Abstract: A scanning device includes a transparent platen which receives a sheet to be scanned. A backing assembly is spaced from the platen by the sheet during scanning. The backing assembly includes a backing plate of a fixed color and an electrochromic layer intermediate the backing plate and the platen. The electrochromic layer has a first state in which the electrochromic layer is opaque and has a different color from the fixed color, and a second state, in which the electrochromic layer is transparent to expose the backing plate through it. A sensor is positioned to acquire an image of the sheet based on light passing through the platen. A controller selectively applies a voltage across the electrochromic layer to change the electrochromic layer between the first and second states.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a display device of which image display can be favorably recognized. Another object is to provide a manufacturing method of the display device with high productivity. Over a substrate, a pixel electrode that reflects incident light through a liquid crystal layer, a light-transmitting pixel electrode, and a structure whose side surface is covered with a reflective layer and which is positioned to overlap with the light-transmitting pixel electrode are provided. The structure is formed over a light-transmitting etching-stop layer, and the etching-stop layer remains below the structure as a light-transmitting layer.

Abstract: To provide a method of manufacturing an optical film formed on a plastic substrate. There is provided a method of manufacturing an optical film including the steps of laminating a separation layer and an optical filter on a first substrate, separating the optical filter from the first substrate, attaching the optical filter to a second substrate. Since the optical film manufactured according to the invention has flexibility, it can be provided on a portion or a display device having a curved surface. Further, the optical film is not processed at high temperatures, and hence, an optical film having high yield with high reliability can be formed. Furthermore, an optical film having an excellent impact resistance property can be formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed in opposition. The first substrate includes gate lines, data lines, pixel electrodes, and an insulating film being superimposed, in plan view, over the gate lines, the data lines, and the pixel electrodes. The second substrate includes a first colored portion transmitting light of a first color, a second colored portion transmitting light of a second color, and a light-shielding portion disposed in a boundary area between the first colored portion and the second colored portion, for blocking transmittance of light of the first color and light of the second color. The insulating film includes a first portion overlapping, in plan view, the first colored portion or the second colored portion, and a second portion overlapping, in plan view, the light-shielding portion and being of thicker film thickness than the first portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell device with combined energy conversion and lighting option and a method a controlling such a device. It comprises a responsive element, a reflector or a light source for changing light absorption and thus appearance of photovoltaic cells (e.g. solar panel). It is also possible to combine the responsive element or the reflector with light source(s) providing extra illumination. When combined with a sensor and control unit, ambient intelligent solar panels and ambient intelligent lighting systems can be obtained. A combination of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) and light-emitting device is also possible, where an energy storage device is charged by a photovoltaic cell upon irradiation. The energy storage powers one or more light sources which are coupled to the sides of the luminescent plate. The light emitted by the light sources is coupled into the plate and (partly) converted by the luminescent plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a backlight unit, and a capturing unit. The display panel includes a polarizing plate having a first polarizing axis parallel to a first direction, an isotropic diffuser including an anisotropic region having a transmission axis parallel to the first direction and a diffusing axis parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the polarizing plate and the anisotropic diffuser. The backlight unit is disposed at a rear side of the anisotropic diffuser and generates a first light linearly polarized in the second direction. The capturing unit is disposed at a rear side of the anisotropic region and captures an image of a subject at a front side of the display panel.

Abstract: A display device includes: a curved display panel; at least one light source module configured to provide light to the display panel; a bottom case configured to accommodate the light source module; and at least one signal transmission unit connected to an end portion of the light source module, the signal transmission unit including at least one driving line transmitting a driving signal to the light source module and at least one base line transmitting a base signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates disposed to be opposed to each other; a liquid crystal layer held between the first and second substrates, formed of a p-type liquid crystal material, and configured to take a vertical alignment in a state in which no electric field is applied; one or a plurality of linear pixel electrodes provided on the first substrate; a first common electrode provided on the first substrate, and formed in a manner to surround or sandwich the pixel electrode with a predetermined spacing; and a second common electrode provided on the second substrate, having substantially the same planar shape as the first common electrode, and formed such that at least a part of the second common electrode overlaps the first common electrode in planar projection.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member and a backlight unit, where the display member includes a base substrate, a cover layer that is on the base substrate, extends in a first direction, and includes a plurality of portions defining a first cavity and a second cavity that are spaced apart from the base substrate and adjacent to each other in the first direction, a first display element and a second display element that respectively correspond to the first cavity and the second cavity, a color conversion filter that is disposed on the cover layer, and includes a first filter which overlaps the first cavity and converts incident light into a first color light, and a second filter which overlaps the second cavity and converts incident light into a second color light, and an optical member which is disposed between the color conversion filter and the cover layer.

