Abstract: The formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto a masking member of a certain specified structure placed on a substrate by making use of the sedimentation of said substance.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying segmented ceramic coatings includes means for supporting and moving one or more substrates; one or more heat sources disposed proximate to one or more substrates, wherein at least one of the heat sources is positioned to apply a heat stream to pre-heat a thermal gradient zone on a surface of a substrate; a material deposition device disposed proximate to one or more heat sources, wherein the material deposition device is positioned to deposit a material on a deposition area located behind the thermal gradient zone on the surface; and means for monitoring a surface temperature of one or more substrates.

Abstract: A method of heating includes a process of forming a layer to be heated on one surface of a light absorption layer; and a process of heating the light absorption layer by irradiating light onto the other surface of the light absorption layer. The other surface of the light absorption layer is a surface opposite to the one surface of the light absorption layer.

Abstract: A method of making a conductive article includes depositing on a substrate a metal nanoparticle composition having water, silver nanoparticles dispersed in the water and a water-soluble polymer having both carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid groups. The weight percentage of silver in the composition is greater than 10%. The metal nanoparticle composition is dried. The dried metal nanoparticle composition is converted to improve the electrical conductivity of the dried metal nanoparticle composition.

Abstract: An optical disc recording medium includes a disc substrate, at least one recording layer which is disposed on one surface side of the disc substrate, a cover layer which is disposed on a laser incident surface side of the recording layer and which is composed of a light-transmissive resin layer, and a hard coat layer which is disposed for surface protection on a laser incident surface side of the cover layer and which is composed of a light-transmissive resin layer. The cover layer is formed such that its thickness decreases from the central portion to the peripheral portion of the disc, the hard coat layer is formed such that its thickness increases from the central portion to the peripheral portion, and the total thickness of the cover layer and the hard coat layer is substantially uniform from the central portion to the peripheral portion.

Abstract: A cutting tool formed by a coating layer on a substrate has cutting edges that feature serrations. The linear dimensions of the serrations may vary from a few nanometers up to 10 microns. The serrations result in a smoother cut edge on the workpiece, particularly when the workpiece is formed of certain materials that are seen as particularly difficult to cut, such as hardened steels.

Abstract: Large area graphene can be fabricated by depositing carbon and catalytic metal thin film(s) on a substrate, heating the carbon and the catalytic metal, and forming graphene on the substrate. The catalytic metal is evaporated during the heating process. The catalytic metal can be, for example, nickel, cobalt, or iron.

Abstract: The invention is a method for producing a porous coating on a glass surface, wherein an aqueous potassium silicate solution is applied to the glass surface and a porous silicate coating is formed on said glass surface. The pH of the potassium silicate solution is controlled and the formation of the silicate coating is carried out in a process atmosphere of which the relative humidity is controlled.

Abstract: An adhesive tape making equipment, includes a coating roll, a spraying member, and a plurality of transporting rolls. A first adhesive is coated on the coating roll. A second adhesive is placed in the spraying member. An adhesive force of the first adhesive is higher than an adhesive force of the second adhesive. The coating roll and the spraying member are located between the plurality of transporting rolls. A method of making the adhesive tape is further provided.

Abstract: An high mobility structured organic film comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: A conductive metal composition comprising 40 to 88 wt % of silver particles having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 100 nm and having an aspect ratio of 3 to 1:1, 2 to 20 wt % of a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) resin having a weight-average molar mass of 50,000 to 500,000 and 10 to 58 wt % of a solvent for the poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) resin.

Abstract: Various methods are disclosed for coating or treating a substrate to enhance resistance of the substrate to at least one of cavitation and liquid impingement. One specific method may involve providing an amorphous metal composition which is able to be atomized. The amorphous metal composition may be applied as an atomized spray to a surface of the substrate via a high velocity spray operation to coat the surface. The coated surface may have at least one of a Vickers hardness number of at least about 1100 HVN, or a yield strength of at least about 700 MPa, or a thermal stability between about 600° C. and about 700° C., and is highly resistant to the effects of cavitation and/or liquid impingement.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of a dielectric film on a substrate are provided. In some embodiments, the dielectric film is a carbon-doped oxide (CDO). The methods involve the use of modulated ultraviolet radiation to increase the mechanical strength while limiting shrinkage and limiting any increases in the dielectric constant of the film. Methods improve film hardness, modulus and cohesive strength, which provide better integration capability and improved performance in the subsequent device fabrication procedures such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and packaging.

