Abstract: A porous, low-k dielectric film that has good mechanical properties as well as a method of fabricating the film and the use of the film as a dielectric layer between metal wiring features are provided. The porous, low-k dielectric film includes a first phase of monodispersed pores having a diameter of from about 1 to about 10 nm that are substantially uniformly spaced apart and are essentially located on sites of a three-dimensional periodic lattice; and a second phase which is solid surrounding the first phase. Specifically, the second phase of the film includes (i) an ordered element that is composed of nanoparticles having a diameter of from about 1 to about 10 nm that are substantially uniformly spaced apart and are essentially arranged on sites of a three-dimensional periodic lattice, and (ii) a disordered element comprised of a dielectric material having a dielectric constant of about 2.8 or less.

Abstract: A metal complex composition containing complexes having metal species of a rare earth element, barium and copper and ligands of a trifluoroacetic acid or pentafluoropropionic acid ligand, a pyridine ligand and an acetylacetone ligand. A superconductive film may be obtained by applying an organic solvent solution of the above metal complex composition to a substrate and by heat treating the coating.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a modified carbon black with an adhering layer of aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide. This process involves (a) impregnating a starting carbon black with a colloidal suspension formed by hydrolysis of a solution of aluminum alkoxide in an alcoholic solvent, (b) removing the alcoholic solvent by evaporation, and (c) heat-treating the black thus impregnated so as to transform the aluminuous layer present at its surface into an adhering layer of aluminum oxide and/or hydroxide. The modified carbon black prepared by the process is also provided.

Abstract: A hard film comprises an oxide film of corundum crystal structure having a lattice constant in the range of 4.779 to 5.000 Å and a thickness not smaller than 0.005 &mgr;m, and an alumina film of corundum crystal structure formed on one of surfaces of the oxide film. The oxide film is formed of Cr2O3, (Fe, Cr)2O3 or (Al, Cr)2O3. The alumina film excellent in heat resistance and wear resistance can be formed on a base object under a low-temperature condition that will not deteriorate the characteristics of the base object.

Abstract: A coloured porous material comprising in its pores an effectively colouring amount of an organic pigment which is obtainable by fragmenting a meltable or solvent-soluble pigment precursor, and a process for its preparation. The instant coloured porous material powders are used as pigments for high molecular weight organic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic honeycomb structural body, and method for preparing the same, which can satisfactorily support a catalyst and can demonstrate superior mechanical strength, even if far thinner walls are used. Said structural body comprises lattice walls formed by a large number of cells 10 which are channels for fluid and a peripheral wall 12 which covers at least the circumference of said lattice walls 11. The outer peripheral portion 112 of said lattice walls 11 located in the vicinity of said peripheral wall 12 (area B) contain a densified portion of smaller porosity than that of an inner peripheral portion 111, of said lattice walls 11, which is located inside said outer peripheral portion 112 (area A).

Abstract: The specification discloses a material with a surface nanometer functional structure and the method of manufacturing the same. Using the properties of supercritical fluids, a nanometer structure is formed on the surface of a substrate, resulting in a material with a surface nanometer functional structure. The supercritical fluid carries the precursor of functional materials. Once they reach a reaction balance with the substrate in a high-pressure container, the pressure is released at an appropriate speed. The carbon dioxide supercritical fluid undergoes a vaporization reaction, distributing and adhering the precursors on the substrate to form the surface nanometer functional structure. Utilizing the VLS nanowire growth method, one-dimensional and two-dimensional compound nanometer functional wire structure can be produced.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron-emitting device includes the steps of forming a pair of electrodes and an electrically-conductive thin film on a substrate in such a manner that the pair of electrodes are in contact with the electrically-conductive thin film and forming an electron emission region using the electrically-conductive thin film, wherein a solution containing a metal element is supplied in a droplet form onto the substrate thereby forming the electrically-conductive thin film.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ionic conductor to improve oxygen ion conductivity that is otherwise reduced by the presence of deleterious impurities comprising silicon or silicon containing compounds. In accordance with the invention a dissolved salt of a dopant consisting of an alkaline-earth metal is applied to an oxygen ion conducting material composed of doped ceria, doped zirconia, or doped lanthanum gallate and having the impurities. The solution can also be applied with equal success to cation salts and oxides used in making the oxygen ion conducting material. The oxygen ion conducting material with the solution applied thereto is thoroughly mixed and then heated to evaporate the solvent and to decompose the alkaline-earth salt and thereby to form said ionic conductor.

