Abstract: Exemplary embodiments enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments that accommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. Customized optical elements associated with an authorized current user are incorporated with the direct-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil. Possible replacement optical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing optical device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioning and/or transformation of replaceable corrective optical elements responsive to a detected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user. Replaceable interchangeable corrective optical elements may be fabricated for current usage or retained in inventory for possible future usage in designated direct-viewing optical devices.

Abstract: An eye patch includes a single layer substrate comprising a sheet of material having a first region and a second region. An outer edge extends around the substrate and a slit extends through the substrate so as to form a first flap and a second flap. A first adhesive portion is applied to the substrate near the first region such that the first and second flaps each receive part of the first adhesive portion. A second adhesive portion is applied to the substrate near the second region, and the second adhesive portion is discontinuous with the first adhesive portion. The first and second flaps are configured to be placed into an overlapping arrangement and adhered together by the first adhesive portion to give the eye patch a generally cupped shape. The first and second adhesive portions provide two locations for adhering the eye patch a patient's face.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for determining a set of analytical or numerical polynomials that is orthonormal over circular or noncircular pupils are described. Closed-form orthonormal polynomials for circular, annular, hexagonal, elliptical, rectangular, and square pupils are derived. Such techniques can be applied to ray tracing as in the optical design and wavefront fitting from measurement as in the optical testing. These approaches can also be applied to wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics.

Abstract: A new vision test, incorporating textual and non-textual elements in an image, is configured to demonstrate the effects of low cylinder astigmatism and other sources of blur on visual quality. The elements are designed to be noticeable, relevant, important and engaging. The new vision test may be utilized to supplement conventional vision testing.

Abstract: A system measures macular pigment of a macula of a human eye of a subject. The system comprises a light source having a first light and a second light that modulate at variable frequencies, an input device for receiving an input indicating the frequency at which the user perceives the modulation of the first light and a second light, a display device, at least one processor, and one or more memory devices. The one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the system to (i) display, on the display device, test data corresponding to the user's inputs from the input device, (ii) determine whether the test data are valid or invalid through a curve-fitting algorithm, (iii) automatically indicate that the test data are valid or invalid.

Abstract: A viewing target for a visual acuity and refraction measurement includes at least one line comprising a width dimension that is below a resolution limit width (hereinafter “RLW”) of a test subject visual acuity, and an adjustable length dimension that is initially set at greater than the RLW of the test subject visual acuity. A base, at least approximately intersecting the line, has a thickness along the direction of the length of the line that is greater than the RLW of the test subject visual acuity. The length dimension of the line is adjustable in increments small enough to effectively approximate the visual acuity of the test subject by determining a shortest resolvable line and a next smaller line that is not resolvable by the test subject.

Abstract: Medical tests and examinations are performed with consumer computing devices. The medical tests and examinations are selected and customized in accordance with conditions present in the testing environment, as well as physical characteristics of a user taking the test. The tests can include visual acuity tests, colorblindness tests and other medical tests, such as hearing tests.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods employing ocular surface interferometry (OSI) employing polarization and subtraction for imaging, processing, and/or displaying an ocular tear film are disclosed. The apparatuses and methods can be employed for measuring tear film layer thickness (TFLT) of the ocular tear film, which includes lipid layer thickness (LLT) and/or aqueous layer thickness (ALT). An imaging device is focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture optical wave interference interactions of specularly reflected light from the tear film combined with a background signal(s) in a first image. The imaging device is focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture a second image containing background signal(s) in the first image. The second image can be subtracted from the first image to reduce and/or eliminate background signal(s) in the first image to produce a resulting image that can be analyzed to measure tear film layer thickness (TFLT).

