Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a base substrate, an electrowetting layer having first and second fluids immiscible with each other, a wall to define a pixel area, a hydrophobic layer in the pixel area, and an electronic device to control the electrowetting layer. A method of manufacturing the electrowetting display device is also provided.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device that includes a display member having: a first substrate in which at least one surface has conductivity, a second substrate which is disposed to face the conductive surface of the first substrate, a hydrophobic insulating film which is provided on the conductive surface of the first substrate, an oil, which is non-conductive, provided between the hydrophobic insulating film and the second substrate so as to be movable on the hydrophobic insulating film, and containing a nonpolar solvent and a methine dye including two dye mother nuclei that are linked through a linking group having a methine unsaturated chain, and a hydrophilic liquid which is conductive, provided between the hydrophobic insulating film and the second substrate so as to be in contact with the oil.

Abstract: An electronic paper display device includes an electronic paper display panel, and a functional layer. The electronic paper display panel includes a common electrode layer and a display surface. The functional layer is located on the display surface and includes a carbon nanotube touching functional layer. A distance between the common electrode layer and the carbon nanotube touching functional layer is above 100 microns and equal to or less than 2 millimeters.

Abstract: Colored metalorganic fluids for electrowetting, electrofluidic, and electrophoretic devices are disclosed. The colored fluid can include a polar or nonpolar solvent including silicon and/or germanium and a modified, oligomeric, or polymeric dye. The dye includes a chromophore attached to a low molecular weight group with molecular weight 10 to 800 or an oligomeric or polymeric chain, which includes silicon and/or germanium. The dye has a molecular weight from 100 to 100,000, solubility in the solvent of at least 5% wt at 25° C., and a dynamic viscosity from 0.5 cPs to 2,000 cPs at 25° C. If the solvent is polar, the fluid has a conductivity from about 0.01 pS/cm to 3000 pS/cm, a surface tension of 15 dynes/cm to 90 dynes/cm at 25° C., and a total content of monatomic ions with radii smaller than 2.0 A and polyatomic ions with radii smaller than 1.45 A less than 500 ppm.

Abstract: A special record format used for commanding light pattern shapes and addressable light pattern shape generator. The command format includes a first part which commands a specified gobo and second parts which command the characteristics of that hobo. The gobo is formed by making a default gobo based on the type and modifying that default gobo to fit the characteristics.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments described herein, there is provided an apparatus including a support layer, a plurality of pixels, and a switch. The pixels are formed using an arrangement of respective liquid-phobic elements disposed on the support layer. The arrangement of the liquid-phobic elements is configured so as to be able to provide, when interacting with a liquid on the support layer, one or more associated plastron regions to provide a first pixel optical state. The switch is configured to be able to selectively modify one or more of said associated plastron regions to provide a second pixel optical state.

Abstract: An electro-wetting display device and a non-polar color solution thereof are provided. The electro-wetting device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a polar solution layer and a non-polar color solution layer. The first substrate is opposite to the second substrate. The polar solution layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The non-polar color solution layer is disposed between the first substrate and the polar solution layer and includes at least one non-polar solvent, at least one dye and at least one improvement agent. The improvement agent is dissolved in the non-polar solvent, and the improvement agent is not dissolved in the polar solution layer.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical device is provided comprising a conductive liquid and a non-conductive liquid, the liquids being non miscible, having different refractive indices and forming an interface, wherein the conductive liquid comprises from 5% by weight of a fluorinated salt, based the total weight of the conductive liquid. An apparatus comprising said electrowetting optical device is described as well.

Abstract: An electrowetting display apparatus is provided, which has a display unit including: a first substrate at least one surface of which is electroconductive; a second substrate arranged to face the electroconductive surface of first substrate; a hydrophobic insulation film arranged on the electroconductive surface of first substrate; a non-electroconductive oil provided between the hydrophobic insulation film and second substrate movably on the hydrophobic insulation film and containing a nonpolar solvent, a dye in a content of 10 mass % or higher with respect to the total mass of oil, and a nonionic surfactant; and an electroconductive hydrophilic liquid provided between the hydrophobic insulation film and second substrate so as to contact the oil; wherein an image is displayed by applying a voltage between the hydrophilic liquid and electroconductive surface of first substrate for changing the shape of an interface between the oil and hydrophilic liquid.

