Abstract: An article is coated with a multilayer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a nickel-tungsten-boron alloy layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, strike layer deposited on the nickel-tungsten-boron alloy layer, and a refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the refractory metal strike layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite film. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composite compound film and composite compound multilayered film, comprising a metal, an alloy and/or an inorganic substance with an organic substance, which is excellent in decorative properties, protection and functionality. Methods applicable for forming such a composite compound film include the technique of evaporating a metal, an alloy, and/or an inorganic substance and an organic substance, simultaneously exciting the evaporated particles, and causing vapor-deposition in the state of ionized particles, neutral particles or radicals, and a method of sputtering, without excitation, etc.

Abstract: Deposition of a hard film of Ti--Si--N composite material on a substrate is carried out by using a source of evaporation possessing a composition of Ti.sub.a Si.sub.b (wherein "a" and "b" stand for atomic percentages respectively falling in the ranges of 75 at %.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.85 at % and 15 at %.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.25 at %, providing a+b=100 at %). Deposition is effected by a sputtering process or ion plating process in an atmosphere of an inert gas containing a nitrogen-containing reaction gas while controlling the feed rate of the reaction gas into a chamber in such a manner that the partial pressure of nitrogen is kept constant or varied continuously or stepwise.

Abstract: An insulated wire comprising a conductor and an insulating coating which has a tensile strength of at least 13 kg/mm.sup.2 and a Young's modulus of at least 270 kg/mm.sup.2, which has good flexibility and resistance to flaw.

Abstract: A high performance, durable sputter coated, heat-treatable glass which after heat-treatment exhibits about 76% or more visible transmittance, a hemispherical emissivity (E.sub.h) of about 0.16 or less, and a normal emissivity (E.sub.n) of about 0.12 or less is formed by sputter coating a layer system on a glass substrate which includes an undercoat and overcoat of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, a silver layer, and two nickel or nichrome layers on opposite sides of the silver layer, and wherein the lower nickel-based layer is about three times as thick as the other nickel based layer. The increased thickness of the lower nickel-based layer allows the coated glass article to be both heat-treatable, and "low-E" after the heat-treatment. This allows matching with other known glasses in the family of layer components by way of the heat-treatment process.

Abstract: A metal matrix composite is produced by forming a rapidly solidified aluminum base alloy into powder. The powder is plasma sprayed onto at least one substrate having thereon a fiber reinforcing material to form a plurality of preforms. Each of the preforms has a layer of the alloy deposited thereon, and the fiber reinforcing material is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to 75 percent by volume thereof. The preforms are bonded together to form an engineering shape.

Abstract: An electrically insulated wire which has an electrical conductor formed of a base material having an outer conductor surface and a chromium oxide containing layer formed on the outer conductor surface. An electrically insulating nitride layer is provided on the chromium oxide containing layer. The electrically insulated wire has a high insulability at high-temperatures, an excellent flexibility and does not form a gas adsorption source.

Abstract: A high performance, durable, low-E glass exhibiting about 80% or more visible transmittance, a hemispherical emissivity (E.sub.h) of about 0.13 or less, and a normal emissivity (E.sub.n) of about 0.10 or less is formed by sputter-coating a layer system on the glass substrate which comprises an undercoat and overcoat of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, at least one silver layer, and at least two sandwiching layers of a nickel or nickel alloy, preferably with the nickel alloy being nichrome, and the chromium being in the form of a nitride thereof.

Abstract: A boron nitride system starts with an hBN material and yields a directly converted sintered cBN body having a high heat conductivity within the range of at least 4 W/cm..degree.C. to about 6.2 W/cm..degree.C. For this purpose the hBN starting material of the system has diffused therein an additive of an alkaline earth metal or alkali metal in an amount of from 0.6 mol % to 1.3 mol %. This starting material is directly converted into the cBN at a sintering temperature of at least 1350.degree. C. under a thermodynamically stabilized condition for the cBN, which contains cBN within the range of 99.9 to 99.3 wt. % of the sintered body and a metal remainder from the additive of the starting material within the range of 0.1 to 0.7 wt. % of the sintered body, except for minute naturally occurring components.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant Al or Al alloy material on the surface of which multi-layer deposits for improved corrosion resistance. The deposits are obtained by laminating more than five layers of unit periodic layers with a thickness of 100 .ANG. or less in which two, or three or more layers of unit deposits, comprised of specific elements, are laminated. Such multi-layer structure can prevent water, chloride and other corrosion accelerating substances from passing through the deposits and reaching the surface of the base material, thus effectively preventing the corrosion of Al or Al alloy.

