Abstract: A gloved wash mitt apparatus for keeping a mitt in place while maintaining dry hands includes a mitt body having a mitt top side, a mitt bottom side, a mitt left edge, a mitt right edge, a mitt top edge, and an open mitt bottom edge defining a mitt cavity. The mitt body has an outer side to dry dust or wet wash a surface without creating scratches. A glove body is coupled to the mitt body within the mitt cavity. The glove body has a glove palm portion, a plurality of glove finger portions extending from the glove palm portion, a glove wrist portion coupled to the glove palm portion, and an open glove bottom side. A glove perimeter of the glove wrist portion is continuously coupled to a mitt perimeter of the open mitt bottom edge. The glove body is waterproof.

Abstract: Exemplary devices and methods facilitate a modular dental device including cartridges. The modular dental device includes an energy storage module, dispensing unit, motor, controller, button, and tube, configured to dispense a compound at a dispensing port. The modular dental device includes a chamber that may receive cartridges containing different compounds, and may serve different functions including cleaning and whitening. The modular dental device may be reconfigured to perform different functions by combining different dental device sections, or by changing the order that different dental device sections are connected in.

Abstract: An oral care implement with a soft tissue cleaner. The oral care implement may include a handle and a head, the head having a first surface, and an opposite second surface, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second surfaces. A soft tissue cleaner may have a first cleaner fixed to the second surface of the head and a second cleaner fixed to the peripheral surface of the head. Furthermore, a second cleaner may incorporate a plurality of grooves extending at least a portion of the distance from the first surface to the second surface along the peripheral surface.

Abstract: A toothpaste dispensing toothbrush having a motorized based that provides one-handed use and an audible measuring device are described herein.

Abstract: A bare floor cleaner with an upright assembly pivotally mounted to a base assembly, a steam generator, a fluid distributor which distributes steam onto the surface to be cleaned, and a brush assembly provided on the base assembly. A steam distribution manifold is provided within an interior of the brush assembly and fluidly coupled with the steam generator to distribute steam through the brush assembly.

Abstract: A dispensing-by-rotation liquid cosmetic container includes a pen body, a piston, a threaded rod and a threaded cylinder, which are coaxially arranged. A pen cap is sleeved on the front end of the pen body. A receiving space is provided inside the pen body. A bristle assembly is fixedly arranged at the front end of the receiving space. The pen cap is sleeved on the bristle assembly. The piston is provided in the receiving space. The piston is in an interference fit with the inner wall of the pen body and moves axially along the inner wall of the pen body, and the piston is fixedly connected to the threaded rod. The threaded rod is rotatably connected to the threaded cylinder by an internal thread. The threaded cylinder and the pen body are axially snap-fitted and rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: Discharge ports of liquid floor finish applicators are known to clog if proper steps are not taken immediately after use. Complicating this clogging problem are the facts that floor finishes are formulated to dry quickly when exposed to air and applicator cleaning creates waste and takes considerable time and effort. Accordingly, applicant's invention addresses the problem of clogging by using a liquid reservoir to enclose the applicator's discharge port thus preventing it from clogging when not in use. To illustrate applicant's invention, a backpack floor finish applicator system dispenses liquid floor finish through a hose and a pump that forces the finish through a nozzle onto the floor. The invention uses a non-contact switch that activates a light which alerts the operator when the nozzle is exposed to air which will cause clogging thereby reminding the operator to position the nozzle within the liquid reservoir when not in use.

Abstract: A scrubbing brush head assembly for cleaning an animal includes a shell. A wall coupled to the shell defines an upper chamber and a lower chamber. A pipe is coupled to the shell and is in fluidic communication with the lower chamber. A connector is configured to couple the pipe to a water source. A valve is configured to control a flow of water. A regulator fluidically couples the upper chamber to the lower chamber and the pipe. Tubes extend from a bottom of the shell and are in fluidic communication with the lower chamber. An actuator selectively actuates the regulator to fluidically couple the upper chamber to the lower chamber and the pipe. The water is partially directed to the upper chamber to dispense shampoo from the upper chamber to the lower chamber. The tubes direct the shampoo and the water to a body of an animal.

