Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium are provided for translating OpenGL API calls to operations in a Vulkan graphics driver using an OpenGL-on-Vulkan driver architecture. An OpenGL-on-Vulkan driver receives an OpenGL context and render function, translates an OpenGL format to a Vulkan format, creates a Vulkan object and sets a Vulkan state, and generates a Vulkan command buffer corresponding to the OpenGL render function.

Abstract: Provided are a display apparatus and a method of displaying content. The display apparatus is capable of obtaining information about a light source around the display apparatus and providing a shadow effect on content to be displayed. The display apparatus may include a processor, a memory connected to the processor, and a display unit. The processor may be configured to receive light source position information about a position of a light source in a space where the display apparatus is located, determine a shadow image for content based on the light source position information, and display the content and the shadow image on the display unit.

Abstract: Described are systems, methods, and apparatus that produce depth data representative of an object, such as a user, at a first location, transmit that depth data to a second location, and use that depth data to produce, at the second location, a three-dimensional representation of the object. A tangible display at the second location may receive the depth data and use that depth data to determine displacement amounts for each of a plurality of moveable pins of the tangible display. The moveable pins may be then displaced by the displacement amounts to form the three-dimensional representation of the object.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments provide a temporary privacy mode for an electronic device. The user selects one or more regions of allowable content and/or unallowable content. The user then invokes a temporary privacy mode of the device. While the device is in the temporary privacy mode, only the allowable content is viewable on the display of the electronic device. The unallowable content is obfuscated or hidden from view. The third party therefore cannot see the content deemed private by the user. When the third party has completed review of the content, the user can exit the temporary privacy mode to return to normal operation.

Abstract: A personalized persistent collection of customized inking tools is provided. In an ink-enabled application, a user is enabled to create new inking tools and to select properties to associate with the new inking tools according to the user's wants/needs. Inking tool elements illustrative of the properties associated with the user-customized inking tools are included in an inking tool tray displayed in a UI of the application. The user-selected properties associated with the user-customized inking tools are stored in a data store that is accessible by the application and other applications from various computing devices. The inking tool tray is consistent across applications and computing devices for allowing the user to create, keep, and roam a customized set of inking tools, and providing the user with one-click access to the user's customized inking tools. Advantageously, the user does not have to repeatedly set up an inking tool with often-used attributes.

Abstract: An image generation apparatus that is configured to generate a virtual viewpoint image comprises: an obtaining unit configured to obtain shape data indicating a three-dimensional shape of an object captured from a plurality of directions by a plurality of cameras; a selecting unit configured to select, based on a result of an evaluation on the shape data obtained by the obtaining unit, a method of determining a pixel value in the virtual viewpoint image from among a plurality of methods; and a generating unit configured to generate a virtual viewpoint image by the method of determining the pixel value selected by the selecting unit, wherein the virtual viewpoint image based on images obtained based on capturing by the plurality of cameras, the shape data obtained by the obtaining unit, and viewpoint information representing a virtual viewpoint.

Abstract: A user interface display system that is associated with an electronic lock that provides feedback to a user that is engaging the electronic lock. A user interface display system includes a user interface display to depict to the user feedback patterns with each feedback pattern that is displayed to the user providing the feedback to the user. An electrochromic filter transitions a color depicted by the user interface display to correspond to the feedback pattern depicted by the user interface display. Each feedback pattern that is displayed provides a corresponding color that is associated with the feedback that is provided to the user as the user engages the electronic lock. A controller transitions the electrochromic filter to each color to correspond with the feedback pattern that is displayed by the user interface display so that the transitioned color and the feedback pattern that is displayed is in response to the user engaging the electronic lock.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a decoding device, a decoding method, an encoding device, and an encoding method, which are capable of enabling a decoding side to accurately recognize a color gamut of an encoding target image. The decoding device includes circuitry configured to receive an encoded stream including encoded data of an image and color primary information indicating a coordinate of at least one color primary of the image. The circuitry extracts the encoded data and the color primary information from the received encoded stream. The circuitry decodes the encoded data to generate the image. Further, the circuitry adjusts a color space of the generated image based on the extracted color primary information. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, a decoding device of a high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scheme.

