Abstract: A hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) is formed by coating a hydrocarbon trapping material onto a carrier (21A). A number of exhaust gas passages (34) are formed in the carrier (21A) and a plurality of slits (22) are formed on the carrier (21A) to cross the passages (24) in a transverse orientation. The slits (22) delay temperature increases in the downstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) and delay the release of trapped hydrocarbons therefrom. This is due to blocking the transmission of heat to the downstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) from the upstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25). The slits (22) further produce a turbulent flow in the flow of exhaust gas and promote diffusion of exhaust gas over the entire surface of the carrier (21A).

Abstract: A system is provided that combines an oxygen enrichment device (OBOGS) for generating oxygen-enriched air with a fuel cell system that includes, but is not limited to a fuel cell for using the oxygen-enriched air as a reaction gas within the fuel cell, as a result of which the output of the fuel cell is improved while the size and weight of the fuel cell remain the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating flue gas containing sulfur dioxide using a scrubber, and more particularly relates to recovering gypsum and magnesium hydroxide products from the scrubber blowdown. The gypsum and magnesium hydroxide products are created using two separate precipitation reactions. Gypsum is crystallized when magnesium sulfate reacts with calcium chloride. Magnesium hydroxide is precipitated when magnesium chloride from the gypsum crystallization process reacts with calcium hydroxide. The process produces a high quality gypsum with a controllable pH and particle size distribution, as well as high quality magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is used to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the biogas produced in an anaerobic digester. The cleaned biogas is then combusted in a reciprocating engine. The exhaust of the engine is passed through a heat exchanger and then through GAC in an adsorber to adsorb nitrogen oxides (NOx) and any sulfur oxides (SOx). The GACs containing NOx, H2S, and SOx, are transported to a microwave reactor, mixed, and exposed to microwave energy. The H2S and NOx are desorbed from the GAC and chemically combined to produce nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur and water. Unreacted nitrogen oxides or hydrogen sulfide are transported to a second reactor containing carbon media to be reacted by a further microwave process. Sulfur is removed with a filter as a solid and the remaining inert components are vented to the atmosphere. The GAC is regenerated and reused to remove additional H2S and NOx.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides which is capable of keeping sufficient denitrification performance, i.e., a high removal rate of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas having a high NO2 content especially under conditions where the ratio of NO2/NO in exhaust gas is 1 or higher, a catalyst molded product therefor, and an exhaust gas treating method. The catalyst is designed for removing nitrogen oxides, which is used to denitrify exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides having a high NO2 content, which comprises: at least one kind of oxide selected from the group consisting of copper oxides, chromium oxides, and iron oxides as a component for reducing NO2 to No; and which further comprises: at least one kind of titanium oxide; at least one kind of tungsten oxide; and at least one kind of vanadium oxide as components for reducing NO to N2.

Abstract: This Invention relates to a kind of devices with no emission resulted for treatment of exhaust gas. The Device comprises a vessel having openings that serve only as inlet. At least two exchange sections are provided inside the vessel after inlet of exhaust gas. There is a gas chamber at each connection part between two sequential sections. The gas exchange chamber at the first gas exchange section has a through opening leading to outside atmosphere area, and at each one from the second to the last exchange section, there is a feedback pipe to connect to the inlet of the first stage of exchange section. With this configuration, on entering into the exchange section, exhaust gas will be ejected inwards and causes very strong entrainment, which makes the gas chamber become vacuum and sucks air with oxygen from atmosphere into gas chamber via the through opening to atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilizing hydrogen peroxide are useful to reduce NOx, SOx and mercury (or other heavy metal) emissions from combustion flue gas streams. Continuous concentration of hydrogen peroxide to levels approaching or exceeding propellant-grade hydrogen peroxide facilitates increased system efficiency. In this manner, combustion flue gas streams can be treated for the removal of NOx, SOx and heavy metals, while isolating useful by-products streams of sulfuric acid and nitric acid as well as solids for the recovery of the heavy metals.

Abstract: A catalytic converter includes an inlet. A first sub-section of substrate is located a first distance from the inlet that includes a first catalyst coating having a first density. A second sub-section of substrate is located a second distance from the inlet that includes a second catalyst coating having a second density. The second distance is greater than the first distance and the second density is greater than the first density.

