Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a particulate filter comprising a pretreatment. In one example, a method may include applying a pretreatment to an unused particulate filter, wherein the particulate filter is subjected to incomplete oxidation conditions following application of the pretreatment.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas cleaning oxidation catalyst and in particular to an oxidation catalyst for cleaning the exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines of compression ignition type (particularly diesel engines). The invention further relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising an oxidising catalyst on a substrate monolith for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine. In particular, the invention relates to a catalysed substrate monolith comprising a first washcoat coating and a second washcoat coating, wherein the second washcoat coating is disposed in a layer above the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photocatalyst filter that can efficiently decompose and eliminate ozone gas or VOC and has a low ventilation resistance. The photocatalyst filter includes a sheet-like filter substrate and a photocatalyst layer supported by the filter substrate. The photocatalyst layer exhibits a photocatalytic action by receiving light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. The photocatalyst filter has an aperture ratio of 35% or more and 80% or less.

Abstract: An exhaust component includes a housing defining an internal cavity, at least one exhaust aftertreatment component positioned within the internal cavity, and a heat exchanger. The housing has an inlet configured to receive engine exhaust gases and an outlet configured to direct the engine exhaust gasses into a tailpipe. A reductant source is associated with the housing and produces ammonia to mix with engine exhaust gases entering the exhaust aftertreatment component. The heat exchanger is positioned within the internal cavity to reduce a temperature of the engine exhaust gases exiting the outlet.

Abstract: In a selective catalytic reductant dosing system including a reductant injector adapted to inject liquid reductant into an exhaust line, a method of analyzing flow of reductant through the injector includes determining a measure of the temperature of the injector prior to activation of the injector. The method also includes activating the injector and determining a measure of the temperature of the injector subsequent to activation of the injector. The method also includes analyzing the flow of reductant through the injector consequential to the activation by analyzing changes in the measure of temperature of the injector prior to activation and the measure of temperature of the injector subsequent to activation.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst, characterized by having a catalyst layer containing palladium, rhodium, and alumina, which supports a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal selected from barium sulfate and strontium sulfate, and the correlation coefficients ?Pd,AE and ?Rh,AE calculated from the characteristic X-ray intensity measured using an electron beam micro-analyzer for the palladium, rhodium, and alkaline-earth metal being +0.75 to +1.00 and 0.00 to +0.25, respectively, using 350 points as measurement points obtained by equally dividing the catalyst layer into 351 parts in the thickness direction on a virtual straight line that runs through the catalyst layer in the thickness direction.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, especially diesel internal combustion engine, includes an exhaust gas flow duct (12). At least one exhaust gas treatment unit (23, 26, 28, 30) is provided in an exhaust gas treatment duct area (16) of the exhaust gas flow duct (12). The exhaust gas treatment duct area (16) of the exhaust gas flow duct (12) extends, in at least some areas, in an insulation volume (20), through which exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas treatment duct area (16) can flow.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes: a honeycomb structure body including a plurality of cells; and a plugging portion to alternately plug open end parts of the plurality of cells on one side as an inflow side of the exhaust gas and open end parts on the other side as an outflow side of the exhaust gas. The partition wall is loaded, on the side of the outflow cells, with an oxidation catalyst made of a transition metal oxide to oxidize NO gas or an oxidation catalyst made of a transition metal oxide loaded at CeO2 to oxidize NO gas. The partition wall has porosity of 70% or less, the oxidation catalyst has a particle diameter of more than 1 ?m and less than 50.0 ?m, and the loading amount of the oxidation catalyst is 5.0 g/L or more and 50 g/L or less.

Abstract: A reactant introduction device, for introducing reactant into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, includes a reactant introduction housing (16) with a reactant introduction space (20) surrounded by a housing wall (18). The housing wall (18) includes an incoming flow wall area (30) positioned upstream in relation to an exhaust gas flow direction (A), an outgoing flow wall area (32) positioned downstream, in relation to the exhaust gas flow direction (A) and two side wall areas (34, 36) between the incoming flow wall area (30) and the outgoing flow wall area (32). At least one flow-through opening (72, 74, 76) is provided in at least one side wall area (34, 36) or/and in the outgoing flow wall area (32). A reactant injection device (28) injects reactant into the reactant introduction space (20) in a reactant introduction direction (E) onto a heatable reactant release element (48).