Abstract: The invention relates to a stereovision optometry apparatus comprising: a 3D display unit for displaying 3D image; a reference 2D display unit for displaying reference 2D image; an eyepiece in opposite side of the 2D display unit configured to view the images; a reflective mirror in opposite side of the 3D display unit configured to move toward and away from the 3D display unit; and a half mirror arranged between the 3D display and the reflective mirror and disposed at a point where propagation paths of the 2D image and the 3D image intersect; wherein the 2D image penetrates through the half mirror to reach the eyepiece; wherein the 3D image penetrates the half mirror to be reflected on the reflective mirror and then the reflected image is reflected on the half mirror to reach the eyepiece.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improved method for photobleaching an eye of a subject. The disclosed method may be used in a number of psychophysical test methods, including, but not limited to, measurement of dark adaptation. The improved method for photobleaching involves at least one of the following improvements: (i) the use of a bleaching light emitting a particular wavelength of light or a tailored spectrum of wavelengths; (ii) restricting or otherwise spatially tailoring the region of the retina that is subject to photobleaching; and (iii) utilizing a bleaching light having an intensity that is at or below the intensity of ambient daylight. The present disclosure additionally provides a combination of a photobleaching light and an apparatus to administer a psychophysical test suitable for use in practicing the disclosed methods.

Abstract: Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for measuring a tear film layer thickness (TFLT) of the ocular tear film, including the lipid layer thickness (LLT) and/or the aqueous layer thickness (ALT). The TFLT can be used to diagnose dry eye syndrome (DES). Certain embodiments also include ocular topography devices, systems and methods for deducing corneal shape by capturing an image of a target reflecting from the surface of the cornea. The image of the target contains topography information that is reviewable by a clinician to diagnose the health of the patient's eye by detecting corneal aberrations and/or abnormalities in corneal shape. Certain embodiments also include a combination of the OSI and ocular topography devices, systems and methods to provide imaging that can be used to yield a combined diagnosis of the patient's tear film and corneal shape.

Abstract: A system measures macular pigment of a macula of a human eye of a subject. The system comprises a light source having a first light and a second light that modulate at variable frequencies, an input device for receiving an input indicating the frequency at which the user perceives the modulation of the first light and a second light, a display device, at least one processor, and one or more memory devices. The one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the system to (i) display, on the display device, test data corresponding to the user's inputs from the input device, (ii) determine whether the test data are valid or invalid through a curve-fitting algorithm, (iii) automatically indicate that the test data are valid or invalid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an instrument for simulation of multifocal ophthalmic corrections, comprising two optical channels with different optical power values in the beams coming from the object observed, wherein at least one channel comprises a Badal system. This instrument simultaneously provides images of objects near and far focused. The system provides the same optical magnifications for each channel, regardless of the optical power thereof, and produces superimposed retinal images with different degrees of focus which, unlike other devices, are all of the same size. The instrument allows simulating different optical powers for near vision and different refractive corrections for distant vision.

Abstract: An indicating device (10, 100) for indicating the ametropia progression of a wearer over a predetermined period of time according to at least the type of ophthalmic lens the wearer may use. The device comprises first (12, 120) and second (14, 140) members connected together in a moveable manner. The first member (12, 120) has a first field (22, 220) including a plurality of values of input data and a second field (24, 240) including a plurality of values of output data representative of the ametropia of a wearer. The second member (14, 140) has at least a selection mean (40, 400) and an indication mean. The selection means (40, 400) is arranged to select among movement of the second member (14, 140) a value of the input data corresponding to a wearer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and kit for testing visual acuity in a subject. The examiner displays a test thread at a set distance in front of the subject's face, and then determines whether the subject grabs or looks at the test thread. These steps are repeated using subsequent threads of varying thickness. The smallest thread to which the subject responds is charted as their best VA in standard notation. The visual acuity of a young child can be quantified using standard adult Snellen acuity levels. The device can be used worldwide, as it transcends language barriers, and in a variety of practice settings, including pediatric ophthalmologist offices, general ophthalmologist offices, optometric offices, pediatricians and family doctors who see young children or persons unable to read a conventional Snellen chart and/or verbalize their responses.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flicker threshold measurement device including: an arithmetic processing unit 1; a display unit 8 with a fixed refresh rate; and an operation unit 9, wherein: the arithmetic processing unit 1 displays an image on the display unit 8 in an ON/OFF manner; the arithmetic processing unit 1 changes the display timing by monotonously increasing or decreasing the number of OFF periods per second; the arithmetic processing unit 1 monotonously increases or decreases at least one of: the number of OFF pixels in the image, the size of the image, and the contrast of the OFF pixels, during a period in which the display timing is not changed; each of the OFF periods is a reciprocal of the refresh rate; and the arithmetic processing unit 1 determines the number of OFF periods when a test subject 10 operates the operation unit 9 as he/she starts or stops perceiving flicker, as information corresponding to a flicker threshold.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring a characteristic reading distance of an individual in a natural posture for near vision, includes a movable reading medium presenting a plane display portion suitable for displaying signs and a measurement subassembly including at least one ultrasound emitter member and at least one ultrasound receiver member. The emitter and receiver members are carried by the reading medium, and at least one of the members, referred to as the first measurement member possesses a measurement axis along which emission or reception by the first measurement member is privileged and that is inclined relative to the plane of the display portion by an angle lying in the range 10 degrees to 80 degrees or that is inclinable relative to this plane of the display portion at least over an angular range extending from 10 degrees to 80 degrees.