Abstract: By first fluxing a steel long product with novel specific flux compositions, it is possible to continuously produce, more uniform, smoother and void-free galvanized coatings on such steel long products in a single hot dip galvanization step making use of zinc-aluminum alloys or zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloys with less than 95 wt. % zinc. This is achieved by providing specific amounts of lead chloride and tin chloride in a flux composition comprising (a) more than 40 and less than 70 weight % zinc chloride, (b) from 10 to 30 weight % ammonium chloride, (c) more than 6 and less than 30 weight % of a set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorides.

Abstract: By first fluxing a steel long product with novel specific flux compositions, it is possible to continuously produce, more uniform, smoother and void-free galvanized coatings on such steel long products in a single hot dip galvanization step making use of zinc-aluminum alloys or zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloys with less than 95 wt. % zinc. This is achieved by providing potassium and sodium chlorides in a KCl/NaCl weight ratio of at least 2.0 in a flux composition comprising (a) more than 40 and less than 70 weight % zinc chloride, (b) from 10 to 30 weight % ammonium chloride, (c) more than 6 and less than 30 weight % of a set of at least two alkali metal chlorides.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to apparatuses and methods involving nanowires having junctions therebetween. As consistent with one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes first and second sets of nanowires, in which the second set overlaps the first set. The apparatus further includes a plurality of nanowire joining recrystallization junctions, each junction including material from a nanowire of the first set that is recrystallized into an overlapping nanowire of the second set.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for coating a static or moving metal substrate with a simple or complex shape, by means of an ultra-thin mineral/organic hybrid coating layer with a thickness comprised between 50 to 500 nm, deposited on the substrate: from an aqueous solution comprising oxide nanoparticles, under basic pH conditions, said substrate being at a temperature lower than 50° C., the total deposition and drying duration being less than 10 seconds, wherein the aqueous solution further comprises at least one pre-polymer.

Abstract: A method that includes applying a color enhancing composition to a substrate and drying the color enhancing composition, where the color enhancing composition includes a carrier fluid; chromatically selective scattering particles having a particle size distribution as measured by (weight average diameter)/(number average diameter) of less than or equal to 1.1; and an absorber of visible light.

Abstract: A device for forming a roll-to-roll pattern includes: a plurality of rollers, that are separated from each other, for transferring a substrate in one direction; a pattern former provided on the substrate between neighboring rollers from among the plurality of rollers, and forming a pattern on the substrate; an absorber facing the pattern former with the substrate therebetween, and absorbing the substrate; a light irradiator neighboring the pattern former and irradiating light to the pattern; and a controller for controlling the roller, the pattern former, the absorber, and the light irradiator so that the pattern may be formed on the substrate and light may be irradiated to the pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods for ALD thin film deposition include a mechanism for removing excess non-chemisorbed precursors from the surface of a substrate in a translation-based process involving multiple separate precursor zones. Excess precursor removal mechanisms according to the present disclosure may introduce localized high temperature conditions, high energy conditions, or azeotropes of the excess precursor, to liberate the excess precursor before it reaches a separate precursor zone, thereby inhibiting CVD deposition from occurring without causing heat-induced degradation of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of selective metallization, and in particular to preparing a polymer article for selective metallization by submerging the article in a first liquid, and while submerged irradiate the article by a laser beam the area of the article on which the metal is to be deposited. An activation step, prior to the selective metallization, comprises submerging the article in an activation liquid for depositing seed particles in the selected area. The irradiation of the selected area is proportionate so as to cause a temporary melting of the polymer in the surface of the selected area of the polymer article. The invention is advantageous in that the preparation may be performed with a relatively high scan rate across the polymer article, and in that a quite limited use of toxic chemicals.

Abstract: A method for restoring a silver oxide-containing hydrophilic coating includes heating the coating to a temperature between about 260° C. and about 540° C. and maintaining the coating at a temperature between about 260° C. and about 540° C. in an environment containing oxygen and ozone for less than 24 hours.

