lobes of the received radio signals are greatly reduced, and the gain of the main lobe is increased, improving the reception of radio waves transmitted from a satellite.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system formed from an antenna-integrated printed wiring board for performing the functions of a waveguide impedance matching layers, a honeycomb support structure, RF antenna probes, DC logic and RF distribution. The printed wiring board construction of the present invention significantly reduces the number of component parts required to form a phased array antenna assembly, as well as simplifying the manufacturing process of the antenna assembly. The antenna-integrated printed wiring board is formed from an inexpensive, photolithographic process to create a single part (or optionally a two part) structure for performing the above-listed functions.