Abstract: An FCoE pinning system includes a first FSB that is coupled to an FCF device and that is coupled to a first FCoE node, and a second FSB that is coupled to the first FCF device, a second FCoE node, and the first FSB through an inter-chassis link (ICL). The second FSB receives, via the ICL, a first FCoE node synchronization notification that includes a first FCF device identifier for the first FCF device and associates a first FCoE node identifier included in the first FCoE node synchronization notification with the ICL. The second FSB provides an FCoE backup notification to the first FCF device to indicate that the second FSB provides a backup path for FCoE traffic. The second FSB provides a second FCoE node synchronization notification to the first FSB that indicates that the second FSB will provide the backup path for the FCoE traffic via the ICL.

Abstract: Techniques are described for avoiding traffic black-holing in a multi-homed Ethernet virtual private networks (EVPNs) in which a customer device (CE) is multi-homed to a plurality of multi-homing provider edge devices (PEs) via respective links of an Ethernet segment. An overlay network is created over the Ethernet segment, and the multi-homing PEs of the EVPN are configured with a common anycast IP address for respective virtual network interfaces. Upon election as active designated forwarder (DF) for the EVPN, the DF PE of the multi-homing PEs advertises toward the customer network an IGP metric for the anycast IP address that is lower than the IGP metric(s) advertised by any of the non-DF standby PE routers segment to direct the CE to forward network packets from the customer network to the DF PE over the respective link of the Ethernet segment.

Abstract: In one example, a merge point network device (MP) receives a plurality of resource reservation request messages for establishing a plurality of label switched paths (LSPs), wherein each of the plurality of LSPs has a common point of local repair network device (PLR) and has the MP as a common MP, wherein each of the resource reservation request messages identifies a common bypass tunnel that extends between the PLR and the MP and avoids a protected resource. The MP stores an association between the bypass tunnel and each of the plurality of LSPs. The MP receives a single message to trigger creation at the merge point network device of backup LSP state information for all of the plurality of LSPs. In response to receiving the single message, the MP installs state information for all of the LSPs that correspond to the bypass tunnel according to the stored association.

Abstract: A lower level processor holds a link, in response to detecting a link down condition of the link. In response to the holding of the link, the lower level processor transmits a command to an upper level processor indicating the link down condition of the link. The lower level processor initiates a process of link recovery for the link, in response to receiving an authorization from the upper level processor.

Abstract: Enhanced quality of service of a cellular radio access network is provided by monitoring the operation of the network for predicting failures. For each of the predicted failures, a proactive maintenance plan is created and an alternative network configuration determined, in which alternative network configuration the impact of the planned maintenance operations is less than in the current (non-alternative) network configuration. Additionally, timing of the maintenance operations is decided based on a network traffic estimate and the network is automatically reconfigured into the alternative network configuration prior to the selected maintenance operation time. According to an embodiment, the object is achieved by means of a Pre-emptive Maintenance Node (PEM) connected to the telecommunications network, such as to an LTE or LTE-A network.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for assuring tenant forwarding in a network environment. Network assurance can be determined in layer 1, layer 2 and layer 3 of the networked environment including, internal-internal (e.g., inter-fabric) forwarding and internal-external (e.g., outside the fabric) forwarding in the networked environment. The network assurance can be performed using logical configurations, software configurations and/or hardware configurations.

Abstract: A failover system includes a plurality of configuration controllers and a plurality of switches. The switches include a site proxy, a failover module and a routing table. A first site proxy of a first switch is designated as the active proxy and controls failover in the event a switch fails or otherwise becomes unavailable. A second site proxy of a second switch is designated as the backup proxy and controls failover in the event the first switch fails or otherwise becomes unavailable. In the event a switch fails or otherwise becomes available, the active proxy interacts with the configuration controller and reassigns the extensions associated with the failed switch to a different switch of the plurality of switches. If a configuration controller fails or otherwise becomes unavailable, another configuration controller becomes active and establishes communication with the plurality of switches to maintain the operational status of the IP telephony system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In one method, a wireless device may securely communicate with a local area network (LAN), via a first connection with a source access node (AN), based on a first security key. The wireless device may perform a handover from the source AN to a target AN. The wireless device may derive a second security key based on the first security key, and securely communicate with the LAN, via a second connection with the target AN, based on the second security key and a restriction policy for the second security key. The wireless device may perform an authentication procedure to obtain a third security key, which may not be subject to the restriction policy, and securely communicate with the LAN, via the second connection with the target AN, based on the third security key.