Abstract: A power mop is provided having a tank for holding a liquid positioned for gravity-induced flow of the liquid from a gravity feed conduit into a hand grip. Inside of the hand grip is a liquid inlet, a valve for controlling the flow of the liquid, a pump for providing flow pressure to the liquid, and a battery for powering the pump. Additionally, a switch is accessible external to the hand grip for powering the pump and switching the valve between open and closed liquid flow positions. A handle tube is connected to the hand grip. The handle tube contains a pressure feed conduit for receiving pressurized flow of the liquid from the hand grip. A nozzle is mounted on the handle tube to disperse the liquid onto the surface to be mopped. A mop head is attached to the end of the handle tube remote from the hand grip.

Abstract: A portable interdental toothbrush is provided that can be carried conveniently since a cleaning solution tube stays in a sealed state when carried without using it, which makes it convenient to use. When using the interdental toothbrush, an engaging protrusion fixed to an engaging portion is released to wet a brush with the cleaning solution filled in the cleaning solution tube through the discharge hole by pulling the brush body. Due to the features, the structure is simple, the production is easy, and production cost is low, thereby allowing any user to use it, and promoting the dental and oral health for citizens.

Abstract: An oral care implement includes a releasable sensory material that invokes a sensory response when in contact with tissues or surfaces of a mouth of a user. In one embodiment, an element is provided that is visually indicative of the sensory response. The oral care implement may also include a soft tissue cleaner provided with the sensory material.

Abstract: The hydrogen peroxide toothbrush is a hand-held teeth cleaning instrument. The instrument has a removable twist-in-place bottom container that is filled with hydrogen peroxide. Once the twist-in-place container is filled with hydrogen peroxide, the flexible hose is inserted into the bottom container. Then, the bottom container is attached to the top container. The attachment is accomplished by, twisting the bottom container, in a circular motion, so the bottom and top container fit tightly together. Next, by pushing the pump trigger with a finger, hydrogen peroxide will get sucked through the flexible hose, through the inner firm hose, to the multi punctured foam tray nozzle, allowing the hydrogen peroxide to be effectively applied to teeth.

Abstract: A scrub brush includes a channel at least partially through the body, a first end and a second end, including a brush head receiving portion adjacent the first end. A brush head is positioned adjacent the first end, the brush body including a handle portion adjacent the second end. The handle portion may include an actuator, a reservoir adapted to receive a liquid cleaner, a pump, the pump actuated by the actuator. Actuation of the actuator delivers liquid cleaner from the reservoir to the brush head for scrubbing/cleaning. At least a portion of the handle portion preferably contains a transparent window adapted to show the contents of the reservoir. A hanging flange is provided having an opening formed along the spine of the body of the brush adjacent the brush head portion.

Abstract: An airless pump includes a storage unit having inner and outer shells. A head is fastened to the storage unit, wherein the head has a fastening groove and a nozzle. An application unit has the form of a brush and is fastened into the fastening groove so as to allow the content to be applied onto the skin. An airless pump is provided inside the head and connects the storage unit and the nozzle. The airless pump converts the direction of power that has been produced when an operation button is pushed, from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction in order to pump the content from the inner shell. A nozzle opening/closing unit is disposed between the airless pump and the nozzle in order to open/close the nozzle in the same stroke as an operation of the airless pump.

Abstract: A brush includes a substrate, a number of brush bristles, a storage bag, and a pushing element. The substrate includes a main body and a handle extending from the main body. The main body has a first loading surface supporting the brush bristles. The first loading surface defines a through hole. The main body defines a first receiving groove communicating with the though hole. The handle has a second loading surface, and defines a second receiving groove communicating with the first receiving groove. The second receiving groove passes through a portion of the second loading surface adjacent to the first receiving groove. The storage bag receives paste, and is received in the second receiving groove and partially extends into the first receiving groove to communicate with the through hole. The pushing element squeezes the storage bag to make the paste flow into gaps between the brush bristles.

Abstract: A brush, in particular a toothbrush, comprising a head part with a cleaning structure featuring bristles, a hand part and a neck part, and a cavity located in the head or neck part comprising at least one outlet opening for an active substance. In one embodiment, the cavity incorporates an active substance element, which contains the active substance in a carrier material and releases said substance in a controlled manner when it comes into contact with water. In another embodiment, the cavity is adapted to the shape of an active substance element by means of defined external contours. The volume of the cavity is preferably 1-2 times and no more than 4 times greater than the volume of the active substance element, ensuring that the latter is preferably surrounded by water during use. This allows the active substance to be effectively metered and ensures the brush is easy to use.

