Abstract: Provided is a resin composition capable of achieving a higher plating property. The resin composition comprises relative to 100 parts by weight of a resin component comprising 30 to 100% by weight of a polycarbonate resin and 70% by weight or less of a styrene-based resin, 10 to 100 parts by weight of a glass filler and 2 to 20 parts by weight of a laser direct structuring additive, wherein the laser direct structuring additive comprises a metal oxide, a component of the largest blending amount among the metal components is tin, a component of the second largest blending amount is antimony, and in addition lead and/or copper are contained.

Abstract: A method of treating a laser-activated thermoplastic substrate having a metal compound dispersed therein is described. The substrate is contacted with an aqueous composition comprising: (i) a thiol functional organic compound; (ii) an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant; and (iii) xanthan gum. By use of the treatment composition, when the substrate is subsequently laser-activated and plated by electroless plating, extraneous plating of the substrate is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of an inner flock coating for vehicles with an indicative and/or decorative motif, which inner flock coating is made up of a support, an adhesive layer and a flock layer made up of a set of fibers adhered to the support via the adhesive layer, wherein said motif is located on a visible surface of said inner coating and wherein said motif is performed by the combination of at least two visibly different areas of the coating, a first area and a second area on which a laser beam is applied.

Abstract: An atmospheric, Laser-based Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) technique provides highly localized deposition of material to mitigate damage sites on an optical component. The same laser beam can be used to deposit material as well as for in-situ annealing of the deposited material. The net result of the LCVD process is in-filling and planarization of a treated site, which produces optically more damage resistant surfaces. Several deposition and annealing steps can be interleaved during a single cycle for more precise control on amount of deposited material as well as for increasing the damage threshold for the deposited material.

Abstract: A method for producing a nickel-containing surface coating that is metallic and conductive is provided. The method includes contacting a surface of a substrate with a liquid composition that includes nickel oxide nanoparticles, and modifying the nickel oxide nanoparticles to produce a nickel-containing metallic and conductive surface coating on the surface of the substrate. Also provided are nickel-containing (e.g., NiO and Ni containing) surface coatings and methods for making a liquid composition that includes nickel oxide nanoparticles. The methods and compositions find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: A cover member and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The cover member includes a case on at least a portion of which a material pattern is formed and a color layer formed on the material pattern provided on the case, in which a portion of the color layer is at least partially marked different from the material pattern.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide an unexpected method of manufacturing a battery electrode and a coating die for use therein, both of which are capable of providing a high speed drying and of improving a peel strength between a collector and a compound. The manufacturing process S1 of manufacturing the battery electrode 1 includes the process of coating the compound 3 containing the electrode active material 4 and the binder 5 on the sheet collector 2 and the process of drying the compound 3 to bond the collector 2 and the compound 3, wherein in the coating process, a laser light is emitted to the interface between the compound 3 and the collector 2. Due to the above structure, regardless of the drying speed, the binder 5 contained in the compound 3 is crystallized at the interface with respect to the collector 2. As a result, the high speed drying is provided and the peel strength between the collector 2 and the compound 3 is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for printing conductor tracks onto a substrate, especially for solar cells, using a laser printing process, which composition comprises 30 to 90% by weight of electrically conductive particles, 0 to 7% by weight of glass frit, 0 to 8% by weight of at least one matrix material, 0 to 8% by weight of at least one organometallic compound, 0 to 5% by weight of at least one additive and 3 to 69% by weight of solvent. The composition further comprises 0.5 to 15% by weight of nanoparticles as absorbents for laser radiation, which nanoparticles are particles of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, tungsten, nickel, tin, iron, indium tin oxide, titanium carbide or titanium nitride. The composition comprises not more than 1% by weight of elemental carbon.

Abstract: A fabrication method is provided for use in making a component. The fabrication method may include generating a laser beam at a first orientation relative to a wear surface of the component to produce a first laser beam spot having a first characteristic, and feeding a cladding material into the first laser beam spot to produce a cladding layer on the wear surface. The fabrication method may also include generating a laser beam at a second orientation relative to the wear surface of the component to produce a second laser beam spot having a second characteristic, and moving the second laser beam spot along the cladding layer to substantially flatten the cladding layer.