Abstract: A method for sensing the actuation and/or release voltages of a electromechanical system or a microelectromechanical device include applying a test pulse to the device and sensing its state. In one embodiment, the device is part of a system comprising an array of interferometric modulators suitable for a display. The method can be used to compensate for temperature dependent changes in display pixel characteristics.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first base substrate, a partition wall which is on the first base substrate and partitions pixels, a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate, column spacers which are on the second base substrate and contact the partition wall, an electrowetting layer which is between the first and second base substrates and includes a first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other, and channels disposed in a boundary area between the pixels. The second fluid has electrical conductivity or electrical polarity. The boundary area is overlapped with the partition wall and the channels define a flow path of the second fluid. The column spacers are in the boundary area between the pixels except for a boundary area including the channels.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first base substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first base substrate and positioned to respectively correspond to positions of a plurality of pixels, a partition wall disposed on the first base substrate to partition the pixels, a second electrode disposed on the partition wall and including a plurality of openings, a second base substrate facing the first base substrate, and an electrowetting layer disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, the electrowetting layer respectively being moved by voltages respectively applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrowetting display panel includes an array substrate, a cover substrate, an electrowetting layer, and a hydrophobic pattern. The array substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area and the cover substrate faces the array substrate. The electrowetting layer is disposed between the array substrate and the cover substrate and includes a polar fluid as a first fluid and a non-polar fluid as a second fluid. The hydrophobic pattern is disposed in the peripheral area.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes first and second barrier layers which cover first and second electrodes. The electrowetting display device includes a first base substrate which faces a second base substrate, the first electrode on the first base substrate, the first barrier layer which covers the first electrode, the second electrode on the second base substrate, the second barrier layer which covers the second electrode, a barrier wall between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, and an electrowetting layer between the first base substrate and the second base substrate. The barrier wall defines a pixel area corresponding to the first electrode, and the electrowetting layer is in the pixel area. The electrowetting layer includes a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid which are separated from each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a position reference grid and relative positioning of an object are presented. Radiation is emitted towards a digital micro-mirror device including a plurality of micro-mirrors. Additionally, one or more of a plurality of micro-mirrors are modulated such that at least a portion of the radiation reflected from the plurality of micro-mirrors is projected on to a designated location in a designated pattern representative of a position reference grid. The radiation reflected from the plurality of micro-mirrors is detected. Further, the detected radiation is interpreted as location coordinates in the position reference grid. Additionally, the location coordinates are communicated to the object moving in relation to the digital micro-mirror device for positioning the object at a designated position in the position reference grid.

Abstract: A micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) switch includes an active device, an immovable metal layer and a movable metal layer is provided. The immovable metal layer is disposed on the active device and the movable metal layer is disposed above the immovable metal layer. Accordingly, an insulating cavity is formed between the immovable metal layer and the movable metal layer. Further, the active device is capable of driving the movable metal layer. Compare to thin film transistor, since the operation performance of the MEMS switches would not affected by carrier mobility and on-off current ratio, display performance of the display device can be easily improved.

Abstract: This invention discloses a MEMS device supported on a substrate formed with electric circuit thereon. The MEMS device includes at least an electrode connected to the circuit and at least a movable element that is controlled by the electrode. The MEMS device further includes a conformal protective layer over the electrode and the circuit wherein the protective layer is semiconductor-based material. In a preferred embodiment, the MEMS device is a micromirror and the semiconductor material is one of a group of materials consisting of Si, SiC, Ge, SiGe, SiNi and SiW.

Abstract: A display device (100A) includes a first substrate (11) and second substrate (41) that are placed so as to face each other; active color filter layers (32) which are placed between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (41), which have memory properties, and which become in a colored state or an uncolored state depending on the voltage applied thereto; and a light-modulating layer (17) for controlling the intensity or degree of scattering of light incident on the active color filter layers (32) or the intensity or degree of scattering of light passing through the active color filter layers (32).

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate that is provided on a display surface side, an opposing substrate that is arranged opposing the substrate, and a display layer that is provided between the substrate and the opposing substrate. The display layer includes a three-dimensional elastic body that is impregnated by a dispersion liquid in which at least one type of particle that is positively or negatively charged is dispersed in a dispersion medium and a bonding layer that is provided between the three-dimensional mesh-like elastic body and the substrate and which bonds the three-dimensional mesh-like elastic body to the substrate.

Abstract: Lighting systems comprising a spectrum former upstream from a reflective pixelated spatial light modulator (reflective SLM), the SLM reflecting substantially all of the light in the spectrum into at least two different light paths, that do not reflect back to the light source or the spectrum former. At least one of the light paths acts as a projection light path and transmits desired light out of the lighting system. The lighting systems provide virtually any desired color(s) and intensity(s) of light, and avoid overheating problems by deflecting unwanted light and other electromagnetic radiation out of the system or to a heat management system. The systems can be part of another system, a luminaire, or any other suitable light source. The systems can provide virtually any desired light, from the light seen at the break of morning to specialized light for treating cancer or psoriasis, and may change color and intensity at speeds that are perceptually instantaneous.