Abstract: A device for cleaning debris from a target surface. The device has a sole plate with permanent bristles and a removable/replaceable pad. The device also has a replaceable, on-board supply of cleanser. The pad/cleanser may be replaced when depleted and replaced with a new pad/cleanser or may simply be replaced with a new pad/cleanser when that pad/cleanser is more suitable for a particular cleaning task.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic application device that includes a base member having a first surface, a second surface, and a bore there between; a powder flow conduit; a brush member; a clip; a middle body; an o-ring; a variable flow mechanism; a cartridge having a first end and a second end; and an end cap.

Abstract: A pouch has an upper spout portion which is heat sealed to the opening of the pouch. The upper spout portion has two curved gripping elements and a receiving assembly that projects inside the pouch. The receiving assembly is configured to connect with a bellows pump that seats into the upper spout portion and can be removed by pinching the two curved gripping elements together. This action in turn allows a user to remove the bellows pump easily as desired.

Abstract: A multisurface cleaning tool having a tapering head and a hollow handle contiguous with the head that constitutes a reservoir capable of holding flowable material. A pump actuated dispenser is in communication with the reservoir and permits user actuated expression of flowable material from within the reservoir. A cover is applied to and covers at least a portion of the head. In one embodiment, the cover is a microfiber pouch with an elasticized perimeter, which permits the pouch to be fitted over the cleaning tool head. In another embodiment, a portion of the cover is an integrally formed abrasive surface.

Abstract: Dentifrice dispensing electrical toothbrush comprising a driver-pump head with a dispensing platform, a replaceable brush unit and a handle having a battery and a cartridge containing dentifrice material. The replaceable brush unit includes a oscillatory brush element and a brush element having a circular or an elongated spout opening as well as a snap-on mounting bracket for fastening to the driver-pump head. The dispensing platform contains a flow channel and a self-sealing spout to prevent drying of the dentifrice material at the spout. The self-sealing spout opens and closes automatically during a pumping action. The brush element with a spout opening is detachably mounted over the spout fixed on the dispensing platform to allow for brush oscillation around the spout and receive the dentifrice material dispensed from the flow channel. Different drive mechanisms are used to impart rotary, lateral or longitudinal oscillation on a brush element in a brush unit.

Abstract: A reaction and delivery implement that includes a handle configured for user manipulation, a head having a plurality of agent housing regions, the first agent housing region housing a first agent and the second agent housing region housing a second agent, the first and second agents being different. The head is configured to facilitate both prevention of intermixing of the first and second agents in a storage position as well as reaction of the first and second agents through intermixing in a delivery position so as to produce and apply a third agent to a contacted surface when in the delivery position. The reaction and delivery implement may be an oral care implement such as a toothbrush. The implement may also be motorized and may be used with a wide array of reactions.

Abstract: A device for cleaning debris from a target surface. The device has a sole plate with permanent bristles and a removable/replaceable pad. The device also has a replaceable, on-board supply of cleanser. The pad/cleanser may be replaced when depleted and replaced with a new pad/cleanser or may simply be replaced with a new pad/cleanser when that pad/cleanser is more suitable for a particular cleaning task.

Abstract: The invention provides cleaning implements that include head components comprising cleaning surface components and cleaning material support components. The cleaning material support components typically include cleaning material receiving areas that communicate with the cleaning surface components. Cleaning material receiving areas are generally configured to receive cleaning materials that are movable to and/or from the cleaning material receiving areas to extend over at least portions of the cleaning surface components. The invention also provides cleaning material components that include cleaning material support structures and cleaning materials. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a brush for metered application of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical liquid with a configuration from a number of at least essentially parallel-arranged bristles, which are grouped around a configuration center, in which the bristles are molded onto a bristle support, the configuration having an outer configuration area enclosing the configuration center in the peripheral direction, in which the bristle density is higher than in the inner configuration area enclosed by the outer configuration area and/or whose bristles are finer than the bristles of the inner configuration area.