Abstract: A coating method for producing a function layer on mechanically loaded components or surfaces includes providing or applying a first material layer of a first material or substrate matrix having a mechanical flexibility higher than that of a second material on a substrate constituting the component or the surface, respectively, structuring the first material layer such that the material layer surface of the first material layer, which is opposite to the substrate, obtains a three-dimensionally moulded basic structure with projections and recesses, and coating the material layer surface of the first material layer with a second material layer of the second material in such a way that the second material layer adopts substantially the basic structure of the material layer surface with the projections and recesses. Also, surface layer structures can be produced by this method.

Abstract: One aspect provides a method of forming a feedthrough device for an implantable medical device. The method includes providing a bulk insulator having a longitudinal length extending between first and second end faces, and including one or more conducting elements extending therethrough between the first and second end faces, the bulk insulator having a perimeter surface along the longitudinal length, and depositing one of a metal, metal alloy, or cermet on the perimeter surface to form a ferrule directly thereon, wherein the ferrule can be joined to other components of the implantable medical device.

Abstract: High rate deposition methods comprise depositing a powder coating from a product flow. The product flow results from a chemical reaction within the flow. Some of the powder coatings consolidate under appropriate conditions into an optical coating. The substrate can have a first optical coating onto which the powder coating is placed. The resulting optical coating following consolidation can have a large index-of-refraction difference with the underlying first optical coating, high thickness and index-of-refraction uniformity across the substrate and high thickness and index-of-refraction uniformity between coatings formed on different substrates under equivalent conditions. In some embodiments, the deposition can result in a powder coating of at least about 100 nm in no more than about 30 minutes with a substrate having a surface area of at least about 25 square centimeters.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrically conductive thin film on a substrate is disclosed. Initially, a reducible metal compound and a reducing agent are dispersed in a liquid. The dispersion is then deposited on a substrate as a thin film. The thin film along with the substrate is subsequently exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic emission to chemically react with the reducible metal compound and the reducing agent such that the thin film becomes electrically conductive.

Abstract: An object holder (100) for a lithographic apparatus has a main body (400) having a surface (400a). A plurality of burls (406) to support an object are formed on the surface or in apertures of a thin-film stack (410, 440, 450). At least one of the burls is formed by laser-sintering. At least one of the burls formed by laser-sintering may be a repair of a damaged burl previously formed by laser-sintering or another method.

Abstract: A functionally graded thermal barrier coating (30) formed as a plurality of layers (34, 36 . . . 44, 46) of materials deposited by a powder deposition process wherein the composition of the various layers changes across a thickness of the coating. A composition gradient may exist within a single layer (58) due to the buoyancy of ceramic particles (62) within a melt pool (56) of bond coat material (64). The powder deposition process includes powdered flux material (20) which melts to form a protective layer of slag (28) during the deposition process.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a plasmonic cladding structure including at least one conformal plasmonic cladding structure wrapped around plural stack features of a recording device, wherein the conformal plasmonic cladding structure is configured to create a near-field transducer in close proximity to a recording head of the recording device, at least one conformal plasmonic cladding structure with substantially removed top surfaces of the stack features with exposed magnetic layer materials and a thermally insulating filler configured to be located between the stack features.

Abstract: The gas barrier property of a laminate constituted by a base material containing a resin or a rubber and an oxide glass is improved. A composite member containing an oxide glass 2 formed as a layer densely on a base material 1 containing a resin or a rubber, in which the oxide glass is bonded to the base material by irradiating the oxide glass with an electromagnetic wave and softening and fluidizing the oxide glass.

