Abstract: An article of manufacture adapted for use as a cutting tool is provided with an aluminum oxide coated substrate having layers of TiN and/or TiC deposited thereon, whereby the beneficial characteristics of the TiN, TiC and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 coatings are provided simultaneously for such cutting tool. The TiN/TiC outer layers are strongly bonded to the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer by means of an intermediate TiO layer. The process for producing such insert is also disclosed.

Abstract: An aluminum thin film (14, 24) for semiconductor devices has been heretofore formed by vacuum deposition. However, because the aluminum to be deposited on a semiconductor substrate by vacuum deposition has a directional property of growth, breakage of the resultant aluminum wiring often occurred at a step or sidewall (2a) of the substrate.The present invention provides a method for forming the aluminum thin film (14, 24) by chemical vapor deposition, in which AlCl.sub.3 is reacted with molten aluminum (46) to form AlCl, and the produced AlCl is decomposed into Al and AlCl.sub.3 in the vicinity of the semiconductor substrate, i.e. wafer (47), maintained at a low temperature so as to cause the produced Al to be grown on the wafer (47). In accordance with the present invention, the an aluminum thin film (24) having a uniform thickness can be formed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a vapor phase process for the deposition of at least one protective metal coating on a metal piece. The coating is aluminum, chromium, titanium, or a derivative of these metals or alloys or mixtures. The coating is effected by the reaction of the surface of the metal piece, suitably heated in an enclosure, with a halide compound of the coating metal which is formed by the reaction, in the enclosure, between a chemical halide compound with a donor. The donor consists of the coating metal or an alloy formed in a thin sheet, the surface area being of the same order of magnitude as that of the piece to be coated, located so that the surface area faces the metal piece.

Abstract: The surface of a dielectric is exposed to gaseous WF.sub.6 and H.sub.2 at a temperature between approximately 500.degree. C. and 650.degree. C. This initiates the formation of tungsten islands on the dielectric surface without damaging the surface. An appropriate metallization layer is then deposited from the vapor phase onto the tungsten island covered dielectric surface.

Abstract: Erosion and abrasion resistant refractory metal carbide articles are provided having multiphase alloy of borides including titanium boride, binder metal boride, and titanium-binder metal-refractory metal borides by diffusion of titanium initially to convert the refractory metal carbide to its constituents which are then reacted with boron, forming a new added surface in replacement of the original article surface, and bridging the original surface locus.

Abstract: A substrate is made for silicon solar cells by heating a sheet of large-grained silicon steel at a temperature of at least about 1300.degree. C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen and tungsten hexafluoride (or hexachloride) at a partial pressure ratio of hydrogen to tungsten hexafluoride of about 3 to about 6 to deposit an epitaxial layer of tungsten on said sheet of silicon steel. Epitaxial silicon can then be deposited in a conventional manner on the layer of epitaxial tungsten.

Abstract: An improved high energy laser (HEL) mirror is provided wherein the internal surfaces of the molybdenum structure of the mirror defining passageways for water coolant flow are plated with a substantially continuous coating of tungsten by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques described by the invention herein. The mirror is thereby made resistant to the corrosive action of the circulating coolant water on the molybdenum structure comprising the laser mirror.

Abstract: A metallic or ceramic layer is deposited on a component by plasma spraying. This produces a rough, still porous, coating which is poorly bonded at the interface with the substrate. Aluminium or chromium is vapor deposited under pulsating pressure to react with the substrate to form an oxidation resistant coating of Ni Al (intermetallic) or Ni Cr (solid solution) which may include ceramic particles and is aerodynamically smooth.

Abstract: Disclosed are very fine wires, of the order of 3-6.times.10.sup.-6 m diameter, having cross sections which are uniform within .+-.3%. A common drawn tungsten wire is electrolytically etched to a fine diameter, of the order of 2-4.times.10.sup.-6 m. The variations in cross sectional area along the etched wire are eliminated by selectively vapor depositing tungsten on the surface while using resistance heating. The very fine uniform wires enhance the performance of devices such as fluidic angular rate motion sensors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a deposit, such as silicon, by the reaction of a reactant, such as lithium, with a gas containing the element or compound to be deposited, such as silicon tetrachloride. One reactant diffuses through the growing scale on a heated inert substrate to react with the gas on the other side of the scale and lead to further scale growth.

