Abstract: An electrically conductive connector housing body (16, 17) of aluminum or an aluminum compound, and a surface layer on the aluminum which comprises an adhesive layer in the form of a chemical nickel-plating, a corrosion protection layer, and a metallic passivation layer provided in sequence. In order to avoid the use of toxic metals and their compounds in a housing part of this type and nevertheless to assure sufficient conductivity and corrosion resistance, the corrosion protection layer is formed by a zinc-cobalt-iron compound, the passivation layer is constituted by a compound made of trivalent chromium, and a sealing layer made of an inorganic compound containing silicate is applied as the exterior layer.

Abstract: Metallic substrates have a surface for receiving application of an adhesive that includes a precipitated coating of metallic nanoparticulates. A first portion of the nanoparticulates is adhered to the surface and a second portion is in contact with the first portion. Also provided are adhered constructs. These constructs include a first substrate with a first surface that has a metallic precipitated coating of nanoparticulates. A first portion of the nanoparticulates is adhered to the surface and a second portion contacts the first portion. The constructs include a second substrate that has a second surface; and an adhesive is applied between the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: A carrier material to be used as a placeholder for structuring workpieces having at least one vacuity is disclosed, said carrier material comprising at least two metal powders Mel and Mell, the standard electrode potentials of which are different at room temperature, which can be produced by a method compacting the powders, as well as a method for producing same.

Abstract: A Pt—Al—Hf/Zr aluminide coating that can be used as a bond coat for TBC and improve TBC spallation life in service at elevated temperatures is provided. The aluminide coating can include a metastable ternary or higher X—Pt/Pd—Ni phase where the phase and other elements in the alloy system are present in a NiAl ? phase of the coating. The metastable phase can be present and observable in the as-deposited condition of the bond coating; e.g. in an as-CVD deposited condition of the bond coating.

Abstract: Food cooking surface for a kitchen utensil or cooking appliance, constituted by the surface of a compound fabricated starting from an alloy whose two principal components are zirconium and cobalt.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a power module substrate, includes: preparing a ceramics substrate and a metal plate made of pure aluminum; a fusion step in which the ceramics substrate and the metal plate are stacked in layers with a brazing filler metal interposed therebetween, and a fused aluminum layer is formed at an interface between the ceramics substrate and the metal plate by fusing the brazing filler metal which is caused by heating; and a solidifying step in which the fused aluminum layer is solidified by cooling, and a crystal is grown so as to be arranged in a crystal orientation of the metal plate when the fused aluminum layer is solidified.

Abstract: A tool for friction stir welding or forming is provided. The tool comprises a shoulder portion (40b) and optionally a pin portion (5Ob)l the shoulder portion (40b) comprised of at least 60% by weight and up to 100% by weight of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium or hafnium, the balance being alloying materials, if used. The tool has at least one surface treatment or coating. Articles welded by the tools are also provided.

Abstract: A metal composite substrate includes a core made of a metal having higher strength than aluminum at elevated temperatures of at least 300° C. and an aluminum or aluminum alloy layer covering an entire surface of the core, and an anodized film is formed at a surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy layer. The metal composite substrate having the anodized surface film can produce with high efficiency an insulating flexible support by a roll-to-roll process and has good flatness during the high-temperature heat treatment.

Abstract: A method for soldering or welding components in a series production wherein: a fixing seam which connects the components (1, 2) is produced by melting a connecting material (3), which is supplied as an additional material or is formed by a base material of the components (1, 2), along a joint formed by the components (1, 2); and a volume-forming layer of connecting material is deposited onto the fixing seam by melting, or the fixing seam produced by means of the connecting material supplied as an additional material is re-melted.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing or repairing a coating on a metallic substrate. Production of said coating comprises forming a pre-layer on the substrate or on a sub-layer of the coating placed on the substrate by applying one or more layers of a paint containing at least one metal selected from the group constituted by platinum class metals (platinoids) and chromium. Application to the formation or localized repair of a thermal barrier on a superalloy turbo engine part.

Abstract: The present invention generally discloses the use of a nanostructured non-silicon thin film (such as an alumina or aluminum thin film) on a supporting substrate which is subsequently coated with an active layer of a material such as silicon or tungsten. The base, underlying non-silicon material generates enhanced surface area while the active layer assists in incorporating and transferring energy to one or more analytes adsorbed on the active layer when irradiated with a laser during laser desorption of the analyte(s). The present invention provides substrate surfaces that can be produced by relatively straightforward and inexpensive manufacturing processes and which can be used for a variety of applications such as mass spectrometry, hydrophobic or hydrophilic coatings, medical device applications, electronics, catalysis, protection, data storage, optics, and sensors.

Abstract: A method for electroplating a substrate having an aluminum alloy surface comprises: applying a zinc layer onto the aluminum alloy surface; electroplating a first copper layer onto the zinc layer from an alkaline copper electroplating solution; electroplating a second copper layer onto the first copper layer from an acid copper electroplating solution; electroplating a Cu—Sn alloy layer onto the second copper layer from a Cu—Sn electroplating solution; and electroplating a chromium layer onto the Cu—Sn alloy layer from a trivalent chromium solution. The alkaline copper electroplating solution is substantially free of cyanide ion.