Abstract: The method of laser surface treating pre-prepared zirconia surfaces provides for applying an organic resin in a thin, uniform film to a zirconia surface; maintaining the resin-coated zirconia surface in a controlled chamber at approximately 8 bar pressure at a temperature of approximately 175 degrees Centigrade for approximately 2 hours; heating the resin-coated zirconia surface to approximately 400 degrees Centigrade in an inert gas atmosphere, thereby converting the organic resin to carbon; and irradiating the carbon-coated zirconia surface with a laser beam while applying nitrogen under pressure, thereby forming a zirconium carbonitride coating.

Abstract: An infrared energy oxidizing and/or curing process includes an infrared oxidation zone having an infrared energy source operable to emit infrared energy that oxidizes a conductive thin film deposited or established on a glass substrate to establish a light transmissive or transparent conductive thin film for manufacturing of a touch panel. Optionally, the infrared energy curing process provides an in-line infrared energy curing process that oxidizes the conductive thin film on the glass substrate as the glass substrate is moved past the infrared energy source. Optionally, the infrared energy curing process bonds a thick film silver frit electrode pattern to the conductively coated glass substrate. Optionally, the infrared energy curing process reduces the transparent conductive thin film.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for fabricating a metallic nanoparticle-polymer composite film having a metallic nanoparticle interlayer of uniform depth. The uncured polymer resin may be mixed with a metal dopant and cast as a film. The film may then be dried and exposed to uniform illumination having a wavelength from about 490 nm to about 570 nm. The dried and illuminated film may then be heat cured to produce the composite. In addition, a system for uniformly illuminating a composite film is also disclosed. The system may include a flat support on which the film may be placed. A second flat support may be placed above the film. The second support may incorporate a uniform thin layer of light-emitting material on the support side not contacting the film. The system may further comprise a source of illumination at an excitation wavelength capable of causing the light-emitting material to illuminate the film.

Abstract: A solventless system for fabricating electrodes includes a mechanism for feeding a substrate through the system, a first application region comprised of a first device for applying a first layer to the substrate, wherein the first layer is comprised of an active material mixture and a binder, and the binder includes at least one of a thermoplastic material and a thermoset material, and the system includes a first heater positioned to heat the first layer.

Abstract: A process for forming a coating layer on a substrate comprising: depositing a thin film of a concentrated aqueous nano titania sol onto at least a portion of the substrate; exposing at least a portion of the deposited film to a sufficient amount of ultraviolet radiation in order to gel the film of aqueous sol; and drying at least a portion of the gelled portion, thereby forming the coating layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method is disclosed for manufacturing a display device. A film material layer is formed on a support substrate. A first heating process for the film material layer at a first temperature to form a film layer and a second heating process for a second region surrounding a first region at a second temperature higher than the first temperature are performed. The first region is provided in a central part of the film layer. A display layer is formed in the first region and a peripheral circuit section is formed at least in a part of the second region. A third heating process is performed for at least a part of the film layer at a third temperature higher than the second temperature. In addition, the film layer is peeled off from the support substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an alignment layer for a liquid crystal display device includes forming an alignment material layer on a substrate by coating an alignment material, irradiating UV rays onto the alignment material layer and pre-baking the alignment material layer; and post-baking the alignment material layer.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for obtaining a material comprising a substrate and at least one at least partially crystalline titanium-oxide-based thin film deposited on a first side of said substrate, said process comprising the following steps: said at least one titanium-oxide-based thin film is deposited; said at least one titanium-oxide-based thin film is subjected to a crystallization treatment, supplying energy capable of raising each point of said at least one titanium-oxide-based thin film to a temperature of at least 300° C. while maintaining a temperature not exceeding 150° C.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable ink composition includes (component A) monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers, (component B) a polyfunctional oligomer having a glass transition temperature of 20° C. or lower and an acrylate value of 300 g/value or more, and (component C) a bifunctional radically polymerizable monomer having a viscosity at 25° C. of 15 mPa·s or less, wherein the component A includes an N-vinyl compound and a compound represented by the following formula (I), the content of the N-vinyl compound with respect to the total amount of the ink composition is from 10 to 50% by mass, and the content of the component A with respect to the total amount of the ink composition is 70% by mass or more.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sheet or a fabric with crystalline TiO2 nano-particles includes providing a polymer material as a support, and then synthesizing the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles with immobilizing them on a surface of the support, followed by forming the fabric or the sheet. The fabric is a textile or a nonwoven fabric. A type of the support is a fiber or a sheet type. The synthesizing of the crystalline TiO2 nano-particles is performed by occurring a sol-gel reaction under a microwave irradiation, wherein a TiO2 precursor, water, an alcohol, and an ionic liquid applied in the sol-gel reaction during the synthesizing.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method of making a metal oxide film with a sufficiently high degree of crystal orientation, without difficulties, at low cost, and with little damage to a base material and the metal oxide film, and to provide laminates and electronic devices using the same. A method includes a step of forming a metal film having a (111) plane, on a base material; a step of forming a metal oxide film on the (111) plane of the metal film; and a step of maintaining a temperature of the metal oxide film formed on the (111) plane of the metal film, at 25-600° C. and irradiating the metal oxide film with UV light.