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, especially for the internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas duct (12) carrying an exhaust gas stream (A) and a reactant release arrangement (18) for releasing a reactant ® into the exhaust gas stream (A). A bypass flow generation arrangement (25) generates a bypass flow (M) surrounding the reactant stream ® that is released from the reactant release arrangement (18).

Abstract: The high temperature titanium-catalyst comprises a body, the body having a hot gas inlet and a hot gas outlet. The body comprises an array of titanium containing catalytic elements, wherein the array of titanium containing catalytic elements is arranged such that hot gas containing an amount of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) may enter the body at the hot gas inlet, may pass through the array of titanium containing catalytic elements and may leave the body at the hot gas outlet. When the titanium-catalyst is in use, Cr(VI) in the hot gas containing an amount of Cr(VI) reacts with titanium oxide in a surface layer of the titanium containing catalytic elements, whereby the Cr(VI) is reduced to trivalent chromium Cr(III) thus reducing the amount of Cr(VI) in the hot gas containing an amount of Cr(VI).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a diesel oxidation catalyst. In one example, the diesel oxidation catalyst comprises a washcoat with different catalytically active portions for reacting with one or more of carbon containing compounds and NOx. The diesel oxidation catalyst is located upstream of a particulate filter in an exhaust passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing mercury from flue gases from combustion plants, wherein the process comprises providing an adsorbent based on carbon, producing an aqueous suspension comprising the adsorbent, introducing the suspension into the flue gas stream from the combustion plants into the dry gas phase of the flue gas which is undersaturated with water vapor and loading the adsorbent with mercury over a predetermined reaction path, keeping the mercury-laden adsorbent out of the flue gas stream and landfilling or regenerating the mercury-laden adsorbent.

Abstract: A CPU of an analysis apparatus performs a fluid analysis and derives transient distribution information that represents an accumulation distribution of a particulate layer on an inflow-side inner circumferential surface of a honeycomb structure at a time point after a short time interval ?t (step S130). The CPU then repeatedly performs a fluid analysis by taking into account the transient distribution information derived previous time to repeatedly derive transient distribution information (steps S130 to S150) and then derives post-transient-analysis distribution information that represents the accumulation distribution of the particulate layer at a later time point (step S160).

Abstract: A gaseous emissions treatment assembly has a honeycomb ceramic substrate body with a plurality of cells for passage of exhaust gases. Respective lengths of metal wire are located in a number of the cells. An induction heating coil is mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field, thereby inductively to heat the lengths of wire and thereby to heat the substrate body.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification material according to the present invention is provided with a particulate filter 10 that traps particulate matter in exhaust gas and contains an SCR catalyst for adsorbing ammonia and reducing NOx in the exhaust gas. A maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia adsorbable by the filter 10 differs between an upstream portion 10a of the filter 10 including an exhaust gas inlet-side end 10c, and a downstream portion 10b of the filter 10 including an exhaust gas outlet-side end 10d. The SCR catalyst contained in the upstream portion 10a and the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream portion 10b are qualitatively different. A ratio (B/A) of a maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia A in the upstream portion 10a and a maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia B in the downstream portion 10b satisfies the relationship 1.1?(B/A)?2.

Abstract: A vehicle and a control method thereof are provided. The vehicle includes an engine, a catalytic converter including catalyst for purifying exhaust gas discharged from the engine and a sensing unit that is disposed between the engine and the catalytic converter. The sensing unit outputs an electrical signal in response to sensing of gas and a controller starts the engine based on the electrical signal output from the sensing unit and a mileage of the vehicle.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery comprises a flame arrestor plug (1) for controlled venting of gases from the battery through the vent hole (3), wherein the flame arrestor plug has a valve element (5) for controlling the venting of gas from the vent hole and a plug portion (4) which is adjacent to or in contact with the battery casing (2) around the vent hole and which, together with the battery casing, defines a flow path through which gases released through the valve element can escape from the battery, at least a portion of the flow path being of sufficiently narrow cross-section to prevent propagation of a flame along the flow path.

