Abstract: Methods and devices are provided to enable a cooperating group of user equipments (UEs) to receive a group-specific common-parameters configuration (CPC) message over a first spectrum band and access a second spectrum band synchronously for device-to-device (D2D) sidelink transmission within the group. In an embodiment, a UE operating in a cooperation mode in a cooperating group of UEs receives a group-specific common-parameters configuration (CPC) message from a transmit point (TP) over a first spectrum band, the group-specific CPC message comprising information to configure cooperating UEs in the group for synchronous clear channel assessment (CCA) and aligned sidelink transmission starting times in a second spectrum band. The UE performs a synchronous CCA in the second spectrum band in accordance with a common contention window generated based on the information in the group-specific CPC message.

Abstract: A technique for transmitting and receiving data in a radio communication from a second radio device to a first radio device is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, one or more radio resources are determined based on radio signals received at the first radio device. The one or more radio resources comprise at least one spatial stream among different spatial streams receivable at the first radio device. A status message indicative of the one or more determined radio resources is transmitted to the second radio device. The data from the second radio device is received at the first radio device on at least one radio resource depending on the one or more radio resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media are provided for mapping data based on an ontology of a platform. A data set may be obtained. Data within the data set may be for use by an operation platform based on an operation ontology. The operation ontology may define an operation data structure for the operation platform. The data may be shaped based on a target ontology. The target ontology may define a target data structure for a target platform. The data may be shaped such that the data is mapped to the target data structure.

Abstract: Architectures and techniques for hybrid network communications. Data is received from a remote end device via a first wireless interface and according to a first communications protocol. Data is received from a remote client device via a second wireless interface and according to a second communications protocol. At least a portion of the data from the remote end device is translated to a data format according to a first network protocol. Transmitting the translated data to a network coordinator entity via a wired interface and according to the second communications protocol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method including receiving, from a user application, data to be transmitted from a source address to a destination address using a single connection through a network; and splitting the data into a plurality of packets according to a communication protocol. For each packet of the plurality of packets, a respective flowlet for the packet to be transmitted in is determined from a plurality of flowlets; a field in the packet used by a network switch of the network to route the packet is set based on the determined flowlet for the packet; and the packet is sent via the determined flowlet for transmitting through the network.

Abstract: Origin offload is a key performance indicator of a content delivery network (CDN). This patent document presents unique methods and systems for measuring origin offload and applying those measurements to improve the offload. The techniques presented herein enable resource-efficient measurement of origin offload by individual servers and aggregation and analysis of such measurements to produce significant insights. The teachings hereof can be used to better identify root causes of suboptimal offload performance, to tune CDN settings and configurations, and to modify network operations, deployment and/or capacity planning. In addition, discussed herein are improved metrics showing offload in relation to the maximum achievable offload for the particular traffic being served.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication that over come problems associated with conventional approaches including load balancing and handover efficiency issues. For example, in one aspect a wireless communication technique takes into account the load of a relay before a UE is switched from one relay to another. In another example, a wireless communication technique ensures that UEs are handed over to relays that will be able to serve the UE as the mobile relay continues to follow its expected path (such as streets or tracks), which may be known or determined.

