Abstract: This invention is a process for decomposing ammonium nitrate and/or selected metal nitrates in an aqueous solution at an elevated temperature and pressure. Where the compound to be decomposed is a metal nitrate (e.g., a nuclear-fuel metal nitrate), a hydroxylated organic reducing agent therefor is provided in the solution. In accordance with the invention, an effective proportion of both nitromethane and nitric acid is incorporated in the solution to accelerate decomposition of the ammonium nitrate and/or selected metal nitrate. As a result, decomposition can be effected at significantly lower temperatures and pressures, permitting the use of system components composed of off-the-shelf materials, such as stainless steel, rather than more costly materials of construction. Preferably, the process is conducted on a continuous basis. Fluid can be automatically vented from the reaction zone as required to maintain the operating temperature at a moderate value--e.g., at a value in the range of from about 130.

Abstract: A method for reducing NO.sub.x in stack gases is disclosed which comprises contacting stack gas with a fluidized bed of pulverized coal at a temperature within the range from about 400.degree.-700.degree. C., passing the gaseous effluent from the fluidized bed reactor to a heat recovery unit to complete the combustion of volatiles evolved in the fluidized bed reactor and to recover the heat content of the treated stack gas, and then discharging the treated gas to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment of the method of this invention, the treated gases passing from the heat recovery unit are subjected to a sulfur compound removal step before being discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A hot gas containing nitrogen oxides is admixed with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water. Reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides by ammonia is considerably promoted in a temperature range of 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and also ammonia present in excess of the nitrogen oxides is decomposed thereby, eliminating an unreacted ammonia effluent.

Abstract: Carbonaceous combustion products (i.e., principally carbon dioxide) and water are removed from nitrogen generator gas by molecular sieve adsorption thereof. The molecular sieve material is regenerated by an initial extended purging with ambient air under vacuum followed by a short burst of pure nitrogen under vacuum to remove any entrapped oxygen.

Abstract: This is a continuous process for producing ammonia synthesis gas and includes the partial oxidation of particles of solid carboniferous fuels entrained in nitrogen. In the process, air is separated into high pressure nitrogen and substantially pure oxygen. A first stream of said nitrogen is used as a safe pneumatic vehicle in a grinding and transport operation which introduces ground, finely divided solid carbonaceous fuel into a venturi injector where the particles of solid fuel are dispersed in a second stream of said nitrogen. The solid fuel-nitrogen gaseous dispersion is then reacted with a free-oxygen containing gas preferably in the absence of supplemental H.sub.2 O, other than any moisture normally found in the reactants, in a freeflow partial oxidation synthesis gas generator. The nitrogen stream serves as a carrier for the particles of solid carbonaceous fuel and as a temperature moderator in the gas generator. After cleaning, shifting, and purifying the raw synthesis gas, a gaseous mixture of N.sub.

Abstract: A method of decomposing ammonia fumes which have a high hydrogen sulfide content, in particular, deacidizer fumes from an NH.sub.3 --H.sub.2 S closed-circuit scrubber of coke oven gases, in which the washed-out NH.sub.2 is enriched. The inventive method comprises burning a heating fuel with an amount of oxygen to generate combustion gases having a low oxygen content, heating the deacidizer fumes by direct contact with the combustion gases in order to form a hot mixture of the gases and deacidizer fumes and subsequently directing the hot mixture through a decomposition zone. In addition the ammonia fumes are directed in an annular jacket around the housing to an annular discharge at the periphery of the coke oven gas flame.

Abstract: Catalyst bed for use in decomposition of ammonia gas, which comprises a mixture of catalysts for use in decomposition of ammonia gas and granules of catalytically inert substances.

Abstract: A method of producing NF.sub.4 PF.sub.6 by a displacement reaction between NF.sub.4 BF.sub.4 and PF.sub.5.