Abstract: A micromechanical element includes a plate-shaped micromechanical functional element, an inner frame and an outer frame. Thereby, a curvature of a main face of the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element is variable. The inner frame encloses the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element along an edge of the main face and is connected to the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element via a plurality of connecting pieces. The outer frame is connected to the inner frame via at least two holding elements. The inner frame is connected to the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element and the outer frame, such that a first angle between the main face of the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element and a main face of the inner frame is smaller than a second angle between a main face of the outer frame and the main face of the inner frame, when the main face of the plate-shaped micromechanical functional element is in a bent state.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an integrated device including a MicroElectroMechanical system (MEMS) and an associated microcircuit is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises: forming a high temperature contact through a dielectric layer to an underlying element of a microcircuit formed adjacent to a MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) structure on a substrate; and depositing a layer of conducting material over the dielectric layer, and patterning the layer of conducting material to form a local interconnect (LI) for the microcircuit overlying and electrically coupled to the contact and a bottom electrode for the adjacent MEMS structure. Other embodiments are also provided.

Abstract: Electro-wetting display devices are disclosed. The electro-wetting display may include an upper structure and a lower structure opposite to each other, a hydrophobic insulating layer covering a bottom surface of the upper structure, hydrophilic partitions disposed between the hydrophobic insulating layer and the lower structure to define pixel regions, and a colorless conductive fluid and a colored non-conductive fluid filling each of the pixel regions. A specific gravity of the colored non-conductive fluid may be smaller than a specific gravity of the colorless conductive fluid.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing illumination in, for example, a display device. One or more light emitters can emit light into a light guide plate that is configured to distribute the light across an array of display elements. A substantially etendue-preserving reflector between the light emitters and the light guide can at least partially collimate light propagating in a single plane of collimation. In some implementations, a lenticular film, or other optical elements, can be used to increase divergence of the light in a plane orthogonal to the plane of collimation. The light guide can include light extraction elements, which can be frusta-shaped features for turning light out of the light guide for illuminating the display. In some implementations, a flexible electrical interconnection circuit can be used to provide power and/or signals to the light emitters, thereby providing a flexible circuit illumination system.

Abstract: An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid.

Abstract: A display method, a display device and a display apparatus are provided. The display method comprises: providing a white reflection plate which can reflect light by itself to generate white light; providing color transparent films on or outside the white reflection plate, so that corresponding color is displayed when white light is reflected by the reflection plate and transmits through the color transparent films.

Abstract: A substrate for an electrowetting display device including a pixel electrode, a partition wall pattern and a water-repellent pattern. The pixel electrode is formed on a base substrate. The partition wall pattern is disposed along an edge of the pixel electrode to expose the pixel electrode. The water-repellent pattern is disposed at a space formed by the pixel electrode and the partition wall pattern to be extended along a lower portion of side surfaces of the partition wall pattern from an area on which the pixel electrode is formed. The water-repellent pattern exposes an upper portion of the side surfaces and an upper surface of the partition wall pattern. Thus, a manufacturing reliability of a substrate for an electrowetting display device is improved to prevent a display quality from being reduced.

Abstract: A lighting device is described for receiving source light within a source wavelength range, converting the source light into a converted light, and reflecting the converted light to a desired output direction. The lighting device may use a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) device to receive and redirect the source light to the desired output direction. A conversion coating may be applied to the operative surface of the MEMS device to convert the source light into a converted light.

Abstract: An electrowetting device is provided that includes a lower substrate and an upper substrate facing each other, a first electrode positioned on the lower substrate, an edge electrode positioned on the lower substrate and adjacent to an edge of the first electrode, a hydrophobic insulating layer positioned on the first electrode and the edge electrode, a partition positioned on the lower substrate, a second electrode positioned on the upper substrate, and a first liquid and a second liquid positioned between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein an electric field of a portion where the edge electrode is positioned is smaller than an electric field of a portion where the first electrode is positioned.

