Abstract: A compound for the treatment of water polluted by metal ions is obtained by the reaction of potassium or sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution with thiocarbamide and potassium or sodium hyposulfate. After a period of settling, a precipitate forms and is removed; the clear liquid above the precipitate is decanted and used for treating water polluted with metal ions.

Abstract: A process for producing low-cost furnace atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metal, and sintering metal and ceramic powders in a continuous furnace equipped with an ammonia dissociator from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing from 0.05 to 5.0% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves mixing non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a pre-determined amount of a reducing gas such as hydrogen, ammonia, a C, H, and O containing hydrocarbon such as an alcohol, an ether, etc., or a mixture thereof, passing the mixture through an ammonia dissociator and converting the residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or mixture thereof, and using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metal, and sintering metal and ceramic powders.

Abstract: An improved process for deoxygenating non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a hydrocarbon is disclosed. According to the process, non-cryogenically produced nitrogen stream containing residual oxygen impurity is 1) pre-heated, 2) mixed with a hydrocarbon, and 3) passed through a reactor packed with a platinum group of metal catalyst to reduce oxygen to very low levels by converting it to a mixture of carbon dioxide and moisture. The reactor effluent stream is optionally treated downstream to produce a nitrogen stream substantially free of moisture and carbon dioxide. The key features of the disclosed process include 1) pre-heating non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing residual oxygen to a certain minimum temperature, 2) adding more than stoichiometric amount of a hydrocarbon to the pre-heated nitrogen stream, and 3) using a platinum group of metal catalyst to initiate and sustain the reaction between oxygen and hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A deoxo unit is operated with excess oxygen to produce high purity nitrogen from a partially purified stream passing from a membrane or pressure swing adsorption unit. Essentially complete fuel utilization is achieved in applications in which essentially oxygen-free nitrogen product is not required.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of nitrous oxide (N.sub.2 O) to nitrogen and oxygen by treating the gas with a catalyst of cobalt oxide and nickel oxide on a zirconia support at a temperature of at least about 280 degrees C.

Abstract: An inert gas nitrogen mixture is used as a shielding gas to prevent weld hot cracking in superalloys containing zirconium and/or boron. The gas mixture preferably contains argon and about 2 to 8% by volume nitrogen. Test data show excellent results are obtained when gas tungsten arc welding HAYNES 214 alloy which normally contains boron and zirconium and a minimal content of titanium.

Abstract: A process for producing low-cost furnace atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing from 0.05 to 5.0% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves 1) mixing non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a predetermined amount of dissociated ammonia, 2) passing the mixture through a low-pressure drop catalytic reactor, 3) converting the residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture and reducing the residual oxygen level to below about 10 ppm, and 4) using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders.

Abstract: The invention provides metal-phosphorus-nitrogen polymer compounds and methods for their preparation at low temperatures using readily available starting materials. One group of compounds, metal-phosphazene polymers, are comprised of repeating units of [PN].sub.3 rings linked to form polymers through P--X--M--X--P bonds. The linking atoms X are either NH.sub.2 or O, and M is a metal cation. Another group of the compounds have the generic formula M.sub.a (P.sub.2 O.sub.5).sub.b (NH.sub.3).sub.c O.sub.d.eH.sub.2 O. If the metal-phosphorus-nitrogen polymers are heated to a sufficiently high temperature to reduce the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, additional novel solid metal phosphorus compounds of the invention are formed, many of which have a foamed, porous structure. The properties of the compounds of the invention can be varied by choice of metal and reaction conditions to create materials having useful conductive, magnetic, optical, catalytic, or ion-exchange properties.