Abstract: An extrusion apparatus including a die and a mask are provided such that no slots feed directly into the longitudinal skin forming gap between the mask and the die. In a method of forming a die adapted to improve skin uniformity of extruded cellular ceramic substrates a slotted block of die material is provided including central slots adapted to form a cellular matrix of the substrate and peripheral slots located outwardly of the central slots designed to be covered by a skin former mask and adapted to extrude peripheral batch material. An arcuate skin former is cut corresponding to a target shrinkage so as to intersect the slotted block such that skin flow from tangent slots at 90 degree positions of the die is limited to the peripheral batch material.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for the purification of exhaust gases which are generated by a diesel engine with a charging turbine, and a special device for carrying out said method. The device comprises, in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, a dosing device for a reducing agent from a reducing agent reservoir (2), an SCR catalytic converter (3), an oxidation catalytic converter (4) and a diesel particle filter (5). The system is particularly suitable for the purification of the exhaust gases of diesel vehicles in which engines with a turbocharger (charging turbine (1)) and an exhaust-gas recirculation device are used, which engines generate exhaust gases which, in addition to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particles, have nitrogen oxides with an NO2/NOX ratio of between 0.3 and 0.7.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst that includes a transition metal tungstate having the formula: MWO4 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. The catalyst may be utilized in various environments including oxygen rich and oxygen deficient environments.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an engine has a volume element such as a muffler or a silencer. First and second exhaust pipes are connected as dual exhaust pipes upstream of or downstream of the volume element. The first exhaust pipe has a first length (L1). A valve is positioned in the second exhaust pipe at a distance (D) from the volume element. The distance D is a fraction of L1 such that the second pipe is a resonator for the first pipe with the valve in a closed position. A method of controlling exhaust noise includes positioning a valve in the first exhaust pipe at a distance (D) from a volume element with D being a specified fraction of a length of the second exhaust pipe, and closing the valve such that the first pipe provides a resonator for the second pipe to counteract standing wave in the second pipe.

Abstract: A method for a vehicle comprises responsive to installation of a new exhaust particulate filter, doping fuel with an ash-producing additive, and combusting the doped fuel to produce ash, wherein the ash deposits as an ash coating on the new exhaust particulate filter. In this way, a filtration efficiency of an exhaust particulate filter can be increased quickly as compared to a filter with no deposited ash coating, inexpensively as compared to conventional methods using membranes, and with a lower back pressure drop as compared to conventional methods.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter includes a plurality of cells and porous cell walls. Exhaust gas is to flow through the plurality of cells. The plurality of cells include exhaust gas introduction cells and exhaust gas emission cells. The honeycomb filter has a round cross sectional shape. Each of the exhaust gas emission cells is adjacently surrounded fully by the exhaust gas introduction cells. In the cross section, the exhaust gas introduction cells and the exhaust gas emission cells each have a polygonal shape. In the cross section, a side forming a cross sectional shape of each of the first exhaust gas introduction cells faces one of the exhaust gas emission cells, a side forming a cross sectional shape of each of the second exhaust gas introduction cells faces one of the exhaust gas emission cells.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas purifying apparatus including a first catalyst and a second catalyst that passes exhaust gas from the first catalyst, in which the temperature of the second catalyst can be increased in an early stage after an engine is started, and thus exhaust gas purification efficiency can be enhanced in an earlier stage than in conventional apparatuses. The apparatus includes an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that includes a first catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from an exhaust manifold and a second catalyst for purifying exhaust gas having passed through the first catalyst. The heat capacity of the first catalyst is lower than that of the second catalyst. The heat capacity of the second catalyst is 184 to 322 J/K under a temperature environment of 25° C., and that of the first catalyst is less than or equal to 20 J/K under a temperature environment of 25° C.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalyst article has a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia.

