Abstract: The properties of a diffusion barrier material layer over a semiconductor substrate are enhanced in a simple and time-effective manner by immersing the substrate in an oxidizing liquid. For a titanium-tungsten barrier metal, a dip in nitric acid for 1-60 minutes provides the metal with an oxide layer of the right thickness of 10-20 .ANG..

Abstract: A process for formation of a water repellent coating which comprises applying a topcoat coating composition of a fluorine containing thermosetting resin and granular compound of 5 microns or less in mean particle size to a substrate bearing a thermosetting undercoat coating film which is semi crosslinked, and then co-curing both films by heating. The resulting cured coating has a water repellent surface, excellent adhesion to a substrate, excellent corrosion resistance, no staying of water as droplets on the surface and no foul odor. The coating is especially suitable for applying to aluminum fins of a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A hydrophilic surface-treating aqueous solution and a hydrophilic surface-treating method are provided to form a film which can maintain its hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic surface-treating aqueous solution contains as main components polyglutamic acid, basic compound, and aqueous resin if necessary. This surface-treating solution and method enable the forming of a film on the surface of aluminum series metals which are used for aluminum fins of heat exchangers, and confer the film's anticorrosion properties, superior hydrophilicity and high hydrophilic permanency, while remarkably suppressing an offensive odor.

Abstract: A continuously advancing workpiece (e.g., a steel rod) is treated prior to size reduction by drawing. The rod is preheated and then a liquid (such as a borax solution) is applied to the surface of the rod. The preheating of the rod provides sufficient residual heat within the rod to rapidly and evenly dry the liquid such that the rod is provided with a thick and uniform coating. Also disclosed is a system for conditioning the coating liquid.

Abstract: A composition for coating a metal surface which comprises at least one C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid, at least one citric acid ester and an organic solvent. The composition provides improved anti-corrosion protection for an extended period of time and metal surfaces coated with the composition can be painted without first removing the coating.

Abstract: According to this invention, a novel marking method for block gauges employing an improved electron discharge marking approach is provided. The method for marking on the surface of a block gauge, comprising:preparing a block gauge with electric conductivity or partial conductivity;immersing said block gauge in an insulating oil with cooling circulation sufficient to maintain the oil at a temperature; andapplying to said block gauge a discharge current and a modulated pulse width to produce recessed markings.In some embodiments of this invention, the temperature is an ambient temperature, the discharge current is between 0.1 to 10 amperes, the modulated pulse width is between 1 to 100 microseconds and preferably between 1 to 20 microseconds, and the surface roughness of the recessed markings is within 10 .mu.m and preferably within 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A process for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of ferrous metal arts consists in immersing the parts, which have previously been treated using a nitriding, diffusion technique, in a molten salt bath comprising carbonates, nitrates, hydroxides and oxygenated alkali metal salts. The relative anionic proportions by weight of carbonates, nitrates and hydroxides expressed in terms of their sodium salts and corresponding to the active phase, that is the liquid in the bath, are as follows:11<CO.sub.3.sup.2- <2319<NO.sub.3.sup.- <376<OH.sup.- <19and the proportion by weight of oxygenated alkali metal salts, expressed in equivalents of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7.sup.2- is as follows: 0.05<oxygenated anions<0.41. This process guarantees a high degree of reproducibility of results regardless of the type of treated part.

Abstract: Metallic surgical implant materials having improved strength of connection with bone are produced when the implants are treated prior to implantation with an aqueous solution of sodium fluoride.

Abstract: A method for post-cleaning finish drying is provided, by which finish drying of industrial parts can be conducted without leaving residues or corroding the cleaned material. In this method, finish drying can be performed without the use of freon being a cause of destruction of the ozonosphere. Preferably, a cleaned material is dipped (rinsed) in a low molecular weight siloxane having a content of organic compounds, such as dodecamethylpentasiloxane, of less than 0.01% by weight, taken out and dried. Also, preferably, the material rinsed with the low molecular weight siloxane is subjected to a vapor cleaning using a perfluorocarbon compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of uniform and ultra-thin films of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, or metal halides, which comprises of allowing to react interfacially, the two immiscible solutions prepared as mentioned hereinbelow.