Abstract: In a busy 5G/6G wireless network, message collisions may occur in which an “intruder” signal is transmitted at the same time as a “subject” message, rendering one or more of the subject message elements distorted. Modulation schemes are disclosed in which the corrupted message elements may be recovered, without requesting a retransmission. The modulation states have the property that, if two of the modulation states are combined by superposition, the resulting signal does not resemble any of the modulation states. Hence the receiver can determine, from the received signal, which message elements are collided, and can also identify the original modulation state of the subject message element in many cases. By replacing the collided message elements with the originally intended modulation state, the receiver may demodulate the subject message correctly while avoiding the delays and costs involved in requesting a retransmission, according to some embodiments.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein provide a data transmission system comprising a plurality of video routers, a supervisory system for transmitting one or more router configuration signals to one or more video routers, and a control communication network for coupling the plurality of video routers and the supervisory system. Each router in the system comprises a backplane including a plurality of backplane connections, at least one line card and at least one fabric card. Each line card comprises a plurality of input ports and output ports where each input and output port is coupled to a respective external signal through the backplane. Each line card further comprises a line card cross-point switch having a plurality of input switch terminals and a plurality of output switch terminals. Each fabric card comprises a fabric card cross-point switch having a plurality of input switch terminal and a plurality of output switch terminals.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and systems to externally manage network-to-network interconnect configuration data in conjunction with a centralized database subsystem. An example of the methods includes receiving and storing, in the centralized database subsystem, data indicative of user intent to interconnect at least a first network and a second network. The example method further includes, based at least in part on the data indicative of user intent, determining and storing, in the centralized database subsystem, a network intent that corresponds to the user intent. The example method further includes providing data indicative of the network intent from the centralized database subsystem to a first data plane adaptor, associated with the first network, and a second data plane adaptor, associated with the second network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments for constructing an abstract domain topology. In one embodiment, a Path Computation Element (PCE) is configured as a parent PCE to at least one child PCE. Each of the child PCEs is responsible for providing path computational services for a domain. Communication is established between the parent PCE and the at least one child PCE. The parent PCE receives from each of its child PCEs domain connection information corresponding to the domain of each child PCE. The parent PCE builds and maintains an abstract domain topology based on the domain connection information that it receives from its child PCEs. In one embodiment, the domain connection information is communicated from the child PCE to the parent PCE by adding a new notification-type (NT) and notification-value (NV) to a notification object in a Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) notification message.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to a system for monitoring the usage of a functional facility, the system comprising (i) a plurality of detectors for detecting the presence of at least one client device in the functional facility and which detectors are geographically mapped in the functional facility; and (ii) a client device mapping module for determining the location of the at least one client device detected by one or more of the plurality of detectors. Moreover, the invention is directed to a method for monitoring the usage of a functional facility including one or more detectors, comprising the steps (1) detecting an operable engagement made between a detector deployed in the functional facility and a computerized client device; (2) determining a location point of the computerized client device; and (3) providing an output which is descriptive of the detected operable engagement along with information relating to the determined location point.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems and methods for exchanging media through an edge server between different communication networks. More specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for establishing and conducting voice and/or video communications between one or more parties on a private network, such as within an enterprise, and one or more parties on a different network such as another private network or an open network such as the Internet using an edge server of the enterprise network. This edge server, also referred to herein as a Session Border Controller (SBC), can be adapted to allow media packets to traverse through a port typically kept open by enterprise firewalls and used for other data exchanges such as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) data traffic. The SBC can also provide multiplexing and demultiplexing of media streams through the same port and address to traverse firewalls between the different communication networks.

Abstract: A network device management method for a first network device in autonomic networking includes obtaining management information of a service flow, the management information comprising a type of a management operation and an identifier of the service flow, and the first network device being an ingress network device of the service flow, determining a second network device on a forwarding path of the service flow based on the identifier of the service flow, the second network device being a next-hop network device of the first network device, sending a control packet having the management information to the second network device, the control packet indicating to the second network device to perform a management operation based on the type of the management operation and obtain information associated with the management operation, receiving, from the second network device, a response packet having information associated with the management operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for configuring a communications network. In disclosed embodiments, for a communication network comprising fiber optic cables connected by switches and transceiver-transponders, a graph representing the communication network can be obtained with edges representing the fiber optic cables, and nodes representing the switches and transceiver-transponders. A set of service links can be determined for a path in the communication network based on a set of demands for the path. Each service link can represent data transmission by one of the transceiver-transponders through one or more of the fiber optic cables connected by zero or more of the switches. Sets of service links can be iteratively selected for progressively longer initial segments of the path. When the initial segment comprises the path, the set of service links for the initial segment can be selected as the set of service links for the path.

Abstract: Techniques are directed to determining a rank value associated with a first network node. An example method includes determining a second network node indicated as being a preferred parent network node for the first network node. A first rank value is processed to determine a second rank value, the first rank value corresponding to a path from the second network node to a destination network node, including rounding up the first rank value in a predetermined manner to at least a second next higher integral rank value than the first rank value, to determine the second rank value. The second rank value is processed with at least a third rank value to determine the rank value associated with the first network node, the third rank value associated with a path from one of a plurality of candidate parent network nodes, for the first network node, to the destination network node.

Abstract: Example methods are provided to perform traffic forwarding between geographically dispersed first site and second site and to support traffic forwarding via a trunk interface. In one example, the method may include receiving, by a first edge device at the first site, network traffic having a plurality of packets via a trunk interface of the first edge device from a virtual tunnel endpoint, the virtual tunnel endpoint having decapsulated the packets prior to communicating the packets through the trunk interface. The method may further include reading an overlay network identifier from each of the packets to identify a source overlay network of the received network traffic from the multiple overlay networks; modifying each of the packets to include a virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier; and forwarding modified network traffic to a second edge device at the second site to identify the destination network based on the VLAN identifier.