Abstract: An apparatus for aftertreatment of exhaust gas includes a housing configured to define an inner cavity; an exhaust inlet arranged to the housing for entering exhaust gas flow to the inner cavity; a mixer unit arranged in the inner cavity to dispense a reactant to the exhaust gas flow; a mixing device, located downstream of the mixer unit, to evenly mix the reactant to the exhaust gas flow. The mixing device includes: a toroidal cylinder to receive the exhaust gas flow from the mixer unit via a solid tubular element, wherein the solid tubular element is in a centric manner to a first base of the toroidal cylinder for guiding the exhaust gas flow led into the toroidal cylinder to swirl inside the toroidal cylinder; and an exhaust outlet arranged to a curved side of the toroidal cylinder, to exit the exhaust gas flow from the mixing device.

Abstract: An aftertreatment system comprises a SCR system including a catalyst formulated to decompose constituents of an exhaust gas passing therethrough. A filter is positioned upstream of the SCR system. The filter comprises a sulfur suppressing compound formulated to reduce an amount of SOx gases included in the exhaust gas flowing through the aftertreatment system. In particular embodiments, the filter comprises a filter housing and a filter element positioned within the filter housing. The filter element comprises the sulfur suppressing compound.

Abstract: A retention material for a gas processing device including a processing structure and a casing for accommodating the processing structure, the retention material including inorganic fibers and being arranged between the processing structure and the casing, wherein in a test of repeating a cycle of compressing the retention material until a bulk density of the retention material becomes a prescribed compression bulk density, followed by retaining for 10 seconds, and then releasing until a bulk density of the retention material becomes a release bulk density that is smaller by 12% of said prescribed compression bulk density; a release surface pressure of the retention material after repeating the cycle 2500 times and the compression bulk density of the retention material satisfies the relationship, P?17.10×D?1.62 wherein P is the release surface pressure (N/cm2) and D is the compression bulk density (g/cm3).

Abstract: An assembly for treating gaseous emissions includes a substrate body having a front and a rear and cells for the passage of emissions gas. Inductance heating metal is located in the substrate body and an induction heating coil is mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field for inductively heating the metal and thereby heating the substrate body. A greater concentration of the metal is located near the front of the substrate body than near the rear.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion comprises a plurality of exhaust outlets distributed along a longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, wherein the exhaust outlets are configured to align with corresponding exhaust gas transfer tubes of the exhaust manifold and each exhaust outlet comprises a mating surface configured to receive flanges on the exhaust gas transfer tubes. The cylinder head further includes two or more abutment shoulders, each abutment shoulder associated with a different exhaust outlet and extending beyond the mating surfaces, the abutment shoulders being integral with the remainder of the cylinder head. The abutment shoulders each include an abutment surface configured to interface with the exhaust gas transfer tubes so as to restrict contraction of the exhaust manifold along a length of the exhaust manifold extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body that includes a porous partition wall which defines a plurality of cells serving as through channels of fluid and extending from an inflow end face as one end face to an outflow end face as the other end face, and a circumferential wall arranged on a circumferential surface of the honeycomb structure body. The circumferential wall has a thickness of 0.5 to 4.0 mm, a gap path is formed along a surface of the circumferential wall inside the circumferential wall, the gap path has a width of 0.4 to 4.0 mm, and has a height of 50 to 99% of the thickness of the circumferential wall, and a total length of the gap path is 1000% or more of a length in the cell extending direction of the honeycomb structure body.

Abstract: Ho Honeycomb monolith structure, especially for use in mass transfer-limited processes or processes for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides, comprising: a plurality of cell walls defining a plurality of polygonal channels, the plurality of cell walls and channels extending in parallel along a common direction from an entrance end to an outlet end of the structure in the fluid flow direction. The transversal cross section of a polygonal channel has the shape of a convex elongated polygon, wherein at least 50% of the internal angles between two adjacent walls of the convex polygon are above 90 degrees and wherein the cell diameter ratio LL/LS is greater than 1.5.