Abstract: A process for producing a crack-free, laser nitride-hardened layer on a titanium substrate, the process including preheating the substrate, melting a small area of substrate with a laser, and shrouding the melted area with a gas mixture having a maximum critical amount of nitrogen not greater than 85%. A crack-free pump shaft so hardened to Rockwell 52 C is produced.

Abstract: There is provided a composite copper alloy having a copper alloy core and a modified surface layer containing a nitride or carbide film. Alternatively, the modified surface layer may contain a carbo-nitride film. The alloy is formed by reacting a copper alloy with nitrogen, carbon or a nitrogen/carbon mixture at elevated temperatures. The resultant surface layer improves the tribological and mechanical properties of the alloy while maintaining useful electrical conductivity.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided information recording media having a substrate and thereon a recording layer and a metallic layer, wherein the metallic layer is composed of an aluminum alloy containing (i) titanium and (ii) at least one metal selected from among chromium, niobium and magnesium. The information recording media thus provided are excellent in corrosion resistance and small in dependence of the recording power on linear velocity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cemented carbide bodies preferably for rock drilling and mineral cutting. Due to the fact that the bodies are built up of a core of eta-phase-containing cemented carbide surrounded by a surface zone free of eta-phase with low Co-content in the surface zone and successively increasing Co-content to a maximum in the outer part of the eta-phase-core they have obtained an increase in toughness and life at practical use.

Abstract: A net shaped ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite is formed by forming a permeable mass of ceramic material with a defined surface boundary having a barrier, and contacting a molten aluminum-magnesium alloy with the permeable mass of ceramic material in the presence of a gas comprising from about 10 to 100% nitrogen, by volume, balance nonoxidizing gas, e.g. hydrogen or argon. Under these conditions, the molten alloy spontaneously infiltrates the ceramic mass under normal atmospheric pressures until it reaches the barrier. A solid body of the alloy can be placed adjacent to a permeable bedding of ceramic material having a barrier, and brought to the molten state, preferably to at least about 700.degree. C., in order to form the net shape aluminum matrix composite by infiltration. In addition to magnesium, auxiliary alloying elements may be employed with aluminum. The resulting composite products may contain a discontinuous aluminum nitride phase in the aluminum matrix.

Abstract: An insulating member has an insulating layer in the form of a thin ceramic plate made of at least one of SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, AlN and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ad having a thickness not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 2.0 mm, and cushioning layers provided on both sides of the insulating layer through brazing alloy for relieving thermal stress. An electric part can be made of such an insulating member. The insulating member is disposed between a conductive substrate and a conductive member and brazed thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved combined body of ceramics and metal which maintains high anti-torsional strength and anti-slip off strength while stress concentration is relaxed and deterioration of the ceramics is well prevented. The combined body includes a ceramic member inserted into and firmly engaged with a recess or an opening of a metal member. The combined body has a treated surface region in the vicinity of an engagement end of a contact surface of either the ceramic member or the metal member, and an untreated surface region at a location other than the vicinity of the engagement end.

Abstract: A reflective solar cell substrate comprising a base member composed of a metallic material provided with irregularities at the surface thereof and a buffer layer disposed on said base member so as to cover the entire of said irregularities at the surface of said base member, said buffer layer being composed of a substantially transparent or translucent and conductive material, said buffer layer being provided with irregularities at the surface thereof, and said irregularities at the surface of said buffer layer comprising a plurality of thickened convex portions and a plurality of thinned concave portions, said portions being alternately arranged. The reflective solar cell substrate reflects light reaching the substrate without being absorbed by the optically active layer at an effective angle, whereby the solar cell exhibits improved photovoltaic characteristics.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium that uses, as a protective coating layer provided on a magnetic layer for magnetically recording signals, a layer made of a nonmagnetic material consisting of two ore more elements of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, and one or more elements of N, C, O, and B, or made of a magnetic material consisting of one or more elements of Co, Fe, Ni, and Gd, one or more elements of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, and one or more elements of N, C, O, B, and Si is excellent in sliding endurance. When the protective coating layer is made of the nonmagnetic material, the magnetic recording medium is also excellent in corrosion resistance, and when the protective coating layer is made of the magnetic material, the spacing between a magnetic head and the magnetic recording medium can advantageously be made large. Both the cases are high in reliability, and suitable for high density magnetic recording.