Abstract: An oral care instrument includes at least one oral care agent. In one embodiment, the oral care agent can be provided on one or more surfaces of the oral care instrument or included within cavities within the head or in one or more surfaces of a head. In other embodiment, the oral care agent can be provided in or on a thin slab subsequently bonded onto a surface, or applied as a stable coating. The oral care instrument can also be provided with a wear indicator. The oral care agents can be released during one use, during multiple uses, or throughout the life of the instrument. Water, oral secretions and/or chemicals within the mouth can activate the oral care agents.

Abstract: A reaction and delivery implement (100) that includes a handle (103) configured for user manipulation, a head (102) having a plurality of agent housing regions (120,130), the first agent housing region (120) housing a first agent and the second agent housing region (130) housing a second agent, the first and second agents being different is described. The head is configured to facilitate both prevention of intermixing of the first and second agents in a storage position as well as reaction of the first and second agents through intermixing in a delivery position so as to produce and apply a third agent to a contacted surface when in the delivery position. The reaction and delivery implement may be an oral care implement such as a toothbrush. The implement may also be motorized and may be used with a wide array of reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions suitable for use with an oral care implement. The compositions provide improved sensory appeal, and comparable reduction in volatile sulfur compounds and antibacterial activity to advanced formula toothpaste formulations. The compositions include a high percentage of antibacterial agent and flavoring, when compared to conventional toothpastes, and some mouth washes formulations, such that only minor amounts of the composition can be delivered to the oral care implement to provide improved reduction in volatile sulfur compounds, antibacterial efficacy, and optionally a cooling sensation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an applicator for a fluid product such as a cosmetic product, of the type including: a container (101) having an outlet, a control ring (133) which is mounted to the container such that it can move between a closed position in which it seals the outlet and an open position in which it opens the outlet, and an application member (155) which is mounted to the control ring such as to communicate with the outlet when the ring is in the open position. The control ring is rotatably mounted to the container, abutment means (129, 135) being provided in order to stop the travel of the ring towards the closed position thereof.

Abstract: An oral care implement includes a releasable sensory material that invokes a sensory response when in contact with tissues or surfaces of a mouth of a user. In one embodiment, an element is provided that is visually indicative of the sensory response. The oral care implement may also include a soft tissue cleaner provided with the sensory material.

Abstract: A dispenser includes a flow-through gasket and a lower valve having a reservoir for containing a product. The flow-through gasket has at least aperture to provide a product delivery passage when the dispenser is selectively rotatable along a helical guide slot to a raised position. When the dispenser is selectively rotatable along the helical guide slot to a retracted position, the dispenser is in a stored state. In some examples, the flow-through gasket may be made of a material having elastomeric properties.

Abstract: A disposable tooth care system including: a toothbrush and floss assembly having a toothbrush having a proximate end and a distal end; a handle; a pouch located in the inner volume, the pouch is flexible and contains toothpaste; a floss spool comprising a wound-length of dental floss; and an axle. The handle includes; an outer surface; an inner volume; and a forked end; a neck; a head with at least one dispensing aperture; bristles; and a button. The toothbrush and floss assembly comprises the toothbrush; the pouch located in the inner volume of the handle of the toothbrush; the floss spool carried by the axle rotatable in the forked end, the axle fixed to the handle within the forked end, the forked end located at the proximate end of the toothbrush.

Abstract: A fluid-dispensing power toothbrush which includes a handle portion with a housing, a head portion and a fluid delivery system. The fluid delivery system includes a fluid reservoir and a fluid pump which are positioned to extend substantially along an outer surface of the housing of the handle portion. A cover member is pivotally attached to the housing and is configured to overlay and mate with a portion of the housing to form the exterior surface of a lower portion of the toothbrush when the cover member is in a closed position.

Abstract: A toothbrush having brush means and a means to support the brush means; and a one or two part therapeutic tooth treatment composition which becomes activated when wet incorporated on the brush means or within the toothbrush means to support the brush means in a manner such that the composition remains inactive during storage and is only activated when contacted with water or saliva; and a method comprising brushing a tooth with the toothbrush so that the brush means become wet with saliva, optionally wetting the brush means with water immediately prior to brushing a tooth, and the composition becomes activated to form a therapeutic composition to provide remineralization, whitening, and/or fluoridation.