Abstract: Amorphous silicon anode electrodes and devices for a rechargeable batteries having enhanced structural stabilities are provided. An amorphous silicon anode can include an electrically conductive substrate and an electrode layer deposited onto the substrate, where the electrode layer is comprised of one or more amorphous silicon structures, and the amorphous silicon structures have at least one dimension that is less than or equal to about 500 nm.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal layer on a surface of an insulating plastic, includes attaching metal particles in a selected area of the surface of the insulating plastic, irradiating the selected area with a laser such that the selected area of the insulating plastic is fused to be mixed with the metal particles, and performing chemical plating to the selected area to form a metal layer in the selected area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound. The invention also relates to a method for producing a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound and to a method for coating substrates composed of metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass or glass-type materials with coating compositions of this type. The invention further relates to the use of a coating composition according to the invention for coating metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass and/or glass-type substrates.

Abstract: A machine, which is usable for additive manufacturing by sintering or melting of powder using an energy beam acting on a powder layer in a working zone, includes a device for producing a layer of the powder. The device includes a storage apparatus for storing the powder, a distributor for distributing the powder, a feeder for transferring the powder from the storage apparatus to the distributor, and a dose controller for controlling a quantity of the powder transferred from the storage apparatus to the distributor. The distributor travels over the working zone in order to distribute the powder in a layer having a final thickness adapted to the additive manufacturing. The storage apparatus is located above the working zone such that the feeder utilizes gravity. The feeder and the dose controller are movable with the distributor.

Abstract: A method for growing an array of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a catalyst film on the substrate, the catalyst film including carbonaceous material; (c) introducing a mixture of a carrier gas and a carbon source gas flowing across the catalyst film; (d) focusing a laser beam on the catalyst film to locally heat the catalyst to a predetermined reaction temperature; and (e) growing an array of the carbon nanotubes from the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating method using a plasma shock wave, the method including the steps of: irradiating a pulse laser to a first surface of a mixed layer obtained by mixing powders and resin to generate a plasma, the mixed layer being formed on a second surface of a substance to be coated; striking the powders on the second surface by using a shock wave of the plasma; and forming a coat of the powders on the second surface.

Abstract: Provided is a bimetallic tube for transport of hydrocarbon feedstocks in a petrochemical process unit and/or refinery process unit, including: i) an outer tube layer being formed from a steam cracker alloy including at least 18.0 wt. % Cr and at least 10.0 wt. % Ni; ii) an inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy including 5.0 to 10.0 wt. % of Al, 18.0 wt. % to 25.0 wt. % Cr, less than 0.5 wt. % Si, and at least 35.0 wt. % Fe with the balance being Ni, wherein the inner tube layer is formed plasma powder welding the alumina forming bulk alloy on the inner surface of the outer tube layer; and iii) an oxide layer formed on the surface of the inner tube layer, wherein the oxide layer is substantially comprised of alumina, chromia, silica, mullite, spinels, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of using a laser to pattern unfired, screen printed metallization on unfired (green) LTCC tape material by a subtractive process especially on the internal layers of an LTCC circuit.

Abstract: To provide a grain oriented electrical steel sheet that can securely suppress propagation of lateral strain, and can make a product even from a portion where the lateral strain occurs. A grain oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention has a linearly altered portion 14 generated in a glass coating film 12 at one of side edges of a steel sheet 11, in a continuous line or in a discontinuous broken line in a direction parallel with a rolling direction of the steel sheet, and having a composition different from a composition in other portions of the glass coating film. An average value of a deviation angle of a direction of an axis of easy magnetization of crystal grains relative to the rolling direction is 0° or more and 20° or less in a base metal iron portion of the steel sheet 11 at a position along a width direction of the steel sheet, the position corresponding to the linearly altered portion 14.

Abstract: A method for producing a chemically modified metal surface or metal alloy surface or metal oxide layer or metal alloy oxide layer on the surface of a workpiece, which surface or layer includes surface structures having dimensions in the sub-micrometer range. The method involves scanning, one or several times using a pulsed laser beam, the entire surface of the metal or metal alloy, or the metal oxide layer or metal alloy oxide layer on the metal or metal alloy, on which surface or layer the structures are to be produced and which is accessible to laser radiation. The scanning is performed in an atmosphere containing a gas or gas mixture that reacts with the surface, such that adjacent flecks of light of the laser beam adjoin each other without an interspace in between or overlap and a predetermined range of a defined relation between process parameters is satisfied.