Abstract: A system for performing failover switches in an optical network, such as a time and wavelength division passive optical networks (TWDM PON) like NG-PON2, includes a backup optical line terminal (OLT) for backing up communications of a primary OLT. The backup OLT is configured to allocate small upstream time slots, referred to herein as “de minimis” time slots, to at least one optical network terminal (ONT) communicating with the primary OLT during normal operation. When a failure occurs that prevents communication between the ONT and the primary OLT, the ONT autonomously tunes to the upstream and downstream wavelength pairs of the backup OLT and begins to transmit data to the backup OLT in the de minimis time slot allocated to it. The presence of data in the de minimis time slot indicates the occurrence of a failover switch to the backup OLT, and the backup OLT then begins to allocate time slots to this ONT, which is normally serviced by the primary OLT according to its normal TDM algorithm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for device discovery, pairing, and transmission of audio and video media, using two or more communication paths between a media sender/source node and a media receiver/sink node. In one example of the disclosed technology, a method performed with a sink node adapted to receive data via a peer-to-peer communication and a different, second communication path, includes selecting at least a portion of a second communication path to the sink node, determining whether the second communication path is secure, and, if the second communication path is determined to be secure, then accepting connections via the second communication path.

Abstract: Provided is a method of modifying a data path between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node (CNN) in a wireless communication network. The method comprises the steps of: at a network node handling both signalling messages and user data for an existing data path between said UE and said CNN, obtaining data uniquely associated with a data path resource for said UE and/or uniquely identifying said UE and mapping said data to said existing data path; and modifying said existing data path based on said mapping. The network node handling both signal messaging and user data for an existing data path may comprise a gateway (GW) connecting a source base station (SBS) and a target base station (TBS) to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) of the core network, said GW being configured to handle both user plane data and control plane data for a plurality of UEs.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to communicating video content and other data over networks. An example apparatus includes a transmitter for communicating data via a serial link with a receiver. The transmitter includes an input, an output interface to the serial link, and translation circuitry. The input includes multiple input data lanes and a clock lane, and the input is configured to concurrently receive data on the multiple input data lanes aligned with a clock signal received on the clock lane according to a multi-lane communication protocol. The output interface is a clock-less interface and includes a number of output data lanes less than a number of the multiple input data lanes. The translation circuitry translates the data received according to the multi-lane communication protocol to a serial link communication protocol for transmission on the serial link.

Abstract: The problem of routing micro-loops in networks having a CLOS topology, such as data center CLOS networks employing the exterior border gateway protocol (eBGP) for example, is solved by: (a) receiving, on an interface of one of the nodes, a datagram, the datagram including destination information; (b) determining a next hop and an egress interface using (1) an identifier of the interface on which the datagram was received, (2) the destination information of the received datagram, and (3) stored forwarding information such that a routing micro-loop is avoided without discarding the datagram; and (c) forwarding the datagram via the egress interface.

Abstract: A first device may receive network traffic including a first label. The first label may be an inclusive multicast label associated with a second device. The second device may be a designated forwarder for an Ethernet segment. The first device may determine a second label based on receiving the network traffic including the first label. The second label may be used to route the network traffic to a customer edge device, via a third device, rather than the second device. The third device may be a non-designated forwarder for the Ethernet segment. The first device may provide the network traffic, including the second label, to the third device to permit the third device to provide, via the Ethernet segment, the network traffic to the customer edge device based on the second label when a failure occurs in association with the second device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of transmitting media content in a multimedia system are provided. The method includes determining a transmission unit for transmitting at least one multimedia source related to the media content, generating a data stream including header information and the at least one multimedia source according to the determined transmission unit, and transmitting the data stream through a communication network.