Abstract: Three dimensional inorganic powder substrates, with shielded surfaces, having metal oxyanion containing coatings are disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by the process comprising reacting powder particle substrates with a metal oxyanion precursor, an anion forming precursor and an oxy precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing a metal oxyanion coating on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heat dissipation and shielding applications.

Abstract: Improved articles of manufacture are disclosed, together with methods for preparing such articles, whereby the surface of a graphite or comparable substrate is first densified with carbon to reduce surface porosity while still retaining sufficient surface texture to enhance the adherence of a subsequently applied boron coating.

Abstract: A fluorine rubber composition used for the surface layer material of a fixing member to fix a toner transferred onto a recording material comprises fluorine rubber having a polymerization degree based on vinylidene fluoride. The fixing member includes a base material, and a surface layer material disposed on the surface of the base material, and the surface layer material contains fluorine rubber having a polymerization degree base on vinylidene fluoride. Preferably, the fluorine rubber composition contains a reinforcing agent, antacid, vulcanizing agent, vulcanization accelerator, spherical filler, and solvent. Preferably, the fixing member has numerous fine convex portions on its surface. Accordingly, the amount of the toner adhering to the surface of the fixing member is reduced. Thus, generation of offset trouble can be reliably prevented for a long period of time. As a result, the durability of the fixing member will be improved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric thin film component utilizing seed crystals, such as crystals of titanium, as a crystal source on a bottom electrode. Crystals of piezoelectric material are grown using the seed crystals as a nucleus, wherein a crystal grain size and orientation of the piezoelectric material formed on the crystal source may be of a different orientation and crystal grain size from that of the bottom electrode. The piezoelectric thin film formed by this operation is of a polycrystalline structure. The formation of the piezoelectric thin film by this method includes a sol-gel film formation process utilizing a sol composition having an high molecular organic compound which creates a porous gel thin film. Further, the formation of the piezoelectric thin film by this method may include a metal organic decomposition process utilizing a hydrolysis inhibitor in the sol solution.

Abstract: A coating composition having an aluminum-containing polysilazane and a polyacrylate or polymethacrylate ester in an organic solvent and methods of producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low dielectric materials essential for a semiconductor having high density and high performance of the next generation, particularly to a process for preparing a porous interlayer insulating film having low dielectric constant containing pores with a size of a few nanometers or less. The present invention provides a process for preparing a porous wiring interlayer insulating film having very low dielectric constant for a semiconductor device comprising the steps of a) preparing a mixed complex of pore-forming organic molecules and a matrix resin, b) coating the mixed complex on a substrate, and c) heating the mixed complex to remove the organic molecules therefrom, thereby forming pores inside the complex.

Abstract: Processes for forming a filter material are provided. The processes include the steps of coating a filter particle with a lignosulfonate, carbonizing the coating, and activating the coating.

Abstract: A method of making a low-cost metal diaphragm sensor that integrates both pressure and temperature sensing in a single sensor assembly utilizes thick-film processing to form a circuit including stress and temperature sensitive elements on the outboard or exposed surface of a thin metal diaphragm separating the circuit from a pressurized fluid. Only a thin layer of dielectric separates the stress and temperature sensitive elements from the diaphragm surface. The stress sensitive elements respond to mechanical stressing of the diaphragm due to the presence of the pressurized fluid, while the temperature sensitive element responds to the temperature of the pressurized fluid. The thermal capacity of the fluid greatly exceeds that of the diaphragm, so that the temperature responsive characteristic of the temperature sensitive element accurately reflects the temperature of the pressurized fluid.