Abstract: A mixed reality display system includes a processor circuit, and a memory coupled to the processor circuit. The memory includes machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to determine a location of a user wearing a mixed reality viewer and generate a live video signal of a real-world scene including a plurality of real-world elements. The machine readable instructions further cause the processor circuit to determine an authorized region within the real-world scene including a plurality of authorized real-world elements that are authorized to be displayed to a third party, and generate a mixed reality including the authorized real-world elements within the authorized region and a first virtual element that obscures one of the plurality of real-world elements of the live video signal that is not within the authorized region of the real-world scene, and generate an output video signal of the mixed reality scene.

Abstract: The example embodiments are directed to a system and method for a virtual processor that enables real-time in situ disassembly and debugging. In one example, the method includes implementing a virtual processor in field programmable gate array (FPGA) programmable logic, the virtual processor comprising a virtual version of a target system, capturing data representative of operations in the virtual processor using a bus access device configured to provide direct access to components of the virtual processor, streaming the data to the embedded processor, storing the data in the memory device, and performing in-situ disassembly and debugging.

Abstract: A display panel of an OLED display device includes a first OLED disposed in a first sub-pixel region, a second OLED disposed in a second sub-pixel region adjacent to the first sub-pixel region in a row direction, a third OLED disposed in a third sub-pixel region adjacent to the first sub-pixel region in a column direction, a fourth OLED disposed in a fourth sub-pixel region adjacent to the second sub-pixel region in the column direction and adjacent to the third sub-pixel region in the row direction, a first sub-pixel circuit disposed in the first sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel circuit disposed in the fourth sub-pixel region, both configured to drive the first OLED, a second sub-pixel circuit disposed in the second sub-pixel region, and configured to drive the fourth OLED, a third sub-pixel circuit disposed in the third sub-pixel region, and configured to drive the third OLED.

Abstract: There is provided a method of displaying an image on a display device, the method including moving an image displayed at an image display region of the display device, and reducing a first region and enlarging a second region, the first and second regions included in the image, wherein the image has a smaller size than the image display region.

Abstract: A display system includes a rendering device configured to couple to a display monitor. The rendering device includes a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to render display images for a video stream to be displayed at the display monitor. The rendering device further includes a central processing unit (CPU) configured to obtain display parameters for the display monitor, the display parameters including data identifying a native color gamut, a native luminance range of the display monitor, and one or more backlighting characteristics of the display monitor, and to configure the GPU to render a display image of the video stream that is tone mapped to the native color gamut and the native luminance range and based on the one or more backlighting characteristics. The display monitor is configured to provide the display image for display without tone re-mapping the display image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems, methods, and computer storage media for implementing a nuanced-color search and recommendation system. Employing various techniques described herein, an improved search engine for categorizable items is provided to generate accurate color-based search results and recommendations that are relevant to a nuanced color provided as a search parameter. In various implementations, digital assets that depict categorizable items can be analyzed to characterize the depicted items with, among other things, a particular shade of a determined dominant color. In this way, categorizable items can be searched based at least in part on a selected shade of a particular dominant color to generate a primary search result. In further embodiments, other categorizable items can be generated as recommendations based on characteristics of the primary search result.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a gate driver includes a plurality of stages which is dependently connected to each other and each of the plurality of pixels includes: a first output unit which outputs a sensing signal by voltages of a Q node and a QB node; a second output unit which outputs a reference signal by the voltages of the Q node and the QB node; a third output unit which outputs a scan signal by the voltages of the Q node and the QB node; a first controller which controls the Q node; and a second controller which controls the QB node, and at least two of the first to third output units share at least one clock signal among a plurality of clock signals, thereby reducing an area of the gate driver.

Abstract: A signal processing device includes an elongation coefficient calculation circuit receiving a first image signal including a red pixel value, a green pixel value and a blue pixel value, and determining an elongation coefficient value with respect to one frame based on the first image signal, and an image signal processing circuit receiving the first image signal and the elongation coefficient value. The image signal processing circuit includes an image signal conversion circuit converting the first image signal into a second image signal including a red pixel value, a green pixel value, a blue pixel value and a white pixel value, an elongation processing circuit elongating the second image signal based on the elongation coefficient value, an image signal analysis circuit analyzing the elongated second image signal, and an adjustment circuit adjusting the elongated second image signal.