Abstract: A coated article and method for producing the coated article are described. The article is provided with a coating system which provides protection against hot corrosion at moderate temperatures (1200-1700.degree. F.). An overlay coating based on a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel or cobalt or mixtures thereof and containing chromium and optionally aluminum, yttrium and/or hafnium is applied to the article to be protected. A silicon rich surface zone is produced at the surface of the overlay coating. Methods including pack cementation and physical vapor deposition are described for producing the coating.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a process for applying a protecting silicon-containing coating on a superalloy. The invention further concerns the thus obtained specimens having a protective coating.

Abstract: A continuous wire coating method is described which features a reaction chamber wherein a volatilized refractory metal compound is thermally decomposed to deposit said refractory metal as a coating on a refractory metal wire during passage through said reaction chamber. A substantially uniform thickness coating of the refractory metal is deposited in passing the refractory metal wire through said reaction chamber in a substantially vertical direction. The nature of said coating substantially precludes any subsequent thermal migration of the refractory metal in the wire core.

Abstract: A process for the chromization by gas of steels containing more than 0.2% of carbon, consisting of three successive treatments, the chromization treatment proper employing a cement having a ferrochrome base containing between 1% and 3% of carbon, and preferably 2%. The process is particularly useful in the chromization of structural and tool steels.

Abstract: Ferrous metal or titanium or aluminum is coated with a mixture of phosphoric acid, chromic acid and magnesium salts of these acids, as well as with aluminum flakes, or coated with a mixture of aluminum flakes and magnesium chromate or dichromate, to provide after baking excellent resistance to attack. Aluminum-silicon alloys containing about 10 to about 15 weight percent silicon give better results than ordinary aluminum, particularly when the aluminum is in powder form; and when coated products are given a burnishing treatment. Very good masking for pack diffusion aluminizing or chromizing on any metal to keep portions from being diffusion coated is effected by localized coating, the lowest layer of which is depletion-reducing. The upper coating layer can be of non-contaminating particles like nickel or Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 that upon aluminizing or chromizing become coherently held together to form a secure sheath. Such sheath can also be used for holding localized diffusion-coating layer in place.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for boronizing pieces made of metal or cermet and to surface-boronized pieces. The pieces are placed in a chamber at between 850.degree. and 1,150.degree. C. and they are subjected, in the presence of boron carbide, to a gaseous stream of trifluoroboroxole (BOF).sub.3. The boron carbide is advantageously pulverulent and out of contact with the pieces to be boronized.

Abstract: A method for depositing a refractory on a semiconductor substrate passivated with silicon dioxide and/or oxygen doped polycrystalline silicon is disclosed. The usual undercutting of the oxygen doped polycrystalline silicon or of the silicon substrate at the edge where it meets the oxide is prevented by depositing a layer of phosphorus doped polycrystalline silicon over the passivation material before the metal is deposited.

Abstract: A method for applying a metallic coating to inner wall surfaces of a fluid-cooled turbomachinery blading member employs a substantially dry coating powder mixture which includes inert filler powder having a nonuniform powder size blend and a coating powder source which reacts with a halide activator to generate a coating vapor. The coating powder mixture is retained within a portion of the blading member during heating to generate the vapor. Blading members can be repaired and fluid-cooling passage exit openings can be resized.

Abstract: Chromized nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys have alphachrome phase formed during chromizing, and the amount of that phase is diminished by one or more treatments with alkali-permanganate solution and intervening removal of permanganate reaction product film as by acid dip. A kit of such solutions can be prepared. Low-alloy steel steam boiler tubing can have chromized interior and aluminized exterior, and long lengths chromized without a perfectly sealed retort around it can have end caps fitted with extra pack to reduce oxygen penetration to interior. Chain saw cutter blades can be chromized and carburized. Stripping of aluminized coatings from superalloys with fluoride-containing nitric acid solution is improved by follow-up treatment with fluoride-free nitric acid solution.