Abstract: A method for treating waste gas containing acid and/or base, employing fine spray-scrubbing technology for treating the waste gas mentioned above, wherein the scrubbing solution is atomized to generate mists with droplet size of 1 to 100 ?m. Another feature of the present invention is to combine the application of surfactant in wet scrubbing technology for treating waste gas containing acids, bases, or both, especially, in a low concentration. Another feature of the present invention is to combine spray tower and/or packed tower and/or other scrubbers vertically/horizontally to get enhanced performance of the conventional control systems.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method of operating a NOx abatement system comprises: introducing an exhaust stream to an ammonia generator in a normal flow direction, adsorbing NOx from the exhaust stream in the ammonia generator, diverting the exhaust stream around the ammonia generator, introducing hydrogen to the ammonia generator in a direction opposite the normal flow direction, and generating ammonia within the ammonia generator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a honeycomb structure 1 comprising partition walls 2 so as to form a plurality of cells 3 extending from one end face 42 to the other end face 44, and a plug portion 4 plugging the cell 3 at the end face 42 and/or 44. In the honeycomb structure 1, the plug portion 4 has a hollow and convex shape, and at least a part of the plug portion 4 is protruding from the end face.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus (20) for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and CO in an exhaust gas stream (18) such as produced by a gas turbine engine (12) of a power generating station (10). The treatment apparatus includes a multifunction catalytic element (26) having an upstream reducing-only portion (28) and a downstream reducing-plus-oxidizing portion (30) that is located downstream of an ammonia injection apparatus (24). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx is promoted in the upstream portion of the catalytic element by the injection of ammonia in excess of the stoichiometric concentration, with the resulting ammonia slip being oxidized in the downstream portion of the catalytic element. Any additional NOx generated by the oxidation of the ammonia is further reduced in the downstream portion before being passed to the atmosphere (22).

Abstract: Methods and configurations are drawn to a plant in which an effluent gas with a sulfur dioxide content of more than 1.5% is mixed with a substantially sulfur dioxide free offgas from a contactor to form a mixed feed gas for a hydrogenation reactor, wherein the mixed feed gas has a sulfur dioxide content of less than 1.5%.

Abstract: A process for the abatement of hydrogen sulphide in refinery gases by means of a liquid-ring compressor (10) uses, as service liquid, an aqueous solution of amines already available in the refinery itself. The process also comprises a stage of washing of the gas discharged by the compressor, by means of a column (20) mounted on a three-phase separator supplied with a regenerated solution of amines. The treatment in the liquid-ring compressor enables an effective abatement of the amount of hydrogen sulphide to be achieved, which can be further improved by washing using a regenerated amine solution supplied to the column set above the liquid/gas separator (18) downstream of the compressor.

Abstract: A forced regeneration device which performs regeneration of a particulate filter includes oxidation catalysts (23, 24a) disposed upstream from the particulate filter or in said particulate filter and a burner (30) located upstream from the oxidation catalysts and operable switching between a combustion mode for combusting a fuel spray by inflammation to raise temperature of exhaust gases in an exhaust passage and a fuel supply mode for supplying only a fuel spray to the exhaust passage without inflammation. After the burner operates in the combustion mode, the burner operation is switched to the fuel supply mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas treatment apparatus for treating the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises several compartments within which one or more treatments are to be performed upon a gas flowing through the compartments. At least one compartment includes a treatment element secured against axial movement at each end. The treatment element is secured at least at one end by removable axial retaining apparatus. The removable axial retaining apparatus includes a secured member secured against axial movement. The treatment element is removable from within the compartment by axial movement after the removable axial retaining apparatus has been removed.

Abstract: A method for facilitating reducing mercury in a fluid stream using a catalytic bed assembly including at least a first catalytic bed. The method includes receiving a flow of fluid including mercury at the catalytic bed assembly; injecting a flow of a compound including ammonia and a first mercury oxidizer upstream of the first catalytic bed; and oxidizing the mercury using the mercury oxidizer and the catalytic bed assembly.