Abstract: The present invention allows for display of an image generated from HDR video data on an LDR monitor in good condition. Applying a predetermined level-mapping curve to the input video data (HDR video data) in a first range of levels provides the video data for transmission (LDR video data) in a second range of levels narrower than the first range of levels. The video data for transmission is transmitted together with the auxiliary information used to convert the levels on the receiving end.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an acquisition unit and a first generation unit. The acquisition unit acquires plural images of a single material with different backgrounds. The first generation unit generates an image of the single material without a background color by using the plural images.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device including an LCD panel and a backlight. The backlight includes a plurality of light sources to emit light, and a reflective stack. The reflective stack is positioned to receive light emitted from the light sources and transmit the light to the LCD panel. The reflective stack includes optical elements providing a folded beam path for the light emitted from the light sources to the LCD panel. The light emitted from the light sources is diffused while propagating towards and away from the LCD panel along the folded beam path. The folded beam path has an optical distance that is longer than the spatial distance between the light sources and the LCD panel to improve light diffusion by the backlight without substantially increasing backlight thickness.

Abstract: Channel selection, quantization, and compression are used to reduce data size of textures used in pixel correction. For example, an apparatus such as a head-mounted display may include circuitry that retrieves a compressed texture from the memory, the compressed texture being generated using various compression techniques, and decompresses the compressed texture to determine adjustment quantization values for sub-pixels based on the compressed values. The circuitry determines reconstructed brightness adjustment levels for the sub-pixels based on the adjustment quantization values, and renders an image frame based on the reconstructed brightness adjustment levels. In some embodiments, the apparatus or a separate device generates the compressed texture in a calibration and stores the texture in a memory of the apparatus for use during the pixel correction.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods and systems for calibrating a projector. The method includes displaying a plurality of calibration patterns, where the calibration patterns are displayed separately by different wavelength channel bands, e.g., red channel, blue channel, green channel. The method then includes receiving by a processing element one or more calibration images. The method then includes determining one or more displacements corresponding to a plurality of pixels in the calibration image with respect to a plurality of pixels in the calibration pattern to adjust for distortions on a per wavelength channel basis.

Abstract: A computing device is configured to generate a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows an end-user to search for particular document or documents within a large collection of documents. The GUI provides a view of the overall document collection and affords the end-user the ability to reduce the number of visual document thumbnails by means of keyword search. When the end-user identifies a candidate among the reduced number of thumbnails, the end-user may select the page view of the candidate document and conduct further review. If the selected candidate is not the target document, the end-user may select adjacent documents to seamlessly transition between reading and searching. An advantage to this approach is that the visual qualities of the documents, such as images, graphical layout, and color, among others, may be incorporated into the search process. Searching for a particular target document is, thus, expedited.

Abstract: Input video data of a video dynamic range and its input dynamic metadata is received. Input graphics data of a graphics dynamic range is received. Display identification data is received from a target display over a video interface. Interpolated dynamic metadata is generated based at least in part on (a) the input dynamic metadata, (b) the display identification data, and (c) a numeric interpolation factor, in order to operate a priority-transition mode for transitioning between a video-priority mode and a graphics-priority mode. The input video data is blended with the input graphics data based at least in part on the interpolated dynamic metadata into graphics blended video data. The graphics blended video data and the interpolated dynamic metadata is sent to the target display for rendering graphics blended images represented in the graphics blended video data.

Abstract: An adjustment method, which is adapted in a display including a plurality of pixels and a plurality of backlight illuminants, includes: inputting an image signal with a single chromaticity and luminance to the display; adjusting a set of a backlight red gray-level luminance, a backlight green gray-level luminance, and a backlight blue gray-level luminance for each of the illuminants, and the difference of the luminance of the backlight illuminants is between 0 and 10%; and adjusting a set of a pixel red gray-level value, a pixel green gray-level value, and a pixel blue gray-level value for each of the pixels, and the difference of the luminance of the pixels is between 0% and 5%.