Abstract: A method for preparing the low temperature ploy-silicon film, which includes the following steps: providing a substrate; forming an amorphous silicon layer on the substrate; forming a silicon oxide layer on the amorphous silicon layer by a plasma process; and performing a laser crystallizing process to the amorphous silicon layer. An embodiment of the present invention prepares the silicon oxide film in the low temperature ploy-silicon film by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, which improves the overall uniformity of the silicon oxide film and owns a preferred roughness surface.

Abstract: A quantum-dots containing multi-component inorganic oxide thin film is provided to include an amorphous inorganic oxide bulk region and a plurality of crystalline inorganic oxide regions, wherein the crystalline inorganic oxide regions are discontinuously formed to be surrounded by the amorphous inorganic oxide of the bulk region.

Abstract: A label paper processing method includes printing a print image on label paper with a cutting locus along a contour of a shape to be cut out, using a printer in which the label paper is fed to travel intermittently. While the printed label paper is fed to travel continuously, it is half-cut with a laser beam irradiated along the printed cutting locus, thereby forming a half-cutout in the label paper. Operations of control and adjustments of a cutting depth are reduced, and a precisely cut label sheet is obtained without cutting the supporting sheet.

Abstract: An optical element has a substrate body made from transparent plastic and a coating having multiple layers. The coating includes a hard lacquer layer adjoining the substrate. The coating has a diffusivity ensuring the absorption of water molecules passing through the coating in the substrate and the release of water molecules from the substrate through the coating from an air atmosphere on that side of the coating facing away from the substrate with a flow density which, proceeding from the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity, brings the setting of the equilibrium state of the quantity of water molecules absorbed in the substrate in an air atmosphere at 40° C. and 95% relative humidity within an interval not more than 10 h longer than for setting this equilibrium under corresponding conditions with an identical uncoated substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a bimetallic tube for transport of hydrocarbon feedstocks in refinery process furnaces, and more particularly in furnace radiant coils, including: i) an outer tube layer being formed from stainless steels including chromium in the range of 15.0 to 26.0 wt. % based on the total weight of the stainless steel; ii) an inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy including 5.0 to 10.0 wt. % of Al, 20.0 wt. % to 25.0 wt. % Cr, less than 0.4 wt. % Si, and at least 35.0 wt. % Fe with the balance being Ni, wherein the inner tube layer is formed plasma powder welding the alumina forming bulk alloy on the inner surface of the outer tube layer; and iii) an oxide layer formed on the surface of the inner tube layer, wherein the oxide layer is substantially comprised of alumina, chromia, silica, mullite, spinels, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a resistor film comprising vanadium oxide as a main component, wherein metal-to-insulator transition is indicated in the vicinity of room temperature in temperature variations of electric resistance, there is no hysteresis in a resistance change in response to temperature variations or the temperature width is small at less than 1.5K even if there is hysteresis, and highly accurate measurement can be provided when used in a bolometer. Upon producing the resistor film comprising vanadium oxide as a main component by treating a coating film of an organovanadium compound via laser irradiation or the like, a crystalline phase and a noncrystalline (amorphous) phase are caused to coexist in the resistor film.

Abstract: A method of pulsed laser processing of solid surface for enhancing surface hydrophobicity is disclosed wherein the solid surface is covered with a transparent medium during laser processing and the laser beam incidents through the covering medium and irradiates the solid surface. Two effects are obtained simultaneously. One is the laser-induced texture formation directly under the laser irradiation. The other is the deposition of the laser-removed materials along the laser scan lines. Both effects introduce surface roughness on nanometer scales, and both enhance surface hydrophobicity, rendering superhydrophobicity on the surfaces of both the laser-irradiated solid and the covering medium. Because the beam scan line spacing can be larger than a single scan line width by multiple times, this method provides a high processing speed of square inch per minute and enables large area processing.