Abstract: Improved NF.sub.4.sup.+ compositions for solid propellant NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generators are described which produce NF.sub.3 and F.sub.2 free of gaseous Lewis acids and do not require clinker forming additives for their complexing. The novel self-clinkering compositions (NF.sub.4).sub.2 SnF.sub.6, NF.sub.4 SnF.sub.5, (NF.sub.4).sub.2 TiF.sub.6, NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.2 F.sub.9, NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.3 F.sub.13, and NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.6 F.sub.25 and processes for their production are disclosed.

Abstract: Tris-tetrafluorammonium hexafluoraluminate, (NF.sub.4).sub.3 AlF.sub.6, a new compound, is synthesized by forming a mixture of solid aluminum trichloride in a solution of a molar excess tetrafluorammonium bifluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, at a temperature of about -78.degree. C. or less. The mix is then rapidly heated to a temperature of about 40.degree. C. to the decomposition temperature of the product until all the solids dissolve. The solution containing the dissolved aluminum trichloride is evaporated under vacuum conditions to cause crystallization of (NF.sub.4).sub.3 AlF.sub.6.

Abstract: N.sub.2 F.sub.4 and SbF.sub.5 react in anhydrous HF to produce N.sub.2 F.sub.3 SbF.sub.6. The salt is useful as a burn rate modifier in NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generators.

Abstract: N.sub.2 F.sub.3 SnF.sub.5 is formed by reacting N.sub.2 F.sub.3 SbF.sub.6 and Cs.sub.2 SnF.sub.6 in the presence of HF. N.sub.2 F.sub.3 SnF.sub.5 is useful as a component of NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generating compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition and method for the inflation of passive restraint systems, i.e., crash bags. The method, which uses the gases produced by the ignition of certain alkali metal azides in combination with certain metal halides for inflation of the bag, provides a non-toxic gas for inflation. Use of sufficient metal halide to provide halogen in an amount at least stoichiometric with the alkali metal prevents the formation of free alkali metal, the latter considered to be toxic and to present an unsuitable material in passive restraint systems.

Abstract: Improved NF.sub.4.sup.+ compositions for solid propellant NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generators are described which produce NF.sub.3 and F.sub.2 free of gaseous Lewis acids and do not require clinker forming additives for their complexing. The novel self-clinkering compositions (NF.sub.4).sub.2 SnF.sub.6, NF.sub.4 SnF.sub.5, (NF.sub.4).sub.2 TiF.sub.6, NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.2 F.sub.9, NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.3 F.sub.13, and NF.sub.4 Ti.sub.6 F.sub.25 and processes for their production are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating an exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, oxygen and ammonia gas with a catalyst consisting essentially of titanium oxide, copper oxide in an amount of 0.02 to 0.3 mole and molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mole per one mole of the titanium oxide. Because the catalyst exhibits good properties for decomposition of ammonia as well as for decomposition of nitrogen oxides it is possible to avoid secondary pollution due to unreacted ammonia.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing fertilizing characteristics of irrigation water by adding carbon dioxide and nitrogenous compounds, derived from exhaust gases, to irrigation water so as to produce a fertilizing solution which promotes crop growth. The method comprises scrubbing exhaust gases derived from a natural gas, liquified petroleum or diesel engines by utilizing direct contact with water and thereafter injecting the treated enriched water into a standard supply of irrigation water. The engine is operated so as to provide the greatest amount of carbon dioxide, and (NO.sub.x) nitrogen oxides practical.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides in a combustion flue gas are removed by reduction in a gaseous phase at a low temperature in the absence of any catalyst by adding urea and an oxidizing agent for decomposition of urea, such as ozone, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or oxy acids of chlorine or their salts. NO.sub.x removal can be carried out in a very simplified manner with high percent NO.sub.x removal.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber, auxiliary combustion is effected by using carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen immediately after each charge of the main fuel has been burnt up therein. This method of combustion enables the nitrogen oxides resulting from the combustion of the main fuel to be reduced and brought to extinction by the auxiliary combustion, with the result that the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas from the said combustion chamber is depressed.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x emissions to the atmosphere from stationary combustion sources. The improvement is accomplished by providing a plurality of zones and/or stages for injecting a suitable reducing gas and then injecting the reducing gas through one or more of said zones. The particular zone or zones actually used will be determined by temperature of the combustion effluent gas in the immediate vicinity thereof. Similarly, the exact composition of the reducing gas employed will be determined by the same temperature.