Abstract: There is disclosed an opto-magnetic recording medium which comprises a substrate, a first magnetic layer of a Gd-Fe-Co amorphous alloy formed on the substrate and having iron group sublattice magnetization superiority, saturated magnetization of which falls within the range of 25 to 125 emu/cm.sup.3, and a second magnetic layer of an R-Fe-Co (wherein R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Tb and Dy) amorphous alloy having a higher coercive force than that of the first magnetic layer, a lower Curie point than that, and rare earth group sublattice magnetization superiority, saturated magnetization of which falls within the range of 25 to 175 emu/cm.sup.3, and in which second magnetic layer is exchange-coupled with the first magnetic layer.

Abstract: Mirrors are formed in an environmentally compatible and substantially pollution-free manner by a sputtering process in which a transparent substrate such as glass has first sputtered upon it a primer layer and then a reflective layer of silver or other bright reflective metal. A barrier layer is provided over the reflective layer to protect the latter from corrosive environments. If the transmittance of the reflective layer is greater than zero percent, the barrier layer includes a different bright reflective metal sufficient to reduce the transmittance of the combined reflective and barrier layers to zero percent. The mirror includes a lead free polymeric protective layer spaced further from the transparent substrate than the barrier layer. The inclusion of zinc pigment in the polymeric coating provides sulfiding protection, and the use of an outer sputtered on film of zinc or zinc oxide provides substantial adhesion thereto of the polymeric coating.

Abstract: Intermetallic compounds or alloys comprising niobium with and from 10 to 28 atomic percent titanium and from 14 to 17.5 atomic percent aluminum characterized by very high temperature melting points, high compressive strength at room temperature, higher room temperature compressive strength after annealing, machineable with conventional tooling, a B2 crystal structure in the as-cast condition, a two-phase microstructure in the annealed condition consisting of a B2 matrix and a second phase with the A15 crystal structure, an expected low value for coefficient of thermal expansion and susceptible to fabrication into single crystals.

Abstract: A relatively displacing apparatus including a movable member and a stationary member which has a coating layer disposed adjacent to the movable member, formed by flame spray coating and including at least one selected from the group consisting of hexagonal system boron nitride and ceric oxide. Since the coating layer is easily machined with the movable member, the coating layer comes to have a surface generated by machining with the movable member and the clearance between the movable member and the stationary member is made zero (0) substantially when the movable member and the stationary member displace relatively at a high temperature. Thus, the efficiency of the relatively displacing apparatus has improved. In addition, since the coating layer has a high thermal shock resistance, the durability of the relatively displacing apparatus has improved.

Abstract: A wear and erosion resistant coating for substrates having a non-nitrogen titanium-containing outer surface onto which a non-stoichiometric titanium nitride coating is deposited in which the nitrogen content in the titanium nitride coating is from 32.5 to 47 atomic weight percent.

Abstract: A wear-resistant composite structure which is especially suitable for use in the formation of sealing components, brake linings, electrical motor brushes, bearings, and like products, is disclosed. This composite structure includes as its primary component vitreous carbon in a continuous phase, and strengthening fibers interspersed throughout the vitreous carbon in a discontinuous phase. These fibers are individually convoluted in configuration, so as to improve the crack-resistance and other physical properties of the vitreous carbon. A suitable method of forming such wear-resistant composite structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wear-resistant member formed comprises a sintered ceramic body essentially consisting of 0.1 to 15% by weight of at least one material selected from the group comprising molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum silicide, niobium silicide, hafnium silicide, tantalum silicide, tungsten silicide, molybdenum boride, niobium boride, hafnium boride, tantalum boride, and tungsten boride, 2 to 20% by weight of a boundary phase selected from the group consisting of Si--Y--Al--O--N and Si--Y--Al--O--N--B, and a balance of .beta.-silicon nitride. The wear-resistant member preferably has a metal member bonded to the sintered ceramic body. The wear-resistant member can perform high-load work such as high-speed cutting.

Abstract: A silicon carbide-reinforced light alloy composite material comprises a matrix of a light weight alloy and a reinforcing material consisting of at least one of a silicon carbide whisker and a silicon carbide grain. In the composite material, the content of SiO.sub.2 contained in the reinforcing material, is set in the range of 0.05 to 5.0% by weight.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing an optical disk substrate having a foreign-substances index of not more than 1.times.10.sup.5 .mu.m.sup.2 /g, an optical information-storage medium wherein the substrate has an information-recording layer, includes a cylinder with a liner and a screw coated with TiC and TiN.