Abstract: A system having one or more lenticular units and more supplementary parts without lenticular properties. The lenticular units consist of lenticular plates that are capable of visualizing various clinically relevant examination objects. In all the examination positions, the system may visualize a fixation area that is shown alone or together with clinically relevant examination objects targeted at the examination of clinically relevant visual functions. Supplementary parts with various optical properties may be fixed or be moved relative to the lenticular units. Various clinically relevant examination objects may be visualized for the right eye and the left eye in that the examination objects of the system are provided with different colors or light polarizations and using eyeglasses with a differently colored glass for the right eye and the left eye or with polarization filters with a different direction for the right eye and the left eye.

Abstract: Ocular surface interferometry (OSI) devices, systems, and methods are disclosed for measuring a tear film layer thickness (TFLT) of the ocular tear film, including lipid layer thickness (LLT) and/or aqueous layer thickness (ALT). The measured TFLT can be used to diagnosis dry eye syndrome (DES). In certain disclosed embodiments, a multi-wavelength light source can be controlled to illuminate the ocular tear film. Light emitted from the multi-wavelength light source undergoes optical wave interference interactions in the tear film. An imaging device can be focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture optical wave interference interactions of specularly reflected light from the tear film combined with a background signal(s) in a first image. The imaging device can also be focused on the lipid layer of the tear film to capture a second image containing the background signal(s) present in the first image.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations of this invention, cataracts in the human eye are assessed and mapped by measuring the perceptual impact of forward scattering on the foveal region. The same method can be used to measure scattering/blocking media inside lenses of a camera. Close-range anisotropic displays create collimated beams of light to scan through sub-apertures, scattering light as it strikes a cataract. User feedback is accepted and analyzed, to generate maps for opacity, attenuation, contrast and sub-aperture point-spread functions (PSFs). Optionally, the PSF data is used to reconstruct the individual's cataract-affected view.

Abstract: A system measures macular pigment of a macula of a human eye of a subject. The system comprises a light source having a first light and a second light that modulate at variable frequencies, an input device for receiving an input indicating the frequency at which the user perceives the modulation of the first light and a second light, a display device, at least one processor, and one or more memory devices. The one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the system to (i) display, on the display device, test data corresponding to the user's inputs from the input device, (ii) determine whether the test data are valid or invalid through a curve-fitting algorithm, (iii) automatically indicate that the test data are valid or invalid.

Abstract: Sensory input devices and sensory output devices for improving automatic systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided. In an embodiment, sensory input devices and sensory output devices are used to measure and evaluate at least one of cognition, knowledge, operation skills, physical properties, sensation, vision, or the like. In another embodiment, sensory input devices and sensory output devices are integrated to enhance communications. Such applications, among others, may include a plurality of sensors, actuator interfaces, or any combination thereof to optimize performance.

Abstract: The present invention is a glare tester attachment for use with a conventional ophthalmic instrument, comprising a pair of eye cups, both eye cups each comprising a wall partially enclosing a hollow interior chamber and having a viewing aperture defining a respective viewing line of sight axis for each eye cup, a portion of each wall being provided with a plurality of lights disposed around said line of sight axis. The invention may be incorporated into a phoropter or a hand-held device.

Abstract: A method and system for providing vision correction to a patient is disclosed. The method and system employ a vision care POD to engage and provide vision diagnostics and correction options to a patient. More specifically, method and system may include educating the population of a geographic area through sources that target particular identified groups in need of vision correction; providing an eye examination to patients using a vision care POD to generate a personalized vision correction ID card; providing one or more vision correction solution(s) to the patient; supplying the patient with the one or more vision correction solution(s) and the corresponding training for the solution(s); and providing ongoing care and support to the patient.