Abstract: A method for managing a first countdown timer, the method comprising the steps of: receiving (201) a request to set the first countdown timer to a first time value; starting (202) the first countdown timer; receiving (203) a request to reset the first countdown timer; letting (204) the first countdown timer expire; setting up (205) a second countdown timer with the time being equal to said first time value minus a difference between said first countdown timer expiry time and said receiving of the request to reset the first countdown timer; starting (206) the second countdown timer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of mobile communication, and specifically, to a method and system for processing node registration notifications. The method is applicable in a distributed system comprising a forwarding router, a plurality of central nodes, and a plurality of serving nodes. Each of the central nodes is connected to the forwarding router and at least one of the serving nodes, respectively. The connecting line from one of the central nodes to the forwarding router and the connecting line from the central node to the serving node belong to the same operating network. The method and system of the present disclosure are adopted to reduce the impact on communication between different serving nodes in an operating network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computer networking device calculates a first hash value for an identifier of a group of computing devices, as well as a second hash value for the identifier of the group of computing devices, with each hash value being at least in part on the identifier of the group of computing devices and an identifier of the respective interface. The computer networking device may also analyze the first hash value with respect to the second hash value and select the first interface for association with the identifier of the group of computing devices based at in part on the analyzing. The computer networking device may further store an indication that the identifier of the group of computing devices is associated with the first interface.

Abstract: An object is to provide a communication device, a communication method, and a program that make it possible to suppress an increase in the communication band due to communication via a GWR when Dual Connectivity is implemented, without making an additional setting on base stations. A communication device according to the present invention enables a communication packet to be transferred through a path that is shorter than conventional paths, and can therefore suppress an increase in the communication band. Also, this short cut of the communication path need only be set on the communication device, and need not be additionally set on the base stations.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes initiating cluster parameters that govern how a non-volatile memory (NVM) cluster functions and operates. Submission and completion queues of shared NVM on other nodes in the NVM cluster are mapped based on details of the shared NVM on the other nodes in the NVM cluster. The submission queue is configured to store commands to access the shared NVM according to a first-in-first-out (FIFO) scheme. The completion queue is configured to store completed commands after being processed through the submission queue. In another embodiment, a host-based data storage system includes NVM configured to store data. The host-based data storage system further includes a processor and logic integrated with and/or executable by the processor to perform the foregoing method.

Abstract: An electronic trading system and corresponding method are based on a point-to-point mesh architecture. The electronic trading system comprises a gateway, core compute node, and sequencer. The core compute node performs an electronic trading matching function. The gateway transmits a message to the core compute node via a first direct connection. The gateway transmits the message via a second direct connection to the sequencer which, in turn, transmits a sequence-marked message to the core compute node via a third direct connection. The core compute node determines relative ordering of the message among other messages in the electronic trading system based on the sequence-marked message to complete the electronic trading matching function, deterministically.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system is disclosed for managing bandwidth usage rates in a packet switched network. The system includes one or more servers configured to execute computer program steps. The computer program steps comprises monitoring bandwidth usage rate at a first provider interface, determining if bandwidth usage rate at the provider interface exceeds a bandwidth usage rate limit; and rerouting Internet traffic from the provider interface having bandwidth that exceeds the bandwidth usage rate limit to a second provider interface having available bandwidth capacity.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a novel method for performing network address translation to share a limited number of external source network addresses among a large number of connections. Instead of allocating an external source network address for an egressing packet just based on its internal source network address, the method of some embodiments allocates the external source network address based on the egressing packet's source network address and destination network address. This allows a limited number of external source network addresses to be re-used for different destination network address. For instance, in some embodiments, the method's network address allocation scheme allows the same 64K (e.g., 2{circumflex over (?)}16) external source ports to be used for 64K connections for each destination network address.

Abstract: A bandwidth efficient way to improve reliability without introducing additional latency is provided for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) service in 5G NR. In particular, using rateless fountain codes in conjunction with packet duplication for split bearers at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer increases the reliability of transmission without the need for retransmissions, and with a lower bandwidth requirement compared to traditional packet duplication.

