Abstract: An environmentally resistant coating (34) for improving the oxidation resistance of a niobium-based refractory metal intermetallic composite (Nb-based RMIC) at high temperatures, the environmentally resistant coating (34) comprising silicon, titanium, chromium, and niobium. The invention includes a turbine system (10) having turbine components (11) comprising at least one Nb-based RMIC, the environmentally resistant coating (34) disposed on a surface (33) of the Nb-based RMIC, and a thermal barrier coating (42) disposed on an outer surface (40) of the environmentally resistant coating (34). Methods of making a turbine component (11) having the environmentally resistant coating (34) and coating a Nb-based RMIC substrate (32) with the environmentally resistant coating (34) are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a system for regenerating a metal bath contaminated by mixed crystals, particularly a tin bath (17) in a hot-dip coating process. A partial stream of the tin bath (17) is removed from the coating tank (15) and is first of all heated above its liquidus temperature in a heating unit (24). Subsequently, the tin bath is conducted over a cooling unit (27) and, while flowing through a filter (29), is cleaned of mixed crystals coming down as a result of the cooling. The filter 29 is a ceramic foam filter made of silicon carbide. Subsequently, the regenerated tin bath (17a) is heated in a melting tank to process temperature, and returned from there to the coating tank (15).

Abstract: A method of coating dual phase high strength cold rolled steel having controlled amounts of carbon, manganese, and molybdenum is used as a starting material in a galvanizing/galvannealing process. Conditions in a multi-zone furnace of the galvanizing line can be controlled in a conventional manner while still effectively coating the high strength steel. A dual phase high strength steel product is made having a uniform coating of zinc in spite of the high manganese content of the steel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for coating apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction—which are taken to mean, for example, apparatus, tank and reactor walls, discharge devices, valves, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminution machines, internals, packing elements and mixing elements—wherein a metal layer or a metal/polymer dispersion layer is deposited in an electroless manner on the apparatus(es) or apparatus part(s) to be coated by bringing the parts into contact with a metal electrolyte solution which, in addition to the metal electrolyte, comprises a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited in dispersed form, where at least one polymer is halogenated.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a plated steel material and a method of production the same, having enhanced corrosion resistance and workability required for outdoor and exposed uses such as structures, revetments, fishing nets, fences, etc.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing coated steel sheet has the steps of: immersing a steel sheet in a hot-dip coating bath to form an Al—Zn base coating layer containing 20 to 95 mass % Al on the steel sheet, forming a passivated layer on the coating layer; and applying thermal history to the coating layer. The thermal history is applied immediately after the steel sheet left the hot-dip coating bath or in a temperature range of from T(° C.) between 130° C. and 300° C. to 100° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating particles thus obtained. According to the inventive method, the particles that are to be coated and at least one organo-metallic complex precursor of the coating material are brought into contact with each other in a liquid containing one or several solvents, whereby said particles are maintained in a dispersion in the liquid which is subjected to temperature conditions and supercritical pressure or slightly sub-critical pressure conditions; the precursor of the coating material is transformed in such a way that it is deposited onto the particles, whereupon the liquid is placed in temperature and pressure conditions so that it can eliminate the solvent in a gaseous state. The invention can be used to coat nanometric particles in paticular.

Abstract: An environmentally resistant coating (34) for improving the oxidation resistance of a niobium-based refractory metal intermetallic composite (Nb-based RMIC) at high temperatures, the environmentally resistant coating (34) comprising silicon, titanium, chromium, and niobium. The invention includes a turbine system (10) having turbine components (11) comprising at least one Nb-based RMIC, the environmentally resistant coating (34) disposed on a surface (33) of the Nb-based RMIC, and a thermal barrier coating (42) disposed on an outer surface (40) of the environmentally resistant coating (34). Methods of making a turbine component (11) having the environmentally resistant coating (34) and coating a Nb-based RMIC substrate (32) with the environmentally resistant coating (34) are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the solderability of a metallic surface is disclosed where the metallic surface is plated with an immersion silver plate prior to soldering, which immersion silver plate is treated with an additive selected from the group consisting of fatty amines, fatty amides, quaternary salts, amphateric salts, resinous amines, resinous amides, fatty acids, resinous acids, ethoxylated derivatives of any of the foregoing, and mixtures of any of the foregoing. The immersion silver deposits created are resistant to electromigration.