Abstract: Method for controlling N.sub.2 O emissions from stationary combustion systems having variable flue gas temperatures are disclosed. The N.sub.2 O emissions are controlled by the introduction of a N.sub.2 O control agent, such as an alkaline compound, into the effluent stream. In addition, the present invention discloses methods for controlling N.sub.2 O emissions from stationary combustion systems having variable flue gas temperatures while reducing NO.sub.x emissions. Use of an NO.sub.x reducing agent and an N.sub.2 O control agent, such as urea and monosodium glutamate, enlarges the temperature window for effective selective noncatalytic NO.sub.x reduction while significantly eliminating N.sub.2 O emissions commonly experienced with urea injection. Further, the present invention discloses methods for controlling N.sub.2 O emissions from stationary combustion systems having variable flue gas temperatures while reducing SO.sub.x emissions. Use of an NO.sub.x reducing agent, an SO.sub.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for catalytically destroying NOx and carbon monoxide present in oxygen-containing combustion products wherein methane serves as a reductant. The process comprises combusting a fuel source in the presence of oxygen to form combustion products comprising nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and oxygen; introducing methane into the combustion products in an amount such that the total amount of methane to nitrogen oxides present, expressed as a ratio, by volume is greater than about 0.1; and reacting the nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, methane and oxygen in the presence of an exchanged crystalline zeolite under conditions sufficient to convert the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide to gaseous nitrogen, water and carbon oxides. Suitable catalysts include zeolites having a silicon to aluminum ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for preparing ultra-pure nitrogen containing less than 100 ppb (parts per billion) impurities, characterized in that at least the impurities consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrogen (H.sub.2) are removed by passing the gas from which at least one of these two components has to be removed, over a bed of particles including a metallic element namely copper (Cu) and/or ruthenium (Ru) and/or rhodium (Rh) and/or palladium (Pd) and/or osmium (Os) and/or iridium (Ir) and/or platinum (Pt) supported on a particulate support, by the technique of ion exchange and/or by the technique of impregnation. This technique enables to produce ultra-pure nitrogen by using it on air to be distilled as an additional step for the removal of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high performance ceramics and methods for their production using supercritical temperatures and supercritical pressures. Furthermore, the present invention relates to high performance ceramics for use in the automobile industry.

Abstract: Nitrogen-sorbing and -desorbing compositions and methods of using the same are disclosed, which are useful for the selective separation of nitrogen from other gases, especially natural gas.

Abstract: A sintered article is produced by mixing an intermetallic compound (binding phase) composed of at least one member selected from among carbides, nitrides, and borides of the elements of Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a in the Periodic Table of Elements and at least one element selected from among Al, Ni, Si, Co, Zr, and W with wBN, then mixing the resultant mixture with cBN and firing the produced mixture under a pressure exceeding 20 Kb at a temperature exceeding 1,000.degree. C. As a material for cutting tools, the sintered article is superior in quality to the conventional sintered article.

Abstract: The invention describes a highly efficient catalytic pollution control process for removing N.sub.2 O from gaseous mixtures. The catalytic process, which is substantially unaffected by the presence of oxygen, comprises contacting an N.sub.2 O-containing gaseous mixture with a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which, at least in part, is composed of five membered rings having a structure type selected from the group consisting of BETA, MOR, MFI, MEL and FER wherein the crystalline zeolite has been at least partially ion-exchanged with a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium under conditions sufficient to convert the N.sub.2 O into gaseous nitrogen and gaseous oxygen.

Abstract: Rhodium and certain other PGM's in oxidation state III complex with chloride is precipitated from a solution by mixing with a polyamine, especially diethylene-triamine, in the presence of a protonating agent for the polyamine. High selectivity and high yields, in comparison to known reagents, are observed.

Abstract: The invention describes a catalytic process for destroying NOx from oxygen-containing combustion products wherein methane serves as a reductant. The process comprises contacting the NOx-containing combustion products with a desired amount of methane and oxygen in the presence of a metal-exchanged crystalline zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio of greater than or equal to about 2.5 under conditions sufficient to effect conversion to gaseous nitrogen, water and carbon oxides. The zeolites are exchanged with a cation selection from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, rhodium and manganese.

Abstract: A process for decomposing ammonia recovered from coke oven gas through catalytic oxidation in the presence of oxygen gas, which comprises contacting a catalyst containing at least copper oxide or vanadium oxide in a fluidized state with the ammonia vapor. In the process of the invention, the reaction can be conducted at a low temperature of 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. and the generation of NO.sub.x is very small in quantity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variety of thermal catalytic methods for the conversion of NO and other NO.sub.x compounds into environmentally compatible products such as molecular nitrogen, molecular oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The catalysts employed are able to remove NO in substantial percentage quantities over a wide temperature range of 0.degree.-1,000.degree. C. and a preferred temperature of 100.degree.-800.degree. C. both in the presence or in the absence of chemical reducing agents.

Abstract: A process of preparing an actinide compound of the formula An.sub.x Z.sub.y wherein An is an actinide metal atom selected from the group consisting of thorium, uranium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium, x is selected from the group consisting of one, two or three, Z is a main group element atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur and y is selected from the group consisting of one, two, three or four, by admixing an actinide organometallic precursor wherein said actinide is selected from the group consisting of thorium, uranium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium, a suitable solvent and a protic Lewis base selected from the group consisting of ammonia, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide and water, at temperatures and for time sufficient to form an intermediate actinide complex, heating said intermediate actinide complex at temperatures and for time sufficient to form the actinide compound, and a process of depositing a thin film of such an actinide compound, e.g.

