Abstract: The present invention relates to a cutting tool having a base body and a multilayered coating applied thereto, wherein at least two layers of the multilayered coating arranged one on top of the other contain, or consist of, metal oxide of the same metal or of different metals. In order to create cutting tools which are better than those of the prior art, it is proposed according to the invention that the at least two metal oxide layers arranged one on top of the other be produced successively by different PVD-processes, selected from i) reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS), ii) arc vapour deposition (arc-PVD), iii) ion plating, iv) electron beam vapour deposition and v) laser deposition, wherein modifications of the respective processes i) to v) do not constitute different PVD-processes.

Abstract: Evaporation and condensation of carbon is effected by arc discharge between an anode formed of a carbon electrode and a cathode disposed facing the carbon electrode 2 in an inert gas atmosphere, and at the same time, the generated carbon nanotubes are dispersed into an inert gas and transported along with the inert gas through a transporting tube, and a jet of the inert gas containing the carbon nanotubes is emitted from a nozzle, thereby forming carbon nanotubes on a target substrate. This provides a carbon nanotube manufacturing method wherein carbon nanotubes are generated with a simple process, and the CNT patterning process is simplified by forming a carbon nanotube film on a substrate, thereby reducing costs.

Abstract: A layer of high aspect ratio nanoparticles is disposed on a surface of a substrate under the influence of an electrical field applied on the substrate. To create the electrical field, a voltage is applied between a pair of electrodes arranged near the substrate or on the substrate, and the high aspect ratio nanoparticles disposed on the substrate are at least partially aligned along direction(s) of the applied electrical field. The high aspect ratio nanoparticles are grown from catalyst nanoparticles in an aerosol, and the aerosol is directly used for forming the nanoparticle layer on the substrate at room temperature. The nanoparticles may be carbon nanotubes, in particular single wall carbon nanotubes. The substrate with the layer of aligned high aspect ratio nanoparticles disposed thereon can be used for fabricating nanoelectronic devices.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording medium includes two or more magnetic recording layers stacked on a nonmagnetic substrate, and a carbon-based protective layer formed on the two or more magnetic recording layers, in which an uppermost one of the two or more magnetic recording layers has hardness higher than that of a lower magnetic recording layer.

Abstract: A track shoe for a track-type vehicle. The track shoe includes a base plate and a grouser projecting away from the base plate. A capping surface structure of substantially horseshoe shaped cross-section is disposed across a distal portion of the grouser. The capping surface structure covers portions of a distal edge surface and adjacent lateral surfaces. The capping surface structure is formed from an material characterized by enhanced wear resistance relative to portions of the grouser underlying the capping surface structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetoresistive (MR) effective element having a pair of magnetic layers and a nonmagnetic intermediate layer including a ZnO film, wherein a relative angle of magnetization directions of the pair of magnetic layers varies according to an external magnetic field. The method includes a step for introducing a mix gas of oxygen gas and argon gas into a depressurized chamber, wherein a first target of ZnO, a second target of Zn and a substrate having a right-below layer are disposed in the chamber, and a step for depositing the ZnO film on the right-below layer by applying each of a first and second direct current (DC) application power to spaces between the first and second targets and the substrate respectively after the mix gas introducing step, wherein the first and second targets are set at negative potential, and the substrate is set at positive potential.

Abstract: An article comprising an article having a first surface and a second surface adapted to come into contact with the first surface and a first protective coating on at least a portion of the first surface. The first protective coating comprises a first coating layer. The first coating layer comprises a first component comprising boron, titanium or chromium and a second component comprising nitrogen or carbon. At least a portion of the first protective coating comes into contact with the second surface when the second surface comes into contact with the first surface. A method for reducing the wear and galling of a first surface of an article comprising applying a coating to the first surface of the article.