Abstract: A method of treating a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides comprises:A first step of removing nitrogen oxides by treating a mixture of the exhaust gas, oxygen and ammonia in the absence of hydrogen or in the presence of lower than 10 mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia at a temperature from 700.degree. C to 1300.degree. C andA second step of adjusting a mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia in the pretreated exhaust gas to higher than 3 and treating the mixed gas at a temperature from 490.degree. C to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: The combination of the strongly oxidizing NF.sub.4.sup.+ cation with the strongly oxidizing NiF.sub.6.sup.-- anion in the form of the stable salt (NF.sub.4).sub.2 NiF.sub.6 produces a powerful oxidizer, useful for solid propellant formulations and NF.sub.3 -F.sub.2 gas generators. A process for its production is described.

Abstract: SbF.sub.5 is heated in the presence of an excess of NF.sub.3 and F.sub.2 to 250.degree. C until conversion of the SbF.sub.5 to NF.sub.4 SbF.sub.6 is complete. The NF.sub.4 SbF.sub.6 may be used itself or may be combined, in 0-15 mol % excess, with CsBF.sub.4 in anhydrous HF to produce NF.sub.4 BF.sub.4.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bromine and hydrogen bromide, which comprises reacting ammonium bromide with an oxygen containing gas at temperatures of from 200.degree. to 800.degree. C in the presence of oxidation catalysts is disclosed. Catalysts based on platinum group metals favor formation of HBr. Most other metal catalysts cause chiefly formation of bromine.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from flue gas evolving from stationary sources and containing the nitrogen oxides through reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen by passing the flue gas over a catalyst of metal compounds containing oxysulfur compounds in the presence of an ammonia gas.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an iron-chromium-oxygen type catalyst base and 0.1 through 20% of aluminum sulfate based on the weight of the above-mentioned catalyst base, is useful for reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia at a temperature of 150.degree. C or higher, to convert it to nitrogen and water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bromine and hydrogen bromide, which comprises reacting ammonium bromide with an oxygen containing gas at temperatures of from 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. in the presence of oxidation catalysts is disclosed. Catalysts based on platinum group metals favor formation of HBr. Most other metal catalysts cause chiefly formation of bromine.

Abstract: A method of producing NF.sub.4 PF.sub.6 by ultraviolet photolysis at -196.degree. C of a mixture of NF.sub.3, F.sub.2 and PF.sub.5.

Abstract: Base metal catalysts are pretreated with selenium, sulfur or sulfur compounds. Subsequently, a gaseous stream comprising nitric oxide, oxygen and ammonia is passed over the pretreated catalysts. The nitric oxide is reduced to nitrogen and no nitrous oxide is formed.