Abstract: Methods, computer-readable media, and devices for instantiating a service provider application of a network service on a customer premises-based device are disclosed. For example, a processing system of a telecommunication network having at least one processor may receive a request for a network service, identify a set of resources for the network service, the set of resources for the network service including at least a first service provider application, and determine that a current configuration of the telecommunication network does not provide the set of resources. The processing system may further reconfigure the telecommunication network to provide the set of resources, the reconfiguring including instantiating the at least the first service provider application of the network service on a customer premises-based device, and deploying the network service to the telecommunication network that is reconfigured.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and a device in a User and a base station used for channel coding. A first node determines a first bit block; performs channel coding; and transmits a first radio signal. Bits in the first bit block are used to generate bits in a second bit block. The bits in the first bit block and in the second bit block are used for an input to the channel coding, an output after the channel coding is used to generate the first radio signal. Channel coding is based on a polar code. A sub-channel occupied by a target first type bit is related to the number of bits in the second bit block related to the target first type bit. The target first type bit belongs to the first bit block. The disclosure can improve decoding performance of polar codes and reduce complexity of decoding.

Abstract: A method is implemented by a network device to optimize the operation of a virtual private network (VPN) route refresh for border gateway protocol (BGP). The method reduces a span of VPN databases to be traversed to perform a route target constraint (RTC) update at the network device. The method includes receiving an RTC add or delete from a BGP peer, looking up each route target (RT) in a route target-route distinguisher (RT-RD) map to get a set of route distinguishers (RDs), and generating a VPN update for each VPN Address Family (AF) and each RD in the RD cache and sending the VPN update to a respective BGP peer.

Abstract: An edge device includes a first antenna array and control circuitry that activates a sensing function to sense a surrounding area of the edge device and generates a 3D environment representation of the surrounding area of the edge device. The control circuitry recognizes a first user equipment (UE) in motion to be a valid device to receive one or more services from the edge device and track a position of the first UE in motion from the edge device. The control circuitry executes beamforming to direct a first beam of RF signal having a signal strength greater than a threshold to the first UE in motion that is recognized as the valid device, based on the track of the position of the first UE and the generated 3D environment representation for high-performance communication.

Abstract: A conference system includes a controller and clusters of media nodes. Each media node performs media packet processing operations and connects with other media nodes and client devices. The controller sends to a client device contact information for candidate clusters. The controller receives from the client device a measure of reachability to each candidate cluster as determined by the client device using the contact information. The controller receives from the client device a request to join a communication session. Responsive to the request, the controller determines a best cluster among the candidate clusters to which the client should connect for the communication session based on the measures of reachability to the candidate clusters, and selects a media node in the best cluster. The controller sends to the client device contact information for the media node to enable the client device to connect to the media node for the communication session.

Abstract: This application provides a data communications system and method. The system includes a first chassis and a second chassis. The first chassis includes a first high-performance switching module and a first low-performance switching module. The second chassis includes a second high-performance switching module and a second low-performance switching module. The first high-performance switching module is connected to the second low-performance switching module. The first low-performance switching module is connected to the second high-performance switching module. The first high-performance switching module is configured to connect to a third low-performance switching module in a third chassis that is to be added to the communications system. The second high-performance switching module is configured to connect to a fourth low-performance switching module in the third chassis that is to be added to the communications system. During capacity expansion, there is no need to change cables between deployed chassis.

