Abstract: A gas sensor element has a protection layer smaller in heat capacity than a conventional protection layer formed by a dipping process. A gas sensor includes the gas sensor element. The gas sensor element is manufactured by a method of manufacturing. The gas sensor element includes at least one space formed between a protection layer and an element body. The space is positioned over at least one of four vertexes of a forward end of the element body at a location at which the thickness of the protection layer is likely to become small. Therefore, it is possible to restrain breakage of the vertexes of the forward end of the element body which could otherwise result from thermal shock stemming from adhesion of water. The protection layer of the gas sensor element can be reduced in thickness and thus in heat capacity as compared with a conventional protection layer.

Abstract: A dust preventing crust on an exposed surface of a mass of a dusting material is formed from a dried liquid solution of a non-ionic cellulose ether, a surfactant, and water. The strength of the crust is increased by adding a plasticizer to the liquid solution prior to drying the liquid solution on the mass of dusting material. The strength of the dust preventing crust is increased over a strength of a dust preventing crust produced from drying a fluid solution comprising the non-ionic cellulose ether, the surfactant and water prior to adding the plasticizer.

Abstract: A solid amorphous silica-rich aluminosilicate composition is stable at temperatures up to 1500° C. or above and is capable of sustained use as a coating under high to extreme temperature conditions.

Abstract: A turbine component is provided, on which a protective layer is arranged, for example to avoid droplet impact erosion, wherein, in a first method step, a nanofilm is applied and a brazing metal is applied to the nanofilm, and the nanofilm chosen is one which, after initial ignition, leads to an exothermic reaction, whereby fusion of the brazing metal with the base material takes place to form a protective layer.

Abstract: Construction element for walls and wall lining comprising at least one layer of lining material (11) and one layer of lightened natural lime (12) attached to the lining material (11) by drying to form a single body.

Abstract: Treatment of a layer comprising self-assemblable polymer at a surface of a substrate is disclosed. In an embodiment, the treatment includes arranging a zone of temperature change to sweep across the layer, wherein a temperature of the layer within the zone differs from an initial temperature of the layer prior to passage of the zone.

Abstract: Microencapsulated chemical(s), as water-soluble solid particles, are embedded in at least one the paint layers on the surface of a magnesium article used in an automobile. If the protective paint film is scratched or otherwise mechanically disturbed to expose the surface of the magnesium article the capsules will be ruptured. This will expose the encapsulated chemical(s) to ambient water enabling them to dissolve and form an aqueous solution capable of reacting with the exposed magnesium to form a protective passivating layer on the exposed magnesium to resist corrosion. In a second embodiment the encapsulated chemicals include a deliquescing compound for extraction of moisture from the atmosphere sufficient to induce dissolution of the passivating layer-forming chemical(s) and trigger the formation of the passivating layer in the absence of ambient water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a titanium sheet covered with a protective film superior in high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature salt damage resistance and a method of production of the same and an automobile exhaust system using the same. The titanium sheet covered with a protective film is formed on its surface with a protective film of a thickness of 1 to 100 ?m where flake-shaped metal Al with an average thickness of 0.1 to 5 ?m and average width or average length of 1 to 50 ?m or grain-shaped metal Al with an average size of 0.1 to 30 ?m is dispersed in 20 to 60 mass % silicone resin or silicone grease and comprised of Si: 15 to 55 mass % and C: 10 to 45 mass % and having a balance of unavoidable impurities. Preferably the titanium sheet of the substrate contains one or both of 0.5 to 2.1 mass % of Cu and 0.4 to 2.5 mass % of Al.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of amine molecules (N) and phosphonic compounds (P) for coating surfaces intended to be used in the field of horology. Since these two types of compounds are alkaline and acid in nature, they form pairs of ions that interact with all types of surfaces, whether these are composed of mineral materials such as glass, metal, non-oxidised materials (inter alia gold, rhodium and their alloys), or also polymeric materials. Taking advantage of the surprising complementary nature of these two types of compounds, the present inventors propose a composition and a coating process that enable functionalisation layers to be formed on any type of material, in particular those used in clock mechanisms.