Abstract: A catalyst compositions for reducing nitrogen oxide comprising, as its chief ingredient, an intimate mixture ofA. titanium (Ti) as component A, withB. at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and uranium (U), as component B,in the form of their oxides, and a process for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, which comprises contacting a gaseous mixture containing nitrogen oxides and molecular oxygen and a reducing gas with aforesaid catalyst compositions at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Molten ammonium sulfate is converted to ammonia and sulfur dioxide by heating in the presence of at least one molybdenum and/or tungsten compound, preferably at a temperature in the range of 350.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for treating an exhaust gas containing substantially only ammonia gas and oxygen gas as reactants to decompose catalytically the ammonia gas to nitrogen and water, which comprises contacting at an elevated temperature the exhaust gas with a catalyst consisting essentially of the oxides of titanium, copper and a member selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cerium, iron and mixtures thereof. The ammonia gas is catalytically decomposed in accord with the following chemical reaction:2NH.sub.3 +3/2 O.sub.2 .fwdarw.N.sub.2 +3H.sub.2 Oair pollution due to ammonia gas contained in an exhaust gas from, such as, an ammonia production plant, or copying machines using ammonia sensitive paper, is satisfactorily prevented by this process.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons with the oxides of nitrogen which comprises combining a hydrocarbon with a predetermined amount of the oxides of nitrogen to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas and water and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula at a predetermined elevated temperature above about 200.degree. C.:W.sub.k" X.sub.n' J.sub.(1-k"-n') ZO(.sub.3.+-.m)wherein:W is zirconium, tin or thorium or mixture thereof;X is alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is scandium, yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series or a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other than +3;k is a number having a value of between 0 and about 0.1;m' is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.26, provided m' has a value other than 0 when n has a value of 0; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides is efficiently purified without the necessary use of catalysts by contacting the exhaust gas with a nitrile compound at high temperature in the presence of oxygen, whereby the nitrogen oxides and the nitrile compound are selectively decomposed into harmless materials.

Abstract: Base metal catalysts are pretreated with selenium, sulfur or sulfur compounds. Subsequently, a gaseous stream comprising nitric oxide, oxygen and ammonia is passed over the pretreated catalysts. The nitric oxide is reduced to nitrogen and no nitrous oxide is formed.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactions of beta platinum chloride with gaseous ammonia to yield metallic platinum useful in catalysis and other operations and also complexes of beta platinum chloride and ammonia, which complexes are considered to be new compositions and which are contemplated as being useful in cancer research.

Abstract: A process for the selective removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases containing sulfur oxides as well as nitrogen oxides, which comprises contacting the waste gases with a catalyst comprising active metal oxides consisting of vanadium oxide and at least one of molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide as a catalytically active component and .alpha.-alumina having a specific surface area of 0.3 to 12 m.sup.2 /g and a pore volume of 0.1 cm.sup.3 /g or more as a carrier wherein the atomic ratio of the vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and aluminum contained in the carrier alumina isV.sub.12-x-y Mo.sub.x W.sub.y Al.sub.zwherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.8, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.5, 0.3.ltoreq.x + y.ltoreq.8 and 40.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.480, in the presence of ammonia of 0.3 to 4 mol on the basis of 1 mol of nitrogen oxides contained in the waste gases at a temperature of 150.degree. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for selective removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases containing 1,500 ppm or less (gas volume) of nitrogen oxides by contacting the waste gases with a metal oxide catalyst containing vanadium oxide and at least one of molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide with an atomic ratio of the oxide forming elements of:V.sub.12-x-y Mo.sub.x W.sub.yWherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.8, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.5 and 0.3.ltoreq.x + y.ltoreq.8, at a temperature of 150.degree. to 700.degree. C in the presence of 0.3 to 4 mol of ammonia (on the basis of 1 mol of the nitrogen oxides).

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide reducing catalyst comprises a carrier made of at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe and an alloy made principally of two or more of these metals, and a carbide of at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ti, Zr and V and carried by the carrier.

Abstract: An improved process for suppression of oxides of nitrogen arising from heat treatment of catalyst materials containing a source of such oxides is provided which comprises separately introducing the catalyst material and urea into the heating zone and then effecting heat treatment.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxides including nitrogen monoxide from a gaseous mixture such as industrial waste gases is provided. The gaseous mixture is contacted, first, with an aqueous solution of a chlorate and, then, with water, an aqueous solution or dispersion of a basic compound or an aqueous alkaline solution or dispersion of a reducing agent.

Abstract: Nitric acid is added to an aqueous solution of organic acid salts of metals to be included in a resulting complex oxide powder, into which an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of other metal component has been incorporated according to need, and the resulting solution is heated until the organic acid salts are decomposed and the decomposition product is heated, whereby a intended complex powder which is very fine and highly bulky and has a large specific surface area is obtained.