Abstract: Feed air is separated in a membrane system, with recovered nitrogen being purified in a deoxo unit and dried in an adsorbent dryer using high temperature purge gas. The heat generated in the deoxo unit can be used to satisfy the thermal energy requirements of dryer regeneration, without decrease in product recovery. Membrane permeate gas can be used for purge at high purge/feed ratio to reduce the energy requirements of bed regeneration.

Abstract: Membrane or pressure swing adsorption systems are used for air separation, with the crude nitrogen stream obtained thereby passing to a catalytic combustion system for reaction of residual oxygen with hydrogen to produce a high purity nitrogen product. Excess hydrogen in the nitrogen product is minimized by controlling the amount of hydrogen employed based on the instantaneous crude nitrogen flow and purity, and adjusting hydrogen ingestion in response to nitrogen product purity feedback. Plant flow rate tracking control limits maximum rates of flow change to ensure stable operation.

Abstract: For carrying out a process for decomposing, into hydrogen and nitrogen, ammonia recovered from a coke oven gas by combining a catalytic combustion of ammonia and a catalytic decomposition of ammonia utilizing a waste heat by said combustion, a basic compound as a required catalyzer is added to ruthenium supported on alumina, or ruthenium as a required catalyzer is supported on a basic compound, whereby ammonia may be decomposed effectively at ranges of low temperatures as not more than 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for concentrating an isotope from an admixture containing the isotope by contacting the admixture with a catalyst capable of selectively catalyzing a reaction with the isotope, and recovering the concentrated isotope from the reaction products. In one embodiment, the method can be used to concentrate deuterium from sources such as hydrogen-rich gas.

Abstract: Nitrogen is economically recovered from the flue gas evolved in a hydrocarbon steam reforming furnace by hydrogenation of free oxygen therein and removal of carbon dioxide and other minor impurities from the flue gas by pressure swing adsorption with recovery of high purity nitrogen as unsorbed effluent. The process is utilized to highest advantage in the production of ammonia syngas wherein natural gas or other hydrocarbon feed is subjected to steam reforming in a fuel-fired furnace. The nitrogen obtained by purification of the flue gas is combined with the purified hydrogen separated from the reformate providing the syngas for conversion to ammonia. In a preferred embodiment, the steam reforming is carried out in two stages, the first stage being performed in a conventional fuel-fired steam reforming furnace to which a major portion of the fresh hydrocarbon feed is charged.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing nitrogen oxides by passing them in admixture with ammonia or hydrogen over a group VIII metal catalyst on a hydrophobic support. The process is carried out at 0.degree.-200.degree. C. when hydrogen is used, or 100.degree.-200.degree. C. when ammonia is used. It is useful in pollution control, for example in reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in industrial waste gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high performance ceramics and methods for their production using supercritical temperatures and supercritical pressures. Furthermore, the present invention relates to high performance ceramics for use in the automobile industry.

Abstract: On-site membrane systems are used for air separation to produce a low purity nitrogen stream and for purifying impure hydrogen, the nitrogen and hydrogen being passed to a catalytic combustion system in which the oxygen content of the nitrogen stream is reacted with said hydrogen to reduce the residual oxygen content of the nitrogen in a final purification operation to produce high purity nitrogen. Pressure swing adsorption systems can be employed in place of the membrane systems for particular applications, and a cryogenic system can be employed for said hydrogen purification.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide is removed from flue gases of combustion plants or reaction gases by a process wherein the nitrogen oxide contained in the stream of gas is converted into a stochiometric composition of N.sub.2 O.sub.3 and removed from the gas stream.