Abstract: A hydrophobizing agent is supplied to a substrate and a surface of the substrate is hydrophobized. Thereafter, the substrate is dried. The substrate to be processed is maintained in a state of not contacting water until it is dried after being hydrophobized. Collapse of a pattern formed on the substrate surface is thereby suppressed or prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of coating and curing, including conveying a substantially flat substrate to be coated with a conveyor system through a combination roll coating and curing facility, wherein the combination roll coating and curing facility comprises at least one roll coating facility and at least one curing facility, roll coating the substantially flat substrate with a continuous sol gel coating material with the at least one roll coating facility, and curing the sol gel coating material on the substantially flat substrate with an air knife of the at least one curing facility, wherein the air knife is adapted to direct a heated stream of air to cure the continuous sol gel coating material while an interior of the substantially flat substrate remains at a temperature substantially lower than a temperature of air from the air knife.

Abstract: Organic polymer particles are provided in a cement composition that is used to apply a skin to a ceramic honeycomb, or to bond the ceramic honeycomb to another honeycomb or another material. The presence of the organic polymer particles reduces the penetration of the cement composition through porous walls of the honeycomb. In this way, less blocking of the honeycomb cells is seen, and the reduction in thermal shock performance that is often seen when cement compositions are applied to ceramic honeycombs is reduced.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby a membrane/electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells whereby a high output voltage is obtainable within a wide range of current densities.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing soil-resistant glass the surface of which is covered with a coating film having a high hardness, and the soil-resistant glass are provided. A coating film comprising titania or/and titania-silica is formed by coating a glass surface with a photocatalyst solution comprising the titania or/and the titania-silica each having a photocatalytic function and heating the applied photocatalyst solution at a temperature higher than at least 100° C. The heating temperature may be a temperature higher than 100° C. and 300° C. or lower. The time of heating at the above-mentioned temperature may be at least 2 minutes or longer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition with excellent finished appearance and removability in bell cleaning, and a method for forming a multilayer coating film having excellent smoothness by a 3-coat-1-bake method including successively applying an aqueous first colored coating composition, an aqueous second colored coating composition, and a clear coating composition to a substrate, and heat-curing the resulting three layers of the multilayer coating film all at once.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a high-quality boron nitride film grown by using a borazine oligomer as a precursor through a metal catalyst effect. The method solves the problems, such as control of a gaseous precursor and vapor pressure control, occurring in CVD(Chemical vapor deposition) according to the related art, and a high-quality hexagonal boron nitride film is obtained through a simple process at low cost. In addition, the hexagonal boron nitride film may be coated onto various structures and materials. Further, selective coating is allowed so as to carry out coating in a predetermined area and scale-up is also allowed. Therefore, the method may be useful for coating applications of composite materials and various materials.

Abstract: Bismuth ferrite-lead titanate heterostructures and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Heterostructures may include a metal coated substrate contacting a first ferroelectric layer made of lead titanate; and a second ferroelectric layer contacting the first ferroelectric layer, the second ferroelectric layer having the composition (BiFeO3)1-x—(PbTiO3)x, wherein 0.25?x?0.35.

Abstract: A coated composite material comprising a composite substrate comprises a polymeric matrix with fibre reinforcement, a surface of the composite substrate being coated with a two-phase primer layer E and a coating layer A adhered to said outer surface of the two-phase primer layer E. The two-phase primer layer E comprises a reinforcing phase of material elements bound in a predefined distribution by a polymeric phase and at least partially exposed at an outer surface of the primer layer so as to provide a surface texture.