Abstract: A method for producing particulate clusters comprises passing a core through an array of matrix-supported coating particles. Particulate clusters produced by the method may find application as catalytic particles, components of novel electronic and photonic materials and sensors, and as binding sites for protein molecules in biochips.

Abstract: A physical configuration of multiple-layer coatings formed with at least one layer of coating containing cubic born nitride (cBN) particles with one or more layers in composite form containing cBN particles may have a thickness of each individual layer as thin as in the nanometer range, or as thick as in the range of a few microns and even up to tens of microns. The chemistry of the composite layer consists of any individual phase of (a) nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN); (b) carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC); and (c) oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles. The coating or film can be stand-alone or on a substrate.

Abstract: An ultra-short pulse laser physically and/or chemically modifies a substrate surface. A laser ablation process is configured to form raised surface features on the substrate. The laser also functions as the energy source in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The laser delivers energy to the substrate with parameters such as pulse energy, size, duration, and spacing sufficient to simultaneously vaporize substrate material and cause the substrate material to react with a controlled environment that includes constituents of a desired coating composition. A battery electrode having a face with microneedle features coated with an active metal compound can be produced by the process. The active metal compound is a lithium-containing compound in a lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plasmon generator includes the steps of: an initial film made of a metal polycrystal and including a pre-plasmon-generator portion that later becomes the plasmon generator; heating the initial film with heating light so that a plurality of crystal grains constituting the metal polycrystal grow at least in the pre-plasmon-generator portion; stopping the heating of the initial film; and forming the plasmon generator by processing the initial film after the step of stopping the heating. The step of forming the plasmon generator includes the step of providing the pre-plasmon-generator portion with a front end face that generates near-field light.

Abstract: A thin film comprising a layer of dielectric material having electrically conductive inclusions, wherein the thin film has a first reflectivity due to surface plasmon resonance, and wherein the thin film is configured to provide one or more selected regions having a second reflectivity due to surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract: Using a modified CVD infusion process and femtosecond laser irradiation, the methods of the present invention demonstrate the ability to create core-shell nanoparticles of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles embedded within the bulk of an optically transparent substrate. Changes in the optical properties and changes in the structure, size, and shape of the nanoparticles were observed as a result of the methods. It was also observed that core-shell nanoparticles made using the inventive methods preferentially nucleated in the near surface region of the substrate, indicating a precursor-diffusion-dependent process for the nucleation growth of core-shell nanoparticles. With the use of optical masks and multiple precursor chemicals, the inventive methods make it possible to create nanoparticles or core-shell nanoparticles with drastically different compositions in close proximity to each other.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes providing a substrate and forming one or more grooves into an outer surface of the substrate or into a coating layer disposed on the outer surface of the substrate and forming one or more grooves into an inner surface of the substrate or into a coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the substrate, to define one or more cooling grooves on the inner surface of the substrate. The method further includes applying a structural coating over at least one of a portion of the outer surface of the substrate or a portion of the coating disposed on the outer surface of the substrate to define one or more cooling channels on the outer surface of the substrate. A component is disclosed fabricated according to the method.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the deposition of a layer of a first material onto a substrate of a second material. Powder particles of the first material are entrained into a carrier gas flow to form a powder beam directed to impinge on the substrate. This defines a powder beam footprint region at the substrate. The powder beam and the substrate are moved relative to each other to move the powder beam footprint relative to the substrate, thereby to deposit the layer of the first material. A laser is operated to cause direct, local heating of at least one of a forward substrate region and a powder beam footprint region. The laser is controlled to provide a spatial temperature distribution at the powder footprint region of the substrate in which the local temperature of the substrate is in the range 0.5Ts to less than Ts in a volume from the surface of the substrate at least up to a depth of 0.2 mm from the surface of the substrate and not more than 0.

Abstract: A process of sintering metal oxide films from formulations based on particles of metal oxides is described. The process includes: a) adding to the formulation particles or molecules an absorbing compound absorbing the electromagnetic radiation in visible and/or infrared spectrum regions; b) mixing until a homogeneous dispersion of the absorbing compound in the formulation is obtained; c) depositing the formulation in form of a film on a substrate; and d) irradiating the film with an electromagnetic radiation in the visible and/or infrared regions of the spectrum. A process for the production of photoelectrochemical cells is also described.