Abstract: A glasses-free 3D liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate, a plurality of data lines disposed horizontally and a plurality of gate lines disposed vertically on the array substrate, a plurality of pixel units defined by the data lines and the gate lines. A pixel unit includes a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel that are horizontally disposed and adjacent to each other. The data line is a periodically varying flexuous line extending horizontally, in addition, or alternatively, the gate line is a periodically varying flexuous line extending vertically. The display device reduces the unevenness of moire fringes.

Abstract: A reflective LCD panel includes a first and second substrates spaced apart from each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, a common electrode layer disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, a scattering layer disposed on the side of the common electrode layer facing the liquid crystal layer, a specular reflector disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. The present invention also proposes a display device. Through this arrangement, the light inputted from the first substrate and common electrode layer scatters when passing through the scattering layer, and produces specular reflection when it further inputted into the specular reflector through the liquid crystal layer. The present invention delivers diffuse reflection effect through the scattering layer and specular reflector, effectively lowering the production cost.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a first polarizing plate having a first polarizing axis substantially parallel to a first direction, a backlight unit which generates a light, a diffusion plate interposed between the first polarizing plate and the backlight unit, the diffusion plate includes an anisotropic area having a transmission axis substantially parallel to the first direction and a diffusion axis substantially perpendicular to a second direction, where the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and a photographic unit interposed between the anisotropic area and the backlight unit, where the photographic unit captures an image of an object transmitted to the photographic unit through the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display module, which comprises a bottom substrate, one or more reflective member, an array bump-structure layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a top substrate. The array bump-structure layer comprises one or more first bump region and one or mode second bump region. The second bump region is disposed on the reflective member correspondingly. By using the reflective member, the problem of complicated fabrication of the array bump layer having a plurality of sloping angles according to the prior art can be avoided.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a reflecting surface is attached to a portion, which overlaps with a periphery portion of a light guiding plate where the light incident section is position in a surface on the light guiding plate side in the dispersing sheet which is positioned farthest to the light guiding plate side among a plurality of optical sheets which are positioned between the light guiding plate and a liquid crystal panel. As a result, light which is emitted from the periphery portion of the light guiding plate is returned into the light guiding plate by being reflected by the reflecting surface, and after this, is emitted as illumination light from a light emitting surface while progressing within the light guiding plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) includes: a substrate on which a pixel region is defined; and a pixel electrode which is disposed in the pixel region on the substrate. The pixel electrode includes: a plurality of unit pixel electrodes which are arranged substantially in a matrix form; and a connecting electrode which connects the unit pixel electrodes to each other. Neighboring unit pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a column direction are separated from each other by a first in-between area extending along a row direction, neighboring unit pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the row direction are separated from each other by a second in-between area extending along the column direction, and the connecting electrode is disposed in a region in which corners of the unit pixel electrodes face each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having an alignment layer stopper which is formed external to a display area to suppress the generation of an electric field between signal lines and the alignment layer stopper, wherein the alignment layer stopper includes a second conductive layer SP formed above the first substrate when the alignment layer stopper is formed by coating and a first conductive layer SH formed below the second conductive layer SP through an insulating film and arranged in such a manner that its marginal parts in the longitudinal direction of the second conductive layer SP are exposed when viewed from the plane direction from the second conductive layer SP, and the first conductive layer SH is formed in a thin film layer between signal lines arranged in the side parts of the display area and the second conductive layer SP.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an array substrate, a display panel and a display device. The array substrate comprises a pixel electrode layer. The pixel electrode layer comprises a first pixel electrode layer, a second pixel electrode layer and an insulation layer (104) provided between the first pixel electrode layer and the second pixel electrode layer, the insulation layer (104) insulates the first pixel electrode layer from the second pixel electrode layer, and a pixel electrode (1031) of the first pixel electrode layer and a pixel electrode (1032) of the second pixel electrode layer are alternately arranged.