Abstract: An oral care implement has a head portion with tooth cleaning elements on one surface thereof and a reservoir containing at least one active agent. A capillary channel extends through at least a portion of the oral care implement to deliver active agent(s) to one or more outlets. In one aspect, a vibration-producing device is provided to vibrate at least a portion of the implement to enhance the function of tooth cleaning elements and the delivery of the active agent through capillary action. A variety of active agents can be administered for therapeutic, hygienic, and/or other benefits, such as fresh breath, tooth whitening, or producing sensations of heat, cool, or tingling.

Abstract: A first apparatus includes a base, a plurality of stems, each stem having a first end retained by the base and a second end opposite the first end. Each stem is movable between a withdrawn position and an extended position with respect to the base, such that the second end projects from the base when the stem is in the extended position. Flexible tips are attached respectively to the second ends of the stems. A second apparatus includes a storage vessel, a cup dimensioned to receive the flexible tips of the first apparatus, and a dispensing mechanism linking the storage vessel to the cup.

Abstract: The sanitized brush, with skin powder, is retained in a sanitization system. The neck brush handle has a powder chamber, a bristle face with outwardly extending bristles and a powder input port. A portion of the powder chamber wall is flexible and a movable actuator depresses the flex-wall, compresses the size of the chamber and forces powder from an exit port on the bristle face. The sanitization system includes a brush stand holding the brush above a UV lamp. A sensor determines when the brush is on the stand and a timer is triggered ON controlling the lamp and counts down OFF. Additional features include: a base supporting the stand above the UV lamp; a rechargeable battery; an on-hook brush sensor (mechanical or optical); and a removable cover with a transparent segment to visually confirm lamp ON condition.

Abstract: A paint edging apparatus includes a body having front and rear ends defining a longitudinal axis therebetween, the body receiving a paint reservoir for supplying paint to an applicator portion of the apparatus, the body including a handle extending rearwardly at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis. An urging mechanism selectively engages the paint reservoir to discharge paint therefrom. A vibrator mounted to the body and operatively connected to the paint applicator portion of the apparatus imparts an oscillatory motion to the paint applicator. A trigger is pivotally mounted to the handle for activating the vibrator, wherein a user can move the apparatus over a work surface to apply paint to the work surface and also pivot the trigger at the same time by grasping the handle with a single hand.

Abstract: A brush, in particular a toothbrush, including a head part with a cleaning structure with bristles, a handle part and a neck part, a cavity with at least one outlet opening for an active substance being located in the head or neck part. In one embodiment, the cavity incorporates an active substance element, which contains the active substance in a carrier material and releases the substance in a controlled manner when it comes into contact with water. The cavity may be adapted to the shape of an active substance element by means of defined external contours. The volume of the cavity is preferably 1-2 times and no more than 4 times greater than the volume of the active substance element, ensuring that the latter is preferably surrounded by water during use. This allows the active substance to be effectively metered and ensures the brush is easy to use.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, an apparatus for painting a work surface including a handle housing. A disposable painting module is configured to be removably engaged with the handle housing. The painting module includes a paint applicator configured to be removably engaged with the handle housing. The paint applicator is configured to apply paint to the work surface. A paint reservoir is fluidly coupled with the paint applicator and is configured to be removably engaged with the handle housing. An urging mechanism is coupled to the handle housing and configured to interact with the paint reservoir to substantially uniformly discharge the paint from the paint reservoir and supply the paint to the paint applicator.

Abstract: An oral care implement (1) includes a head (12), a handle (10), a neck portion (11) connecting the head and the handle, and a reservoir (15) which contains at least one active agent. The implement has an activator (22) for activating a delivery device which delivers the active agent to one or more outlets (50). A powered delivery device (18) disposed in the head to deliver a liquid from the reservoir via the outlet. A wide variety of types of active agents may be administered at appropriate and accurate doses for therapeutic, hygienic, and/or other benefit.

Abstract: An oral care instrument includes at least one oral care agent. In one embodiment, the oral care agent can be provided on one or more surfaces of the oral care instrument or included within cavities within the head or in one or more surfaces of a head. In other embodiment, the oral care agent can be provided in or on a thin slab subsequently bonded onto a surface, or applied as a stable coating. The oral care instrument can also be provided with a wear indicator. The oral care agents can be released during one use, during multiple uses, or throughout the life of the instrument. Water, oral secretions and/or chemicals within the mouth can activate the oral care agents.