Abstract: A process for surface treatment and wear resistant coating of opening rollers for open end spinning of the type having a basic metallic body and a raw wire clothing, includes the steps of introducing the opening roller into a sealing bath in such a way that this sealing bath fills even the smallest voids between the raw wire and the basic body of the roller, rinsing off the opening roller clean on the outside, heat treating the opening roller, and subjecting the opening roller thus pretreated to deburring and antiwear coating in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A process for the fabrication of a rapidly solidified foil laminate composite. An amorphous metallic glass foil is flux treated and coated with solder. Before solidification of the solder the foil is collected on a take-up spool which forms the composite into a solid annular configuration. The resulting composite exhibits high strength, resiliency and favorable magnetic and electrical properties associated with amorphous materials. The composite also exhibits bonding strength between the foil layers which significantly exceeds the bulk strength of the solder alone.

Abstract: A hydrophilic coating for aluminum comprising a substantially chromium-free treatment including phosphoric acid, boric acid and optionally molybdic acid.

Abstract: A head cleaning device for use in a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus comprises a cleaning roller in which a lubricant with an excellent lubricating action under low humidity conditions impregnates the soft material. This lubricant compensates for the drop in the natural lubricating action resulting from a moisture deficiency, and therefore prevents the production of seized deposits. Furthermore, the head cleaning device comprises a first cleaning portion impregnated with polymer resin and abrasive particles, and a second cleaning portion comprising only a soft material, the second cleaning portion can remove by wiping any abrasive particles or deposits left on the magnetic head surface immediately after the abrasive action of the first cleaning member.

Abstract: The invention concerns an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising a polymer and a substrate having a surface electric charge, wherein a side chain of the polymer and the substrate are physically or chemically bonded. A method of manufacturing an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising: adsorbing a monomolecular film comprising a unsaturated group or a laminated film comprising the monomolecular film on to a substrate surface, irradiating the monomolecular film or the laminated film with an energy beam to polymerize the unsaturated groups and applying a high voltage to the film is also disclosed. Further, a method of manufacturing an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising: physically bonding a side chain of the polymer to a substrate surface to form a thin film and applying a high voltage to the thin film is also disclosed.

Abstract: A rinse solution for the treatment of conversion-coated metal substrates for improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance of siccative coatings, comprising an aqueous solution of a Group IVA metal ion, namely, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, and mixtures thereof, and an organosilane selected from the group consisting of methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof, with the Group IVA metal ion concentration selected to provide a pH about 2.0 to 9.0. A method for treating such materials by applying the rinse solution to the substrate.

Abstract: Doped encapsulated semiconductor nanoparticles of a size (<100 .ANG.) which exhibit quantum effects. The nanoparticles are precipitated and coated with a surfactant by precipitation in an organometallic reaction. The luminescence of the particles may be increased by a further UV curing step.

Abstract: A micro-mechanical device (10) includes relatively movable elements (11, 17) which contact or engage and which thereafter stick or adhere. A perfluoropolyether (PFPE) film (31) is applied to the contacting or engaging portions of the elements (11,17) to ameliorate or eliminate such sticking or adhesion.

Abstract: A coating of resin and photoactive functionality is autodeposited from an emulsion onto a metallic substrate in order to selectively protect the substrate from corrosive environments such as etchant processes. An acid and oxidizing agent are included in the emulsion so that when the substrate is immersed in the emulsion the resin and photoactive functionality autodeposits. The resulting coating can be exposed to actinic radiation in an image-wise fashion and developed in an alkaline solution to develop the image created. In instances where the emulsion and process are used to make circuit boards, the metallic surface uncovered during developing is then etched away, leaving only the coated sections of the surface. The resulting coated surfaces will be the circuit traces of the circuit board.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fuser member which comprises applying to a fuser supporting substrate a coating mixture of a fluoropolymer, and an aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ornament with a thin film formed on the ornament surface. The thin film includes a fluorocarbon-based adsorbed monomolecular film, and the thin film is covalently bonded to the ornament. By contacting the ornament with the non-aqueous solution containing a chlorosilane group at one end and a fluorocarbon chain at the other end, a reaction occurs between hydroxyl groups at the ornament surface and the chlorosilyl groups of the material having a plurality of chlorosilyl grounds. A monomolecular film which is covalently bonded to the ornament surface is thereby obtained. A thin, fluorine-containing, monomolecular film thus can be formed on the ornament such that it is, chemically bonded to the ornament. The film is anti-contaminating, water-and oil-repelling, durable and does not spoil the intrinsic luster of the ornament.