Abstract: A pressure detection and display apparatus can provide good visibility even if a person wears polarized sunglasses. The pressure detection and display apparatus includes a piezoelectric sensor having upper electrode, lower electrode, and a piezoelectric layer interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, a polarization plate disposed under the lower electrode, and a display member disposed under the polarization plate. The piezoelectric layer is made of a retardation plate. The piezoelectric sensor and the polarization plate are arranged such that the absorption axis of the piezoelectric layer defines an angle of 20 degrees to 70 degrees relative to the slow phase axis of the polarization plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first liquid crystal alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first substrate, and a second liquid crystal alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, wherein at least one of the first liquid crystal alignment layer and the second liquid crystal alignment layer includes a reactive mesogen.

Abstract: An optical filter comprising a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layer, a second DBR layer, and an intrinsic semiconductor layer positioned between the first DBR layer and the second DBR layer, with the intrinsic semiconductor layer providing a passband wavelength for the optical filter based on a carrier density of the intrinsic semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, which comprises: a backlight source (1); a first handedness cholesteric liquid crystal film layer (2), located at an upper side of the backlight source (1) as a light emitting surface; an array substrate (3), located at an upper side of the first handedness cholesteric liquid crystal film layer (2); a color filter substrate (5), located at an upper side of the array substrate (3); and a second handedness cholesteric liquid crystal layer (4), sandwiched between the array substrate (3) and the color filter substrate (5), the first handedness being opposite to the second handedness. The liquid crystal display device greatly improves light efficiency and transmittance of the display and saves the processing steps and manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing the TFT array substrate includes steps of: forming a first electrically conductive layer on the substrate, the first electrically conductive layer including a first electrically conductive pattern and a first signal line connected electrically to the first electrically conductive pattern located in a pixel region, and a first lead wire connected electrically to the first signal line; forming an insulation layer on the substrate formed with the first electrically conductive layer, the insulation layer including a first via-hole through which the first lead wire is exposed; and forming a second electrically conductive film on the substrate formed with the insulation layer, the second electrically conductive film being connected electrically to the first lead wire through the first via-hole in the insulation layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a light guide plate thereof. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device, including: a display panel configured to output an image to a front surface of the display device; a light source array arranged along at least one edge of the display device to output light; and a light guide plate arranged behind the display panel to guide light incident upon a side surface facing the edge from the light source array so that the light is projected through a front surface toward the display panel.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a backplane, a mold frame, a light guide plate, and an optic film. The optic film includes a first layer and a second layer stacked on the first layer and including a constraint portion including an extension section, a connection section, and a support section parallel with and opposite to the extension section. The connection section connects between the support section and the extension section. The extension section extends from an end of the second layer. The optic film is stacked on the light guide plate with the first layer engaging the light guide plate. The mold frame surrounds the light guide plate and the first layer and is received in the backplane. The connection section is located outside opposite sides of the backplane. The mold frame and the opposite sides of the backplane are received and retained between the support section and the extension section.

Abstract: New optic control systems are provided that manage user or environmental factors impacting viewing experiences. In some aspects of the invention, a variably, directionally shadable screen and actuating system is provided, which prevents and limits problematic glare for an observation point. In other aspects of the invention, a matrix of specialized pixels creates variably-directed light from a plurality of angle-directable, shiftable sources, which aids in creating virtual, 3-D objects of greater realism than conventional 3-D imaging methods and aid in reducing the appearance of distracting interceding objects (e.g., finger blocking a touch screen). In these aspects, existing images and objects viewed through a screen may be enhanced and overlaid with effects, and shifted in perspective, and demonstrative information related to images and objects and an environment. In other aspects of the invention, driving enhancement, and semi-autonomous driving systems and displays are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device. By designing the electrode structure of the transmission region and the reflection region, the present invention can achieve a transflective display effect, enlarging display view, increasing contrast ratio, and realizing a single cell gap structure.