Abstract: A defect generated at a portion to be treated of a machine component is removed, a porous deposition is formed by employing a molded electrode composed of a molded body or such molded from powder of a metal or such and generating a pulsing electric discharge between a removed portion from which the defect in the machine component is removed and the molded electrode so that a material of the molded electrode or such is deposited or so at the removed portion of the machine component by energy of the electric discharge and finish machining to required dimension is carried out so as to make a thickness of the deposition to be a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A pulsed discharge is generated between tip ends of a rotating member such as a blade and a discharge electrode including a hard material such as cBN in dielectric liquid or gas by a power supply for discharge to melt the discharge electrode, and a part of the discharge electrode is attached to the tip end of the rotating member to form an abrasive coating film including the hard materials such as cBN.

Abstract: A metal separator 1 for a fuel cell according to the invention is a metal separator for a fuel cell manufactured by using a metal substrate 2 with a flat surface, or with concave gas flow paths formed on at least a part of the surface. The metal separator 1 includes an acid-resistant metal film 3 formed over the surface of the metal substrate 2, and containing one or more kinds of non-noble metals selected from the group comprised of Zr, Nb, and Ta, and a conductive alloy film 4 formed over the acid-resistant metal film 3, and containing one or more kinds of noble metals selected from the group comprised of Au and Pt, and one or more kinds of non-noble metals selected from the group comprised of Zr, Nb, and Ta. A method for manufacturing the metal separator for a fuel cell according to the invention includes a step S1 of depositing an acid-resistant metal film, and a step S2 of depositing a conductive alloy film.

Abstract: A deposition is gradually formed by molding a product main body, removing a defect periphery including a defect generated on a surface to be treated of the product main body by molding so that a recess portion is formed on the surface to be treated of the product main body, employing a molded electrode composed of a molded body molded from a powder of a metal or the molded body processed with a heat treatment, and generating a pulsing electric discharge between the recess portion periphery including the recess portion and the molded electrode in an electrically insulating liquid or gas so that a material of the molded electrode or a reaction substance of the material carries out deposition and such at the recess portion periphery by energy of the electric discharge.

Abstract: A method for use in a coating process includes depositing a ceramic coating on a bond coat that is disposed on a substrate. Prior to depositing the ceramic coating, a desired surface roughness Rz is established to control a bonding strength between the bond coat and the ceramic coating.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a one-dimensional nano-structure-based device includes the steps of preparing a solution (14) containing one-dimensional nano-structures (18); providing a plurality of electrical conductors (42), each of the electrical conductors having a first tip (421) to be treated; providing a fixing device (44) having a second tip (441); connecting at least one of the one-dimensional nano-structures with one of the electrical conductors; and repeating the connecting step to another one of the first tips to be treated. Therein, the connecting step further includes the steps of, in part: applying at least a drop of the solution to the first and second tips thereby the first and second tips being interconnected by the solution; applying a voltage between the first and second tips thereby at least one one-dimensional nano-structures being interconnected therewith; and separating the second tip from the first tip.

Abstract: A polymer microstructure with a tilted micropillar array and a method of fabricating the same. The tilted micropillar array is formed by adjusting the incident angle of the ion beam for the ion beam treatment using a PECVD method with low energy consumption. The tilt angle of the micropillars is adjusted to a desired angle by adjusting at least one of the incident angle, the irradiation time, and the magnitude of acceleration voltage of the ion beam for the ion beam treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a surface coating film having a high degree of hardness and an excellent oxidation-resistance, and a method of manufacturing thereof, a cutting tool and a cutting machine. In the surface coating film, an oxidation-resistance layer containing, as a main component, a complex oxide of Li and at least Al, is coated on the outer surface of a base material, direct thereonto or through the intermediary of a highly hard coating layer.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrical-discharge surface-treatment method is molded with a metallic powder or a metallic compound powder having an average grain diameter of 6 micrometers to 10 micrometers. A coat on a surface of a workpiece is formed with a material constituting the electrode or a substance that is generated by a reaction of the material due to a pulse-like electrical discharge. The coat is built up with a material containing metal as a main constituent under conditions of a width of a current pulse for the pulse-like electrical discharge in a range of 50 microseconds to 500 microseconds and a peak of the current pulse equal to or less than 30 amperes.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for localized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for localized growing for example for carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanowires, and oxidation using a heated tip or an array of heated tips to locally heat the area of interest. As the tips moved, material such as CNTs grows in the direction of movement. The Scanning Probe Growth (SPG) or nanoCVD technique has similarities to the CVD growth; however it allows for controlled synthesis and direction and eliminates the need for masks.