Abstract: An upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst are disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine. The downstream catalyst contains in the same catalyst layer thereof. Rh-doped CeZrNd mixed oxide particles on which Rh is supported and active alumina particles on which Pt is supported. The upstream catalyst is a three-way catalyst containing an oxygen storage component having a lower oxygen storage capacity than the Rh-doped CeZrNd mixed oxide.

Abstract: A compact fuel processor for converting a hydro-carbonaceous fuel into hydrogen and carbon dioxide having in series a hydrocarbon conversion zone for converting the hydro-carbonaceous fuel into a product gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a water-gas shift reaction zone containing a catalyst suitable for the water-gas shift conversion reaction, an auxiliary water-gas shift reaction zone containing a catalyst suitable for the water-gas shift conversion reaction, and a carbon monoxide removal zone. The invention further relates to a fuel cell system having such a fuel processor and a fuel cell and to the use of such a fuel processor or such a fuel cell system.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization apparatus includes at least one activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in a catalyst unit 6, the board being formed by alternatingly juxtaposing one or more plate-like activated carbon fiber sheets and one or more corrugated activated carbon fiber sheets so as to provide vertically extending conduits, wherein water for producing sulfuric acid is supplied, through a capillary phenomenon, to the activated carbon fiber board 20 provided in the catalyst unit 6. The flue gas desulfurization apparatus attains removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) by adding a minimum required amount of water to the activated carbon fiber board 20 so as to attain uniform water distribution and can reduce the amount of water required for removing sulfur oxides (SOx).

Abstract: An improved reaction tube having an interior configured for bifurcated chambers. The present device has an inert chamber and a catalyst chamber where the materials contained therein are decoupled from one another. This improved tube is especially beneficial as it provides for greater working efficiency, preservation of catalytic materials, straightforward maintenance and replacement procedures, and effective isolation of unwanted particles.

Abstract: Fluorine compounds such as C2F6, CF4, CHF3, SF6 and NF3, are made in contact with a fluorine compound decomposition catalyst and a catalyst the decomposition oft least one of CO, SO2F2 and N2O in the presence of water or in the presence of water and oxygen. The catalyst the decomposition oft least one of CO, SO2F2 and N2O preferably contains at least one selected from Pd, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir and Au in the form of a metal or an oxide. According to the invention, the fluorine compound can be converted to HF, which is liable to be absorbed by water or an alkaline aqueous solution, and a substance, such as CO, SO2F2 and N2O, formed by decomposition of the fluorine compound can also be decomposed.

Abstract: A NOx-trap composition comprises: (a) at least one first NOx storage component comprising at least one alkali metal supported on at least one first support material; and (b) a platinum oxidation catalyst and at least one second NOx storage component not being an alkali metal supported on at least one second support material, whereby the platinum oxidation catalyst and the at least one alkali metal are physically segregated thereby susbtantially maintaining the hydrocarbon conversion activity of the platinum oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, and at least one catalytic layer. Also provided are methods for preparing the catalyst and methods for monitoring the oxygen storage capacity of an exhaust article containing the catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of converting flue gases produced by a fossil fuel burning furnace boiler is disclosed. The flue gas is separated into its constituent parts by cooling and filtering. Carbon dioxide, the main constituent, is then converted to carbon monoxide in a laser powered gas converter in which carbon is a catalyst. The laser powered converter also produces hydrogen from steam, and the two newly produced gases are chemically combined to produce a hydrocarbon fuel product which can then be burned in the furnace boiler. In this manner no harmful greenhouse gases are permitted to escape to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A system and method for abating a simultaneous flow of silane and arsine contained in an exhaust gas of DRAM processing chamber (12). The system includes a CVD abatement apparatus (20) and a resin-type absorber (22). The CVD abatement apparatus comprises an enclosure (24) that defines a chamber (26) for receiving the exhaust gas. The enclosure contains a plurality of removable substrates (32) arranged as a series of baffles inside the enclosure. As the exhaust gas flows through the CVD abatement apparatus, the silicon within the silane is deposited as a film upon the substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The arsine continues to flow through the CVD apparatus to the absorber where it is adsorbed by the resin contained therein. After the film has reached a particular thickness, the substrates can be removed from the enclosure, cleaned of the film and returned to the enclosure for further use.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system of the present invention comprises a first catalyst which contains a noble metal and reduces hydrocarbons contained in exhaust gas, and a second catalyst which is disposed downstream of the first catalyst and contains ?-zeolite. In the exhaust gas purifying system, a mixed gas having an air-fuel ratio of not less than 25 is burned in an internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine discharges the exhaust gas having an oxygen concentration of not less than 4% continuously or intermittently.