Abstract: A central cloud server includes a primary storage that stores a connectivity enhanced database that specifies a plurality of time-of-day specific uplink and downlink beam alignment-wireless connectivity relationships for a surrounding area of each of a plurality of edge devices. The central cloud server obtains sensing information from the plurality of edge devices in real time or near real time. The central cloud server determines, based on position information of a first edge device of the plurality of edge devices, that a handover is required for the first edge device. Based on such determination, the central cloud server communicates wireless connectivity enhanced information including a specific initial access information from the connectivity enhanced database to the first edge device to bypass an initial access-search on the first edge device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented hypervisor system and method comprises utilizing the hypervisor system, which comprises a privileged domain (PD) and a guest domain (GD). The PD is an instance of a virtual machine that has direct access to hardware devices. The PD comprises a back-end interface for communicating with other GDs. The GD is an instance of a virtual machine that does not have direct access to hardware devices, and comprises a front-end interface for communicating with the PD and communicates only packets with the PD. On the GD, and in an initialization stage of the front-end interface, the system allocates a predefined number of packet data entries for storing packet data, allocates the predefined number of grant table entries, each comprising a grant table id. During the initialization stage, each grant table entry is bound with a packet data entry.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for sharing data based on an adjusted bandwidth consumption. In use, a first sharing action is received by a network carrier system by a first device for one or more data items. Additionally, it is determined, by the network carrier system, that the first sharing action satisfies an exclusion criteria. The first sharing action is performed by the network carrier system, where the first sharing action comprises streaming the one or more data items to the first device, and data transmitted to the first device in connection with the first sharing action is excluded from a data plan usage calculated by the network carrier system for the first device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a full-band radio frequency device based on a frequency band B41, which includes a main part and a diversity part; the main part includes a power amplifier circuit configured to perform amplification processing on an output signal, a first filter circuit configured to perform filter processing on a transmitted or received signal in a first frequency band, and a duplex circuit configured to transmit or receive signals in a second frequency band; the diversity part includes a second filter circuit configured to perform filter processing on a received signal in a third frequency band, and a third filter circuit configured to perform filter processing on a received signal in a fourth frequency band; the first frequency band and the second frequency band are combined into a full-band B41, and the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band are combined into a full-band B41.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a process for optimizing data flow within a computer network. The technology utilizes shared memory and machine learning logic to improve the efficiency of how computing resources are used during a transmission of data packets in the computer network. The shared memory is implemented during the transmission of data packets between the data plane and the service plane so that the copying of data packets after the data packets have been received and processed by an application is not necessary. The machine learning logic is implemented during the processing of the data packets in order to adjust a frequency or extent that the data packets (and corresponding source of the data packets) need to be evaluated to ensure that malicious content is not being transmitted across the computer network.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching network traffic includes an ingress packet forwarding engine and an egress packet forwarding engine. The ingress packet forwarding engine is configured to determine, in response to receiving a network packet, an egress packet forwarding engine for outputting the network packet and enqueue the network packet in a virtual output queue. The egress packet forwarding engine is configured to output, in response to a first scheduling event and to the ingress packet forwarding engine, information indicating the network packet in the virtual output queue and that the network packet is to be enqueued at an output queue for an output port of the egress packet forwarding engine. The ingress packet forwarding engine is further configured to dequeue, in response to receiving the information, the network packet from the virtual output queue and enqueue the network packet to the output queue.

Abstract: In an example implementation of the disclosed technology, a method includes predicting, by a computing device, a destination server that is predicted to be the destination of a message from a sending device connected to the computing device. The method also includes determining whether a connection exists between the computing device and the destination server. The method also includes, responsive to determining that no connection exists, determining a connection and caching the connection at the computing device. The method also includes, responsive to receiving a message for dispatch to the destination server, dispatching the message to the destination server via the connection.

Abstract: A mobile device network that routes packets includes programmable switch devices that dynamically make packet switching decisions for routing the packets, a network controller for configuring the switch devices, a sender device connected in the network, and a receiver device connected in the network. The sender device and the receiver device can each be a mobile device or other network appliance. The sender device selects a path including links to predefined switch devices that a packet will follow, in which the packet contains an authenticator. Every predefined switch device that forwards the packet performs a computation that alters the authenticator based on an identity-based encryption algorithm, and the receiver device verifies that the packet was forwarded through the selected path based on a final value of the authenticator resulting from the computation performed by a last switch device that forwards the packet to the receiver.

Abstract: An embodiment method implemented by an agent device comprises receiving, by the agent device, from a device, a bootstrap request message over a first communication channel; transmitting, by the agent device, to a coordinating device, a request message comprising the bootstrap request message and a first channel type indicator indicating a channel type of the first communication channel; receiving, by the agent device, from the coordinating device, a response message comprising a bootstrap response message and a second channel type indicator indicating the channel type of the first communication channel; and transmitting, by the agent device, to a device, the bootstrap response message over a second communication channel in accordance with the second channel type indicator.

Abstract: An access node comprises node processor circuitry and a node transmitter. The node processor circuitry is configured to generate plural types of synchronization signal blocks for at least partially interspersed transmission over a radio interface. Each synchronization signal block type comprises a unique combination of differing types of information. The node transmitter circuitry configured to at least partially intersperse transmission of the plural types of synchronization signal blocks over the radio interface to at least one wireless terminal. The wireless terminal comprises a terminal receiver and terminal processor circuitry. The terminal receiver is configured to receive, in at least partially interspersed manner, synchronization signal blocks of differing types over a radio interface from an access node. The terminal processor circuitry is configured determine to which of plural types of synchronization signal blocks a received synchronization signal block belongs.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for routing messages from a message delivery network (MDN) to one of a plurality of end user carriers, wherein there are a plurality of message routes capable of servicing each end user carrier. An MDN may receive a message from a sending message service provider. The MDN may identify a destination end user carrier servicing the end user device for the message. The MDN may produce a rank ordered list of message routes from the MDN to the destination end user carrier by solving a linear constrained optimization model configured to converge upon an optimized ranking of message routes from the MDN to the plurality of end user carriers. The MDN may then attach the rank ordered list of message routes to the message before forwarding the message to a gateway within the MDN. The gateway may then initially attempt delivery of the message using the highest ranked message route from the rank ordered list of message routes.