Abstract: A magnetic roll for embossing, the magnetic roll incorporating a cylindrical core having a base radial dimension, the base radial dimension being less than a finished radial dimension; magnet receiving channels within the cylindrical core; a multiplicity of magnets attached within the magnet receiving channels; at least a first armature effect resisting metal band, the band adhering to the cylindrical core's first circumferential surface, the band overlying a plurality of the magnets, and the band consisting of a deposition of metal sprayed molten metal droplets; and an outer surface, the outer surface being a radially outer periphery of the at least first armature effect resisting metal band, the outer surface being ground to reside at a finished radial dimension.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a substrate, a polar molecular layer pattern and a nonpolar molecular layer pattern, which are disposed on the substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode, which are disposed on the substrate, and one or more channels disposed on the polar molecular layer pattern and including linear nanostructures. The one or more channels facilitate to electrically couple the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon film forming method capable of forming a dense carbon film with high hardness. The carbon film forming method includes: introducing a raw material gas G including carbon into a deposition chamber 101 whose internal pressure is reduced; ionizing the raw material gas G using a discharge between a filament-shaped cathode electrode 104 heated by electrical power and an anode electrode 105 provided around the cathode electrode; and accelerating and radiating the ionized gas to the surface of a substrate D. A magnetic field is applied by a permanent magnet 109 to increase the ion density of the ionized gas accelerated and radiated to the surface of the substrate D. In this way, it is possible to form a carbon film with high hardness and high density on the surface of the substrate D.

Abstract: The present invention relates to blanks for workpieces composed of a base body, which comprises at least one refractory metal and an oxidation protection layer composed of at least one metal layer, and also processes for producing them.

Abstract: An engraved plate which includes a substrate and an insulating layer on a surface of the substrate wherein a concave portion which increases in width toward an opening and to which the substrate is exposed is formed at the insulating layer, and an engraved plate, a substrate with conductor layer pattern manufactured by a transferring method using the engraved plate, and a conductor layer pattern are provided.

Abstract: A method of producing at least one of microscopic and submicroscopic particles includes providing a template that has a plurality of discrete surface portions, each discrete surface portion having a surface geometry selected to impart a desired geometrical property to a particle while being produced; depositing a constituent material of the at least one of microscopic and submicroscopic particles being produced onto the plurality of discrete surface portions of the template to form at least portions of the particles; separating the at least one of microscopic and submicroscopic particles comprising the constituent material from the template into a fluid material, the particles being separate from each other at respective discrete surface portions of the template; and processing the template for subsequent use in producing additional at least one of microscopic and submicroscopic particles.