Abstract: In some examples, a switch includes a plurality of switch ports, and a processor. The processor is to send, through selected switch ports of the plurality of switch ports, respective requests for port information of device ports of a device connected to the selected switch ports, and receive, from the device responsive to the requests, the port information of the device ports. The processor is to identify, from the device ports of the device in response to the received port information, a failover device port for a first device port of the device, and send, to the device, information of the failover device port for the first device port at the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for allocating optical circuits on optical mesh networks are disclosed herein. For example, the disclosed methods include identifying a new circuit to be added to a mesh optical network and identifying a set of potential paths for the new circuit. For each optical link in each identified potential path, costs are determined for a plurality of frequency slots of allocating the new circuit to a potential path including the optical link. The cost of allocating a given frequency slot on a given optical link is determined in part based on the lengths of optical circuits that can traverse the given optical link using that frequency slot. Total cost values are calculated for allocating available frequency slots over each of the identified potential paths, and one of the identified potential paths and one or more of the available frequency slots are allocated for the new circuit.

Abstract: A network node obtains capability information indicating whether neighbor network nodes support special user equipments (UEs), receives a measurement report for the neighbor network nodes from a special UE, and selects one of the network nodes as a target node for handover of the special UE based on the received measurement report and the obtained capability information.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to a grace link state advertisement (LSA) from a virtual stack device. In an example, a first member network device of a virtual stack device may an input from a Multi-Active Detection (MAD) device. The virtual stack device may be a logical network device comprising the first member network device and a second member network device. Based on the input from the MAD device, the first member network device may determine whether a grace link state advertisement (LSA) is to be sent to a neighbor Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) enabled router by the first member network device, wherein the neighbor OSPF enabled router is an OSPF neighbor to the virtual stack device.

Abstract: A data transmitter includes an encoder configured to encode first data to be transmitted, in accordance with an encoding rule and a transmitter configured to transmit the encoded first data. The encoder makes a change to the encoding rule, encodes the first data in accordance with the change in the encoding rule, and incorporates second data having content corresponding to the change in the encoding rule, into the first data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention described herein, discloses a method and system for managing a communication network using any loop avoidance or mitigation technology. The restoration of network under fault, or sub-optimal network condition, maintenance and improvement of network connectivity and network behaviour is based upon GET and POST commands. In one embodiment of the present invention, the restoration mechanism is used to maintain or improve network connectivity and network behaviour or function upon receipt of command from management plane or control plane to build optimal network condition (e.g: minimum hops, maximum bandwidth, etc.) for data traffic, within a communication network of any topology.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus (10) includes: a switching control unit (103) that determines an active mode wireless communication apparatus at an opposite side based on a failure occurrence status of an active mode wireless communication apparatus at the opposite side under a situation that the wireless communication apparatus (10) is in the active mode; a wireless transmitting unit (101) that transmits a switch instruction to the opposite side under the situation that the wireless communication apparatus (10) is in the active mode, the switch instruction instructing the active mode wireless communication apparatus at the opposite side that is determined; and a wireless receiving unit (102) that receives the switch instruction from the opposite side, wherein the switching control unit (103) switches the wireless communication apparatus (10) to one of the active mode and the standby mode based on the switch instruction received from the opposite side.

Abstract: A virtual provider edge server may include different modules that implement a hybrid provider edge. A flow detection module may sample received traffic through a server and adaptively detect flows to be offloaded. An offloading module may be an SDN controller that controls the flow tables of a switch that data traffic is offloaded to.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for a network controller that manages a logical network implemented in a datacenter comprising forwarding elements to which the network controller does not have access. The method identifies a data compute node (DCN), that operates on a host machine in the datacenter, to attach to the logical network. The DCN has a network interface with a first network address provided by a management system of the datacenter, and executes (i) a workload application and (ii) a managed forwarding element (MFE). The method distributes configuration data for configuring the MFE to receive data packets sent from the workload application on the DCN and perform network security and forwarding processing on the data packets. The data packets sent by the workload application have a second network address as a source address when received by the MFE and are encapsulated by the MFE using the first network address.

Abstract: A system or method for dynamic redundant call recording may include a plurality of recording devices, each recording device having a plurality of recording resources, and a resource allocator. The resource allocator may receive a request from a call receiving node for commencement of a recording session. It may then attempt to connect to a first one of the plurality of recording devices and if successful, establish a recording session between the call receiving node and the recording device, or if not successful, attempting to connect the recording session controller to a second one of the multiple recording devices. Two resource allocators may operate in parallel to establish dual recording using resources at two different recording devices. Call content may be recorded separately from call metadata and may be integrated with the metadata using a unique call ID.