Abstract: A NOx catalyst is provided that can realize a favorable NOx reduction in a broad temperature region and that can lighten the overhead involved in production.

Abstract: An assembly for treating gaseous emissions includes a substrate body having cells for the passages of emissions gas. Lengths of metal wire are located in selected ones of the cells and an induction heating coil is mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field. In this way the metal wires are heated, resulting in heating of the substrate body and heating of exhaust gas flowing in the cells. The metal wires are distributed non-uniformly through the substrate body to obtain a desired heating pattern.

Abstract: A static mixer for mixing exhaust gases to be supplied to a selective catalytic reduction device located at the back of a boiler, includes a gas accommodation part having a first inlet and a plurality of second inlets partitioned from each other to introduce gases having different temperatures thereinto so that the gases introduced through the first inlet and the plurality of second inlets flow to a plurality of divided sections. A discharge part is provided that communicates with the gas accommodation part to collect and discharge the gases and a mixing plate part is provided, which has a plurality of unit plates disposed on the upper and lower portions of a hollow portion of the discharge part in such a manner as to have a given angle with respect to the directions of the gases discharged.

Abstract: There is provided an exhaust gas purification system including: a NOx storage-reduction catalyst that is provided in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine 10 to reduce and purify NOx in exhaust gas; a deterioration degree estimation module for estimating a degree of deterioration of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst; a NOx storage amount estimation module for estimating a NOx storage amount of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst; a regeneration control unit for starting a regeneration process in which a NOx storage capacity of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst is restored when a NOx storage amount that is estimated by the NOx storage amount estimation module reaches a predetermined storage amount threshold; and a storage amount threshold correction module for correcting the storage amount threshold based on the degree of deterioration that is estimated by the deterioration degree estimation module.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment device includes a housing having a wall. The wall of the housing defines an interior chamber. A substrate is supported by the housing within the interior chamber of the housing. The substrate extends along a longitudinal axis. The substrate includes a flow through structure that allows the flow of exhaust gas to flow through the substrate. The substrate includes a catalytic composition disposed thereon for reacting with the flow of exhaust gas. The substrate includes a cavity, extending along a cavity axis, which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the substrate. A sensor is attached to the housing. The sensor includes a probe that at least partially extends into the cavity of the substrate, for sensing a gaseous component in the flow of exhaust gas. The cavity mixes the flow of exhaust gas and directs the exhaust gas toward the probe of the sensor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst that has an excellent exhaust gas purification performance while suppressing pressure loss increases. The exhaust gas purification catalyst is provided with a substrate having a wall-flow structure and having a partition; a first catalyst layer formed, in a region of an interior part of the partition that is in contact with an entrance cell, along the extending direction of the partition from an exhaust gas inflow-side end for less than the total length Lw of the partition; and a second catalyst layer formed, in a region of an interior part of the partition that is in contact with an exit cell, along the extending direction of the partition from the exhaust gas outflow-side end for less than the total length Lw of the partition. The first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are configured to partially overlap with each other in the extending direction.

Abstract: A catalyst 20 provided for a filter body for combusting PM contains activated aluminas 21 and 22, active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24, catalytic metal 25, and alkali earth metal 26. The alkali earth metal 26 is loaded on each of the activated aluminas 21 and 22, and the active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24. A percentage by mass of the alkali earth metal 26, loaded on the active-oxygen-release materials 23 and 24, to the active-oxygen-release material is smaller than a percentage by mass of the alkali earth metal 26, loaded on the activated aluminas 21 and 22, to the activated alumina.

Abstract: A nanostructured composite material includes a substrate, a porous layer including a highly structured material, and a coating including nanoparticles. A method for forming the nanostructured composite material can include forming a porous layer on a substrate, the porous layer including a highly structured material, and applying nanoparticles to the porous layer to form the nanostructured composite material.

Abstract: System and methods for reducing secondary emissions in an exhaust stream from an internal combustion engine are disclosed. The systems and methods include a filtration device positioned downstream from an SCR catalyst of an aftertreatment system disposed in the exhaust system. The filtration device can also be used for particulate filter diagnostics and for treatment of ammonia slip.