Abstract: A resinoid dicing blade having approximately a 20% by volume porosity structure is coated and impregnated with Teflon.RTM. by a process which impregnates the resinoid blade with Teflon.RTM. to about 0.3 to 0.5% by weight. The Teflon.RTM. impregnated dicing blades not only reduces nozzle chipping when bonded silicon wafers are separated into a plurality of individual printhead die, but blade life is significantly increased.

Abstract: This invention relates to conversion coating of metal substrates which may comprise mixed metals such as steel, zinc or zinc based alloys or zinc aluminium alloy coated steel, aluminium or aluminium surfaces to provide a corrosion resistant surface which is subsequently coated with a paint coating.The process of the invention comprises contacting the metal surface with an aqueous composition comprising silica, phosphoric acid and a divalent metal ion, the composition being substantially free of chromium and of any oxy metal anions which the metal has a valency of at least 5. The metal surface is subsequently cured by drying, or preferably by heating immediately after contact with the composition with no intermediate rinsing stage. A paint coating is then applied.The process provides a painted surface, the coating providing an effective anti-corrosion coating and paint having good adhesion.

Abstract: A process for coating a metal fastener with a coating composition that has a particular affinity for plaster materials is disclosed. The composition comprises a mixture of a copolymer of an aromatic monomer, preferably styrene, and a monomer with .alpha., .beta. unsaturation with carboxyl groups, preferably maleic anhydride, and a thermoplastic resin disposed within an organic solvent. The resin is preferably polyvinyl acetate, and the solvent can be an aromatic solvent, a ketone, a chlorohydrocarbon, or a mixture there of. The coating composition is disposed within a reservoir, and the fastener is dipped into the composition within the reservoir. The coated fastener is then subsequently dried at approximately ambient temperature.

Abstract: Methods for seeding and growing diamond films on planar and non-planar surfaced substrates and also for patterning the diamond films include mixing submicron diameter diamond particles and binder particles in carriers such as photoresist or water, and applying the mixture to a substrate surface. Treatment of the substrate by chemical vapor deposition then removes the carrier and grows the dispersed diamond particles into a diamond film. Notably, diamond particles having an average size of 25 nanometers form a particularly desirable mixture since the particles do not tend to settle out of the mixture, and also since these particles result in smooth diamond films. The mixtures can be applied onto non-planar surfaces by spraying, dipping, or dispensing and jet writing, and can be applied to planar and non-planar surfaces as a complete coating, as a line, or as a pattern.

Abstract: A process for forming an adherent diamond-like carbon coating on a workpiece of suitable material such as an aluminum alloy is disclosed. The workpiece is successively immersed in different plasma atmospheres and subjected to short duration, high voltage, negative electrical potential pulses or constant negative electrical potentials or the like so as to clean the surface of oxygen atoms, implant carbon atoms into the surface of the alloy to form carbide compounds while codepositing a carbonaceous layer on the surface, bombard and remove the carbonaceous layer, and to thereafter deposit a generally amorphous hydrogen-containing carbon layer on the surface of the article.

Abstract: In a continuous surface treating method and apparatus with an inline centrifugal separator, an object to be treated is contained in a basket and hung from a hanger of an overhead type and a series of surface treatments of the object is carried out by using a continuous conveyer of a power and free type. By using a hanger attach-detach conveyer, the object is moved from a main conveyer to a sub-conveyer and an excessive treating liquid attached to the object in a previous process is separated by using the centrifugal separator. Then, the object is returned from the sub-conveyer to the main conveyer to perform a next process. The surface treating apparatus includes the rotatable basket for containing the object.

Abstract: A hot melt corrosion inhibiting coating composition for application to chassis components and other heavy metal parts of transportation vehicles. The composition has superior adhesive wearability, coating uniformity and high temperature handleability and stability.

Abstract: A non-chromate conversion coating for metal surfaces such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel and zinc-aluminum steel consisting of an aqueous solution of a cationic polymer, an alkaline aqueous silicate and an organofunctional silane.