Abstract: A toothpaste dispensing toothbrush includes a handle, a brush head section, and a plunger assembly passed through a proximal opening of the handle and rotatably interfitted within a threaded axial bore. A body of toothpaste is attached to the plunger assembly wherein a leading portion of the toothpaste body is linearly ingressed into the brush head section when the plunger assembly is rotated along a first arcuate direction defined about a centrally oriented longitudinal axis of the threaded axial bore. In this manner, a trailing portion of the toothpaste body is retracted from the outlet and returned upstream along the brush head section when the plunger assembly is rotated along a second arcuate direction defined about the centrally oriented longitudinal axis. The first arcuate direction is opposite to the first arcuate direction so that the plunger assembly can be rotated in clockwise and counter directions respectively.

Abstract: The combination of a power toothbrush and an oral fluid, in which the oral fluid has the characteristic of changing viscosity, depending upon the action of a workpiece element portion, such as a flexible membrane, of the power toothbrush. The power toothbrush has two operating conditions. In one condition, the membrane moves toward and away from the teeth at a speed such that the fluid is liquid and flows easily to and around the teeth, including the interproximal regions. In the second condition, the membrane is moved at a significantly higher speed, in response to which the viscosity of the fluid increases substantially, having a shear rate at least as great as necessary to remove biofilm from the teeth.

Abstract: A paint edging apparatus includes a body having front and rear ends defining a longitudinal axis therebetween, the body receiving a paint reservoir for supplying paint to an applicator portion of the apparatus, the body including a handle extending rearwardly at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis. An urging mechanism selectively engages the paint reservoir to discharge paint therefrom. A vibrator mounted to the body and operatively connected to the paint applicator portion of the apparatus imparts an oscillatory motion to the paint applicator. A trigger is pivotally mounted to the handle for activating the vibrator, wherein a user can move the apparatus over a work surface to apply paint to the work surface and also pivot the trigger at the same time by grasping the handle with a single hand.

Abstract: A moveable machine to rapidly apply and cure thin layers of a UV curable coating on a surface such as a floor. The machine has an applicator to apply a thin curable coating in a path following the direction of motion of the machine. The machine also has UV lamps to cure the curable coating with a curing beam that overlaps newly applied coating. The UV lamps emit an intense UV radiation beam creating an annular cure zone around the applicator path. Movement of the machine along with the ensuing movement of the applicator and rotating UV lamps causes the applied curable coating to be exposed to the annular cure zone and cured. This rapid curing of applicator coating paths allows the machine to be immediately passed over the cured area multiple times and rapidly build up multiple thin cured layers to achieve a thick coating.

Abstract: An application substance reservoir for a toothbrush is provided. The reservoir has a data carrier and may be filled with toothpaste or another application substance. An electric toothbrush is also provided. The data carrier of the application substance reservoir may contain, for example, information regarding the prevailing filling level of the application substance reservoir and the type of application substance. The electric toothbrush has a data receiver for reading the data stored in the data carrier, a data transmitter for writing to the data carrier, and a control unit which may display the filling level in the application substance reservoir or the particular application substance used.

Abstract: An oral care implement includes a head and a plurality of cleaning elements for enhanced cleaning of the teeth and soft tissue of the oral cavity. One tooth cleaning element has a plurality of bristles adapted to clean teeth. Another cleaning element is connected to the head and has structure defining a channel. The channel is configured to direct fluid in contact with the head toward an edge of the head when the implement is moved. The head also defines a reservoir that is configured to receive a dentifrice therein.

Abstract: Personal gel soap dispensers include a container, for example, having a size similar to a bar of hand soap or body soap, a quantity of gel soap in the container in an interior hollow space of the container, and at least one through opening, for example, a plurality of through openings extending from an interior hollow space of the container through the container.

Abstract: A brush having a body with scrubbing means (6), a compartment for washing liquid and a channelling means (18) is provided. The brush has first (12) and second apertures for fluid communication between surfaces of the brush and the compartment The brush is particularly suitable for cleaning of non-horizontal surfaces.