Abstract: A viewing target for a visual acuity and refraction measurement includes at least one line comprising a width dimension that is below a resolution limit width (hereinafter “RLW”) of a test subject visual acuity, and an adjustable length dimension that is initially set at greater than the RLW of the test subject visual acuity. A base, at least approximately intersecting the line, has a thickness along the direction of the length of the line that is greater than the RLW of the test subject visual acuity. The length dimension of the line is adjustable in increments small enough to effectively approximate the visual acuity of the test subject by determining a shortest resolvable line and a next smaller line that is not resolvable by the test subject.

Abstract: A refraction device determines a refraction end point to provide corrective optics for a test subject. The device includes an adjustable optical system providing corrective optics to the test subject and an adjustable viewing target disposed along an optical path such as to be viewable through the adjustable optical system by a test subject. The adjustable viewing target includes a directional indicator linked synchronously to at least two choices of corrective optics presented to the test subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of customizing a lens system with selective application of a translucent colored material to stimulate alternative visual pathways and restore vision in the defective areas. The placement of the translucent colored material is based on the results of a visual field examination to determine the areas of visual defect and the areas of normal vision. The lens system is then placed adjacent to the patient's eyes such that the areas of normal vision see through the translucent filter to receive visual information.

Abstract: A vision shift amount measuring method includes: forming a reference mark indicating a distance eye point on a surface of a spectacle lens attached to a spectacle frame practically worn by a wearer, and forming a plurality of opaque lines in an area expected to contain a shifted vision on the surface of the spectacle lens with a predetermined space between the adjoining lines; and allowing the wearer wearing the spectacle frame to select the line closest to a position through which the vision passes from the plural formed lines.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fine-tuning refractive shapes for vision treatment are provided. Techniques encompass determining a variable index of refraction for a cornea of the eye, and determining the refractive treatment shape for the eye based on the variable index of refraction. Techniques also encompass determining a variable radius of curvature of an anterior surface of a cornea of the eye, and determining the refractive treatment shape for the eye based on the variable radius of curvature.

Abstract: A method and system for simulating/emulating vision using intraocular devices or lenses prior to surgery, preferably using multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses. The invention allows the patient, prior to surgery, to compare the differences in the perception of an image as seen with the intraocular lens and with normal vision, determining which type of lens the patient prefers, and in turn allows the ophthalmologist to measure which provides the better visual performance. The invention comprises a system containing the intraocular lens, called an artificial eye, a lens for transporting the image from the intraocular lens and eliminating the blur introduced by the artificial eye, and at least one telescope or optometer which transports the intermediate image from the intraocular lens onto the patient's pupil. In this manner, the patient is shown how he/she would see after surgery with each type of lens proposed by the ophthalmologist.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for examining visual functions of an examinee's eye includes: a memory for storing prism powers corresponding to the visual functions of the examinee's eye; an output unit; and a control unit for graphically displaying on the output unit normative areas being areas of normative prism powers in addition to information on prism powers of the examinee's eye based on the prism powers stored in the memory.

Abstract: The present invention relates in summary to a method for checking and/or determining user data of a spectacle lens user comprising providing subjective data of a spectacle lens user, wherein the subjective data comprise at least subjective refraction data, providing objective refraction data of the spectacle lens user, comparing at least one subset of the subjective refraction data with at least one subset of the objective refraction data and determining a comparison result, matching at least the subset of the subjective refraction data to the objective refraction data on the basis of the comparison result under the assumption that the comparison result fulfills at least one predetermined comparison condition, otherwise maintaining at least the subset of the subjective refraction data and/or providing a message containing the comparison result, and to a further method, a computer program product and two devices for checking and/or determining user data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for measuring light diffusion in the eyeball or eye region, by recording and processing retinal images. The inventive system includes a double-pass ophthalmoscopic system having means for correcting low-order aberrations. Said system can be used to record images of the plane of the retina on a CCD camera, the outer part of said images containing information relating to ocular scattering. The aforementioned images can be used to obtain the objective scattering index (OSI), providing the ratio between the energy on the outer part of the image and the energy in the central part, or, alternatively, the modulation transfer function (MTF) area can be used for this purpose once the low frequencies have been filtered. According to the inventive method, the low-order aberrations are corrected before a retinal image or a temporal sequence of retinal images is captured and recorded.