Abstract: A method and system of perceptual quantization for providing a linear perceptual quantizing process of an Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) for converting received digital code words of a video signal into visible light having a luminosity emitted by a display, including a target contrast dependent exponential video coding providing quantized video levels, with which there is a fixed relative increment of luminosity per quantized video level, so that every quantized video level visibly has the same proportional luminosity variation.

Abstract: An image processing method for a transparent display screen, an image processing device and a display panel are provided. The image processing method comprising: collecting colors of image content displayed on the transparent display screen and colors of background transmitted through the transparent display screen; determining whether the collected colors of the background and the collected colors of the content are similar colors; and modifying the colors of the background or the colors of the content, if the collected colors of the background and the colors of the content are similar colors.

Abstract: Graphics processing systems can include lighting effects when rendering images. “Light probes” are directional representations of lighting at particular probe positions in the space of a scene which is being rendered. Light probes can be determined iteratively, which can allow them to be determined dynamically, in real-time over a sequence of frames. Once the light probes have been determined for a frame then the lighting at a pixel can be determined based on the lighting at the nearby light probe positions. Pixels can then be shaded based on the lighting determined for the pixel positions.

Abstract: A method of performing an image-adaptive tone-mapping for a display device including performing a first tone-mapping on an image frame by applying a first tone-mapping function to respective non-target display blocks, and performing a second tone-mapping on the image frame by applying a second tone-mapping function obtained by applying a local weighted value to the first tone-mapping function to respective target display blocks.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel, a light source unit and a control unit. The control unit sets a display area to a second transparent state in which a degree of transparency is higher than a degree of transparency of a first transparent state in a reset period. The control unit displays an image in an object area, sets a non-object area to the first transparent state and holds a non-rewrite area in the second transparent state in a rewrite period. The gate driver drives second gate lines at a second drive frequency higher than a first drive frequency at which the gate driver drives first gate lines or selectively drives the first gate lines in the rewrite period.

Abstract: A keyboard may include a plurality of keys, at least one light source configured to illuminate the plurality of keys, and a controller. The controller may be configured to control a color and/or an intensity of light emitted by the at least one light source based on a time of day and/or a type of an application running on a computing system receiving input from the keyboard.

Abstract: A video display device includes: a video receiver that obtains video data including a video and dynamic luminance characteristics indicating a time-dependent change in luminance characteristics of the video; a tone mapping processor that, in the case where a luminance region having a luminance less than or equal to a first luminance is defined as a low luminance region, and a luminance region having a luminance exceeding the first luminance is defined as a high luminance region, (i) performs first tone mapping using first conversion characteristics when first luminance characteristics exceed a predetermined threshold value, and (ii) performs second tone mapping using second conversion characteristics when the first luminance characteristics are less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dynamic lighting method, which includes a power supply output module of a dynamic lighting device outputs a first power supply signal according to a lighting control signal, electric parameters of the first power supply signal include one or more groups of dynamically changed electrical parameters, one or multiple lighting parts of the dynamic lighting device generate a dynamically changed light signal under driving of the first power supply signal, so that the dynamic lighting device outputs a light of dynamic illumination, a change rate of illumination of the light is not more than 0.02 during any time period of 0.1 second, and a ratio of the minimum and maximum values of the illumination of the light outputted by the dynamic lighting device is not more than 50%. The lighting method will result that the physiological structures of the eyes change with change of the light accordingly to overcome the defect that the user easily feels visual fatigue.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a method performed by a data intake and query system. The method includes ingesting data including raw data obtained over a computer network from a plurality of remote computer systems, and generating events, where each event includes a segment of the raw data and a respective timestamp. The method further includes extracting field values from at least a portion of the raw data of the events, where the field values each include a numerical value, and each numerical value is indicative of a measured characteristic of a computing device. The method further includes generating structured metrics, where each structured metric has a respective numerical value, and indexing the plurality of structured metrics.