Abstract: An ablative composition and methods of forming ablative structures are provided that improve char during ablation, prevent combustion during ablation, and which reduce moisture absorption of low temperature ablative (LTA) materials. The ablative composition comprises an intumescent material such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) that is disposed within an LTA material at the outer surface of the ablative composition. The intumescent material may also be added in increasing amounts throughout the LTA material such that a gradient of intumescent material is formed near the outer surface of the ablative composition for the required amount of thermal protection. Both the LTA material and the intumescent material are applied to a substrate, or an aerospace vehicle structure, preferably in layers using methods such as spray forming or hand troweling.

Abstract: Continuously operating furnace and method for obtaining thermal diffusion coating on the outside surface of metallic articles. The furnace is configured as a tunnel through which in succession are advanced closed containers filled with the processed articles and with powder mixture, containing diffusing specie. A chain conveyor, passing through the furnace, advances the containers along a transportation path. The furnace is provided with plurality of stopper means, capable to intermittently prevent the advancement of the containers and to retain them in discrete positions, situated along the transportation path. The containers advance in parallel being always directed perpendicularly to the transportation path and their retention in the discrete positions causes their rotation about their longitudinal axes. Continuous operation is associated with improved efficiency and capacity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, comprises steps of providing a non-magnetic substrate for a magnetic medium, the substrate including at least one major surface having a contact start/stop (CSS) or landing zone and a data zone; and forming a pattern of recesses in the substrate surface in said CSS or landing zone by embossing utilizing a stamper having a surface including a negative image pattern of said pattern of recesses. Embodiments of the invention include magnetic media comprising a non-magnetic substrate including at least one major surface having a contact start/stop (CSS) or landing zone and a data zone, said substrate surface in said CSS or landing zone comprising an embossed pattern of recesses. In addition, the data zone of the substrate surface may include an embossed servo pattern formed simultaneously with the embossed pattern of recesses formed in the landing zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a thin film of metal oxide containing one or more metal elements on a substrate. The method includes the steps of applying a sol-gel solution containing the one or more metal elements to a surface of the substrate, drying the sol-gel solution to prepare a dried gel film on the substrate, soaking the dried gel film on the substrate in an alkaline aqueous solution containing at least one kind of metal element among the one or more metal elements in a container, sealing the container, and performing hydrothermal treatment for the dried gel film on the substrate in the sealed container to prepare a thin film of metal oxide on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for providing a metallic coating on glass strands or organically precoated glass strands comprising the steps of coating the glass strand (or organically precoated glass strand) with a metallorganic material, heating the metallorganically coated glass strand (or organically precoated glass strand) to a temperature sufficient to degrade the metallorganic material and drive off the organic portion thereby leaving a metallic coating behind, and cooling the now metal coated glass strand (or organically precoated glass strand) to a useful temperature.

Abstract: A thin-walled honeycomb structure includes: a circumferential wall, numerous partition walls disposed inside the circumferential wall, and numerous cell passages defined by the partition walls. A circumferential portion of the honeycomb structure is reinforced wholly or in a part within a certain distance from an extremity surface of the honeycomb structure by a reinforcing material that dissipates or evaporates at a high temperature, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of decorating a ceramic article including: providing an ink composition including a metallic soap, the ink composition being a viscous oil or waxy solid at about 25° C.; heating the ink composition to reduce its viscosity to less than about 40 centipoise; depositing micro-droplets of the heated ink composition upon the ceramic article; and firing the ceramic article in an oxidizing atmosphere. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the ink composition is substantially solvent-free.