Abstract: A semi-transmissive display apparatus including: a reflective electrode provided for each pixel, wherein the semi-transmissive display apparatus performs reflective display operation by using the reflective electrodes and transmissive display operation by using spaces between the reflective electrodes of the pixels.

Abstract: Provided are a light guide plate, and a backlight unit and a display device including the same. The light guide plate includes a body including a light output surface configured to output light, a reflective surface provided opposite the light output surface, and side surfaces provided between the light output surface and the reflective surface; and a plurality of dot pattern formed on a surface of the reflective surface, and the dot pattern includes a central embossed portion protruding to the outside of the reflective surface, a concave portion having a ring shape which surrounds the central embossed portion and recessed and formed in the reflective surface, and an outer embossed portion formed on an outer circumference surface of the concave portion and configured to protrude to the outside of the reflective surface.

Abstract: A lighting glazing includes a first sheet of glass of refractive index n1 with a first main face, a second main face and a rim; a transparent polymer film in adhesive contact with the second main face of the first sheet, the film having a refractive index n2<n1; a light source positioned facing the rim of the first sheet of glass, wherein an area of the second main face of the first sheet of glass is provided with a reflecting relief or else is covered with a transparent flat structure, of refractive index n3 greater than or equal to n1, provided with a reflecting relief.

Abstract: The embodiment of the present invention discloses a transflective liquid crystal panel, a method of manufacturing the transflective liquid crystal panel, a transflective display device, and a method of controlling displaying of the transflective display device to solve the technical problems that the process for fabricating the reflection layer is complicated, the metal film of the reflection layer will cause electrostatic charges to be accumulated, and the surface of the reflection layer has an uneven concavo-convex shape so that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the reflection region is adversely affected. The transflective liquid crystal panel comprises pixel units arranged in a matrix, a transmission region and a reflection region disposed in each pixel unit, and a reflection layer disposed in the reflection region. The reflection layer includes an electronic ink layer.

Abstract: A mirror for a mobile device, the mirror configured as a flexible multilayered laminate electrostatically and removably adhered to a viewing screen or other smooth surface of the mobile device. The laminate has at least one reflective layer adhered to an optically transparent bottom layer made of a plastic-silicone material and the laminate includes a middle switchable film layer that when current is applied becomes optically opaque, allowing a split screen use of the viewing screen. For instance, when current is applied to the laminate, half of the viewing screen is a mirror and the other half allows use of software and other features of the mobile device.

Abstract: Warpage deformation which is caused when substrates having mutually different linear expansion coefficients are bonded to sandwich a display functional layer is suppressed. A display device has a first substrate, a second substrate bonded to the first substrate so as to be opposed to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer serving as a display functional layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Also, a first linear expansion coefficient of the first substrate provided in the display device is larger than a second linear expansion coefficient of the second substrate, and a first thickness of the first substrate is larger than a second thickness of the second substrate.

Abstract: A reflective display apparatus includes a reflective display panel, a light guide plate, an elastic ring, a light permeable liquid and a holding device. The elastic ring is sandwiched between the reflective display panel and the light guide plate, and it spaces the reflective display panel and the light guide plate apart defines a space between the reflective display panel and the light guide plate. The light permeable liquid is located in the space. The holding device holds the reflective display panel and the light guide plate, thereby pressing against the elastic ring and making the elastic ring deform.