Abstract: A process for reinforcing a glass-ceramic article, into which a maximum tension is introduced beneath the surface of the glass-ceramic, advantageously in proximity to said surface. The invention also relates to an enamel that can be used for this reinforcement, this enamel being formed from a glass frit having the following composition, the proportions being expressed as weight percentages: SiO2 50-66% MgO 3-8% Na2O ?7-15% K2O 0-3% Li2O ?0-12% CaO ?0-10% BaO ?0-15% Al2O3 0-3% ZrO2 0-3% ZnO 0-5% B2O3 0-8% the sum of the alkaline-earth metal oxides CaO+BaO moreover being between 8 and 15%, and the sum of the alkali metal oxides Na2O+K2O+Li2O moreover being between 7 and 20%. The reinforced glass-ceramics obtained by the process.

Abstract: Provided is a coating composition excellent in antifouling properties, transparency and hydrophilicity, wherein the coating composition contains (A) a metal oxide particle having a number average particle size of 1 nm to 400 nm; and (B) a polymer particle, in which the content of an aqueous-phase component in the component (B), represented by the expression (I), is 20 mass % or less, where (I) (%)=(dry mass of a filtrate obtained by filtering the component (B) at a molecular cutoff of 50,000)×(100?total mass of solid content)/(mass of the filtrate?dry mass of the filtrate)×100/the total mass of solid content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a golf ball. The method comprises mixing a polyisocyanate crosslinker with a base TPU cover material, wherein the polyisocyanate crosslinker is aliphatic, miscible with the base TPU cover material and has functionalities greater than or equal to 2. The method further comprises dipping a golf ball in a catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst solution is allowed to absorb into a cover of the golf ball and heating the golf ball to allow continued diffusion of the catalyst solution into the cover of the golf ball.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods for coating stents are described herein. Applying a composition including polymer component and solvent to a stent substrate followed by exposing the polymer component to a temperature equal to or greater than a Tg of the polymer component is disclosed. Repeating the applying and exposing one or more times to form a coating with the result that the solvent content of the coating after the final exposing step is at a level suitable for a finished stent is further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for providing a rubber-elastic sealing member onto a capsule (1) intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the capsule has a body portion (3) having a side wall (3a) and a flange-like rim portion (2), wherein the rim portion (2) extends from the side wall (3a) of the body portion (3), the method comprising the steps of: —applying an uncured sealing composition (4) in a liquid or viscous state onto the rim portion (2) of the capsule (1), —heating said applied sealing composition (4) such that the sealing composition at least partially migrates towards the side wall (3a) until it reaches the side wall, and—curing the sealing composition (4) after the migration towards the side wall (3a).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, systems and compositions for surface treatments of substrate surfaces. Specifically, embodiments provided herein are for methods and compositions for imparting hydrophobicity to substrate surfaces. The embodiments provided herein are for methods of imparting hydrophobicity to substrate surfaces comprising the steps of hydrolyzing a solution comprising a titanium precursor to obtain a titania sol, diluting the titania sol solution, treating the substrate surface with the at least one dilution of the titania sol, and drying the treated substrate surface. Further, surface treatment compositions comprising titania sol solutions are provided herein.

Abstract: A coated substrate including: a substrate including a treated layer, a photocatalytic layer, and a protective layer between the photocatalytic layer and the treated layer, the protective layer comprising colloidal particles dispersed in a matrix, the colloidal particles including first and second types of particles that differ in their respective particle size distributions and which together provide a physical barrier by virtue of the first, smaller particles at least partially filling interstices between the second, larger particles and thereby impede photocatalyst derived degradation of the treated layer, the first type of colloid particles comprising hydrolysed silica based material such as reactive silica condensate particles or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, or mixtures thereof, the protective layer having an effect of less than 20 delta E units on the colour and gloss of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate; depositing an infrared reflecting layer over at least a portion of a substrate; depositing a primer layer over at least a portion of the infrared reflective layer; depositing a dielectric layer over at least a portion of the primer layer; and forming an absorbing layer. The absorbing layer includes an alloy and/or mixture of (a) a metal having an index of refraction at 500 nm less than or equal to 1.0 and (b) a material having a ?G°f of greater than or equal to ?100 at 1000° K. The metal can be silver and the material can be tin.