Abstract: Device for treatment of a gas flow having at least one body (3) that is adapted to cause a conversion in the composition of the gas. The device is characterized in that the body (3) has a modular construction comprising a plurality of sections (26, 26?, 27, 27?, 36) with different internal structures that allow gas to flow through the section, and that the sections (26, 26?, 27, 27?, 36) are arranged so that at least a portion of the gas flows through at least two sections with different internal structures during operation of the device.

Abstract: In an integrated process for the production of synthesis gas, a partial oxidation unit and a steam methane reformer are used to convert natural gas or another fuel to first and second mixtures of at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen, only the first process consuming oxygen. Carbon dioxide derived from the second mixture is sent to the inlet of the first process to reduce the oxygen consumption. The first and optionally second mixtures may be used as synthesis gas for a process such as a Fischer Tropsch process.

Abstract: An automobile exhaust filter that both traps particulates while altering the concentration of one or more gaseous species is provided. This dual functionality is combined in a single device by utilizing a reactive material that simultaneously alters gaseous component concentration while filtering out particulate material. The automobile exhaust filter is suitable for inclusion in the exhaust of a diesel-powered vehicle. A method utilizing the automobile exhaust catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A compact sulfur recovery system is disclosed which comprises a primary structure including a catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone, a first temperature-control zone, a first Claus catalytic reaction zone, a second temperature-control zone, a first liquid sulfur outlet, and a first effluent gas outlet. In some embodiments, a secondary structure follows the primary structure and comprises a second Claus catalytic reaction zone, a third temperature-control zone, a second liquid sulfur outlet, and a second effluent gas outlet. One or more components of the system employ heat transfer enhancement material in the temperature-control zones, and one or more components deter accumulation of liquid sulfur in the Claus catalytic reaction zones.

Abstract: A method of reducing exhaust emission from a catalytic converter apparatus of a vehicle, the apparatus including at least one catalytic converter, each of the at least one catalytic converter having a catalyst brick positioned within a predefined length of the vehicle. The method includes directing exhaust to pass more than once through the predefined length through at least one of the at least one catalyst brick. The converter apparatus can accelerate catalyst conversion reactions and thus accelerate converter system light-off.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device comprising at least an electrostatic filter (20) with corona effect comprising an emitting structure (29, 32, 33) and a collector structure (24). The invention is characterized in that the collector structure (24) comprises a plurality of cavities trapping the particles contained in the gas medium, such as gases of an internal combustion engine. The emitting structure (29, 32, 33) comprises a plurality of serrated plates such as ratchets (32) designed to be connected to a high voltage circuit. Preferably, the collector structure (24) comprises a separator formed of a wire mesh. Advantageously, said device is associated with an oxidation catalytic converter and/or a continuously regenerating mechanical filter and/or suction means.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing lower mass sulfides with a sulfide scrubbing medium capable of regeneration. The sequential order of gas flow through three vessels is altered. A first of the three vessels is maintained in a scrubbing mode, scrubbing to breakthrough sulphur from the gas that passes through it. A second of the three vessels is maintained in a conditioning mode. Sulfide scrubbing medium in the vessel removes any residue of sulphur from the gas while being conditioned by such limited exposure to sulphur. A third of the three vessels is maintained in a regeneration mode. Saturated sulfide scrubbing medium in the vessel removes excess oxygen from the gas while being regenerated by such exposure to oxygen.