Abstract: A hybrid architecture for avionics data transmission and a corresponding system are disclosed. In one aspect, the architecture includes a plurality of subscriber stations connected by a data transmission capability. The stations are connected on the one hand by a first capability for transmitting data to their neighbors to form at least a first data transmission network in a closed ring between the stations and on the other hand by a second capability for transmitting data to a capability forming a central communication plan switch to form at least one second data transmission network in a star between the stations and the capability forming the central plan switch.

Abstract: Methods and systems of a disaggregated integrated synchronous optical network (SONET) and optical transport network (OTN) switching system that includes using plug-in universal (PIU) modules for OTN to Ethernet transceiving, SONET PIU modules for Ethernet to SONET transceiving, and an Ethernet fabric as a switching core are disclosed. An OTN over Ethernet module in each of the PIU modules and an Ethernet over SONET module in each of the SONET PIU modules may enable various SONET and OTN functionality to be realized using the Ethernet fabric which may include multiple Ethernet switches.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide redundant connectivity between an Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS) access network and a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) network. A first VPLS node is provided to function as an EAPS controller node. A second VPLS node is provided to function as an EAPS partner node. The first and second VPLS nodes are linked by a pseudowire and an EAPS shared-link. Additional EAPS nodes are also provided. The additional EAPS nodes are linked to each other and one of the additional EAPS nodes is designated as a master node. Links are also established between the VPLS nodes and the EAPS nodes such that one or more EAPS rings are formed. Each EAPS ring includes the shared-link between the first and second VPLS nodes. The EAPS rings are monitored to detect link failures.

Abstract: A system and method of determining a data collection routing protocol include the steps of perceiving a broadcast beacon message from an i-th sensor node located at an i-th sensor level by one or MOW sensor nodes at one or more other sensor levels of a divided WSN, wherein the i-th sensor level does not include a first sensor level of a sink sensor node; resetting the respective sensor level of the one or more sensor nodes to an (i+1)th sensor level; attempting to connect the i-th sensor node at the i-th sensor level to another sensor node located at an (i?1)th sensor level; and connecting the i-th sensor node to a parent sensor node at the i-th sensor level when certain conditions are met. These conditions are determined and analyzed locally at each sensor node.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of transmitting media content in a multimedia system are provided. The method includes determining a transmission unit for transmitting at least one multimedia source related to the media content, generating a data stream including header information and the at least one multimedia source according to the determined transmission unit, and transmitting the data stream through a communication network.

Abstract: A system and method of determining a data collection routing protocol include the steps of perceiving a broadcast beacon message from an i-th sensor node located at an i-th sensor level by one or more sensor nodes at one or more other sensor levels of a divided WSN, wherein the i-th sensor level does not include a first sensor level of a sink sensor node; resetting the respective sensor level of the one or more sensor nodes to an (i+1)th sensor level; attempting to connect the i-th sensor node at the i-th sensor level to another sensor node located at an (i?1)th sensor level; and connecting the i-th sensor node to a parent sensor node at the i-th sensor level when certain conditions are met. These conditions are determined and analyzed locally at each sensor node.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described to enable routing of network communications in a content delivery system in a manner expected not to exceed the capacity of individual communication links of points of presence (POPs) within the content delivery system. Specifically, a route mapping service is disclosed that can determine the effect of potential DNS records on volumes of traffic expected to reach a POP through individual communication links, and that can alter DNS records such that the expected traffic does not exceed a capacity of those individual communication links. Illustratively, the DNS records may be altered at a level of individual DNS resolvers interacting with the content delivery system, and the volumes of traffic expected to reach a POP through individual communication links can be determined based on a volume of traffic of client computing devices associated with an individual DNS resolver.

Abstract: A persistent World Wide Name (WWN)-Fiber Channel Identifier (FCID) assignment system includes a Fiber Channel (FC) networking device and a server device that sets a persistent WWN-FCID bit in a second fabric login that is directed to the FC networking device subsequent to a first fabric login that was directed to the FC networking device and that resulted in the assignment of an FCID to a WWN for the server device. An FC Forwarder (FCF) device receives the second fabric login from the server device. In response to determining that the persistent WWN-FCID bit is set in the second fabric login, the FCF device sends the FC networking device a second fabric discovery corresponding to the second fabric login through a port that was used to send the FC networking device a first fabric discovery corresponding to the first fabric login.