Abstract: A process for the production of durable photocatalytically active self-cleaning coating on glass by contacting a hot glass surface with a fluid mixture of titanium chloride, a source of oxygen and a tin precursor. The coating preferably comprises less than 10 atom % tin in the bulk of the coating and preferably there is a greater atomic percent tin in the surface of the coating than there is in the bulk of the coating. Preferably, the coating is durable to abrasion and humidity cycling.

Abstract: A method for producing an orthopaedic implant having enhanced fatigue strength. A forged implant substrate having an elongated stem is incorporated with a melting point lowering substance. Then, metal particles are sintered to the substrate, forming a porous layer on the substrate which enhances bone in growth or the mechanical interlock with bone cement. Advantageously, the sintering occurs at a lower temperature than if the substance were not incorporated into the substrate, which in turn results in an enhanced fatigue strength of the inventive implant. The fatigue strength of a forged or cast implant can also be improved by nitrogen diffusion hardening and/or thermally processing the implant after the porous coating is adhered by sintering. Further, the fatigue strength can be further improved by combining incorporating the melting point lowering substance with nitrogen diffusion hardening and/or aging treatment subsequent to sintering.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region arranged between a pair of device electrodes is manufactured. The electroconductive film is formed by applying a liquid containing the material of the film to a substrate by using an ink-jet method, then drying and heating the applied liquid. Defective conditions, if any, in the applied liquid or the precursor film formed by drying the liquid or the electroconductive film formed by heating the precursor film are detected and remedied by applying the same liquid again to the area detected for a defective condition. The detection and remedy of any defective condition may be conducted after the liquid-applying, drying or baking step.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is surface-modified nickel fine powder in which a precursor of barium titanate having a perovskite structure and consisting of a reaction product of a soluble titanium-containing compound and a soluble barium-containing compound is adhered to the surface of individual nickel fine particles, wherein the fine powder shows X-ray diffraction peaks of nickel and is free of any peak of barium titanate having a perovskite structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern determined by the X-ray diffraction method, but the fine powder shows X-ray diffraction peaks of both nickel and barium titanate having a perovskite structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern after the fine powder is subjected to a heat-treatment at a temperature of not less than 400° C. The nickel fine powder has a small heat shrinkage factor upon firing and improved resistance to oxidation.

Abstract: A method and coating are provided for temporarily protecting a substrate or article during shipping, handling or storage by applying a removable protective coating over at least a portion of the substrate. The substrate may be flat or curved and may have zero, one or more functional coatings. A plurality of substrates with the protective coating of the invention may be arranged in a shipping container so that the protective coating reduces the possibility of damage to the substrate or optional functional coating. In one embodiment, the protective coating is the evaporation or reaction product of an aqueous coating composition containing a polyvinyl alcohol polymer which may be subsequently removed by aqueous washing, thermal decomposition or combustion. In another embodiment, the protective coating is formed by sputtering a substantially carbon coating onto the substrate. The carbon coating is subsequently removed by combustion.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) a silanol group-bearing silicone resin comprising 30-100 mol % of T units: R1—SiZ3 and among the entire T units, 30-80 mol % of T-2 units containing only one silanol group: R1—Si(OH)Z′2 wherein R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, Z is OH, hydrolyzable group or siloxane residue, at least one Z being a siloxane residue, and Z′ is a siloxane residue, and having a number average molecular weight of at least 100, and (B) a polymer resulting from an acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer is applied to a substrate and heated above the decomposition temperature of polymer (B) to form a porous film. The porous film is flat and uniform despite porosity, and has a low permittivity and high mechanical strength. It is best suited as an interlayer insulating layer when used in semiconductor device fabrication.

Abstract: A method of forming a dielectric film on a Si substrate comprises the steps of adsorbing a gaseous molecular compound of a metal element constituting a dielectric material on a Si substrate, and causing a decomposition of the gaseous molecular compound thus adsorbed by a hydrolysis process or pyrolytic decomposition process or an oxidation process.