Abstract: This invention provides a plated steel wire with high corrosion resistance and excellent workability, wherein the average composition of the plating alloy in the plated steel wire comprises, in terms of weight percentage, Al: 4-20%, Mg: 0.8-5%, and if necessary one or more from among Si: ≦2%, Na: 0.001-0.1% and Ti: 0.01-0.1%, with the remainder Zn, and an Fe—Zn alloy layer of no greater than 20 &mgr;m thickness is present at the plating-base metal interface; it is produced by coating a steel wire with a molten zinc plating composed mainly of zinc as the first stage and then.coating it with a molten zinc alloy plating with the aforementioned average composition as the second stage. The maximum plating bath immersion time is 20 seconds, and the part of the plated steel wire drawn out from the plating bath is purged with nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A method for producing an inner tin film on the surface of plumbing components, such as those made of red brass or yellow brass, for drinking water supply. The lead content on the inner surface of the hollow component parts is first reduced by treatment with an acid-based aqueous reducing solution. For this purpose, chloride-free and sulfate-free, non-oxidizing hydracids may be used. The hollow component parts are subsequently chemically internally tinned.

Abstract: A method for producing coated strands of metal includes guiding a metal strand through the bottom of a vessel filled with a molten mass of the same or different composition as the metal strip, wherein the residence time of the metal strand is selected as a function of at least one of the molten bath level, the casting speed, the metal strand thickness, and the preheating temperature of the metal strand such that the deposited molten mass on the metal strand has a desired thickness of several times the initial thickness of the metal strand. After exiting from the molten bath, the metal strand with a layer crystallized thereon is subjected to a smoothing path carried out when the surface temperature of the strand crystallized thereon is smaller than the solidus temperature of the molten bath, so that at least the surface of the layer crystallized thereon is solidified. The crystallized layer is applied with a thickness which exceeds the desired final thickness of the coated strand.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating a strip material with a coating material having the following elements: an oven; a bath with a coating material having an upper surface; a deflector roller, partially immersed in the coating material, which has a deflector bearing for facilitating rotation about its axis and the deflector bearing being arranged above the upper surface of the coating material; a first and second roller, each partially immersed in the coating material and each having a bearing, arranged above the upper surface of the coating material, for facilitating rotation of its respective roller about its axis; and a hood arranged above the rollers and having at least one nozzle for blowing a heated pressurized fluid onto the coated strip to ensure uniform coverage of the strip by the coating material.

Abstract: The hot dip Zn galvanized steel sheet has excellent balance between tensile strength and ductility and excellent coating adhesion, an average composition of a base steel thereof includes: 0.05-0.25 mass % of C; not more than 2.0 mass % of Si; 1.0-2.5 mass % of Mn; and 0.005-0.10 mass % of Al, wherein the C content at the base steel surface layer portion right under a coating layer is not more than 0.02 mass %, the base steel structure contains not less than 50% of martensite phase, the martensite phase including both tempered martensite phase and fine size martensite phase, and the remaining portion of the base steel structure being formed by ferrite phase and residual austenite phase. A method of producing the hot dip Zn galvanizing steel sheet is described.