Abstract: A vision testing method and apparatus are disclosed, the method including measuring the modulation to a wavefront of light that is imparted by an intra-ocular lens, determining the wavefront modulation necessary to emulate the optical properties of the IOL after it replaces the crystalline lens in a patient's eye, generating a static or dynamic image viewable by a patient, modulating the wavefront of the image remote from the patient to attain the wavefront that necessary to emulate the optical properties of the IOL after it is implanted, and relaying said wavefront to a plane nearby, on, or within the patient's eye.

Abstract: A system having one or more lenticular units and more supplementary parts without lenticular properties. The lenticular units consist of lenticular plates that are capable of visualizing various clinically relevant examination objects. In all the examination positions, the system may visualize a fixation area that is shown alone or together with clinically relevant examination objects targeted at the examination of clinically relevant visual functions. Supplementary parts with various optical properties may be fixed or be moved relative to the lenticular units. Various clinically relevant examination objects may be visualized for the right eye and the left eye in that the examination objects of the system are provided with different colors or light polarizations and using eyeglasses with a differently colored glass for the right eye and the left eye or with polarization filters with a different direction for the right eye and the left eye.

Abstract: An interface for allowing communication between an auto-phoropter and a computer with visual acuity testing software. An adjustable filter for a computer monitor used with a computer with visual acuity testing software.

Abstract: A method of simulating an optical effect of an optical lens for a potential wearer, the method comprising: using a first camera to take a first image of a scene through a first optical lens, the first optical lens having optical characteristics according to a first ophthalmic lens design, the first camera being provided with optics arranged to simulate the optical characteristics of a human eye; and displaying the first image on a display device for viewing by the potential wearer enabling the potential wearer to visualise the optical effects of the first optical lens on his viewing ability. The position of the first camera, the first optical lens and the display device are fixed with respect to a referential frame defined by the head of the potential wearer, the head of the potential wearer being movable with respect to the scene.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating and prescribing lenses suitable for color blindness and dyslexia correction are disclosed. The corrective lens may be formed of an optically transparent base material, which is tinted to a desired color for correction by immersion in a colorant dye. The color tinted lens is then tinted by a neutral tint dye to render the lens observable as a regular corrective lens. Prescription of such lenses may be based on a dynamically balanced, or haploscopic, fashion of prescription that comprises selecting a first visual filter from a set of sixteen filters and a second visual filter from the remaining set of fifteen filters, the first for the dominant eye and the second for non-dominant eye.

Abstract: A method for evaluating and/or improving dynamic visual perception of an individual, comprising: a) displaying on a screen (11) a moving pattern (12) having a chosen visual complexity feature (Simp), b) providing a human/machine interface (13, 14) enabling the individual to input a value to indicate the pattern that the individual sees on the screen, c) repeating the preceding steps in order to count the number of successive positive answers imputed at step b), and d1) if the number of successive positive comparisons exceeds a predetermined threshold (S1), increasing (S2) the pattern visual complexity feature of a chosen amount, d2) otherwise, lowering (S7) the pattern visual complexity feature of a chosen amount, e) repeating steps d1) and d2) and lowering (Appl h, S3; S8) the chosen amount each time an alternation between steps d1) and d2) is detected, until a predetermined number (THR) of alternations (Alter) is detected, in order to determine a maximum visual complexity feature (Simp) of patterns that the

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include approaches for controlling light valve devices to improve the range and precision of the contrast ratio and the grayscale levels of a display used for visual field tests. In one embodiment, two or more illumination devices are used to enable the display device to display a wide range of contrast stimuli at precise illumination intensities over a fixed background illumination level. In another embodiment, the gamma curves of the display elements are adjusted to allow greater variations in the brightness of the display.