Abstract: An exhaust system (10) for a lean-burn internal combustion engine comprises a nitrogen oxide (NOx) absorbent (28), a catalyst (30) for catalyzing the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of a NOx with a NOx specific reactant, first means (18, 22) for introducing a NOx specific reactant or a precursor thereof into an exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst (30) and means (24) for controlling the introduction of the NOx-specific reactant or precursor thereof into the exhaust gas via the first introducing means (18, 22), wherein the SCR catalyst (30) is disposed upstream of the NOx absorbent (28) and optionally with the NOx absorbent, wherein the control means (24) is arranged to introduce the NOx-specific reactant or the precursor thereof to exhaust gas via the first introducing means (18, 22) only when the SCR catalyst (30) is active, whereby exhaustion of NOx-specific reactant to atmosphere is substantially prevented.

Abstract: The conversion of NOx to nitrogen in the exhaust of a lean burn engine using a hydrocarbon assisted-selective catalytic reduction system is benefited by a two-stage oxidation catalyst-reduction catalyst SCR reactor. The character and quantity of the oxidation catalyst is managed to just activate the hydrocarbon reductant at low temperatures (but not fully burn it at high temperatures) to increase its NOx reduction efficiency as the exhaust then contacts the larger reduction catalyst stage of the two-stage reactor.

Abstract: Conventional hydrogen purification apparatuses cannot be used satisfactorily for applications in which much time is required for startup of the apparatus, and the apparatus is repeatedly started and stopped at frequent intervals because of complicated handling. In a hydrogen purification apparatus comprising at least a catalysis body removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam, the catalyst body is constituted by a carrier comprised of a complex oxide in which at least one of Mo, W and Re is compounded with Zr, or comprised of an oxide of one of Mo, W, Re and Zr, and at least one of Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru carried on the surface of the carrier.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for recovering elemental sulfur from a H2S-containing waste gas stream are disclosed. The apparatus preferably comprises a first reaction zone for carrying out the catalytic partial oxidation of H2S, a second reaction zone for the catalytic partial reduction of any incidental SO2 produced in the first reaction zone, and a cooling zone including a sulfur condenser. According to a preferred embodiment of the process, a mixture of H2S and O2 contacts a catalyst in the first reaction zone very briefly (i.e, less than about 200 milliseconds) producing primarily S0 and H2O. Some SO2 is also present in the first stage product gas mixture. A reductant gas (e.g. CO, or CH4 or natural gas) is fed together with the first stage product gas mixture to a second catalytic reaction zone where the partial reduction of the SO2 component to elemental sulfur and CO2 is carried out.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system has a reformer (4) for reforming a fuel to produce a reformate gas; a shift converter (5) for reacting carbon monoxide (CO) contained in a reformate gas with water to produce hydrogen (H2); a CO oxidizer (6) which removes CO discharged from the shift converter; and a startup combustor (11) for supplying combustion gas to the reformer (4), a shift converter (5) and CO oxidizer (6) to warm up them. An NOx trap (16) is disposed downstream of the startup combustor so as to adsorb nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion gas. A fuel reforming system further has a controller for controlling warm-up operations. When the warm-up operation for the reformer, the shift converter and the CO oxidizer is completed, the reformate reactions are commenced in the reformer (4). The NOx trapped by the NOx trap is decomposed by the reformate gas which contains CO gas and H2 gas.

Abstract: A device (1) for separating sulphur dioxide from a gas has an inlet (2) for the gas (4) and an outlet (42) for gas (40), from which sulphur dioxide has been separated. An apertured plate (20) is arranged between the inlet (2) and the outlet (42) and allows the gas (4) to pass from below. On its upper side (22), the apertured plate supports a flowing layer (24) of absorption liquid. An inlet duct (12) connects a container (6) for absorption liquid to the upper side (22) of the apertured plate (20). A means (10) conveys the absorption liquid (8) from the container (6), through the inlet duct (12), to the upper side (22) of the apertured plate (20) and along the apertured plate (20).

Abstract: A gas cleaning system for removing at least a portion of contaminants, such as halides, sulfur, particulates, mercury, and others, from a synthesis gas (syngas). The gas cleaning system may include one or more filter vessels coupled in series for removing halides, particulates, and sulfur from the syngas. The gas cleaning system may be operated by receiving gas at a first temperature and pressure and dropping the temperature of the syngas as the gas flows through the system. The gas cleaning system may be used for an application requiring clean syngas, such as, but not limited to, fuel cell power generation, IGCC power generation, and chemical synthesis.