Abstract: A method of making a charge containing element including the steps of depositing and patterning a dielectric material on a surface wherein the dielectric material includes a metallo-organic component and a liquid component; and decomposing by laser light the deposited dielectric material to substantially evaporate the liquid component to cause the metallic portion of the metallo-organic component to react with oxygen causing the dielectric material to have charge-holding properties.

Abstract: Silica-based refractories are impregnated with protective material that is more resistant towards attack by corrosive species. The protective material coats the surface of the refractory matrix and fills some of the cavity volume of its pores, crevices, surfaces imperfections and irregularities. The protective material is positioned by impregnating the refractory with a precursor which, under the input of energy, is converted into the corrosion resistant protective material.

Abstract: A thin-walled honeycomb structure includes: a circumferential wall, numerous partition walls disposed inside the circumferential wall, and numerous cell passages defined by the partition walls. A circumferential portion of the honeycomb structure is reinforced wholly or in a part within a certain distance from an extremity surface of the honeycomb structure by a reinforcing material that dissipates or evaporates at a high temperature, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates first of all to a method for covering areas of damaged protective coating on containers or the like, in which, according to the invention, protective coating material is stamped on to the zone in which the damaged areas occur. The invention also describes an apparatus for carrying out the method in which a carrier unit is provided for stamping protective coating material on to the damaged area. Apparatus is provided for positioning the carrier unit with respect to the container.

Abstract: A copper containing component and a manganese containing component are applied onto the surface of a substrate to form a coating having a selected ratio of copper to manganese to form a desired color. For a brown color, the film molar ratio of copper to manganese is above 1; for an amber color, the molar ratio is below 1, and for a blue color the film molar ratio is about 1. Further, color shifting of a multi-component coating upon subsequent heat treatment is minimized or prevented by determining the most mobile species in the coating and then placing a concentration gradient layer of an oxide of that mobile species between the substrate and the coating.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a glass-, ceramic- or vitroceramic-based substrate (1) provided on at least part of at least one of its faces with a coating (3) with a photocatalytic property containing at least partially crystalline titanium oxide.

Abstract: A method for preparing an inorganic film-forming coating composition. The method involves reacting a titanium monomer and/or a low condensation product thereof containing a group hydrolyzed to form a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen peroxide water.

Abstract: A method of curing cracks in a ceramic shaped body made from ceramic magnet materials or ceramic superconductor materials, in which a filling material which melts at a lower temperature than the material of the shaped body or is flowable at a lower temperature than the material of the shaped body is applied to the surface of the shaped body at least in the area of a crack and/or is introduced into at least one crack, in which the shaped body with the filling material is heated to and maintained at a temperature at which the material of the shaped body does not yet melt or is not yet flowable, but at which the filling material is in at least partially molten and flowable state at least until the fused filling material can penetrate at least partially into the crack, in which the filling material consists of non-metallic or essentially of non-metallic compounds and is at least partially crystallized, and in which the shaped body with the filling material is cooled, wherein the thermal crystallization conditions

Abstract: Light emissive devices incorporating a low-reflectance black or color dielectric layer into their layered structure for improving the contrast of the emitted light. The black or color dielectric layer comprises a layer of a dielectric material having a network of passageways, such as pores or grain boundaries, and a colorant, such as black ink particles of a black ink additive, color ink particles of a color ink additive, or active particles of an organic dye, which is dispersed within the network of passageways. The presence of the colorant in the network of passageways significantly reduces the reflectivity of the dielectric layer. The light emissive devices of the present invention are applicable to improve the display contrast in various flat panel display technologies.

Abstract: A method of forming a dielectric layer on a substrate, including the steps of providing a metallo-organic material in a solvent, which dissolves such metallo-organic material; coating dissolved metallo-organic material onto the substrate to form a layer; and heating the deposited layer in an oxygen environment to produce thermal decomposition of the organic component of the dissolved metallo-organic material and a reaction of the metallic portion of the material with oxygen thereby causing the layer to become dielectric.