Abstract: In the formation of through wirings in a silicon substrate and so forth, there was a need for the development of a technology that would allow metal to be reliably filled particularly in the vicinity of openings of through holes and other fine holes. This invention provides a metal filling method and member with filled metal sections in which, in the inflow and filling of a plating solution into through holes 11 of a substrate 10 by immersing said substrate 10 in heated and melted conductive metal, filled metal sections are formed by preliminarily forming a metal layer 15 on the inner surface of one of the ends of through holes 11 of this substrate 10 as well as on substrate top surface 13 around those openings, removing substrate 10 on which inflow and filling of the plating solution into through holes 11 has been completed from the plating solution, and then cooling to solidify the plating solution that has been filled into the through holes.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting stress corrosion cracking occurring on steam generator tubes in the secondary side of nuclear power plants and an inhibitor therefor. The method comprises supplying cerium boride as an inhibitor for stress corrosion cracking into the secondary feed water of the nuclear power plants. The method according to the present invention improves resistance of stress corrosion cracking three times or higher than no inhibitor, and two times or higher than the conventional inhibitor. In particular, the method according to the present invention shows a superior inhibiting effect in the lead-contaminated environment such that the complete inhibition of stress corrosion cracking can be achieved. As thus, the method can reduce the unexpected stop of operating nuclear power plants caused by the stress corrosion cracking on steam generator tubes, thereby reducing the cost required for maintaining and repairing the tubes.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions maintained by an RF induction plasma thermal source, to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a liquid soluble metal oxide precursor formed reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a precipated metal oxide precursor formed liquid slurry reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions maintained by a flame combustion source to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: An neutral electroless gold plating method that minimises “black band” corrosion problem in the final product. The electroless gold plating solution is provided at neutral pH in the presence of a reducing agent, a complexing agent and an accelerator to allow a gold layer of the desired thickness to be plated under manufacturing conditions The gold layer produced thereof has good bondability and solderability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-cyanide displacement gold plating solution with which even an electroless nickel-boron plated or electrolytic nickel plated substrate can be subjected to displacement gold plating with good adhesion properties and high solderability. The displacement gold plating solution in accordance with the present invention contains 0.01 to 1.0 g/L (expressed in terms of gold concentration) of sodium gold sulfite or ethylene diamine complex of sodium gold sulfite, 10 to 100 g/L of sulfite, 5 to 50 g/L of organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, and 5 to 50 g/L of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or salt thereof, and has a pH value in the weak acid range of 4.5 to 6.

Abstract: A silver alloy plating bath and a method of forming a silver alloy film by using the silver alloy plating bath and by performing displacement plating on surfaces of a more base metal than silver, the silver alloy plating bath including Ag ions and at least one or more metal ions of Pd ions, Pt ions, Au ions and Rh ions, a concentration of the Ag ions and the metal ion or ions being 0.001 to 0.01 mol/l, a mol ratio of the metal ion or ions to the Ag ions being 1:0.01 to 0.1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high strength hot-dip galvanized and galvannealed steel sheets with excellent drawability for press forming and excellent plating adhesion that is useful as a member for automobiles, construction, electric devices and the like, and to a process for its manufacture. According to an embodiment of the invention, the steel sheet contains in terms of weight percent, C: 0.05-0.2%, Si: 0.2-2.0%, Mn: 0.2-2.5%, Al: 0.01-1.5%, Ni: 0.2-5.0%, P: <0.03% and S: <0.02%, the relationship between Si and Al being such that 0.4(%)≦Si+0.8 Al(%)≦2.0% and the remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the volume percentage of the retained austenite is 2-20% and the steel sheet surface wherein the relationship between the Ni and Si, Al in 0.5 &mgr;m of the steel sheet surface layer is such that Ni(%)≦¼ Si+⅓Al(%), has a Zn plating layer comprising Al: ≦1% with the remainder Zn and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An economical manufacturing method and structure of electrodes for lithium based electrochemical devices, such as batteries and capacitors, which method results in the electrodes having various metal foil or grid current collectors embedded in the middle of their thickness by continuous dipping of said collectors in an electrode slurry, which is then solidified. The electrodes have superior performance and low resistance, due to short electron's travel to the collector, excellent adhesion of the electrode material to the grid, and uniform thickness at unlimited width. The method also includes additional steps and treatments to produce high quality electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and related process for immersing a moving wire within a both of molten metal is applicable to wire forming processes. A flat-bottomed tray has at one end a nozzle for dispersing molten metal across the floor of the tray, from a first end to a second end, in a sheetlike flow. The nozzle preferably includes a slot-like opening, and is associated with a chamber for receiving a supply of pressurized molten metal for discharge through the slot. The metal is discharged with sufficient velocity to create a hydraulic jump or standing wave, whereby the crest of the wave is elevated above the tray end walls. Within the wave, molten metal experiences a turbulent flow in a direction against the travel of the wire array. The wire array passes through the wave, thereby experiencing immersion while being drawn through the apparatus in a straight path without substantial declination.

Abstract: A process for mechanical plating zinc alloys onto metal substrates is disclosed. The process is particularly suited to plating zinc-aluminium or zinc-manganese alloys onto aluminium or magnesium substrates. The zinc alloy particles are immersion coated with tin prior to plating upon the metal substrate. Fluoride ions are preferably added to the plating media to increase plating efficiency, particularly when zinc aluminium alloys are being plated.