Abstract: A method can be used to coat a vehicle body. The method includes: (a) providing a metallic substrate; (b) applying a foundation coat over the metallic substrate; (c) applying a basecoat over the foundation coat; (d) applying a clearcoat over the basecoat; and (e) heating the metallic substrate, the foundation coat, the basecoat, and the clearcoat simultaneously in order to cure the foundation coat, the basecoat, and the clearcoat. The foundation coat is inherently UV stable and is configured to protect the vehicle body against corrosion, and bonds the metallic substrate to the basecoat and the clearcoat. A vehicle body includes a metallic substrate, a foundation coat bonded to the metallic substrate, a basecoat disposed over the foundation coat, and a clearcoat disposed over the basecoat.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly of a porous metallic gas diffusion substrate and a polymeric separator membrane for use in an alkaline electrolyser or alkaline fuel cell. The polymeric separator membrane of the assembly comprises inorganic hydrophilic particulates dispersed in an organic polymeric binder. The polymeric separator membrane is gas tight when filled with electrolyte. The polymeric separator membrane is penetrating into at least a top portion of the porous metallic gas diffusion substrate. Also disclosed is a method to produce such an assembly via coating a paste on a porous metallic gas diffusion substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic electronics, such as OLEDs, OPVs and organic photo detectors. It particularly provides intermediates and materials suitable for manufacturing such organic electronics, to specific manufacturing methods and to specific uses.

Abstract: Membrane-ready fibrous faced gypsum panels, methods, and apparatus are provided. The panels include a first fibrous mat having a first surface and a second surface, a second fibrous mat having a first surface and a second surface, a gypsum core in contact with the second surfaces of the first and second fibrous mats, and a material coating that covers the first surface of the first fibrous mat and forms a substantially smooth outer surface.

Abstract: An antiballistic article and method of making the antiballistic article. The antiballistic article is made by applying a resin on the surface of at least one fabric layer such that the resin forms a network with a degree of cross-linking of at least 80% within no more than 350 seconds at a temperature of 130° C. at most.

Abstract: A method for making a variable-density carbon nanotube film is provided. A drawn carbon nanotube film, including a number of carbon nanotubes aligned along an aligned direction, is prepared. A number of thin regions are formed in the drawn carbon nanotube film along the aligned direction by reducing density of carbon nanotubes in each of the plurality of thin regions. A variable-density carbon nanotube film is provided and includes a number of thin regions and at least one normal region having a density of carbon nanotubes greater than that of the thin regions. The at least one normal region includes a number of carbon nanotubes substantially aligned along an aligned direction. The thin regions are arranged in the form of at least one row extending along the aligned direction.

Abstract: A PTFE-based sliding material, wherein the porous sintered layer on the surface of backing metal is impregnated with baked PTFE, with one or both of the solid lubricant and wear-resistant additive together with fibrous PTFE forming an entangled fibrous PTFE structure, is used for a bearing of air-conditioner. Resistance of the bearing for local wear is required. Such wear resistance is to be enhanced. Carbides of an oligomer or polymer containing a hydrophilic group formed during baking are incorporated in the entangled structure of fibrous PTFE.

Abstract: A method for producing a ferroelectric thin film comprising: coating a composition for forming a ferroelectric thin film on a base electrode of a substrate having a substrate body and the base electrode that has crystal faces oriented in the (111) direction, calcining the coated composition, and subsequently performing firing the coated composition to crystallize the coated composition, and thereby forming a ferroelectric thin film on the base electrode, wherein the method includes formation of an orientation controlling layer by coating the composition on the base electrode, calcining the coated composition, and firing the coated composition, where an amount of the composition coated on the base electrode is controlled such that a thickness of the orientation controlling layer after crystallization is in a range of 35 nm to 150 nm, and thereby controlling the preferential crystal orientation of the orientation controlling layer in the (100) plane.