Abstract: A switching fabric includes a plurality of buses and a plurality of switching devices. A method for operating the switching fabric includes assigning the plurality of buses to be a plurality of peripheral buses and a plurality of computer buses according to a predetermined configuration, establishing electrical connections between the plurality of computer buses and the plurality of peripheral buses according to the predetermined configuration, and when a first computer is coupled to a first computer bus of the plurality of computer buses and performs a peripheral component interconnect express scan function, transmitting types and/or utilization information of a plurality of first peripheral devices corresponding to the first computer bus to the first computer according to the predetermined configuration to make the first computer reserve memory segments required by the plurality of first peripheral devices.

Abstract: A pluggable optical transceiver includes one or more optical receivers; one or more optical transmitters; and a host interface communicatively coupled electrically to the one or more optical receivers and the one or more optical transmitters and communicatively coupled electrically via a plurality of pins to a host device, wherein, to disable one or more lanes of the one or more transmitters, a fast electrical squelch implemented in less than about 10 ms is utilized to turn off or turn on associated pins for the one or more optical transmitters. The pluggable optical transceiver can be a Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) type module.

Abstract: A packet data network includes a flow-based programmable network device. The flow-based programmable network device includes a data plane having a plurality of input and output ports, a control interface and forwarding rules that map packets received on one of the input ports to one of the output ports based on a packet matching a rule in the forwarding rules. A controller entity is configured to program the flow-based programmable network device via the control interface. The flow-based programmable network device has a connection via the data plane to at least one delegated entity which is a network device configured to process network traffic on behalf of the flow-based programmable network device in a transparent manner from a perspective of the controller entity.

Abstract: A method carried out by a first communication gateway for transmitting broadcast data. Broadcast data is first received through a first network interface. The first communication gateway determines whether the broadcast data satisfies at least one condition, and forwards the broadcast data through at least one tunnel and through a second network interface to a second communication gateway if the broadcast data satisfies the at least one condition. The broadcast data is encapsulated in at least one encapsulating packet and the at least one encapsulating packet is decapsulated by the second communication gateway in order to retrieve the broadcast data. The broadcast data is then distributed by the second communication gateway to a second network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for monitoring communication connectivity between applications remotely separated from each other in a network. The system includes: one or more processors; a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors; a network interface communicatively coupled to the one or more processors; and an agent communicatively coupled to the network interface and configured to: receive a registration for an application operating on the information handling system; monitor a liveliness status of a communication session between the agent and a remote agent operating on a remote information handling system, the communication session being enabled via the network interface; and notify the application of a fault in the communication session responsive to detecting that the fault exists.

Abstract: A method in a source node establishing independent network paths including a first and second router nodes connected to the source node over a first and second mutually independent networks. The source node includes a first interface towards the first network, associated with a path identifier for a first network path; a second interface towards a second network associated with a path identifier for a second network path, and is configured to select which of the first and second router nodes should be used for sending data from the source node to the destination node via the first and second network paths, wherein the source node is configured to select different router nodes for the first and second network paths.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a data packet may be received at a leaf switch. A port-channel associated with a destination port for the data packet may be identified, and the data packet may be transmitted to the destination port via the identified port-channel.

Abstract: A redundancy device which is configured to communicate with a redundancy opposite device and perform a redundancy execution, the redundancy device includes receivers configured to receive individually HB signals transmitted from the redundancy opposite device, a calculator configured to calculate a number of normal communication paths among communication paths of the HB signals based on a reception result of the receivers, a comparator configured to compare a calculation result of the calculator with a predetermined threshold value, and a changer configured to change the redundancy device from a standby state to an operating state, or change the redundancy device from the standby state to a not-standby state in which the redundancy execution is released, based on the calculation result of the calculator and a comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: In some examples, a method is described. The method can, for example be performed by a network switch and can include receiving instructions to monitor a switch resource, monitoring time-series data for traffic received and transmitted by the switch, identifying peaks for the switch resource in a specified time period for the monitored data, comparing the identified peaks with data provided during a training phase to identify whether the monitored data includes an anomaly, and generating an alert when the data is identified as containing an anomaly.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for establishing a session between a thin client (TC) and a media gateway for media stream data transmitting are provided. The TC sends media stream transmission information of the TC to the media gateway through a virtual machine (VM), and receives media stream information of the media gateway from the VM. A session between the TC and the media gateway is established. After the session is established, the TC and the media gateway transmit media stream data directly by taste the established session.