Abstract: A particulate filter integrally carrying an oxidation catalyst is arranged in an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas from a diesel engine flows. A NOx-absorption reduction catalyst is arranged in the exhaust pipe and downstream of the particulate filter. A bypass line is branched from a portion of the exhaust pipe between the particulate filter and the reduction catalyst and is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe downstream of the reduction catalyst. A selector valve is arranged at the branch point of the bypass line and may be switched over to guide the exhaust gas either to the reduction catalyst or to the bypass line. As a result, without difficultly controlling the operation of the diesel engine, the reduction catalyst is prevented from being poisoned and deteriorated by sulfate, the lowering of the ratio of NOx purification through the NOx-absorption reduction catalyst is averted and prolongation of its life is attained.

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A desulfurization apparatus for desulfurizing a flue gas containing sulfur oxides through contact with a porous carbon material. The carbon material, which is provided in a desulfurization tower, is at least one species selected from activated carbon and activated carbon fiber. The apparatus contains an NO2-gas-feeding apparatus for feeding NO2 gas into the desulfurization tower. Within the desulfurization tower, a showering mechanism is provided at the top, the showering mechanism adjusting water content of the flue gas in the desulfurization tower to that corresponding to saturation with water vapor or higher at the treatment temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides a filter system and particulate filter unit therefor. The filter system may act as a purifier and a muffler for heavy and light duty diesel vehicles. The invention includes one or more combination filter units that remove particulates and nitrogen oxides in successive passes before the gas exits. A particulate filter unit may be used that removes additional particulates.

Abstract: System for removal of targeted pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, mercury compounds and ash, from combustion and other industrial process gases and processes utilizing the system. Oxides of manganese are utilized as the primary sorbent in the system for removal or capture of pollutants. The oxides of manganese are introduced from feeders into reaction zones of the system where they are contacted with a gas from which pollutants are to be removed. With respect to pollutant removal, the sorbent may interact with a pollutant as a catalyst, reactant, adsorbent or absorbent. Removal may occur in single-stage, dual-stage, or multi-stage systems with a variety of different configurations and reaction zones, e.g., bag house, cyclones, fluidized beds, and the like. Process parameters, particularly system differential pressure, are controlled by electronic controls to maintain minimal system differential pressure, and to monitor and adjust pollutant removal efficiencies.

Abstract: A CFB reactor or combustor having a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system (150) employed downstream of the CFB reactor or combustor furnace (10) together with a dry scrubber system (220) to achieve enhanced NOx reduction.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for treating exhaust gases, comprising an aeration stirring tank (5) employing an aqueous alkaline liquid, and, as a posterior stage, a gas-liquid contact device (7) and/or a packed column (11). The apparatus can remove at the posterior stage harmful gases that the aeration stirring tank fails to remove, for example, water-soluble organic compounds such as ethanol, halogenated silicon compounds such as SiCl4, and halogen gases such as F2 and Cl2. The process and apparatus are particularly suitable for purifying exhaust gases discharged from a semiconductor production device.

Abstract: The invention is in an apparatus for the remediation of particulate material and gaseous pollutants from a flue gas flow that is simple and highly efficient in removing nearly all toxic pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide, from a flue gas flow, and includes a manifold that is to receive and pass a polluted flue gas flow that mounts an injector that is fitted into the manifold wall to inject finely ground sorbent materials counter-current to the flue gas flow, creating turbulence and a thorough mixing to effect compaction and/or agglomerization of the pollutant and sorbent particles.

Abstract: An integrated air foil and ammonia injection grid provides a plurality of air foils across a flue conveying flue gas. Each air foil has a leading curved edge and a tapered, pointed, trailing end. At least one injection pipe is positioned inside each air foil, and has at least one nozzle for injecting ammonia into the flue gas flowing across the air foils. Preferably, plural injection tubes are provided and positioned one behind the other in each air foil, and each injection tube in a given air foil has a length different than a length of the other injection tubes in the same air foil. A longest injection tube in a given air foil is located furthest downstream and proximate the tapered trailing edge and a shortest injection tube in the same air foil is located furthest upstream, remaining injection tubes in the same air foil being progressively shorter the further upstream any injection tube is located.