Abstract: A method for production of nitrogen for application at high pressure, preferably for pressure injection in submarine or substerranean oil or natural gas wells, by combination of natural gas in air, which is compressed prior to the combustion, for binding of the oxygen content of the air in carbon dioxide to be removed from the flue gas by absorption, whereas the remaining nitrogen is pressurized to a predetermined high pressure suitable for such application.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for removing minor amounts of oxygen from inert gas streams to result in very low levels of oxygen contamination in such inert gas streams, wherein the oxygen is removed by the action of stoichiometric quantities of methanol, which react with the oxygen over a catalyst at ambient feed temperature conditions without a requirement for external heating of the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing endothermic gases from methanol and inert gas streams containing minor amounts of oxygen, wherein the oxygen is reacted with stoichiometric excess quantities of methanol over a catalyst as ambient feed temperature conditions without a requirement for external heating of the reaction to produce an endothermic gas containing very low levels of oxygen and methanol and significant quantities of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic gaseous phase reaction of a reactive gas wherein the heat of reaction generated produces a temperature elevation of less than about 150.degree. C. in the substantially adiabatic reaction system, the improvement comprising:heating the cold reactive gas by passing it through a heated regenerative material present in the first portion of a vessel;passing the heated reactive gas through a solid catalyst for the reaction present in a second portion of the vessel to form a gaseous product stream;redirecting the gaseous product stream;passing the redirected gaseous product stream through the solid catalyst for the reaction present in the second portion of the vessel to form additional gaseous product,cooling the gaseous product stream by passing it through a cooled regenerative material present in the first portion of the vessel; andperiodically reversing the flow direction in the portions of the reaction system.

Abstract: Production of a nitrogen gas stream from the waste gas from a pressure adsorption process separating a raw gas stream containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and combustible gas including hydrogen, into a hydrogen containing product stream and a waste gas stream containing carbon dioxide, some combustible gas, and at least some of the nitrogen, by catalytically combusting the waste gas stream with an oxygen containing gas and removing water from the combusted waste gas stream. Carbon dioxide is removed from the waste gas stream before and/or after catalytic combustion. To reduce the residual oxygen content of the combusted waste gas stream, a small amount of hydrogen, e.g. a portion of the hydrogen containing product from the pressure swing adsorption, may be added to the combusted waste gas stream and the mixture catalytically reacted.

Abstract: A process for producing cubic boron nitride comprises heating at an elevated temperature and under high pressure a source of boron and a source of nitrogen in the presence of a fluoronitride or a source of fluoronitride.

Abstract: A hypergol spill, e.g., hydrazine, is safely rendered harmless by contacting it with a composition comprising cupric oxide on a porous support. Neutralization is achieved by drawing the hydrazine into the pellet pores where a reduction reaction of cupric oxide takes place. The critical consideration is to avoid flashing or spontaneous thermal decomposition of the hydrazine. Heat of reaction is quenched by the heat capacity of the pellet and water dilution.

Abstract: A process for the production of Mg metal from impure Mg-containing materials is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of reacting a slurry of impure Mg-containing material with a hot HCl-containing gas stream to produce an impure MgCl.sub.2 slurry, purifying the MgCl.sub.2 slurry to form a substantially pure MgCl.sub.2 solution, drying the substantially pure MgCl.sub.2 solution to produce a MgCl.sub.2 powder containing up to about 5% each of MgO and H.sub.2 O, dehydration melting of the MgCl.sub.2 powder to produce molten anhydrous MgCl.sub.2, performing electrolysis of the molten anhydrous MgCl.sub.2 to produce Mg metal and Cl.sub.2, and recycling all of Cl.sub.2 produced during electrolysis to the above dehydration melting step for converting MgO and H.sub.2 O present in the MgCl.sub.2 powder into MgCl.sub.2 and HCl and for producing the hot HCl-containing gas stream. Dehydration melting is preferably done by feeding the MgCl.sub.2 powder into the feed end of a rotary kiln, and reacting Cl.sub.

Abstract: Novel sorbents comprising (a) an alumina substrate having a pore volume between 0.4 and 0.8 cc/g, and (b) an alkali or alkaline earth component, for example, sodium carbonate, wherein the amount of the alkali or alkaline earth component is between 50 and 400 .mu.g per m.sup.2 of the substrate. The sorbents of the present invention are outstandingly effective for the removal of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide from waste gas streams.

Abstract: An efficient process for the production of nitrogen from air using a fuel cell to provide both electrical power and an oxygen depleted gas stream to a liquefaction apparatus is disclosed. An apparatus for the production of nitrogen incorporating a fuel cell is also disclosed.

Abstract: NO.sub.x is removed from flue gases by contacting same in the presence of active coke/active carbon and a reducing agent, e.g. NH.sub.3, CO or H.sub.2. According to the invention, the adsorbent is precharged with the reducing agent, thereby increasing the surface area over which the adsorbent can react with the flue gas and decreasing the levels of gas-reducing agent which must be used and which may appear in the cleaned gas.