Abstract: In example implementations, the specification is processed to determine the characteristics of the NoC to be generated, the characteristics of the flow (e.g. number of hops, bandwidth requirements, type of flow such as request/response, etc.), flow mapping decision strategy (e.g., limit on number of new virtual channels to be constructed, using of existing VCs, yx/xy mapping), and desired strategy to be used for how the flows are to be mapped to the network. In such processing, the machine learning algorithm can provide a determination as to if a flow is acceptable or not in view of the specification (e.g., via a Q score). In example implementations, the machine learning decisions can be applied on a flow by flow basis, and can involve supervised learning and unsupervised learning algorithms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PoE lighting system (1) comprising an emergency lighting device (4), a first PSE device (6) and a second PSE device (2). The first PSE device is adapted to provide power based on a) first power received from a first power source or b) second power received from a second PSE device via a first fire-resistant PoE connection (3) in case of emergency. The first PSE device is adapted to detect whether power is received from the second PSE device and to provide power to the emergency lighting device based on the second power via a second fire-resistant PoE connection (7), if it has been detected that power has been received from the second PSE device. This can allow for a provision of PoE emergency lighting in case of fire, even if a communication via the fire-resistant PoE connections is not possible anymore.

Abstract: An user equipment and a data connection recovery method thereof are provided. The user equipment transmits at least one UDP query packets to a robust server via the base station, and determines that there is no response from the robust server during a default period. Then the user equipment determines that a data connection with a backhaul network is abnormal between the base station and the backhaul network. Accordingly, the user equipment transmits a trigger packet to the backhaul network via the base station under NAS protocol and recovers the data connection with the backhaul network.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a network planning tool for planning a topology of a computer network, e.g., for provisioning network capacity. The network planning tool evaluates various factors, e.g., demand projections between a pair of nodes, existing network topology, existing circuits, failure scenarios, and other constraints, and generates a set of circuits that satisfies various demand projections. The set of circuits is robust under failure scenarios and minimizes latency, costs and/or power consumption involved in satisfying the demand projections. The tool assigns each of the circuits to a spectral resource of a physical communication link, e.g., a wavelength of a fiber optic cable, using which it can propagate data traffic between the pair of nodes.

Abstract: A method for initializing a protection device PD comprising steps of: receiving by a beacon receiver beacon information from other protection devices around the PD; sending by the beacon receiver the received beacon information to a channel monitoring decision maker within a time period set in a channel monitoring timer; determining by the channel monitoring decision maker whether there exists any primary beacon transmission device PPD; if yes, deciding the PD as a secondary beacon transmission device SPD; if no, deciding the PD as a PPD; receiving by an initialization process decision maker a determination result from the channel monitoring decision maker and determining an operation status of the PD within a time period set in the initialization process timer; outputting by the initialization process decision maker the determination result to a transmitter of the PD to decide whether the transmitter has transmitted any data or request information.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a data object for storage in a storage system. The storage system includes a number of datacenters (s) interconnected by a first network. Each of the datacenters is located in a geographic location that is different than any geographic locations of any other of the datacenters. The method includes creating secondary copies of the data object. A number of secondary copies is equal to at least s?1. The method includes, in accordance with a placement map of at least one of the datacenters, storing a primary copy of the data object in one of the datacenters. The method also includes, in each other of the datacenters, storing at least one of the secondary copies. The method also includes monitoring, via a plurality of data monitors, an accessibility of data stored in the storage system. The data includes the primary copy and the secondary copies of the data objects.

Abstract: A data center network includes a plurality of packet-optical switches each at a location in the data center network and each including a switch fabric comprising both a Layer 1 fabric and a packet fabric communicatively coupled to one or more line ports; wherein the plurality of packet-optical switches are communicatively coupled to one another in a topology to form data connectivity in the data center network, and wherein each of the plurality of packet-optical switches is configured to provide the data connectivity through the Layer 1 switch bypassing the packet fabric when the location does not require Layer 2 forwarding in the topology, and provide the data connectivity through the Layer 1 switch and using the packet fabric to provide the data service with multi-point connectivity when the location requires Layer 2 forwarding in the topology.