Abstract: A thin film of barium titanate is formed on a substrate by immersing a substrate in an aqueous solution containing titanium ions along with a glass substance mainly comprising barium oxide and silicon dioxide. In the solution, barium ions are eluted from the glass substance with the solution to react with titanium ions in the solution to deposit barium titanate on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for making a composite aluminum article comprises the steps of electrochemically or chemically adsorbing fine particles of a polytetrafluoroethylene to the surface of a hard anodic oxide film of an aluminum material or an aluminum alloy material, and drying the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material. Thereafter, the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material and an opposite member which slides along the aluminum material or the aluminum alloy material are rubbed together, and a lubricating film is thereby formed.

Abstract: The invention concerns an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising a polymer and a substrate having a surface electric charge, wherein a side chain of the polymer and the substrate are physically or chemically bonded. A method of manufacturing an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising: adsorbing a monomolecular film comprising a unsaturated group or a laminated film comprising the monomolecular film on to a substrate surface, irradiating the monomolecular film or the laminated film with an energy beam to polymerize the unsaturated groups and applying a high voltage to the film is also disclosed. Further, a method of manufacturing an ultra thin polymer film electret comprising: physically bonding a side chain of the polymer to a substrate surface to form a thin film and applying a high voltage to the thin film is also disclosed.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance, and also often the heat resistance, of a autodeposited coating in which the organic binders are predominantly copolymers of vinylidene chloride containing at least 50% vinylidene chloride can be improved by including another type of organic resin binder in the autodeposition bath in sufficient amount to constitute at least 2 up to as much as about 40% of the total of the PVDC and the other organic resin binder. Results can be further improved by rinsing the uncured autodeposited coating with an aqueous treatment solution that has a pH between 7 and 11 and contains between 0.01 and 5% of anions derived from multifunctional organic acids, preferably anions of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and/or oxalic acid before drying the coating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic film comprises dipping and holding a substrate having an active hydrogen atom on its surface in a metallic compound having an electrophilic property or solution of the metallic compound and washing the substrate with a nonaqueous solvent, thereby manufacturing a metallic monomolecular film on the substrate surface, or dipping and holding a substrate having an organic monomolecular film in organic compound or acid anhydride of organic compound or solution dissolving the organic solution, thereby, manufacturing an organic monomolecular film on a metallic compound monomolecular film. According to the method of manufacturing an organic film above mentioned, unlike the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, a complicated operation is not required and contamination of impurity to inside of film is avoided. As a result, a film having a complicated structure can be manufactured on a substrate simply.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a winding assembly of an electrical equipment with varnish, the winding assembly including a core and one or more windings wound on the core, the method comprising steps of enclosing the winding assembly in a bag, pouring a predetermined amount of varnish into the bag enclosing the winding assembly, reducing an atmospheric pressure in the bag and thereafter, maintaining the bag in the air-tightly closed state so that the winding of the winding assembly is impregnated with the varnish poured into the bag, and drying the winding assembly after completion of the step of impregnating the winding with the varnish.

Abstract: The present invention reduces weak points in the insulation films of electro-luminescence (EL) panels by constructing, at least the lower part of the insulating film, as a coated film comprising an insulator in film form created by coating a fluidic material in an EL indicating panel which includes a light emitting film disposed between a lower electrode film and an upper electrode film, and insulation films disposed in a way that will make contact with the light emitting film; and further by forming the contours of the light emitting film parts larger than the area in which the lower and upper electrode films intersect with each other in an EL indicating panel in which the light emitting film is divided into many light emitting film parts.

Abstract: The use of chelating type cation exchange resins, particularly those with iminodiacetic acid functionality, to remove dissolved multivalent cations such as iron, zinc, and chromium from used autodeposition compositions permits reuse of the autodeposition compositions without the need for added surfactant and without developing any undesirable graininess or other texture in the coatings formed. The cation exchange resins can be efficiently regenerated with 0.5 to 4% by weight aqueous hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Affinity matrices useful for the chromatography and immobilization of biological materials and the method of preparing and using the same are disclosed. The affinity supports are based on hydrated polyurethane polymers which have been activated to provide a means for covalently attaching a variety of bioaffinity agents. The hydrated polymer matrices are characterized by their biocompatibility and resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. Preferably, the prepolymers used to prepare the hydrated polymers are isocyanate-capped oxyethylene-based diols or polyols, at least 75% of said diols and polyols having a molecular weight of 7000 to about 30,000.