Abstract: A radiation emitting element comprising a radiation transmissive element having a first refractive index, a first surface, a second, opposite surface, a radiation emitter adapted to emit radiation of a predetermined wavelength into the radiation transmissive element, and a plurality of radiation controlling elements, wherein each radiation controlling element comprises: —a first liquid having a second refractive index, —a second fluid having a third refractive index being lower than the second refractive index, the second refractive index being closer to the first refractive index than the third refractive index, —means for altering a shape of the first liquid between two modes wherein: • in a first mode, the first liquid being in contact with the first surface at a first surface part, and an interface between the first liquid and the second fluid, at the first surface part, is not parallel to the first surface part and • in a second mode, a surface of the second fluid, at the first surface part, is at least

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a first photonic crystal structure having a first photonic band gap distribution and configured to support a first electromagnetic signal, wherein the first photonic band gap distribution may vary according to a second electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a multi-state IMOD, such as an analog IMOD (AIMOD), a 3-state IMOD (such as having a white state, a black state and one colored state) or a 5-state IMOD (such as having a white state, a black state and three colored states). The multi-state IMOD may include a movable reflective layer and an absorber stack. The absorber stack may include a first absorber layer having a first absorption coefficient and a first absorption peak at a first wavelength, a second absorber layer having a second absorption coefficient and a second absorption peak at a second wavelength, and a third absorber layer having a third absorption coefficient and a third absorption peak at a third wavelength. The first, second and third absorption layers may have absorption levels that drop to nearly zero at the center of each neighboring absorber layer's absorption peak.

Abstract: A method of accomplishing high-speed intensity variation of a polarized output laser beam includes securing an angle of light incidence sensitive optical element to a galvanometer system that provides high-speed transitioning of the angle of light incidence sensitive optical element between different angular positions. The high-speed transitioning provided by the galvanometer system varies an angle of incidence between an input laser beam and the angle of light incidence sensitive optical element to thereby provide high-speed variation of an intensity of a polarized output laser beam produced by the angle of light incidence sensitive optical element.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate and a plurality of pixels having a fluid layer disposed between the first and second display substrates. Each of the pixels has a pixel structure including at least one conductive layer having a star-shape or a fan-shape disposed at a center portion of the pixels insulated by an insulating material inside the first display substrate.

Abstract: An improved spatial light modulation display system includes light sources for providing red, green, and blue light. A system controller includes functionality for controlling a color balance of the red, green, and blue light. A sensor is provided for sensing light from each of the light sources. The controller can detect a shift in color balance based on the intensity of light sensed by the sensor. If the sensor output indicates that the sensor is operating out of a desirable range, the spatial light modulator can modulate the light in order change the brightness of light sensed by the sensor. The modulation pattern can be varied until the sensor output is a specified value or within a specified range of values. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor is located to receive off-state light from the spatial light modulator so as to avoid obstruction of light used for displaying images.

Abstract: A photonic crystal device including a photonic crystal material and an activation surface. The photonic crystal material exhibits a first reflectance spectrum in an unactivated state, and, in response to mechanical stimulation, exhibits a second reflectance spectrum in an activated state. Application of a force at an activation portion of the activation surface offset from a material-supporting portion of the activation surface causes a deformation of the photonic crystal material sufficient to bring the photonic crystal material to the activated state.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display board comprised of a plurality of the display devices or tiles that comprises a casing and a plurality of light manipulating elements disposed within and along a side of the casing, such that the one or more of light manipulating elements are adapted to form at least one pixel characterized by a pixel. The display device or tile further includes at least one or more rods coupled to the plurality of one or more light manipulating elements, and a liquid disposed within the casing, wherein the liquid is adapted to flow within the casing for imparting motion onto the one or more rods for changing the pigment of the at least one pixel.

Abstract: A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) micromirror array has an array of micromirrors on a support structure. Each micromirror is pivotally attached to the support structure by a resilient structure. The resilient structure defines a pivot axis. There is an array of electrostatic actuators for pivotally driving the array of micromirrors about the pivot axis. Each electrostatic actuator comprises a first part carried by the support structure, and a second part carried by the corresponding micromirror. An electrostatic sink is mounted to the support structure that shields at least one micromirror from spurious electrostatic actuation.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a MEMS device formed of a first conductive material. A trench may be formed in the MEMS device. A layer of non-conductive material may be formed in the trench. A second conductive material may be formed upon the non-conductive material.

Abstract: A light converting device includes a wide production conversion material and a narrow production conversion material to convert the source light into a first and second interim light, respectively. The conversion materials may be included in, or applied to, an enclosure. The first and second interim light may be included in a converted light. The converted light may be included with the source light to create a white light. The wide production conversion material may have wide absorption and scatter characteristics. The narrow production conversion material may have narrow absorption and scatter characteristics to substantially reduce inefficiencies caused by double conversion of light.