Abstract: A multilayer hard coating for tools for machining applications with a multilayer structure for improving the wear resistance of workpieces includes at least one (AlyCr1-y)X layer (0.2?y?0.7), wherein X is one of the following elements N, C, B, CN, BN, CBN, NO, CO, BO, CNO, BNO, CBNO, but preferably N or CN, and/or a (TizSi1-z) layer (0.99?z?0.7). The hard coating also includes at least one layer stack with one (AlCrTiSi) X mixed layer, followed by another (TizSi1-z)X layer, followed by another (AlCrTiSi) X mixed layer, followed by another (AlyCr1-y)X layer.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness of greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The metal strip and the powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from two to seven additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved low-cost metallic coating to be deposited on gas turbine engine components. The metallic coating consists of 1.0 to 18 wt % cobalt, 3.0 to 18 wt % chromium, 5.0 to 15 wt % aluminum, 0.01 to wt % yttrium, 0.01 to 0.6 wt % hafnium, 0.0 to 0.3 wt % silicon, 0.0 to 1.0 wt % zirconium, 0.0 to 10 wt % tantalum, 0.0 to 9.0 wt % tungsten, 0.0 to 10 wt % molybdenum, 0.0 to 43.0 wt % platinum, and the balance nickel.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprising (1) a substrate, (2) an interlayer comprising hexagonal columns and (3) a magnetic layer, wherein the magnetic layer is deposited applying a bias voltage to the substrate such that the magnetic layer comprises magnetic grains having substantially no sub-grains within the magnetic layer, and the magnetic layer has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

Abstract: A plasma coating system includes at least one coating station with a first side and a second side defining a pathway with at least one bend. The coating station also includes a first plasma arc that provides a plasma jet directed towards a substrate. The first plasma arc is positioned on either the first side or the second side of the bend.

Abstract: The present invention essentially relates to a method of preparing an electrically insulating film at the surface of an electrical conductor or semiconductor substrate, such as a silicon substrate. According to the invention, this method comprises: a) bringing said surface into contact with a liquid solution comprising: a protic solvent; at least one diazonium salt; at least one monomer that is chain-polymerizable and soluble in said protic solvent; at least one acid in a sufficient quantity to stabilize said diazonium salt by adjusting the pH of said solution to a value less than 7, preferably less than 2.5; b) the polarization of said surface according to a potentio- or galvano-pulsed mode for a duration sufficient to form a film having a thickness of at least 60 nanometres, and preferably between 80 and 500 nanometres. Application: Metallization of through-vias, especially of 3D integrated circuits.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrical-discharge surface-treatment method is molded with a metallic powder or a metallic compound powder having an average grain diameter of 6 micrometers to 10 micrometers. A coat on a surface of a workpiece is formed with a material constituting the electrode or a substance that is generated by a reaction of the material due to a pulse-like electrical discharge. The coat is built up with a material containing metal as a main constituent under conditions of a width of a current pulse for the pulse-like electrical discharge in a range of 50 microseconds to 500 microseconds and a peak of the current pulse equal to or less than 30 amperes.

Abstract: A surface-modified plastic film, comprising: a surface layer composed of minute filamentous forms and/or granular forms consisting of a composition containing a resin and/or inorganic microparticles, on at least one major surface of a substrate plastic film. Preferably, the surface-modified plastic film is characterized in that the minute filamentous forms have a diameter of 100 ?m to 1 nm.

Abstract: A moving bed reactor system is provided. The system comprises at least one gas inlet, a distributor, a temperature control, a plurality of electrodes, and a spark control circuit. The spark control circuit drives the electrodes and generates a multi-arc discharge when the system is loaded with particles and a gas at approximately atmospheric pressure or greater is being pumped through the system. The multi-arc discharge is useful to create activated species which may improve the rate of a chemical reaction taking place in the moving bed reactor system.

Abstract: A method in one approach includes forming a first layer of a nonmagnetic material over two sides of a structure, the first layer being substantially absent from above a top of the structure; depositing an overlayer of an etchable, nonmagnetic material over the first layer and the top of the structure; and etching the overlayer for substantially removing the overlayer from above the top of the structure, wherein a substantial portion of the overlayer remains along the two sides of the structure after the etching. Additional systems and methods are also presented.