Abstract: A ceramic-metal composite substrate which comprises: a ceramic base member; metal members of a material selected from the group consisting of copper and copper alloys, which is bonded to said ceramic base member; and a constraining member bonded to said metal member, said constraining member being made up of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and alloys thereof, and having a thickness in a range of from 1/20 to 1/3 of the thickness of said metal member.

Abstract: A metallized ceramic structure includes a ceramic substrate preferably aluminum nitride and a metallic layer preferably tungsten bonded to the ceramic substrate. First and second mixture layers are formed between the ceramic substrate and the metallic layer to bond the ceramic substrate and the metallic layer. The first mixture layer is in contact with the ceramic substrate and the second mixture layer is in contact with the metallic layer. Each of the mixture layers includes a mixture of ceramic of the ceramic substrate and the metal of the metallic layer. The second mixture layer has a lower percentage of the ceramic than the first mixture layer.

Abstract: A magnesium based metal matrix composite is made from rapidly solidified magnesium alloy powder and SiC particulate using liquid suspension coprocessing or mechanical alloying. The composite is suitable for consolidation into bulk shapes having, in combination, high strength, high stiffness, low density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and high hardness. The composite is suited for uses in such applications as space and missile guidance and navigation and control system precision components where low density, very high specific stiffness and long term dimensional and environmental stability are principal performance criteria.

Abstract: A net shaped ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite is formed by forming a permeable mass of ceramic material with a defined surface boundary having a barrier, and contracting a molten aluminum-magnesium alloy with the permeable mass of ceramic material in the presence of a gas comprising from about 10 to 100% nitrogen, by volume, balance nonoxidizing gas, e.g. hydrogen or argon. Under these conditions, the molten alloy spontaneously infiltrates the ceramic mass under normal atmospheric pressures until it reaches the barrier. A solid body of the alloy can be placed adjacent to a permeable bedding of ceramic material having a barrier, and brought to the molten state, preferably to at least about 700.degree. C., in order to form the net shape aluminum matrix composite by infiltration. In addition to magnesium, auxiliary alloying elements may be employed with aluminum. The resulting composite products may contain a discontinuous aluminum nitride phase in the aluminum matrix.

Abstract: MCrAlY composite material with platinum and/or rhodium alloying elements as 5-15 wt. % thereof and containing included particles of carbides vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, molybdenum and/or tungsten and/or mixtures thereof, enhancing the corrosion- and wear-resistance of such materials at high temperatures.

Abstract: A metal matrix composite is produced by rapidly solidifying an aluminum base alloy directly into wire. The wire is arc sprayed onto at least one substrate having thereon a fiber reinforcing material to form a plurality of preforms. Each of the preforms has a layer of the alloy deposited thereon, and the fiber reinforcing material is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to 75 percent by volume thereof. The preforms are bonded together to form an engineering shape.

Abstract: A simple cylindrical steel element, having a tapered portion at an insertion end and a plug of a difficult-to-machine material securely attached therein, is forcibly inserted into a previously formed hole, e.g., in a hard inner layer of a multilayer wall of a safe for containing valuables. To facilitate intromission of the tapered end of the device into the hole, all layers except the hard inner layer are machined to slightly enlarge the hole originally formed therethrough. In the preferred embodiment, markings in the form of regularly spaced circumferential grooves are provided along the length of the device and are readily utilizable to determine where the device should be cut so that, by the application of a sharp force as from a hammer, the tapered end of the device, with the hard-to-machine plug embedded therein, is firmly lodged into the hard inner layer. Welding material is provided thereafter to firmly connect an outer end of the device with the material of an outer layer of the wall.

Abstract: A metallized ceramic substrate having an enhanced bond strength between the ceramic substrate and a conductive metal layer bonded thereto is disclosed. The metallized ceramic substrate includes a heterogeneous juncture band between a ceramic workpiece and a layer of electrically conductive material. A process for making the metallized ceramic substrate is also disclosed. The process includes an acid etchant step that increases the actual surface area of the treated surface of the ceramic workpiece without undermining the integrity of the ceramic surface while at the same time selectively attacking vitreous binder phase present between substrate grains and creating even deeper penetration at the relatively higher energy triple point junctures. In this manner, metal anchor sites that enhance adhesion are provided. During subsequent high temperature firing these anchors hold the resulting composite together as a chemical bond is formed in addition to a mechanical bond or interlock.