Abstract: A method of shaping a mechanical layer is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises depositing a support layer, a sacrificial layer and a mechanical layer over a substrate, and forming a support post from the support layer. A kink is formed adjacent to the support post in the mechanical layer. The kink comprises a rising edge and a falling edge, and the kink can be configured to control the shaping and curvature of the mechanical layer upon removal of the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device that features dual-mode operation. The display device can operate in either a low-power consumption bistable mode, or a higher-power consumption fast switching (video-rate) mode.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a base substrate, a hydrophobic layer disposed on the base substrate and including at least about 49 atomic percent (at %) of fluorine atoms in a surface thereof, a wall disposed on the base substrate which partitions a pixel area, and an electrowetting layer that includes a first fluid and a second fluid, which are disposed in the pixel area and are immiscible with each other. The second fluid has an electrical conductivity or a polarity. The electrowetting display device further includes an electronic device is configured to apply an electric field to the electrowetting layer to control the electrowetting layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems devices that can be switched between a transmissive state and a reflective state. In one aspect, the electromechanical systems devices is a display device including a movable layer disposed over an optical stack having a partially transmissive and a partially reflective layer that has a high refractive index and a low absorption coefficient. The movable layer is configured to be actuated between a first position and a second position such that the display device displays a color when the movable layer is in the first position and displays black when the movable layer is in the second position. Alternately, the display device displays white when the movable layer is in the first position and displays a color when the movable layer is in the second position.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrowetting display device includes forming a protection layer on a pixel electrode, forming a water-repellent layer on the protection layer, and removing the water-repellent layer from regions surrounding a display area of the pixel electrode. The water-repellent layer is formed by coating the protection layer with a hydrophilic material using a method such as slit coating. The water-repellent layer is removed using a method such as an edge bead removal method. The resulting water-repellent layer has a uniform thickness.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a conductive fluid and a non-conductive fluid. The first substrate includes a first base substrate, a first electrode layer, a hydrophobic insulation layer and a partition wall. The first electrode layer is formed on the first base substrate and includes pixel electrodes spaced apart from each other and a common notch electrode formed between the pixel electrodes. The hydrophobic insulation layer is formed on the first electrode layer. The partition wall is formed surrounding the pixel electrodes and the common notch electrode on the hydrophobic insulation layer. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The conductive fluid and the non-conductive fluid are interposed between the first and second substrates. The conductive fluid and the non-conductive fluid are controlled to vary transmittance of light in accordance with an electric signal applied to the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A light control device 1 includes a light source 10, a prism 20, a spatial light modulator 30, a drive unit 31, a control unit 32, a lens 41, an aperture 42, and a lens 43. The spatial light modulator 30 is a phase modulating spatial light modulator, includes a plurality of two-dimensionally arrayed pixels, is capable of phase modulation in each of these pixels in a range of 4? or more, and presents a phase pattern to modulate the phase of light in each of the pixels. This phase pattern is produced by superimposing a blazed grating pattern for light diffraction and a phase pattern having a predetermined phase modulation distribution, and with a phase modulation range of 2? or more.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for electromechanical systems devices that can be switched between a transmissive state and a reflective state. In one aspect, the electromechanical systems devices can include a partially transmissive and a partially reflective layer that has a high refractive index and a low absorption coefficient. The electromechanical systems devices can be used in a variety of way including as a smart window, as an optical shutter, as a privacy screen and as a display device.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electrowetting display apparatus, in which a pixel electrode is formed on a substrate including pixel areas, a first mixture including a hydrophobic material and a solvent is disposed on the substrate to form a hydrophobic insulating layer, and a first heat process is performed to remove a portion of the solvent. Then, a second mixture including a material for a barrier and the solvent is disposed on the hydrophobic insulating layer, and the second mixture is patterned to form a barrier wall surrounding the pixel electrode in each pixel area. A second heat process is performed to remove the solvent in the hydrophobic insulating layer and the barrier wall, and a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid are disposed on the pixel electrode to form an electrowetting layer.

Abstract: Oil (an insulating fluid) (17), which does not mix with a polar liquid (16), is enclosed within each of multiple pixel regions (p), in a display element (10) which is equipped with an upper substrate (a first substrate) (2), a lower substrate (a second substrate) (3), the polar liquid (16) which is enclosed within a display space (S) formed between the upper substrate (2) and the lower substrate (3) so as to be movable toward an effective display region (P1) or a non-effective display region (P2). Furthermore, a surface active agent (19) is added to at least one of the polar liquid (16) and the oil (17).