Abstract: A data processing system includes one or more computing devices comprising at least one processor and memory storing data and instructions implementing image processing functions. The one or more computing devices include at least one cloud server computer. The one or more computing devices of the data processing system are configured to generate a user graphical representation from a live data feed by one or more image processing combinations of the at least one cloud server computer and two or more client devices in a hybrid system architecture, which may include a client-server side and a peer-to-peer side.

Abstract: A wireless communication device identifies an access point for a wireless network. The device initiates a connection procedure to establish a wireless connection between the wireless communication device and the access point, and the connection procedure includes: (i) selecting a degraded set of uplink transmission quality parameters that correspond to a higher signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio than a baseline set of uplink transmission quality parameters, and (ii) transmitting messages from the wireless communication device to the access point during the connection procedure according to the degraded set of uplink transmission quality parameters. The wireless network connection can be established between the wireless communication device and the access point as a result of completion of the connection procedure, despite the wireless communication device transmitting messages to the access point during the connection procedure according to the degraded set of uplink transmission quality parameters.

Abstract: A configuration of a service of a cloud computing system is rendered in a user interface of an electronic display, according to a discovery chain generated by a networking tool using a service discovery function to establish the configuration. The configuration includes one or more of a router, a splitter, and/or a resolver, each having one or more configuration files that are represented as a graphical element within a graphical representation of the one or more of the router, the splitter, and/or the resolver. The configuration further includes data traffic routes between pairs of the configuration files, each being represented in the UI as a line between each pair of configuration files, where each line is rendered in the UI so as to avoid crossing over any graphical element that represents a configuration file.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit may be configured to traverse a link list of connected components forming an object in an image being processed in a machine vision system. The link list may comprise object IDs and link pointers for each component of the object. The link pointers generally identify links between each component from a current leaf component to a root component of the object. Each of the connected components may comprise one or more pixels of the image belonging to the object. The second circuit may be configured to modify at least the link pointer associated with the current leaf component to point to the root component instead of a next component between the current leaf component and the root component by generating a control signal to control replacement of at least an object ID of a next connected leaf component in the link pointer of the current leaf component with the object ID of the root component.

Abstract: A Software Defined Network (SDN) controller determines a plurality of paths for transmitting a data stream from a first network device to a second network device. The SDN controller assigns to each of the plurality of paths a path identifier, where the path identifier is uniquely corresponding to the path and the specified service. The SDN controller delivers forwarding information to a network device other than the second network device on the path. The forwarding information is configured to instruct forwarding a data stream carrying the path identifier of the path to a next hop on the path of a network device receiving the forwarding information. The SDN controller selects a path from the plurality of paths and transmits a path identifier of the selected path to the first network device. The first network device adds the path identifier of the selected path to the data stream of the specified service.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to data transmission technology, in particular to a method and a device for setting an out-of-order value of a network. The method includes: receiving a D-SACK message corresponding to a first data packet of a target data; searching an out-of-order value prediction table stored locally for an out-of-order prediction value of the first data packet, where the out-of-order prediction value is a out-of-order value of a network determined according to a reception status of data packets of the target data when resending the first data packet; and setting a current out-of-order value of the network according to the out-of-order prediction value of the first data packet. By adopting the present disclosure, network transmission resources can be saved.

Abstract: Techniques for tailoring sampling rates for data from interactive digital properties on a feature-by-feature basis and collecting the data using the tailored sampling rates. Each feature may have an independent sampling rate irrespective of sampling rates assigned to other features. The independent sampling rates are determined based on at least one factor of predictive feature usage information based on historical feature usage information, predetermined rules, and current usage velocity of the feature. In some embodiments the independent sampling rate is influenced by the usage of an allocated resource provided to the digital property relative to a total allocation of that resource for a given time period. In some embodiments, the allocated resource is server calls to a digital data analytics server for the purposes of providing feature usage information from the interactive digital property for the performance of digital data analytics.