Abstract: A method of coating of steel products such as plate and sheet using an aluminum-zinc coating alloy includes modifying the coating bath with a particulate compound constituent in effective amounts to decrease the spangle facet size of the coated product, improve tension bend rust stain performance, and coated product paintability. Constituents include borides such as titanium boride and aluminum borides, carbides such as titanium carbide, and aluminides such as titanium aluminide. The method produces a coated steel product that does not require temper rolling for painting.

Abstract: A process used during manufacture of printed circuit boards comprises protecting metal pads and/or through-holes to provide a tarnish-resistant and solderable coating. In the method, the pads and/or through-holes are bright-etched, metal plated, preferably by an immersion process, and treated with a tarnish inhibitor. The tarnish inhibitor may be incorporated into the immersion plating bath. The metal plating is usually with silver or bismuth and the pads and/or through-holes comprise copper.

Abstract: A method for providing a tin-plated wire which is free from thermal oxidation yellowing. In a tin-plated wire which comprises a core wire 1 with its surface being formed with a tin-plating layer 2, the composition of the plating is comprised of 30 to 500 wppm gallium, and tin or tin alloy that makes up the remainder thereof. With the content of Ga more than 30 wppm, thermal yellowing is able to be prevented. As too much content of Ga causes surface roughness, the content of Ga must be 500 wppm or below.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Zinc alloy yielding anti-corrosive coatings on ferrous materials; characterized as consisting of zinc plus its usual impurities and possibly aluminum and/or lead as well as alloying metals consisting of between x and y% by weight of nickel together with between v and w% by weight of at least one of the metal: vanadium and chrome wherein: x is equal to or higher than 0.001% by weight, preferably higher than 0.04% by weight, y is lower than or equal to 0.6% by weight, preferably lower than 0.2% by weight, v is equal to or higher than 0.001% by weight, preferably higher than 0.03% by weight, w is lower than or equal to 0.6% by weight, preferably lower than 0.04% by weight.

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is produced by rough rolling a steel, finish rolling the rough rolled steel at a temperature of Ar3 point or more, coiling the finish rolled steel at a temperature of 700° C. or less, and hot-dip galvanizing the coiled steel at a pre-plating heating temperature of Ac1 to Ac3. A continuous hot-dip galvanizing operation is performed by soaking a pickled strip at a temperature of 750 to 850° C., cooling the soaked strip to a temperature range of 600° C. or less at a cooling rate of 1 to 50° C. per second, hot-dip galvanizing the cooled strip, and cooling the galvanized strip so that the residence time at 400 to 600° C. is within 200 seconds. The steel sheet has a structure consisting essentially of ferrite and martensite.

Abstract: A radioactive transition metal stent, comprising one or more transition metals, wherein the transition metal stent surface is chemically bound to a radioactive material; and a method for producing the radioactive transition metal stent wherein the radioisotope is chemically bound to, and is uniformly confined to the transition metal stent surface without affecting the metallurgical properties of the transition metal stent is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a corrosion-resistant and an oxidation-resistant coating on a component in which a slurry is formed by mixing a binder solution with (1) a base powder selected from the group consisting of (a) MCrAlY wherein M is Ni or Co or both, (b) NiCrAl and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b) with (2) an added powder of Al, Pt, Pd, Si or mixtures thereof, each of the said powders having a grain size between 5 and 120 &mgr;m. The slurry is applied onto a component made of a superalloy based on nickel or cobalt. The slurry is hardened on the component to form a hardened slurry coating by heating the slurry to a temperature between room temperature and 450° C., and the hardened slurry coating is heated, to produce diffusion thereof into the component, at a temperature between 750° C. and 1250° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the production of a strip-like metallic composite material by the high-temperature dip coating of a metallic carrier strip, consisting of a metallurgic vessel for receiving the liquid depositing material, through which the carrier strip is capable of being led in a preferably vertical run-through direction by means of pairs of rollers arranged on the entry and the exit side, and of a preheating device for the carrier strip, said preheating device being located upstream of the metallurgic vessel. At the same time, the preheating device (41) is arranged in a housing (61) which is arranged in the entry region upstream of the metallurgic vessel (11) and surrounds the carrier strip (21) and into which the medium coming from a media supply (52) is capable of being introduced via at least one feed (51) led into the housing.