Abstract: An architectural construct is a synthetic material that includes a matrix characterization of different crystals engineered to exhibit certain properties. An architectural construct can be fabricated by a process involving layer deposition, formation, exfoliation and spacing. In one aspect, purified methane can be dehydrogenated onto a substrate by applying heat through the substrate. Deposited carbon can form a plurality of layers of a matrix characterization of crystallized carbon through self-organization. The layers can be exfoliated and spaced to configure parallel orientation at a desired spacing and thickness using selected precursors and applying heat, pressure, or both. The desired architectural construct can further be stabilized and doped to exhibit desired properties.

Abstract: A method of coating a workpiece. The method includes applying a primer layer having a color pigment to the workpiece, applying a basecoat layer to the primer layer, and applying a clearcoat layer to the basecoat layer. The primer layer contributes to the color of the workpiece.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing ink and in particular to an ink for ink-jet printing which is cured by irradiation. The ink comprises at least one radiation-curable monomer; at least one passive thermoplastic resin; at least one radical photoinitiator; and at least one colouring agent; wherein the ink has a viscosity of less than 100 mPas at 25° C., and wherein the at least one passive resin is present at 2 to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the ink and has a molecular weight of 1,500 to 70,000.

Abstract: A method for producing a ferroelectric thin film comprising: coating a composition for forming a ferroelectric thin film on a base electrode of a substrate having a substrate body and the base electrode that has crystal daces oriented in the (111) direction, calcining the coated composition, and subsequently performing firing the coated composition to crystallize the coated composition, and thereby forming a ferroelectric thin film on the base electrode, wherein the method includes formation of an orientation controlling layer by coating the composition on the base electrode, calcining the coated composition, and firing the coated composition, where an amount of the composition coated on the base electrode is controlled such that a thickness of the orientation controlling layer after crystallization is in a range of 5 nm to 30 nm, and thereby controlling the preferential crystal orientation of the orientation controlling layer to be in the (110) plane.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of dry building materials comprising one or more polymers in the form of water-redispersible powders, and optionally mineral binders, optionally fillers and optionally additives, for the surface treatment of cementitious substrates that are as yet not fully set.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system especially useful in damage resistant, ceramic dental and orthopedic prosthesis. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure comprises an outer (aesthetic) residual glass layer, a graded glass-ceramic layer, and a dense interior ceramic. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure may further comprise a veneer on an exterior surface. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system. A powdered glass-ceramic composition or a glass tape is applied to the accessible surfaces of a dense alumina substrate to thereby substantially cover the substrate surfaces. The glass of the composition has a CTE similar to that of the substrate material. The glass-ceramic composition is infiltrated into the dense substrate by heating the assembly to temperatures 50-700° C. below the sintering temperature of the substrate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to water-dispersible polyurethane polymers as well as related polyurethane dispersion (PUD) compositions including the same, methods of making the same, methods of using the same, and articles coated with the same. The water-dispersible polyurethane polymer includes hydrophobic oligomeric polyether soft segments that include 1,2-di-substituted oxyethylene repeating units. The 1,2-di-substituted oxyethylene repeating units are derived from unsaturated fatty acid esters, such as from a distribution of epoxidized vegetable oil fatty acid esters subjected to a ring-opening polymerization process for oligomeric polyether polyol formation. The water-dispersible polyurethane polymer further includes hard segments common to other PUD compositions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of reducing static on hair or a cloth material, reducing hair frizz and/or increasing shine on hair by wiping the hair or cloth material with a dry wipe product. The dry wipe product comprises a flexible substrate having a first side and a second side; and either an anhydrous composition, or an aqueous composition, disposed over the first and/or second side(s) of the flexible substrate. When hair or cloth material is wiped with a side of the dry wipe product having the anhydrous composition or the aqueous composition disposed thereon, the anhydrous composition or aqueous composition is transferred from the flexible substrate of the dry wipe product to the hair or cloth material. The anhydrous compositions and aqueous compositions of the instant disclosure reduce static on hair and/or cloth, reduce hair frizz and/or increase shine on hair.