Abstract: A subjective refraction technique uses a plane wave light source including substantially a point as a viewing target. The refraction method provide for a number of distinct identifiable end points. By finding such end points the process leads to an aberration-corrected vision. A defocus corrector assembly (DCA) includes a lens that is moveable along an optical axis between a patient's eye and the point light source for adjusting defocus power until the patient indicates that the blurry image has become a relatively focused line image. An astigmatism corrector assembly (ACA) which is capable of continuously variable in its amplitude is provided including a pair of astigmatism plates for adjusting astigmatism power and axis angle. The ACA is adjusted until the patient indicates that the line image has become a substantially round image. A reference marker provides displayed items including a sweep line overlapping at the point source and having an orientation which is adjustable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for specifying or determining the spatial position of a distance reference point and/or a near reference point of a progressive spectacle lens for correcting defective vision of a spectacle wearer. Said method consists of the following steps: individual data of the spectacle wearer is obtained; the individual vertical and/or the horizontal position of the distance reference point and/or the near reference point is determined or calculated in accordance with the determined individual data of the spectacle wearer.

Abstract: There is described in one embodiment an eye viewing device for viewing a structure of an eye such as a retina. The eye viewing device can include an image sensor. In one embodiment an eye viewing device can be adapted to facilitate both visual viewing of an eye structure and electronic image capture.

Abstract: A spectacle lens is disclosed. The disclosed lens provides a vision correcting area for the correction of a wearer's refractive error. The viewing correction area provides correction for non-conventional refractive error to provide at least a part of the wearer's vision correction. The lens has a prescription based on a wave front analysis of the wearer's eye and the lens can further be modified to fit within an eyeglass frame.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations of this invention, cataracts in the human eye are assessed and mapped by measuring the perceptual impact of forward scattering on the foveal region. The same method can be used to measure scattering/blocking media inside lenses of a camera. Close-range anisotropic displays create collimated beams of light to scan through sub-apertures, scattering light as it strikes a cataract. User feedback is accepted and analyzed, to generate maps for opacity, attenuation, contrast and sub-aperture point-spread functions (PSFs). Optionally, the PSF data is used to reconstruct the individual's cataract-affected view.

Abstract: A system for delivering a touch sensitive screen task to a subject includes a touch sensitive display for presenting visual stimuli to a subject and for providing a response of the subject, hand position monitoring unit(s) for receiving input indicative of the position of a hand of the subject and for providing output signals representing said position and a controller/processor unit operatively coupled to the touch sensitive display unit and to the hand position monitoring unit(s) for receiving output signals from the hand position monitoring unit(s) and for processing the output signals to control the displaying of the visual stimuli on the touch sensitive display unit. A method for operating the system includes receiving from the subject signals representing a response of the subject to visual stimuli, receiving signals indicative of the position of the subject's hand and processing the signals to control the presenting of visual stimuli.

Abstract: A method and associated system improve accuracy in objective refraction measurements by including the measured distance between the photoreceptors of a subject's eye and the scattering location of light during the objective refraction measurements. Chromatic aberrations in the objective measurements are also compensated. The distance between the photoreceptors and the scattering location may be determined by adjusting a distance between a rotating speckled light pattern and an eye until the speckled light pattern appears to be stationary, or by employing a Scheiner disk.

Abstract: Depth-of-focus (DoF) is extended in a presbyopic patient by inducing different higher order aberrations, e.g. spherical aberration, to each of the two eyes. That method will result in improving binocular through-focus visual performance and outperform traditional monovision. The aberration can be induced in any suitable way, such as by an intraocular lens or a contact lens.

Abstract: An indicating device (10, 100) for indicating the ametropia progression of a wearer over a predetermined period of time according to at least the type of ophthalmic lens the wearer may use. The device comprises first (12, 120) and second (14, 140) members connected together in a moveable manner. The first member (12, 120) has a first field (22, 220) including a plurality of values of input data and a second field (24, 240) including a plurality of values of output data representative of the ametropia of a wearer. The second member (14, 140) has at least a selection mean (40, 400) and an indication mean. The selection means (40, 400) is arranged to select among movement of the second member (14, 140) a value of the input data corresponding to a wearer.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for examining visual functions of an examinee's eye includes: a memory for storing prism powers corresponding to the visual functions of the examinee's eye; an output unit; and a control unit for graphically displaying on the output unit normative areas being areas of normative prism powers in addition to information on prism powers of the examinee's eye based on the prism powers stored in the memory.