Abstract: An edge narrowing method for a display panel is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing the display panel, a grinding apparatus and a polishing apparatus; tilting the display panel so that the first substrate and a grinding member of the grinding apparatus have a first grinding angle therebetween; grinding the first substrate and the light-shielding area with the grinding apparatus while the display panel is tilted at the first grinding angle, thereby forming a first grinding end surface; stopping grinding of the first substrate and the light-shielding area when the width of the light-shielding area is between 0.35 and 1 mm; and polishing the first grinding end surface with the polishing apparatus to form a first end surface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light guide plate fixed to a back plate. The back plate has a plurality of fixing portions. The light guide plate includes a light incident surface, a reflective surface connected with the light incident surface, and a light output surface opposite to the reflective surface and connected with the light incident surface. The light output surface includes a main body and a plurality of locating portions mounted on the main body. The locating portions correspond to the fixing portions. The locating portions mate with the corresponding fixing portions thereby fixing the light guide plate to the back plate. A blank area is formed on the main body at each location where each of the locating portions mating with the corresponding fixing portion. A plurality of microstructures are formed on the rest area excluding the blank areas in the main body.

Abstract: A method according to embodiments of the invention includes providing a wafer of semiconductor light emitting devices, each semiconductor light emitting device including a light emitting layer sandwiched between an n-type region and a p-type region. A wafer of support substrates is provided, each support substrate including a body. The wafer of semiconductor light emitting devices is bonded to the wafer of support substrates. Vias are formed extending through the entire thickness of the body of each support substrate.

Abstract: A first polarizing plate having a polarization axis in a first direction, a second polarizing plate having a polarization axis in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, a plurality of first structure bodies provided for the first substrate, a plurality of second structure bodies provided for the first substrate, a first electrode layer covering top surfaces and side surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies, a second electrode layer covering top surfaces and side surfaces of the plurality of second structure bodies, and a third electrode layer that is provided for a second substrate and overlaps at least partly with the second electrode layer are provided. The side surfaces of the first structure bodies and the side surfaces of the second structure bodies are parallel to the first direction or the second direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a liquid crystal display panel. The array substrate includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit comprising a reflection region and a transmission region, and for any pixel unit, the array substrate comprising a substrate; a thin film transistor provided on the substrate; and a reflection electrode and a first transparent electrode which are electrically connected with each other, the reflection electrode being located in the reflection region, and the first transparent electrode being located in the transmission region, wherein a first transparent insulation layer is provided between the reflection electrode and the first transparent electrode, and the reflection electrode is on a side of the first transparent insulation layer which is closer to the substrate.

Abstract: A transparent stereo display includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a common electrode, a display medium, and a patterned phase retardation film. A plurality of pixel structures is disposed on the first substrate. The pixel structures include a plurality of right eye pixel structures and left eye pixel structures. Each pixel structure includes a display region, a first region, and a second region. The patterned phase retardation film includes right eye polarized patterns and left eye polarized patterns. The right eye polarized patterns are disposed corresponding to the right eye pixel structures, and the left eye polarized patterns are disposed corresponding to the left eye polarized patterns. An edge of each right eye polarized pattern overlaps with the second region of the corresponding right eye pixel structure. An edge of each left eye polarized pattern overlaps with the second region of the corresponding left eye pixel structure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transparent OLED device, which comprises a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprising an organic functional layer, a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode being disposed on both sides of the organic functional layer, a reflective electrode being disposed on one side of the organic functional layer, the area of the reflective electrode being less than that of the organic functional layer. With regard to the transparent OLED device, by providing a reflective electrode, a combination of a light-emitting device over a microdomain is combined with a transparent light-emitting device, such that the luminance on both sides of a transparent OLED device can be respectively adjusted to be the same or different as required. The present invention can be applied to the field of transparent illumination or display.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mirror display which prevents the boundary line between a frame region and a display region from being observed in a mirror mode and which thus has improved design quality. The mirror display of the present invention includes a half mirror plate including a half mirror layer, and a display device disposed behind the half mirror plate, the display device including a display panel and a frame component that supports a peripheral portion of the display panel, and the mirror display including a reflectance adjuster that makes equal the reflectance in a display region where the half mirror layer and the display panel face each other and the reflectance in a frame region where the half mirror layer and the frame component face each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light guide plate, and a backlight unit and display device including the same. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light guide plate, including: a light output surface configured to output light toward the outside; a reflective surface positioned at the opposite side of the light output surface; a light incident surface provided on at least one side surface among the side surfaces connecting the light output surface to the reflective surface to receive light irradiated from a light source; and a reflective pattern having a quadrilateral shape when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the reflective surface, and having a concave portion recessed toward an inner portion of the reflective surface and an embossed portion protruding from an edge of the concave portion toward an outer portion of the reflective surface.