Abstract: Glass fibers employed as optical waveguides are provided with a metal coating by passing the glass fiber, following its formation, through a chamber into which a metal-containing compound is introduced. A source of radiant energy, e.g., a CO.sub.2 laser, is introduced by means that are controllably positioned from the glass fiber, e.g., an infrared-transmitting fiber such as thallium bromo-iodide. The radiant energy is sufficient to cause dissociation of the metal-containing compound on the glass fiber surface so as to form the metal coating on the glass fiber without coating the rest of the apparatus. Any metal compound may be used such as metal carbonyls, metal halides, metal alkyls, metal aryls, metal olefins, metal esters, metal nitro compounds, metal hydrides and combinations and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A low cost coating protects metallic base system substrates from high temperatures, high gas velocity oxidation, thermal fatigue and hot corrosion. The coating is particularly useful for protecting vanes and blades in aircraft and land based gas turbine engines.A lacquer slurry comprising cellulose nitrate containing high purity silicon powder is sprayed onto the superalloy substrates. The silicon layer is then aluminized to complete the coating.The Si-Al coating is less costly to produce than advanced aluminides and protects the substrate from oxidation and thermal fatigue for a much longer period of time than the conventional aluminide coatings. While more expensive Pt-Al coatings and physical vapor deposited MCrAlY coatings may last longer or provide equal protection on certain substrates, the Si-Al coating exceeded the performance of both types of coatings on certain superalloys in high gas velocity oxidation and thermal fatigue.

Abstract: A gas containing a film forming component is shot through a shooting means in the form of a high speed stream of gas. The gas stream is shot toward the surface of a heated base where a film is to be deposited. The stream is directed at an inclination relative to the base surface. As the stream approaches the base surface it is subjected to the action of a high speed sucking stream of air produced by a sucking means. The sucking means causes the gas stream to flow in a V-shaped path with the upper ends of the V located at the shooting means and the sucking means, with the vertex of the V located therebetween. The film coating is placed on the surface of the base by allowing the base surface to contact the V-shaped path of the stream at the vertex of the path.

Abstract: Diffusion chromizing of nickel-base superalloys is effected with essentially no formation of oxide or alphachrome, even in a high-volume diffusion coating pack, by use of a pack consisting essentially of, by weight,about 2 to about 3% aluminumabout 3 to about 6 times as much chromium as aluminuma mixture of cobalt and nickel in a combined amount about 10 to about 20 times the amount of aluminum, the amount of cobalt being from about 1/3 to about 4/3 the amount of nickelthe balance of the pack being essentially inert filler and activating material. The use of a magnesium halide activator with such pack extends the improvement to the application of heavier chromizing cases. Pack can be of fluent type, particularly where workpiece is partially masked, and masking can be colored to provide visual contrast. Metals not requiring chromizing can be aluminized and top coated with slurry of flake aluminum in aqueous solution of CrO.sub.4.sup..dbd., PO.sub.4.sup..tbd. and Mg.sup.++.

Abstract: Improved powder-type diffusion-coating compositions for use in codeposition processes involving the formation of diffusion coating of chromium and aluminum on high nickel and high cobalt alloys known as superalloys. The compositions are characterized by easy flowability and, particularly, by the use of the intermetallic compound Co.sub.2 Al.sub.9.