Abstract: A method for producing a nonaqueous secondary battery electrode of the present invention includes: a coating formation step of applying an electrode mixture layer-forming composition containing an active material and a solvent onto a current collector so as to form a coating of the composition; an introducing step of introducing the current collector with the coating in a drying oven; and a drying step of drying the coating by irradiating the coating in the drying oven with near-infrared electromagnetic waves having a peak of a wavelength distribution in a range of 1 to 5 ?m so as to form an electrode mixture layer. In the drying step, a temperature of the coating is set higher than a temperature in the drying oven by a range of 65° C. to 115° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a component includes a step of providing at least one metallic element. A surface of the at least one metallic element is modified to facilitate a bonding of the at least one metallic element to a polymeric layer. The polymeric layer is then bonded to the at least one metallic element to form the component.

Abstract: Methods for making a substrate comprising structured organic film nano- to micro-features are disclosed. The methods for forming SOF micro-features may include: providing a substrate; discharging at least one droplet toward the substrate by an ink jet method, the at least one droplet including a plurality of molecular building blocks each comprising a segment and a number of functional groups; depositing the at least one droplet on the substrate; promoting a change in the deposited at least one droplet and forming at least one dry structured organic film (SOF) on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit creation technology that improves conductive line manufacture by adding active and elemental palladium onto the surface of a substrate. The palladium is disposed in minute amounts on the surface and does not form a conductive layer by itself, but facilitates subsequent deposition of a metal onto the surface, according to the pattern of the palladium, to form the conductive lines.

Abstract: Method of delivering compositions to organic substrates, particularly lumber. Method involves heating a target zone of the substrate and then applying the composition to the surface of the substrate wherein the temperature of the composition is lower than that of the target zone of the substrate. Compositions include biocidal, strength modifiers, waterproofing and polymers.

Abstract: A method for curing a paint coating applied to a workpiece includes applying radiant light energy to cure the paint coating on surfaces of the workpiece within a line of sight of a radiant light energy source, and applying ambient air to the workpiece to cure the paint coating on surfaces of the workpiece not within the line of sight of the radiant light energy source.

Abstract: A photoelectrochemical method on metal preservation is disclosed that includes applying a coating on metal surface and curing the coating. The coating includes: A) the film-forming component; and B) the surface modified nanometer titanium dioxide, which consists of nanometer titanium dioxide particle as substrate and the nonionic surfactant covered on the substrate surface. The diameter of the nanometer titanium dioxide substrate is 1-100 nm. The hydrophile-lipophile balance value of the nonionic surfactant is 1-10 and is contained of 1-20 wt % based on the weight of nanometer titanium dioxide substrate. The content of the surface modified nanometer titanium dioxide is 0.1-10 wt % based on the total weight of the coating. The photoelectrochemical method on metal preservation through this disclosure is low cost and high efficient and obviously reduce the corrosion speed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of inducing grapheme by low-frequency electromagnetic wave, which includes the following steps: (A) providing a substrate; (B) optionally forming a metal layer on the substrate; (C) providing a carbon source to form a carbon-containing layer locating on the metal layer; and (D) performing a treatment of the carbon-containing layer formed on the metal layer by using low-frequency electromagnetic wave, wherein the low-frequency electromagnetic wave is provided by microwave device. The electromagnetic energy from the microwave field device is converted to thermal energy by microwave absorber (for example, SiC) as a media to directly heat the carbon-containing layer, so that carbon atoms get kinetic energy to form grapheme layers on the surface of the metal layer and between the metal layer and the substrate.