Abstract: A touch display panel and a display device are disclosed. The touch display panel includes a plurality of touch signal lines and a plurality of data lines disposed in a display area, and a plurality of lead terminals disposed in a peripheral area. The plurality of lead terminals includes a plurality of first terminals respectively connected to the plurality of data lines and a plurality of second terminals respectively connected to the plurality of touch signal lines. The plurality of lead terminals are arranged in a matrix. The first terminals and the second terminals are provided in a row direction or a column direction so as to be consistent with the sequence in which the data lines connected to the first terminals and the touch signal lines connected to the second terminals are arranged.

Abstract: A 3D display panel assembly includes a display panel and an adjusting panel. The display panel includes a plurality of subpixels arranged in an array, any two adjacent lines along a first direction being respectively a first subpixel line and a second subpixel line, the first subpixel line including first subpixels configured to emit primary light, and the second subpixel line including second subpixels configured to display black when the first subpixel line emits the primary light. The adjusting panel includes a plurality of adjusting units arranged in an array, each line along a second direction including a plurality of continuously arranged first adjusting unit groups. A 3D display device and a method for driving the same are also provided.

Abstract: A device, system and method for photometric compensation of images provided by a display device. A display device is controlled to provide colors, the display device configured to provide images according to the colors of the display device. A camera acquires respective images of the colors provided by the display device. A per-pixel correction function for modifying image data used by the display device to provide the images is determined based on: the respective images of each of the colors acquired by the camera corrected into the HVS model using a predetermined color-relationship between the camera and a Human Visual System (HVS) model for the colors of the display device. The display device is controlled to provide the images using the image data as corrected using the per-pixel correction function.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a control method thereof are provided. The display apparatus may include a memory configured to store data related to a background image of an area behind the display apparatus, a display configured to display content by overlaying the content onto the background image, a sensor configured to generate sensing data related to external light that is ambient to the display apparatus, and a processor configured to perform image-processing of at least one of the background image and the content, based on a type of the content and the sensing data.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in matrix, each sub-pixels is an eight domains structure; in a frame image, the data signals of the sub-pixels in two adjacent columns have opposite polarities, and in two adjacent frame images, the data signals of the same sub-pixel have opposite polarities; each two adjacent sub-pixels in a row direction are a sub-pixel group, in two adjacent sub-pixel groups, the sub-pixels in one sub-pixel group display a brightness of a first display gray scale corresponding to the sub-pixels, the sub-pixels in another sub-pixel group display a brightness of a second display gray scale corresponding to the sub-pixels; by performing the color shift compensation process on the data signals of the sub-pixels in the eight-domain structure, the color viewing angle and the viewing experience of the liquid crystal display device could be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an array substrate, a display panel and a method of driving the display panel. The array substrate includes: a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array and each including a plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of gate lines extending in a first direction; and a plurality of data lines extending in a second direction crossing the first direction. Each of the pixel units is connected to one of the data lines, and the sub-pixels of the each of the pixel units are distributed on both sides of the one data line; and each of the pixel units is connected to three of the gate lines, and any one of the sub-pixels of the each of the pixel units is connected to one of the three gate lines.

Abstract: Techniques related to graphics rendering including techniques for compression and/or decompression of graphics data by use of indexed subsets are described. In one example, compression in graphics rendering may include determining a plurality of color values associated with individual pixels of a tile of pixels, generating a subset of the plurality of color values such that the subset of the plurality of color values include one or more distinct color values from the plurality of color values, associating an index value with each color value of the subset of the plurality of color values, determining, for each of the individual pixels, an associated pixel index value to generate a plurality of pixel index value associated with the individual pixels of the tile of pixels, storing, in memory, graphics data including the subset of the plurality of color values, the associated index values, and the plurality of pixel values.

Abstract: A smartphone in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a control section capable of generating an output image by adjusting a gradation value of each pixel of an input image with use of specialized gradation change characteristics. In the specialized gradation change characteristics, (i) a gradation change rate is substantially constant in a low gradation region and a high gradation region, (ii) in a first side of an intermediate gradation region selected from (a) a low-gradation-region side and (b) a high-gradation-region side, the gradation change rate is lower than in the low gradation region and lower than in the high gradation region, and (iii) in a second side of the intermediate gradation region selected from (a) the low-gradation-region side and (b) the high-gradation-region side, the second side differing from the first side, the gradation change rate is higher than in the low gradation region and higher than in the high gradation region.