Abstract: Each ozonization loop (1) which includes a compressor (2), an ozonizer (3), and a heat exchanger (8) for cooling the oxygen-ozone mixture, is associated with three cylinders (4,5,6) filled with silica gel. Each cylinder operates in succession in a cocurrent adsorption, in countercurrent desorption by a substitution gas, and in scavenging by taking off a part of the flow circulating in the loop. The scavenging flow is recovered and combined with the substitution gas. The substitution gas may be in particular impure nitrogen supplyed by an air distillation apparatus producing the necessary oxygen.

Abstract: High-purity nitrogen is recovered from combustion gas such as exhaust stack gases, by utilizing selective gas-permeable membranes to separate by rejection, nitrogen from the other gases present in the gas stream.

Abstract: An SO.sub.2 -containing gas, in particular, pre-stage gas for the Claus reaction to recover sulfur can effectively be purified by removing NH.sub.3 contained therein using a TiO.sub.2 catalyst.

Abstract: An efficient process for the production of nitrogen from air using a fuel cell to provide both electrical power and an oxygen depleted gas stream to a liquefaction apparatus is disclosed. An apparatus for the production of nitrogen incorporating a fuel cell is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of economically making silicon nitride precursor, comprising: (a) reacting silicon halide vapor with liquid ammonia at a situs (i.e., at a temperature of -20.degree. to +40.degree. C.) in an inert environment having a pressure equal to or greater than 35 psig, which environment is effectively devoid of organic contaminants, said reaction producing a mixture of precipitated silicon imide in liquid ammonia having dissolved ammonium halide; (b) extracting a portion of the mixture from the situs; and (c) separating the precipitate from the liquid of the portion. Preferably the silicon halide is SiCl.sub.4 and its vapor is brought into reaction with the liquid ammonia by way of a nonreactive carrier gas (N.sub.2 or argon). The proportioning of the SiCl.sub.

Abstract: Method and equipment are disclosed for production of nitrogen and carbon dioxide by a dual phase combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel and air, the exhaust products of the second phase of combustion being treated in a monoethanolamine absorber by which the carbon monoxide is absorbed and the nitrogen and carbon dioxide separated. The first stage of the dual phase combustion is effected in one or more combustion prime movers or engines and the second phase of combustion is effected by the addition of fuel to the exhaust products of the engine or engines; and a compressor is driven by each engine and the separated gases are separately passed through engine-driven compressors.

Abstract: High purity hydrogen is produced at high recovery from liquid anhydrous ammonia. Ammonia is vaporized and subsequently dissociated into is constituents. The resulting dissociated gas stream is passed to an adiabatic metal hydride purification unit to absorb hydrogen present in the stream. The adsorbed hydrogen is then recovered as high purity product.

Abstract: The invention is a method of making ultrapure silicon yttrium oxynitride by using the steps of (a) in an argon stream, heating hydrated yttrium nitrate to a substantially dehydrated point; (b) adding to such heated hydrated yttrium nitrate an amount of silicon diimide to form a suspension and continuing to heat the mixture to melting so as to react the water of hydration of said nitrate with said silicon diimide and thereby form stoichiometric amounts of silica and yttrium/nitrogen/oxygen complex; and (c) heating said silica and nitrate in an inert atmosphere to an elevated temperature and for a period of time to chemically form ultrapure silicon yttrium oxynitride. The temperature of heating the hydrated yttrium nitride can be to a range of 340.degree.-360.degree. C. which is 85-92% of the dehydration point of yttrium nitrate. The temperature to which the mass of step (c) is heated can be in the range of 1450.degree.-1600.degree. C. and the time period can be in the range of 5-6 hours.

Abstract: Ultrapure silicon nitride precursor is made by: (a) continuously reacting liquid silicon halide (SiCl.sub.4) with an excess of liquid ammonia (NH.sub.3) (i) in the effective absence of contaminants, (ii) at a reaction situs in an inert atmosphere to form the silicon nitride precursor as a precipitate, and (iii) with a ratio of liquid ammonia to silicon halide (equal to or greater than 21 molar) effective to solubilize any gas reaction products; (b) providing a pressure differential to simultaneously and continuously withdraw a filtered portion of the excess liquid ammonia to leave the silicon nitride precursor precipitate in the reaction situs; and (c) adding ammonia to the excess of ammonia in said reaction situs to replace the withdrawn filtered portion of the liquid ammonia.The reaction is carried out with vigorous stirring of the liquid mixture and the atmosphere over the entire mixture is regulated to contain only ammonia vapor and nitrogen.

Abstract: A gas generating composition is disclosed wherein the combustible reactants are an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide which upon thermal initiation react to produce alkali metal oxide, metal and pure nitrogen gas which can be used to inflate an impact protection air cushion of an automotive restraint system.