Abstract: Metalized plastic substrates, and methods thereof are provided herein. The method includes providing a plastic substrate having a plurality of accelerators dispersed in the plastic substrate. The accelerators have a formula selected from the group consisting of: CuFe2O4-?, Ca0.25Cu0.75TiO3-?, and TiO2-?, wherein ?, ?, ? denotes oxygen vacancies in corresponding accelerators and 0.05???0.8, 0.05???0.5, and 0.05???1.0. The method further includes removing at least a portion of a surface of the plastic substrate to expose at least a first accelerator. The method further includes plating the exposed surface of the plastic substrate to form at least a first metal layer on the at least first accelerator, and then plating the first metal layer to form at least a second metal layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide a deposition method of forming a film in a minute pattern on a deposition target substrate as well as reducing waste of material and increasing material use efficiency. Another object is to manufacture a high-definition light-emitting device at low cost by such a deposition method. Particles containing an organic compound material are dispersed over a deposition substrate having a light-absorbing layer formed over the deposition substrate and are fixed by heat treatment to form a material layer. The light-absorbing layer is irradiated with light which is transmitted through the deposition substrate, so that a material contained in the material layer is selectively deposited onto a deposition target substrate placed facing the deposition substrate. By selective formation of the light-absorbing layer, a film can be selectively deposited in a minute pattern reflecting a pattern of the light-absorbing layer onto the deposition target substrate.

Abstract: Metalized plastic substrates, and methods thereof are provided herein. The method includes providing a plastic substrate having a plurality of accelerators dispersed in the plastic substrate. The accelerators have a formula selected from the group consisting of: CuFe2O4-?, Ca0.25Cu0.75TiO3-?, and TiO2-?, wherein ?, ?, ? denotes oxygen vacancies in corresponding accelerators and 0.05???0.8, 0.05???0.5, and 0.05???1.0. The method further includes removing at least a portion of a surface of the plastic substrate to expose at least a first accelerator. The method further includes plating the exposed surface of the plastic substrate to form at least a first metal layer on the at least first accelerator, and then plating the first metal layer to form at least a second metal layer.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a basic body with at least one contact surface that has a wearing coat applied thereon. The at least one contact surface of the basic body is pretreated to realize the bond between the wearing coat and the basic body. The at least one pretreated contact surface of the basic body has a surface topography that is modified by laser irradiation and has at least one predetermined parameter. A method produces the brake disc.

Abstract: A method of annealing a thin film deposited on a substrate. According to the method, the thin film deposited on the substrate is provided. The provided thin film is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation until a predetermined crystal quality of the thin film is achieved. The spectral band of the electromagnetic radiation is selected such that the thin film is substantially absorptive to the electromagnetic radiation and the substrate is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a member with a sealing material layer has a substrate preparation step, a coating step, a firing step, and a pre-process step. In the substrate preparation step, a substrate having a frame-shaped sealing region is prepared. In the coating step, a sealing material paste is applied on the sealing region of the substrate to form a frame-shaped coating layer. In the firing step, irradiation is performed while firing laser light is scanned along the frame-shaped coating layer, to form a sealing material layer. The pre-process step is performed before the irradiation of the firing step is started. In the pre-process step, irradiation is performed at an irradiation start position for a time within 0.2 D/V to 0.5 D/V [s], where D [mm] and V [mm/s] are a beam diameter and a scanning speed of the firing laser light in the firing step respectively.

Abstract: A thin film battery has one or more current collectors with a substantially mesh configuration. The mesh current collector may include a network or web of thin strands of current collector material. The thin strands may overlap each other and/or may be arranged to define a plurality of individual cells within the mesh current collector. The strands of the mesh current collector may also be arranged to have a grid-like configuration. Additionally, in some configurations, the anode or cathode may fill the cells within the current collector layer to optimize the amount of active material within the battery.