Abstract: A prepreg of FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) having with (i) a matrix resin composition containing a bifunctional isocyanate and/or a trifunctional isocyanate, a polyol and a bifunctional chain extender having two active hydrogen groups at a molar ratio, as a functional group, of isocyanate:polyol:chain extender=5.0 to 1.0:1.0:4.0 to 0, or containing a bifunctional isocyanate and/or a trifunctional isocyanate and a polyol at a molar ratio, as a functional group, of liquid isocyanate:polyol=0.9 to 1.1:1.0; and (ii) a fibrous material. A production process of the prepreg. According to the present invention, the prepreg has a sufficient pot life and permits convenient production of an FRP molding.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a method of manufacturing a soft batt insulation material. The article of manufacture comprises fibers having crimps and surface features such as scales that provide a batt structure which is resiliently compressible. Fiber treatments provide fire, pest, fungus, and mold resistance. The treatments can be to the surface or to the internal structure of the fiber. The insulation batts are comprised of one or more layers of intermeshed fibers. The fibers can be wool or other protein based hair. The batts can include a restrainment structure that limits that expansion of the batts.

Abstract: There is described (pref. non-adhesive) coating compositions (which may be either water or solvent borne) that comprise an autoxidisable vinyl polymer, the autoxidisable polymer having a vinyl polymer backbone 25% to 75% by wt of the autoxidisable polymer; fatty acid residue 25% to 75% by wt of the autoxidisable polymer; Tg from ?60° C. to +20° C., Mw from 3500 to 50000 g/mol; and polydispersity from 2 to 10; the autoxidisable polymer obtained by a process of: (A) polymerising ethylenically unsaturated vinyl monomers comprising: at least one epoxy functional vinyl monomer 15% to 100% by wt total monomers in (A); 0 to 85% of at least one other ethylenically unsaturated vinyl monomer, (preferably other than styrenic monomers) by wt total monomers in (A); (B) reacting the epoxy functional polymer from (A) with fatty acids having an average iodine value from 30 to 250 g I2/100 g fatty acid; where composition has: a) a opt.

Abstract: An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are tiles, coatings, and related methods that provide both high cleanability and high slip resistance. The coating can be a surface coating with a unique chemical make-up. The surface coating can also have particles suspended within it. During a firing process, the coating and particles can settle in such a manner that the surface structure of the coating, and thus the surface structure of the tile, is both easy to clean and slip-resistant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating subject materials with compositions includes a material treatment section for treating a subject material with a composition of a silane-containing material and a hydrocarbon solvent to form a treated material, and a neutralizing section for neutralizing the treated material such that the treated material has a pH in a range of approximately 7 to approximately 8.

Abstract: A coating process wherein a precoated automotive substrate is OEM top coated with an aqueous two-component polyurethane top coating composition prepared by static mixing a non-aqueous hydrophobic polyisocyanate crosslinker component and an aqueous binder component having a binder solids content comprising at least one water-dilutable hydroxyl-functional binder and 5 to 30 wt.-% of a urethane compound A with at least two terminal urethane groups (—NHC(O)OR; R=hydrocarbyl residue of a monoalcohol) and having a number-average molar mass (Mn) of from 400 to 5,000.

Abstract: A composite film comprising: (i) a heat-stabilised oriented polyester substrate comprising a UV-absorber in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10% based on the total weight of the polyester substrate, and (ii) on one or both surfaces of the substrate a polymeric coating layer, which has a thickness in the range of from about 10 nm to about 200 nm, and which comprises an ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer, wherein the composite film exhibits a shrinkage at 150° C. for 30 minutes of less than 0.1% in both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the film, and use thereof in the manufacture of photo-voltaic cells.