Abstract: A micromachine is lubricated in a fluid-based process. The known fluid-based process of releasing a sacrificial layer from a micromachine is followed by a fluid-based hydrophilic processing of the micromachine surfaces. A lubricating monolayer surface is then formed on the resultant hydrophilic micromachine surfaces. Afterwards, the surfaces are dried through conventional means.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of coatings on wires or fiber-like materials, in which hydroxyl-containing polymers having a number-average molecular weight of 250 to 1,000, a hydroxyl number of 130 to 750 and an acid number of 0 to 150 are mixed in the liquid state with polyisocyanates having a number-average molecular weight of 200 to 2,000 in the liquid state immediately before application, so that 0.5 to 1.5 isocyanate groups are present for each hydroxyl and carboxyl group, and are fed to a wire or fiber-like material which is in a continuous forward movement in an amount which corresponds to that immediately consumed, and a device suitable for the process and comprising capillary tubes through which the mixture is fed to the wire or fiber-like material.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of producing a densified carbon preform having interior a porous region of graded carbon-silicon carbide, carbon-silicon nitride or ceramic-ceramic composition.

Abstract: A rinse solution for the treatment of conversion-coated metal substrates for improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance of siccative coatings, comprising an aqueous solution of zirconium ion and an organosilane selected from the group consisting of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, .gamma.-methacryloxytrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof, with the zirconium ion concentration selected to provide a pH about 2.0 to 9.0. A method for treating such materials by applying the rinse solution to the substrate.

Abstract: Process for multilayer-lacquering of a substrate in which the outermost layer is prepared by use of a lacquer containing one or several cationic binding agents. It is possible to apply top coat and clear lacquer films based on cationic binding agents.

Abstract: A chromating treatment composition particularly suitable for preparing aluminum and stainless steel for clear coating comprises water, anions containing hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium cations, phosphate ions, dry process finely divided silica, and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid polymer or copolymer in such amounts that:(A) the concentration of the total of hexavalent and trivalent chromium atoms is in the range from 1 to 60 g/L;(B) the (trivalent chromium atom)/(hexavalent chromium atom) weight ratio is in the range from 0.6 to 2.5;(C) the (phosphate ion)/(total chromium atoms in hexavalent chromium ions and trivalent chromium ions) weight ratio is in the range from 0.5 to 4.5;(D) the (dry process silica)/(total chromium atoms in hexavalent chromium ions and trivalent chromium ions) weight ratio is in the range from 0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A non-chromate conversion coating for metal surfaces such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel and zinc-aluminum steel consisting of an aqueous solution of a cationic polymer, an alkaline aqueous silicate and an organofunctional silane.

Abstract: Thermoplastic powders well adapted for the direct adherent coating of metal substrates, i.e., without requiring an intermediate adherence primer layer, are based on a polyamide and/or a polyetheresteramide, and contain an effective amount of a polycondensate of an aromatic sulfonamide with an aldehyde or dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Process for forming an autodeposition coating on a metallic substrate by applying an autodepositing composition from a motile source thereof such as by spraying or by treating the surface with a continuous stream of the autodepositing composition.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.01 mole per liter of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, and acetic acid; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn--Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, 1/3PO.sub.4, 1/2SO.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyamides which are the reaction product of (A) an acid component of which 15-99 wt. % comprises one or more saturated or unsaturated dibasic C.sub.28 -C.sub.44 carboxylic acid, 1-50 wt. % comprises one or more saturated or unsaturated monobasic C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 carboxylic acid, another 1-50 wt. % comprises one or more saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.22 carboxylic acids, and optionally polybasic C.sub.2 -C.sub.14 and tribasic C.sub.42 -C.sub.66 carboxylic acids, and (B) an amine component of which 10-90 wt. % comprises diethylene triamine and/or one or more C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene diamines, and 10-90 wt. % comprises a poly(oxyalkylene) diamine whose molecular weight is 500-2000. The polyamides are solid at room temperature and fluid at elevated temperature so as to be capable of application as a protective coating to a substrate such as metal.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is immersed in a hydrophilic-film-forming solution in order to form a hydrophilic film on the surface of the heat exchanger. The film applied on the heat exchanger is then dried to a semi-dry state and while this film is semi-dry, an antimicrobial agent is permeated into the hydrophilic film. Then it is completely dried. By following this process, it is possible to permeate a large amount of antimicrobial agent near the surface of the film, increasing the antimicrobial effect and at the same time, the effect is retained over a long period of time because the antimicrobial agent is not coated on the surface and, therefore, is not washed away with water.