Abstract: A process for coating a part comprises the steps of providing a chamber which is electrically connected as an anode, placing the part to be coated in the chamber, providing a cathode formed from a coating material to be deposited and platinum, and applying a current to the anode and the cathode to deposit the coating material and the platinum on the part.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing electrodes for electrolysis, including the steps of forming an arc ion plating undercoating layer comprising valve metal or valve metal alloy including a crystalline tantalum component and a crystalline titanium component on the surface of the electrode substrate comprising valve metal or valve metal alloy, by an arc ion plating method; heat sintering the electrode substrate to transform only the tantalum component of the arc ion plating undercoating layer into an amorphous substance; and forming an electrode catalyst layer on the surface of the arc ion plating undercoating layer including the valve metal or valve metal alloy including the tantalum component transformed to the amorphous substance and the crystalline titanium component.

Abstract: This invention provides photoablation—based processing techniques and materials strategies for making, assembling and integrating patterns of materials for the fabrication of electronic, optical and opto-electronic devices. Processing techniques of the present invention enable high resolution and/or large area patterning and integration of porous and/or nano- or micro-structured materials comprising active or passive components of a range of electronic devices, including integrated circuits (IC), microelectronic and macroelectronic systems, microfluidic devices, biomedical devices, sensing devices and device arrays, and nano- and microelectromechanical systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing friction surfaces or friction layers in a carbon-ceramic brake disk for motor vehicles in which the friction surfaces or friction layers in the finished state are treated by a thermal coating method. The invention likewise relates to the corresponding friction surfaces or friction layers of a carbon-ceramic brake disk for motor vehicles which are produced according to such as process.

Abstract: A cutting tool insert, particularly useful for machining of cast iron, comprising a body of a hard alloy of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride based material or high speed steel a hard and wear resistant coating; and at least (Al,Cr)2O3 layer applied to said body is disclosed. Methods of making a cutting tool insert are also disclosed. In addition, methods for machining of cast iron using the cutting tool inserts are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a dense coating on a limited region of a subject body is disclosed. The method is composed of the steps of: applying one selected from the group of a compressed body of a powder of a metal and a sintered compressed body of a powder of a metal to a working electrode; executing discharge deposition to deposit a first coating from the working electrode on the subject body by applying the subject body as a workpiece of the discharge deposition; executing discharge deposition to deposit a second coating from the working electrode on the first coating by applying the subject body as a workpiece of the discharge deposition; and heating the subject body in one selected from the group of a vacuum, an air and an oxidizing atmosphere so as to densify the second coating or oxidizing the second coating at least in part to generate a solid lubricant substance.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a hydrogen permeation barrier comprises the steps of a) depositing on a substrate (SUB) a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer (L1,L2,L3); characterized in that step a) comprises the step of b) depositing at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide. The apparatus comprises a sealable volume and a wall forming at least a portion of a boundary limiting said volume, wherein said wall comprises a hydrogen permeation barrier comprising a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer, wherein said layer system comprises at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide. Preferably, said at least ternary oxide is substantially composed of Al, Cr and O, and said depositing said at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) is carried out using a physical vapor deposition method, in particular a cathodic arc evaporation method.

Abstract: A method for coating a metal component of a gas turbine engine, the method comprising forming a cathode ingot for a cathodic arc deposition process, and performing a cathodic arc deposition process on the metal component with the cathode ingot to form a bond coat, where the formed cathode ingot comprises an MCrAlY alloy base portion and a platinum-modified aluminide outer coating disposed over the base portion.

Abstract: A vacuum coating unit includes a reactive gas inlet, at least one PVD coating source with a laminar cathode and a substrate carrier containing a multiplicity of substrates. The substrate carrier forms a two dimensional horizontal extent, and the carrier is between at least two PVD coating sources. The substrates are cutting tools with at least one cutting edge in their peripheral margin region, which are distributed in a plane of the two dimensional extent of the substrate carrier. The substrate carrier is in a horizontal plane in the vacuum process chamber spaced between the laminar cathodes of the PVD coating sources and positioned such that at least a portion of each of the at least one cutting edge includes an active cutting edge and this active cutting edge is oriented opposite at least one of the cathodes of the PVD coating sources exposed at any time along a line of sight.