Abstract: A structured light generation device includes a first surface structure and a second surface structure, which are opposed to each other. The first surface structure includes a diffractive optical element. The second surface structure includes a lenticular lens structure. By the diffractive optical element, an incident dot beam is processed into plural dot beams with different sizes and different brightness values. By the lenticular lens structure, the each dot beam is expanded to a linear beam. After the single dot beam is processed by the structured light generation device, a structured light is generated. The structured light generation device can be applied to a projection system with a 3D gesture sensing control or detection device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate, the pixel electrode including a cross stem and a plurality of minute branches extending from the cross stem. The cross stem includes a horizontal stem and a vertical stem crossing the horizontal stem. The liquid crystal display device further includes a second substrate facing the first substrate, a common electrode disposed on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each of the minute branches includes a first side forming an angle of about 45° with the horizontal stem and a second side forming an angle of less than about 45° with the horizontal stem.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of designing a random pattern, an apparatus for designing a random pattern and an optical substrate including a random pattern according to the same method. The method includes setting a plurality of unit valid pattern regions in a pattern design region; forming a random point coordinate in the unit valid pattern region; and connecting the random point coordinate in the unit valid pattern region to other random point coordinates adjacent to the random point coordinate in a first direction or a second direction.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes a substrate, gate lines, each including a gate pad, a gate insulating layer, data lines, each including a data pad connected to a source and drain electrode, a first passivation layer disposed on the data lines and the drain electrode, a first electric field generating electrode, a second passivation layer disposed on the first electric field generating electrode, and a second electric field generating electrode. The gate insulating layer and the first and second passivation layers include a first contact hole exposing a part of the gate pad, the first and second passivation layers include a second contact hole exposing a part of the data pad, and at least one of the first and second contact holes have a positive taper structure having a wider area at an upper side than at a lower side.

Abstract: A display device is provided with: a display module that is provided with a first display region and a second display region; an optical member that faces the second display region, and that has a transmissive mirror portion; and a positioning member. The display module and the optical member respectively have end faces in contact with the positioning member, and end faces as free ends.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image display device includes a display panel including an upper substrate and a lower substrate, the lower substrate having a pixel array area overlapped with the upper substrate and a pad area formed on at least one side of the lower substrate outside the pixel array area, wherein the display panel displays a left eye image and a right eye image; and a patterned retarder attached to the display panel and having retarder patterns to apply first and second polarizations to light from the display panel corresponding to the left eye image and the right eye image, respectively, wherein the pad area includes a first area in which data pads extending from data lines of the pixel array area are formed, and a second area in which gate pads extending from gate lines of the pixel array area are formed, and wherein the first area is exposed when the display panel and the patterned retarder are attached.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent an influence of voltage drop due to wiring resistance, trouble in writing of a signal into a pixel, and trouble in gray scales, and provide a display device with higher definition, represented by an EL display device and a liquid crystal display device. In the present invention, a wiring including Cu is provided as an electrode or a wiring used for the display device represented by the EL display device and the liquid crystal display device. Besides, sputtering is performed with a mask to form the wiring including Cu. With such structure, it is possible to reduce the voltage drop and a deadened signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a phase device operating at at least one wavelength (?) comprising a cell containing a liquid crystal possessing a helical structure, inserted between two alignment layers possessing rubbing axes and means for applying a voltage to said cell, said helical structure exhibits a number of helical turns k, said liquid crystal exhibiting a defined angle of twist ? between the rubbing axes of the two alignment layers, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: —the determination of a compensation angle ? satisfying the following equation: (formula) with: N the integer closest to (formula) the angle of twist ?=2K????n: the birefringence of the liquid crystal; d: the thickness of the liquid crystal cell; ?: the wavelength of the light beam which passes through the liquid crystal cell; the rubbing of one of the faces in a direction of alignment of said liquid crystal molecules, defining the angle of twist: ?=2K???.