Abstract: Chromized nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys have alphachrome phase formed during chromizing, and the amount of that phase is diminished by one or more treatments with alkali-permanganate solution and intervening removal of permanganate reaction product film as by acid dip. A kit of such solutions can be prepared. Low-alloy steel steam boiler tubing can have chromized interior and aluminized exterior, and long lengths chromized without a perfectly sealed retort around it can have end caps fitted with extra pack to reduce oxygen penetration to interior. Chain saw cutter blades can be chromized and carburized. Stripping of aluminized coatings from super-alloys with fluoride-containing nitric acid solution is improved by follow-up treatment with fluoride-free nitric acid solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for boronizing pieces made of metal or cermet and to surface-boronized pieces. The pieces are placed in a chamber at between 850.degree. and 1,150.degree. C. and they are subjected, in the presence of boron carbide, to a gaseous stream of trifluoroboroxole (BOF).sub.3. The boron carbide is advantageously pulverulent and out of contact with the pieces to be boronized.

Abstract: Roughening effect of low-temperature diffusion aluminizing of age-hardenable stainless steels, is offset by applying a nickel or cobalt plating not over 0.1 mil thick before the aluminizing.

Abstract: One or more mineral values of metal oxide ores selected from the group consisting of bauxite, taconite, apatite, titanium oxides and the metal oxides of Groups, IIIB, IVB, VB VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB and IVA are beneficiated by treating the ore with a metal containing compound under conditions such as to selectively enhance the magnetic susceptibility of the mineral values to the exclusion of the gangue in order to permit a physical separation between the values and gague.

Abstract: A high strength steel especially suitable for diffusion chromizing and a method for making same is described. The high strength steel comprises a carbon content of 0.01 to 0.08%, 0.1 to 1.0% silicon, 0.5 to 2.2% manganese, 2.0 to 10% chromium, 0.01 to 0.4% molybdenum, 0.002 to 0.05% aluminum, up to 1% of a carbide former and iron with normal impurities. The low carbon steel is heated at an elevated temperature (e.g., 1100.degree. C.) in the presence of chromium to effect diffusion of the chromium into the steel surface whereby a diffusion layer with a high concentration of chromium is formed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is an improvement in chromizing methods, constituted by a method of chromizing steels to a depth e greater than 30 microns, usable for steels with a carbon content of at least 0.2%, especially for steels for construction work and steels for tools, characterized by the combination of three successive treatments, the first of these three treatments consisting of an ionic nitriding of a surface layer between 100 and 350 microns thick, this ionic nitriding being realized in an atmosphere constituted by a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, at a temperature of between 450.degree. C. and 650.degree. C., for between 5 and 40 hours, so as to obtain between 1.5% and 2.5% nitrogen in the nitrided layer, the second of these treatments consisting of a chromizing by gaseous method forming chromium carbides, lasting between 5 and 30 hours, and realized at temperatures of between 850.degree. C. and 1,100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of depositing a hard, fine grained metal or semi-metal alloy is described wherein a volatile halide of the metal or semi-metal is partially reduced and then deposited as a liquid phase intermediate compound onto a substrate in the presence of an alloying gas. The liquid phase deposited on the substrate is then thermochemically reacted to produce the hard, fine grained alloy. Also described are products which may be produced by the above method.

Abstract: A plasma process for forming a polymer film containing metal therein includes the steps of providing an electrode of a metal that can be etched by a halogen, providing a substrate for the polymer film to be deposited thereon, and passing a halocarbon monomer through a plasma system so that the metal etched from the electrode forms a volatile halide and is incorporated in the polymer film that is deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A method according to the present invention is intended for treating items (articles) for magnetically soft alloys employed in radio-electronic, relay and switching apparatus, in optical-and-mechanical and automation systems. The method consists in saturating the surface of items with chromium inside a powder chromizing mixture at a temperature in excess of 800.degree. C. The items are heated at a rate not higher than that of recrystallization of a metal of the items, and the rate of diffusion processes of saturating the items. The items are cooled at a rate close to that of phase transformations and formation of a magnetic structure in the metal of the items, for example, at the rate of 20-200 degree/hour below the Curie point. To enhance the magnetic properties and the stability thereof, as well as wearability and the resistance of the items to corrosion, chromizing of the item surfaces is conducted in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: Diffusion coatings can be masked from portions of a workpiece by combination of layers, the outer one of which forms coherent strong shell that holds inner layer or layers in place. All ingredients of these layers can be materials such as nickel, nickel aluminide, chromium, chromic oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) and inert diluent that do not contaminate superalloys or even low alloy or plain carbon steels. Such a holding shell can also be used to retain on a workpiece surface a layer that causes formation of a diffusion coating. Low alloy steel conduit can be internally chromized and/or externally chromized or aluminized to make it more desirable for use as high pressure steam boiler heat exchange tubing. Nickel articles aluminized with deep Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3 layer that has outer skin more heavily aluminized can have aluminum correspondingly leached out from outer skin only.