Abstract: A computerized method for displaying matches of a paint sample to various proposed paint coatings includes receiving one or more coating texture variables of a target coating from a coating-measurement instrument. The method also includes displaying, on a digital display device, effect texture ratings for multiple respective proposed coating matches on a digital display device, wherein the effect texture ratings indicate a similarity between the one or more coating texture variables of the target coating and respective coating textures variables of each of the respective proposed coating matches. In addition, the method includes ordering the proposed coating matches, wherein the ordering indicates a strength in similarity between the target coating and each of the proposed coating matches with respect to the effect texture ratings.

Abstract: A mobile terminal including a wireless communication processor configured to provide wireless communication; a touch screen; and a controller configured to display a first content containing an input field region on the touch screen, display a virtual keypad on the first content for inputting information into the input field, in response to a first touch input applied to the virtual keypad exceeding a reference pressure, increase a transparency of the displayed virtual keypad so as to display a screen layered below the virtual keypad, and in response to a second touch input applied to the screen, limit an input of a control command to a key of the virtual keypad and control the displayed screen based on the second touch input.

Abstract: Image interpolation methods for interpolating a destination pixel of a destination image by using a plurality of source pixels of a source image are provided. The method includes the steps of: selecting the plurality of source pixels from the source image corresponding to the destination pixel; obtaining a gradient direction and a gradient magnitude according to the plurality o source pixels; determining a weight corresponding to each of the plurality of source pixels according to the gradient direction and the gradient magnitude; and performing an interpolation operation according to pixel values of the plurality of source pixels and the weight corresponding to each of the plurality of source pixels to obtain a pixel value of the destination pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a projector for adjusting a projected image. The method may include steps of: photographing a coverage status of the projected image on a projection plane to obtain a photographed image; detecting the photographed image according to a preset boundary detection algorithm to determine a boundary condition within the projected image in the photographed image; and adjusting, according to the boundary condition within the projected image in the photographed image, the coverage status of the projected image on the projection plane by controlling an adjusting motor in the projector until the adjusted coverage status of the projected image on the projection plane is adapted to the projection plane.

Abstract: A better rate distortion ratio is achieved by making interrelationships between coding parameters of different planes available for exploitation for the aim of redundancy reduction despite the additional overhead resulting from the need to signal the inter-plane prediction information to the decoder. In particular, the decision to use inter plane prediction or not may be performed for a plurality of planes individually. Additionally or alternatively, the decision may be done on a block basis considering one secondary plane.

Abstract: A display switching device, switching method, wearable display device and displaying method are disclosed. The display switching device includes a collector configured to operate in an enable mode for enabling a wearable display device to acquire entity information or a disable mode for disabling the wearable display device to acquire entity information, and a first controller configured to determine display switch of the wearable display device based on an operation mode of the collector. The wearable display device displays an AR image based on the entity information when the collector operates in the enable mode, and the wearable display device displays a VR image when the collector operates in the disable mode. The wearable display device includes the display switching device.

Abstract: A method to provide a user interface (UI) includes the UI, the present general inventive concept provides the UI to specify a certain region of an image to be photographed and to display a menu for an image displayed on a specified region.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a method performed by a data intake and query system. The method includes populating each metric including a measure value, cataloging metadata in an in-memory metrics catalog, where the metadata is related to the metrics. The method further includes receiving a search query including search criteria, evaluating the search query by applying the search criteria to the metadata of the metrics catalog to obtain results that satisfy the search criteria, and causing display, on a display device, of the results or data indicative of the results.

Abstract: Systems and methods of operating a human-machine interface (HMI) with a graphical user interface (GUI). A color spectrum is displayed along with a topic. A selection of a point on the color spectrum is received, and associated in a memory with the displayed topic. A data record is stored indicating a sentiment associated with the topic. The sentiment includes an intensity level and an emotion level. The intensity level is one of multiple intensity levels that change along a first dimension of the color spectrum, and the emotion level is one of multiple emotion levels that change along a second dimension of the color spectrum.