Abstract: A sacrificial metallic undercoat is provided between the surface of the gas turbine engine stainless steel compressor blade and a protective overcoat of ceramic material.

Abstract: A magnetic thin film recording disk includes a substrate of a hard electroless plated nickel surface that has been textured to encourage a circular anisotropic orientation of crystal growth during a pass-by sputtering in a continuous production line. A thin film chromium nucleating layer that is substantially free of any oxidation that would affect the recording properties is subsequently deposited, and then a thin film magnetic layer of a cobalt alloy, having a desired circular anisotropic crystal growth, is deposited through the sputtering process. The resulting magnetic thin film recording disk is then coated with a thin film of a carbon protective material.

Abstract: Seizure resistance of boronized sliding material is improved by surface microstructure, i.e., co-existence of the Fe.sub.2 B phase and Fe.sub.3 B phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite film. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composite compound film and composite compound multilayered film, comprising a metal, an alloy and/or an inorganic substance with an organic substance, which is excellent in decorative properties, protection and functionality. Methods applicable for forming such a composite compound film include the technique of evaporating a metal, an alloy, and/or an organic substance and an organic substance, simultaneously exciting the evaporated particles, and causing vapor-deposition in the state of ionized particles, neutral particles or radicals, and a method of sputtering, without excitation, etc.

Abstract: A tool comprising a blank and shank, bonded at a low temperature through a bonding layer of gold formed by thermocompression bonding between the blank and shank is provided which can be used at a high temperature independently of the temperature at which the blank and shank were bonded.

Abstract: Engine components of steel or superalloy subject to wear from alternating friction at medium temperatures in the region of 700.degree. C. are provided with a protective wear-resistant coating bya) electrophoretic deposition of a metal-ceramic structure comprising a mixture of from 85% to 50% of metallic powder and from 15% to 50% of ceramic powder, the metallic powder being a cobalt-based superalloy of type KC 25 NW or of M Cr Al Y wherein M represents at least one metal chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Fe with the possible addition of Ta, and the ceramic powder being an oxide such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, a carbide such as SiC or Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2, a nitride such as BN or TiN, or a boride such as TiB.sub.2 ;b) electrolytic pre-nickeling said deposit in an electrolysis bath at a pH between 6 and 8, andc) electrolytic nickeling said pre-nickeled deposit in an acid bath of sulphamate type.

Abstract: Two materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion are brazed together by use of an interlayer of expanded metal therebetween. The expanded metal makes point-type contact with the two materials and accommodates stresses resulting from the expansion difference.

Abstract: A wear-resistant titanium alloy containing titanium carbides which are crystallized and/or precipitated and are dispersed in the .beta.-phase matrix is disclosed. The alloy may further comprise .alpha.-phase and/or additional hard particles dispersed in the .beta.-phase matrix.

Abstract: A tough, wear resistant body is provided. The body includes hard carbide particles embedded in and bonded with a first casted ferrous matrix material such as steel or cast iron. The body may be embedded in and bonded with a second steel matrix to form a wear resistant composite. The second steel matrix has a melting point at least 200 degrees F. greater than the melting point of the first ferrous matrix, thereby facilitating a metallurgical bond between the surface of the wear resistant body and the second steel matrix. The composite structure is particularly suitable for earthmoving and other severe mechanical applications.

Abstract: In heat-connection between metal and ceramic, martensite stainless steel or martensite heat-resistant steel which can be hardened a gas or vacuum after having been heated beyond the quenching temperature thereof are used as metal. The heat connection is brazing or shrinkage fit at 800.degree. C. or more. Stress strain caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the two can be reduced. Further, since the metal can be connected to ceramic while hardening the metal, man-hour can be reduced markedly.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing tungsten carbide-nickel powder which comprises forming a powder mixture consisting essentially of in percent by weight of about 0.1 to about 1.0 dimolybdenum carbide, about 1 to about 4 tungsten metal powder, about 80 to about 98% tungsten carbide and about 2 to about 20 nickel, wherein a sintered article produced from the powder has a relatively uniform microstructure.

Abstract: A TiAl composition is prepared to have high strength, high oxidation resistance and to have acceptable ductility by altering the atomic ratio of the titanium and aluminum to have what has been found to be a highly desirable effective aluminum concentration by addition of chromium and silicon according to the approximate formula Ti.sub.48 Al.sub.48 Cr.sub.2 Si.sub.2.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Preferably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.