Abstract: A processing apparatus equipped with a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, which is characterized in that corrugated plate-like glass fiber papers having a functional catalyst supported thereon and flat plate-like glass fiber papers having the same functional catalyst supported thereon are alternately laminated without being bonded to each other, to form a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure, and this catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure is packed in a casing.

Abstract: An air cleaner for a fuel cell system includes a housing, a first filter, and a second filter. The first filter is arranged inside the housing and collects dust contained in air. The second filter is arranged side by side with the first filter in an air flowing direction inside the housing and adsorbs impure gas contained in air. The first filter includes a filtering member, which has nonwoven fabric and filter paper adhered to the nonwoven fabric. The filter paper is located on a downstream side in the air flowing direction of the nonwoven fabric and has a higher packing density than the nonwoven fabric. The second filter includes a base member having a honeycomb structure with through-holes and adsorbent, which is provided on inner surfaces of the through-holes and adsorbs the impure gas.

Abstract: A Cu/ceramic bonded body according to the present invention is formed by bonding a copper member made of copper or a copper alloy and a ceramic member made of AlN or Al2O3 using a bonding material containing Ag and Ti, in which a Ti compound layer made of a Ti nitride or a Ti oxide is formed at a bonding interface between the copper member and the ceramic member, and Ag particles are dispersed in the Ti compound layer.

Abstract: Provide is a new carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst which exhibits excellent catalytic activity, particularly catalytic activity at a low temperature. Proposed is a carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst composed of particles which contain a silicate or phosphate containing one kind or two or more kinds among the elements belonging to Group 1 and Group 2 in the periodic table.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment device for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing, first and second catalytic substrates arranged inside the housing such that the first catalytic substrate is arranged upstream of the second catalytic substrate, and a reductant injector arranged in between the first and second catalytic substrates. Further, the first and second catalytic substrates are arranged such that a fluid flow direction through the exhaust gas aftertreatment device is angled. A flow redirecting wall is arranged downstream of the first catalytic substrate such that the fluid flow between the first and second catalytic substrates at least partially passes an outer circumference of the first catalytic substrate before reaching the second catalytic substrate. The redirecting wall is inclined to an outlet surface of the first catalytic substrate and the reductant injector is arranged at the redirecting wall at a position distant from the outlet surface.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas pathway configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a first ammonia injector configured to inject ammonia into the exhaust gas pathway at a first rate, and a first treatment element positioned downstream of the first ammonia injector. A second ammonia injector is positioned downstream of the first treatment element. The second ammonia injector is configured to inject ammonia into the exhaust gas pathway at a second rate. A controller is configured to estimate an amount of particulate present in the exhaust gas and adjust at least one of the first rate or the second rate based on the estimate.

Abstract: A catalytic article having a flow-through substrate having an inlet, an outlet, and an axial length; an SCR zone containing a first SCR catalyst; and an oxidation zone containing (a) an ASC zone and a DOC zone or (b) a mixed ASC and DOC zone, where the oxidation zone contains an ammonia oxidation catalyst and a DOC catalyst, the SCR zone is positioned on the substrate from the inlet end and extends less than the axial length of the substrate from the inlet, the DOC zone or the mixed ASC and DOC zone is position on the substrate from the outlet end, and when the DOC zone is present, the ASC zone is located between the SCR zone and the DOC zone. In other catalytic articles, the ASC zone further comprises a DEC catalyst. Methods of using the catalytic articles in an SCR process, where the amount of ammonia slip is reduced, are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for separating dirt particles from the working medium of a turbine (10). The turbine (10) comprises at least one rotor (11) which is arranged in a housing (17). A swirl generator (20) is provided that sets the working medium and the dirt particles in a spiral-shaped rotational movement along a principal axis (22) by means of the geometry of the swirl generator (20) and thereby separates the dirt particles from the working medium. The swirl generator (20) is designed in such a way that the working medium experiences a reversal of the speed component parallel to the principal axis (22) within the swirl generator (20).