Abstract: A pulsed discharge is generated between tip ends of a rotating member such as a blade and a discharge electrode including a hard material such as cBN in dielectric liquid or gas by a power supply for discharge to melt the discharge electrode, and a part of the discharge electrode is attached to the tip end of the rotating member to form an abrasive coating film including the hard materials such as cBN.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and electrode for electric discharge surface treatment. The electrode is a green compact made by molding metallic powers or metallic compound powders, the green compact being heat treated and used for electric discharge surface treatment in which a pulsed electric discharge is generated between the electrode and a work in a dielectric fluid to form by the electric discharge energy on the surface of the work a coat of a material of the electrode or of a substance that is generated by a reaction of the electrode due to the electric discharge energy, wherein the electrode contains 40 volume % or more Co, Ni, or Fe. Thereby, a thick coat is formed by the in-liquid pulsed electric discharge treatment.

Abstract: Novel articles and methods to fabricate same with self-assembled nanodots and/or nanorods of a single or multicomponent material within another single or multicomponent material for use in electrical, electronic, magnetic, electromagnetic and electrooptical devices is disclosed. Self-assembled nanodots and/or nanorods are ordered arrays wherein ordering occurs due to strain minimization during growth of the materials. A simple method to accomplish this when depositing in-situ films is also disclosed. Device applications of resulting materials are in areas of superconductivity, photovoltaics, ferroelectrics, magnetoresistance, high density storage, solid state lighting, non-volatile memory, photoluminescence, thermoelectrics and in quantum dot lasers.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating system includes a substrate, a first transition metal layer on the substrate, a bond coat on the first transition metal layer, an optional second transition metal layer on the bond coat, and an optional ceramic topcoat on the second transition metal layer. In embodiments, the first transition metal layer and the second transition metal layer include platinum to resist reaction between the bond coat and the substrate and to slow oxidation of the bond coat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for affecting the properties of a material include vibrating the material during its formation (i.e., “surface sifting”). The method involves the steps of providing a material formation device and applying a plurality of vibrations to the material during formation, which vibrations comprise oscillations having dissimilar, non-harmonic frequencies and at least two different directions. The apparatus includes a plurality of vibration sources that impart vibrations to the material.

Abstract: Coated cemented carbide inserts, particularly useful for milling of cast iron, methods for making the inserts, and methods of their use are disclosed. The inserts are characterized by a composition of the substrate of about 5-7 wt % Co, about 0.05-2.0 wt % total amount of the metals selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb,Ta and combination thereof, and balance WC with a coercivity (Hc) of 1 about 4-19 kA/m and an S-value of about 0.81-0.96. The coating comprises a homogeneous layer of (TixAl1-x)N, where x is between about 0.25 and about 0.50 with a crystal structure of NaCl type and a total thickness of between about 1.0 and about 5.0 ?m as measured on the middle of the flank face.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compositions and methods of incorporating metal particles into carbon nanotube films, sheets, and networks. Metal salts that are soluble in water, alcohol, polar organic solvents, and mixtures thereof are used to deposit metal particles onto carbon nanotube films, sheets, and networks. Metal salts increase conductance of nanotube films by spontaneously depositing gold on the nanotube. The concentration and time of exposure to metal salt solution allows the tuning of conductivity and transparency for a transparent carbon nanotube network. Metal salts added to nanotube ink add functional properties of the metal to nanotube conductors.

Abstract: A process for coating an article includes the steps of contacting an article with a first solution to produce a coated article, the first solution includes a solvent and at least one non-conductive material comprising at least one oxide of a metal; contacting with a second solution the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer, the second solution includes a solvent and at least one conductive material comprising at least one of the foregoing: graphite, metals, conductive ceramics, semi-conductive ceramics, intermetallic compounds, and mixtures thereof; and drying the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer having the at least one conductive material in contact with at least one surface of the non-conductive material layer and the at least one surface of the article.