Abstract: A method of removing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 from an exhaust gas containing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 which comprises contacting an exhaust gas containing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 with an aqueous solution containing M.sub.2 SO.sub.3, an iron ion and an aminopolycarboxylic acid to absorb NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 in the aqueous solution and treating the resulting absorbing solution while preventing a contact of the solution with the exhaust gas, thereby to form M.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.6 in the absorbing solution and reducing NO.sub.x to N.sub.2. The M.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.6 formed in the absorbing solution can be easily removed by crystallization separation. With such method, NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 can be removed from exhaust gases at high rates and the absorbing solution can be easily regenerated and recycled to the absorbing zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of converting NO.sub.3.sup.- ions which are contained in denitration waste liquids to nonpoisonous N.sub.2 gas or to valuable by-products. In the method of the invention, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the waste liquid which results from denitration of exhaust gases which contains calcium nitrate and calcium chloride to obtain a mixed solution of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and calcium sulfate. The ratio of the chloride ions to nitrate ions in the mixed solution is adjusted within the range of Cl.sup.- /NO.sub.3.sup.- = 2-3; the mixed solution is heated to 110.degree. to 150.degree. C after adjusting the concentration of sulfuric acid in the solution to 10 to 70% by weight to thereby convert the mixed solution to a mixed gas essentially including NOCl, Cl.sub.2 and nitrogen oxides. The mixed gas is then passed through concentrated sulfuric acid having a concentration higher than 80% which is maintained at a temperature of 80.degree. to 150.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon monoxide from mixed gases comprising contacting the mixed gases with an absorbent system consisting essentially of an inert diluent and a copper (I) salt of a sulfonic acid or of a dialkyl phosphate.

Abstract: A process for wet-treating an exhaust gas to remove oxides of sulfur and of nitrogen including:1. washing the exhaust gas with a slurry containing one or more magnesium compounds to remove oxides of sulfur from the exhaust gas;2. washing the exhaust gas treated in step (1) with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal iodide and/or an alkaline earth metal iodide to remove the oxide of nitrogen; and3. contacting the slurry from step (1) with the aqueous solution from step (2) to regenerate the solution of alkali metal iodide and/or alkaline earth metal iodide and to decompose any nitrite formed in step (2) to nitrogen.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are removed from exhaust gases in a two step process including a slurry removal of the sulfur oxides followed by washing the gases with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal iodide and/or an alkaline earth metal iodide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of gaseous cyanogen chloride by a procedure involving reaction of hydrogen cyanide with chlorine in the presence of water with formation of hydrogen chloride as a by-product at a concentration of about 10 to 25% by weight and further involving converting by chlorination ammonium chloride, formed through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cyanogen chloride and admixed with the hydrogen chloride by-product, to nitrogen trichloride under pressure and at elevated temperature and decomposing the nitrogen trichloride to nitrogen and chlorine thermally or by U.V. radiation.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing ammonia from the sour water stream of a coal gasification process. The basic steps comprise stripping the ammonia from the sour water; heating the stripped ammonia to a temperature from between 400.degree. to 1,000.degree. F; passing the gaseous ammonia through a reactor containing a sulfided catalyst to produce elemental hydrogen and nitrogen; and scrubbing the reaction product to obtain an ammonia-free gas. The residual equilibrium ammonia produced by the reactor is recycled into the stripper. The ammonia-free gas may be advantageously treated in a Claus process to recover elemental sulfur. Iron sulfide or cobalt molybdenum sulfide catalysts are used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides contained in a gaseous mixture such as combustion flue gas, etc. by reduction of the nitrogen oxides with ammonia, and a cuprous or cupric halide is used as a catalyst to carry out the reduction in a low temperature range. As a result, nitrogen oxides can be satisfactorily removed by the reduction even at about 150.degree. C.