Abstract: A grain aggregate is formed by bonding a plurality of cross-linking polymeric grains via a substance (binder) having a reactive functional group, and alternatively, the grain aggregate is formed by bonding at least two different types of a plurality of grains, thus providing the grain aggregate having the improved heat resistance, solvent resistance, strength and light-diffusing properties. Further, a light-diffusing agent made up of the grain aggregate has the improved light-diffusing properties. Therefore, when applying a light-diffusing mold article including the light-diffusing agent to, for example, a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, high brightness and a wide angle of visibility can be attained. Further, by spray drying of a dispersion liquid containing the grain aggregate, the grain aggregate can be produced with ease.

Abstract: A liquid precursor for forming a layered superlattice material is applied to an integrated circuit substrate. The precursor coating is annealed in oxygen using a rapid temperature pulsing anneal (“RPA”) technique with a ramp rate of 30° C./second at a hold temperature of 650° C. for a holding time of 30 minutes. The RPA technique includes applying a plurality of rapid-temperature heat pulses in sequence.

Abstract: Silicone resins having the general formula (R1SiO3/2)x(HSiO3/2)y where R1 is an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; x has a value of 0.05 to 0.7; y has a value of 0.3 to 0.95 and x+y =1. The resins are used to form porous ceramic materials and porous thin films on semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of this invention comprises a conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer (e.g. lightly La doped BST 34), and a high-dielectric-constant material layer (e.g. undoped BST 36) overlaying the conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer. The conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer provides a substantially chemically and structurally stable electrical connection to the high-dielectric-constant material layer. A lightly donor doped perovskite generally has much less resistance than undoped, acceptor doped, or heavily donor doped HDC materials. The amount of donor doping to make the material conductive (or resistive) is normally dependent on the process conditions (e.g. temperature, atmosphere, grain size, film thickness and composition). This resistivity may be further decreased if the perovskite is exposed to reducing conditions.

Abstract: A ceramic product containing at least 70% lithium aluminium silicate of 100% total mass weight percent; and a non-wetting agent in the form of barium sulphate. Most preferably, the lithium aluminium silicate includes petalite in finely divided form which has been fired to a temperature between 1150° C. and 1210° C.

Abstract: An organic solvent-free process for deposition of metal oxide thin films is presented. The process includes aqueous solutions of necessary metal precursors and an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is fired at high temperatures to yield optical quality metal oxide thin films.

Abstract: A method and device of treating an irregularly shaped article to prepare the article for painting is provided. The device includes a burner which can produce an adjustable flame tongue which can fit into crevices, openings and other irregular topographical features of an item to be painted or otherwise coated. The burner device further provides means to apply a grafting chemical on a freshly oxidized surface. Further, the invention provides means to colorize treated objects so that they may be recognized as having been treated. In another embodiment, the grafting chemicals may be enhanced with electrolytic solutions such that electrostatic methods of painting may be subsequently employed on the item. In an alternate embodiment, the burner is adapted to spray a powder inside of a generally enclosed flame, and is used in conjunction with chop guns to manufacture glass or carbon fiber preforms.

Abstract: A method for making a sensor is disclosed. The method comprises: disposing an electrolyte between a first side of sensing electrode and a first side of reference electrode, disposing a first side of a protective layer adjacent to said a second side of said sensing electrode, applying a mixture of a metal oxide, a fugitive material, and a solvent to a second side of the protective layer, and calcining the applied mixture to form said a protective coating on the second side of the protective layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing niobium(V) alkoxides and tantalum(V) alkoxides, in particular niobium(V) ethoxide and tantalum(V) ethoxide, by reacting NbCl5 or TaCl5 with an appropriate alcohol in the presence of ammonia, wherein NbCl5 or TaCl5 is dissolved at a temperature of from about 0° C. to −50° C. in the alcohol containing from about 5 to about 7 mol of ammonia per mol of NbCl5 or TaCl5 to be reacted.