Abstract: A process for coating inorganic substrates, especially metallic or metalloid substrates, sintered metal carbides and carbon materials with carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides, using certain nitriles as sources of carbon and nitrogen, is described. High deposition rates and smooth coatings of good to very good adhesion are achievable by this process.

Abstract: A method of preventing the deposition of an aluminum-based pack coating on a predetermined portion of a substrate is provided, said method including the principal step of applying a maskant composition to said predetermined portion prior to coating. The composition includes a reduceable metal oxide capable of reacting with and being reduced by said coating; an inhibitor for controlling the rate of reaction between the coating and the reduceable material; and a resinous binder vehicle in which the reduceable material and the inhibitor are suspended.

Abstract: An improved sintered cemented carbide body and method for making same is disclosed. The improved sintered cemented carbide body contains at least one metal carbide and a binder metal, on which body there is applied at least one thin, wear resistant surface layer consisting essentially of aluminum oxide and is characterized in that at least 85% of the aluminum oxide consists of the kappa form, the remainder, which mainly constitutes the alpha form, being formed as surface portions or spots having a size of at the most 10 .mu.m, the size and the occurrence of the surface portions being so adjusted that they lie within the area AOB in FIG. 1 of the attached drawing.The body is made by a method wherein a cemented carbide substrate is contacted with a gas containing an aluminum halide and a reducing agent at high temperature, characterized in that a dopant addition of tetravalent titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium ions is added to the gas in an amount of 0.03-0.5% of the totally supplied amount of gas.

Abstract: A process for coating an article such as a turbine blade composed of nickel-base alloy, comprises the steps of surrounding the article by a particulate pack in a chamber, the pack including coating material in elemental or chemically combined form, said coating material selected from the group comprising aluminium, chromium, titanium, zirconium tantalum, niobium, yttrium, rare earth metals, boron and silicon together with a halide activator, preferably of low volatility, and cyclically varying the pressure of an inert gas or a reducing gas or a mixture of said gases contained within said chamber, while maintaining the contents of the chamber at a temperature sufficient to transfer coating material onto the surface of the article and form a diffusion coating thereon.

Abstract: A metallic article of a Fe--Ni base, controlled linear thermal expansion alloy is provided with improved environmental resistance without detriment to mechanical properties through the application to and diffusion into the article surface of Cr with or without other coating metals such as Ni. The coating is preferably applied through the pack diffusion method.

Abstract: A method for coating a nickel-base superalloy substrate with a nickel-aluminide coating, saturated with chromium and containing no precipitated phases is disclosed which comprises enriching the superalloy substrate with chromium by diffusion of chromium into the substrate at a rate below that at which a pure or alloyed chromium layer forms and then growing a nickel aluminide coating on the chromium enriched substrate surface by the outward diffusion of nickel from the substrate into an aluminum-containing pack in which the source of aluminum is the stoichiometric intermetallic compound NiAl, or a metal powder mixture having the overall aluminum activity of NiAl.

Abstract: A coating of refactory metals alloy, e.g. an alloy of tantalum and tungsten, is deposited on a substrate, such as the bore of a gun barrel, by reacting an alloy of the refractory metals with chlorine to form a mixture of the vapors of the refractory metal chlorides and reacting the resulting mixture of vapors with hydrogen to reduce the metal chlorides to the free metals. The alloy coating thus deposited possesses a finer grain structure and is more homogeneous and ductile than one obtained by chlorinating the tantalum and tungsten metals separately.