Abstract: A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied prior to its immersion into the electrolyte and start up of the electrolysis by connection to the positive current supply. The multi-layer coating is obtainable from one or more applied layers selected from: a liquid solution, a dispersion in a liquid or a paste, a suspension in a liquid or a paste, and a pasty or non-pasty slurry, and combinations thereof, with or without heat treatment between two consecutively applied layers. At least one layer of the multi-layer coating contains a polymeric and/or a colloidal carrier. The coating is after final heat treatment electrically conductive and has during operation in the cell an electrochemically active surface for the oxidation of oxygen ions present at the surface of the anode.

Abstract: A steel sheet having a composition comprising C: 0.05-0.20 mass %, Si: 0.3-1.8 mass %, Mn: 1.0-3.0 mass %, Fe of the balance and inevitable impurities is subjected to a primary step of primary heat treatment and subsequent rapid cooling to Ms point or lower, a secondary step of secondary heat treatment and subsequent rapid cooling, and a tertiary step of galvanizing treatment and rapid cooling, so as to turn the structure of the steel sheet into a composite structure of 20% or more by volume of tempered martensite, 2% or more by volume of retained austenite, ferrite and a low-temperature transformation phase. A galvanized layer is deposited on the surface of the steel sheet. It is preferred to cool the steel sheet to 300° C. at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec. or more after the galvanizing treatment. After the galvanizing treatment, alloying treatment may be conducted.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing copper-film-plated steel cord suitable for use in vehicle tires comprising plating zinc or tin on the surface of steel cord, drawing the zinc or tin-plated cord, and then plating copper film onto the zinc or tin plated steel cord by contact with a solution of cupric sulfate solution, cupric nitrate, cupric chloride or cupric acetate. Compared with the presently used brass-plated steel cord, manufacturing tires with copper-plated cord according to the present invention reduces manufacturing time due to faster formation of adhesion interphase, increases the storage period by enhancing moisture stability, and retards adhesion degradation thereby extending the service life of the tires.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high strength thin excellent workability and galvanizability, having a composition comprising from 0.01 to 0.20 wt. % C, up to 1.0 wt. % Si, from 1.0 to 3.0 wt. % Mn, up to 0.10 wt. % P, up to 0.05 wt. % S, up to 0.10 wt. % Al, up to 0.010 wt. % N, up to 1.0 wt. % Cr, from 0.001 to 1.00 wt. % Mo, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities, wherein a band structure comprising a secondary phase has a thickness satisfying the relation Tb/T≦0.005 (where, Tb: average thickness of the band structure in the thickness direction of steel sheet; T: steel sheet thickness), and a manufacturing method thereof, and a manufacturing method of a high strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet or a high strength galvannealed steel sheet applying hot-dip galvanizing or further galvannealing, and giving an excellent workability, a high tensile strength, and excellent galvanizability, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for restricting the areas of contact between components to be plated or coated and liquid solutions containing plating or coating agents, without the use of masking tape. Components made of electrically conductive material are suspended underneath a hood or bell housing which is sized and shaped to receive those portions of the components that should not be plated (or coated). Then the suspended components and the hood or bell housing are fully immersed in a bath of plating (or coating) solution, forming an air pocket under the hood or bell housing. This air pocket surrounds those portions of the components which are not to be plated (or coated) and prevents the liquid solution in the bath from touching those portions. The air acts as a mask that prevents paint or metal from contacting or adhering to surfaces not to be plated (or coated).

Abstract: Described is an object having a coating on at least one of its surfaces over at least part of its area comprising IR reflecting particles which comprise at least two titanium dioxide layer applied on a flake like carrier and a suitable binder material and a method for manufacturing of such object.

Abstract: Galvannealed steel sheet and method, made by applying hot-dip galvanizing to a steel sheet, heating at a heating rate of at least about 10° C./second to a maximum sheet temperature within a range of from about 470 to 550° C., and applying an alloying treatment; the Al content XAl% in the hot-dip galvannealing layer and the coating weight W g/m2 satisfy the following equation (1); thereby producing a Zn—Fe galvannealing layer having an iron content of from about 7 to 12%; the galvannealed steel sheet has intensities of &zgr;-phase, &dgr;1-phase and &Ggr;-phase that satisfy the following equations (4) and (5) as observed through X-ray diffraction with the galvannealing layer peeled off the galvannealed steel sheet at the galvannealing/steel sheet interface, and the galvannealed steel sheet having excellent press workability, having a whiteness and a glossiness within prescribed ranges: 5≦W×(XAl−0.12)≦15  (1) I(&zgr;:1.26)/I(&dgr;1:2.13)≦0.