Abstract: A method of using heat-resistant hollow sphere polymers having at least on crosslinked polymer stage, and having a core stage that has been swollen with a volatile base, in applications in which the hollow sphere polymer is exposed to temperatures of from 100° C. to 350° C., is provided. Articles made by the method are also provided.

Abstract: A method of improving conductivity of a metal pattern (18) includes providing a developed silver pattern (14) formed from a photographic silver salt provided in a binder coated on a substrate (12); and selectively heating the silver pattern with electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An electrode manufacturing method includes: a coating process of applying a coating material to a metal foil while the metal foil is fed forward to form a coated foil; and a drying process of drying the coated foil by heating while the coated foil is fed forward to pass through a drying oven of a drying machine placed in line on a feeding path. The drying oven includes at least a first drying chamber which the coated foil first passes through in the drying process and a second drying chamber which the coated foil passes through following the first drying chamber. The first drying chamber has a smaller area in cross section perpendicular to the feed direction along the feeding path than an area of the second drying chamber to provide a smaller volume than a volume of the second drying chamber.

Abstract: A method for processing solar cells comprising: providing a vertical furnace to receive an array of mutually spaced circular semiconductor wafers for integrated circuit processing; composing a process chamber loading configuration for solar cell substrates, wherein a size of the solar cell substrates that extends along a first surface to be processed is smaller than a corresponding size of the circular semiconductor wafers, such that multiple arrays of mutually spaced solar cell substrates can be accommodated in the process chamber, loading the solar cell substrates into the process chamber; subjecting the solar cell substrates to a process in the process chamber.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming an electronic device package, which includes providing a carrier substrate having an upper surface and an opposite lower surface; forming a cavity from the upper surface of the carrier substrate; disposing an electronic device having a conducting electrode in the cavity; forming a filling layer in the cavity, wherein the filling layer surround the electronic device; thinning the carrier substrate from the lower surface to a predetermined thickness; forming at least a through-hole in the electronic device or the in the carrier substrate; and forming a conducting layer over a sidewall of the through-hole, wherein the conducting layer electrically connects to the conducting electrode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of modifying a surface of a membrane includes exposing the surface to an impinging atmospheric pressure plasma source to produce an activated surface, and exposing the activated surface to a solution including a vinyl monomer. In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a desalination membrane includes treating a surface of the membrane with an impinging atmospheric plasma source for an optimal period of time and rf power, and exposing the surface to an aqueous solution containing a vinyl monomer. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a membrane having a surface, and polymer chains terminally grafted onto the surface of the membrane.

Abstract: A structured organic film with an added functionality comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: There is provided an underlayer coating that is used as an underlayer of photoresists in lithography process of the manufacture of semiconductor devices and that has a high dry etching rate in comparison to the photoresists, does not intermix with the photoresists, and is capable of flattening the surface of a semiconductor substrate having holes of a high aspect ratio; and an underlayer coating forming composition for forming the underlayer coating. The underlayer coating forming composition for forming by light irradiation an underlayer coating used as an underlayer of a photoresist in a lithography process of the manufacture of semiconductor devices, comprises a polymerizable substance and a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: Certain patternable reflective films are used as masks to make other patterned articles, and one or more initial masks can be used to pattern the patternable reflective films. An exemplary patternable reflective film has an absorption characteristic suitable to, upon exposure to a radiant beam, absorptively heat a portion of the film by an amount sufficient to change a first reflective characteristic to a different second reflective characteristic. The change from the first to the second reflective characteristic is attributable to a change in birefringence of one or more layers or materials of the patternable film. In a related article, a mask is attached to such a patternable reflective film. The mask may have opaque portions and light-transmissive portions. Further, the mask may have light-transmissive portions with structures such as focusing elements and/or prismatic elements.