Abstract: This invention relates to the making of negatives intended for the production of bodies which contain cavities of predetermined shapes.The term "negative" signifies a disposable core member, for example as used in some molding techniques such as the lost wax process. The negative at least partly matches the cavities which latter form two independent systems of regularly distributed intersecting channels with the channels in any one same system intercommunicating via ducts which are themselves regularly distributed.

Abstract: A gas phase aluminizing process for alloys based on Group VI B and VIII metals such as chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel is disclosed. The process is particularly useful in the coating of internal passages of complex high temperature gas turbine hardware such as blades and vanes, where it has been found that the complex aluminum halide activators used herein have a "throwing power" greater than was heretofore obtained with the conventional halide activators such as ammonium chloride in the gas phase process.

Abstract: The coefficient of friction of glass is decreased and the scratch resistance is improved by applying finely divided or vaporized butyltin trichloride to the heated glass articles to produce a coating of stannic oxide on the glass. The glass is then coated with a conventional lubricating wax.

Abstract: A superconductive film of Nb.sub.3 Ge is produced by providing within a vacuum chamber a heated substrate and sources of niobium and germanium, reducing the pressure within the chamber to a residual pressure no greater than about 10.sup.-5 mm Hg, introducing nitrogen into the resulting evacuated chamber in controlled amounts and vaporizing the niobium and germanium to deposit a film of Nb.sub.3 Ge on the heated substrate.

Abstract: A superconductive film of Nb.sub.3 Ge is produced by providing within a vacuum chamber a heated substrate and sources of niobium and germanium, reducing the pressure within the chamber to a residual pressure no greater than about 10.sup.-5 mm Hg, introducing air into the resulting evacuated chamber in controlled amounts and vaporizing the niobium and germanium to deposit a film of Nb.sub.3 Ge on the heated substrate.

Abstract: A superconductive film of Nb.sub.3 Ge is produced by providing within a vacuum chamber a heated substrate and sources of niobium and germanium, reducing the pressure within the chamber to a residual pressure no greater than about 10.sup.-5 mm Hg, introducing oxygen into the resulting evacuated chamber in controlled amounts and vaporizing the niobium and germanium to deposite a film of Nb.sub.3 Ge on the heated substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a boriding agent for mass produced parts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals consisting essentially of a boron yielding material, activator, filler and water as a binder and containing in the boriding agent 2 to 8 weight % of pyrogenic silica.

Abstract: A process of forming a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a glass substrate by contacting such face while at elevated temperature with droplets comprising a metal compound which by pyrolysis forms the coating metal or metal compound on the face, the improvement which comprises the steps of discharging at least one stream of the droplets at an inclination to the face so as to impinge on a zone within the face area to be coated, effecting a relative displacement between the stream and substrate so that the instantaneous zone of impingement of the stream on the face is progressively displaced along the face area to be coated, and creating suction forces in exhaust ducting whose entrance is located directly downstream from the impingement zone so as to cause gases environmental to the stream to flow continuously in the downstream direction away from the stream and from the vicinity of the impingement zone and directly into the ducting substantially without affecting the paths of the droplets toward the

Abstract: An improved sintered cemented carbide body and method for making same is disclosed. The improved sintered cemented carbide body contains at least one metal carbide and a binder metal, on which body there is applied at least one thin, wear resistant surface layer consisting essentially of aluminum oxide and is characterized in that at least 85% of the aluminum oxide consists of the kappa form, the remainder, which mainly constitutes the alpha form, being formed as surface portions or spots having a size of at the most 10 .mu.m, .[.the size and the occurrence of the surface portions being so adjusted that they lie within the area AOB in FIG. 1 of the attached drawing..].The body is made by a method wherein a cemented carbide substrate is contacted with a gas containing an aluminum halide and a reducing agent at high temperature, characterized in that a dopant addition of tetravalent titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium ions is added to the gas in an amount of 0.03-0.5% of the totally supplied amount of gas.