Abstract: A composition and process for treating metal surfaces that contain at a weight ratio from 1:5,000 to 5,000:1 of at least one metal acetylacetonate selected from the group consisting of Al(C5H7O2)3, V(C5H7O2)3, VO(C5H7O2)2, Zn(C5H7O2)2, and Zr(C5H7O2)4, and at least one compound selected from water-soluble inorganic titanium compounds and water-soluble inorganic zirconium compounds, provides a non-chromate-type composition for imparting an excellent corrosion resistance and paint adherence to the surface of metals, particularly aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys and zinc and its alloys.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an Al or Al alloy workpiece, including the steps of (a) providing an Al or Al alloy workpiece, (b) pre-treating of the outersurface of the Al or Al alloy workpiece, and (c) plating a metal layer including nickel onto the outersurface of the pre-treated Al or Al alloy workpiece. During step (c) the metal layer including nickel is deposited by electroplating both nickel and bismuth using an aqueous bath comprising a nickel-ion concentration in a range of 10 to 100 g/l and a bismuth-ion concentration in the range of 0.01 to 10 g/l. The invention further relates to an aqueous plating bath for use in the method of this invention.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy composite material includes a higher strength aluminum alloy core material layer and at least one cladding aluminum alloy material layer having a higher electrical conductivity than the core material. The cladding layer is positioned adjacent to the core and the composite is adapted for particular application in heat exchangers where brazing is conducted under controlled atmospheres with special flux materials. The core material has an electrical conductivity less than 50% IACS and the cladding layer has an electrical conductivity greater than 50% IACS. The cladding layer can be on one or both surfaces of the core layer. The thickness of the cladding layer can range between about 2.5 and 40% of the overall composite thickness depending on whether one or more cladding layers are employed. The cladding layer also has a corrosion potential more negative than the core layer for enhanced corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A process for plating metal in submicron structures. A seedlayer is deposited on surfaces of submicron structures. The seedlayer is annealed at a temperature of about 80° C. to about 130° C. Metal is plated on the seedlayer.

Abstract: A method for coating conductive metal onto a electrode comprises a step of adhering a tape onto a first side of a tooling plate, a step of shaking electrodes to be fell into respective guiding holes of the tooling plate and to be held at first ends of the electrodes, a step of pre-pressing second ends of the electrodes in the guiding holes of the tooling plate, a step of holding the tooling plate with a vacuum holder to dip the second ends of the electrodes down into a liquid conductive metal trough, a step of re-dipping the tooling plate into the liquid conductive metal trough for modifying shapes of the first ends of the electrodes, a step of baking the second ends of the electrodes, a step of adhering another tape onto a second side of the tooling plate and removing the tape at the first ends of the electrodes, a step of pre-pressing the first ends of the electrodes, a step of holding the tooling plate with the vacuum holder to dip the first ends of the electrodes into the liquid conductive metal trough, a

Abstract: A P- and Ti-added galvannealed steel sheet superior in ductility, and a process for production thereof. It is made of a cold-rolled steel sheet and has alloyed hot-dip galvanizing on the surface thereof, said cold-rolled steel sheet having the chemical composition (in terms of wt %) of C: less than 0.010%, Si: no more than 0.5%, Mn: 1.0˜3.0%, P: no more than 0.20%, S: no more than 0.01%, Al: 0.005˜0.10%, N: no more than 0.0050%, Ti/48−(C/12+N/14+S/32): 0.0003˜0.0018 with the remainder being chiefly Fe, and said cold-rolled steel sheet being characterized by &rgr;1≦107 and &rgr;2≦5×105, where &rgr;1 is the number of precipitates whose particle diameter (D) is in the range of 10 nm≦D<100 nm and &rgr;2 is the number of precipitates whose particle diameter (D) is in the range of 100 nm≦D.

Abstract: A process in which a steel is dipped in an aluminum-based bath wherein the composition and mean temperature of the bath and the immersion temperature of the steel are adjusted to obtain, in the immersion zone of the steel, a local bath temperature and composition resulting in an equilibrium with the solid phase designated as &thgr;≡FeAl3. Dipping is performed at a temperature higher than the temperatures normally employed in the art and a coating is obtained having at the interface with the steel an alloy layer significantly smaller in thickness than the art. The coating obtained better resists cracking and corrosion.