Abstract: A sliding member for a compressor includes a base metal, a first layer and a second layer. The base metal is made of an aluminum-based metal. The first layer is formed on or over the base metal and made of a nickel-based plating layer containing at least one material of nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al) as an additive. The second layer is formed on the surface of the first layer and made of a diamond-like carbon layer containing the same additive as the additive contained in the first layer.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments relate to a multilayer aluminum alloy sheet material suitable for fabrication into coolant-conveying tubes, headers and the like used for heat exchangers, and to the tubes and headers, etc., fabricated from the sheet. The multi-layer metal sheet has a core layer of aluminum alloy having first and second sides. The first side has an interlayer made of a Zn-containing aluminum alloy positioned between a Zn-containing outer layer and the core layer. The alloy of the outer layer is more electronegative than the alloy of the interlayer. The alloy of the interlayer is preferably more electronegative than the alloy of the core layer. The first side clad in this way is the side intended for exposure to the coolant, and provides good resistance to corrosion and erosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aluminum alloy brazing sheet including: a thin covering material layer, a core material layer, and an Al—Si alloy brazing material layer as an intermediate material interposed between the thin covering material and the core material. The thin covering material and the core material being of aluminum alloys having a solidus temperature higher than a liquidus temperature of the brazing material so that the molten brazing material seeps onto a surface of the thin covering material when the brazing material is molten in a brazing operation. The Al—Si alloy brazing material contains from 0.01 to 0.09% mg, and the aluminum alloy brazing sheet has a total Mg-content of less than 0.06%.

Abstract: A brazing product for fluxless brazing comprises a substrate and a filler metal-forming composition applied to the substrate. The substrate preferably comprises aluminum, an aluminum alloy or another metal and may include at least one layer of a ceramic, carbide or nitride. The filler metal-forming composition comprises a liquid-forming layer comprising silicon and a braze-promoting layer comprising one or more metals selected from the group comprising nickel, cobalt, palladium and iron. The liquid-forming layer comprises one or more material layers. Where the liquid-forming layer comprises a plurality of layers, it may include at least one layer consisting essentially of silicon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metallic coating having a sheen and having a discontinuous structure at high productivity and low cost by using sputtering. A resin product includes a resin base material, and a metallic coating having a sheen and a discontinuous structure that is deposited on the resin base material so as to include a portion in which a high-formation metal that relatively readily forms a discontinuous structure when using vacuum vapor deposition is sputtered, and thereafter, a low-formation metal that does not relatively readily form a discontinuous structure when using vacuum vapor deposition is sputtered. The high-formation metal and the low-formation metal are selected from at least two species of metals whose crystal structures are identical and whose lattice constant difference is within 10%.

Abstract: A powder form of a hard phase component, selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, silicon carbide and a mixture of boron carbide and silicon carbide, is combined with an aluminum alloy matrix powder and applied to a metal substrate using plasma transferred arc (“PTA”) welding to produce a hardfaced structure having a wear-resisting carbide metal matrix composite overlay. The metal substrate can be any metal structure, such as an aluminum, aluminum alloy, steel or carbon steel structure, where wear resistance is desirable. Further, a process for hardfacing a metal substrate is disclosed comprising feeding a hard phase powder, selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, silicon carbide and a mixture of boron carbide and silicon carbide, and an aluminum alloy metal matrix powder to an operative PTA welding torch and welding to form a carbide metal matrix composite overlay fused to a metal substrate.

Abstract: A copper-substitute aluminum material made from a copper and cobalt anodizing process. The process includes the steps of: anodizing the aluminum material by submersing it in a basic sulfuric acid to build an anodic layer producing anodized aluminum material; combining copper and cobalt salts together in one bath; lowering the pH of the bath to between about 1.0 and about 3.0; coloring the anodized aluminum material electrolyticly by submersing the anodized aluminum material in the bath of copper and cobalt salts; and applying an electrical current to the bath plating the copper and cobalt salts into the anodized aluminum material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component having a substrate and a protective layer, which consists of an intermediate NiCoCrAlY layer zone on or near the substrate and an outer layer zone which is arranged on the intermediate NiCoCrAlY layer zone, which is characterized in that the intermediate NiCoCrAlY layer zone comprises of (in wt %): 24-26% Co, 16-18% Cr, 9.5-11% Al, 0.3-0.5 Y, 1-1.8% Re and Ni balance.

Abstract: A substrate processing chamber component is capable of being exposed to an energized gas in a process chamber. The component has an underlying structure and first and second coating layers, the first coating layer comprising a first material having a first thermal expansion coefficient and a first surface having an average surface roughness of less than about 25 micrometers. The second coating layer is over the first surface of the first coating layer, the second coating layer comprising a second material having a second thermal expansion coefficient that differs by less than 5% from the first thermal expansion coefficient of the first material and a second surface having an average surface roughness of at least about 50 micrometers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an at least partially corrosion protected and in particular, shiny metallic and/or non-metallic substrate, comprising a) the provision of a substrate with an at least partially coatable surface, and b) the application of at least one metallic protective layer, containing a first metal, a first precious metal or a first metal alloy, and at least one salt, one oxide, double oxide, oxide hydrate, sulphide, halogenide, nitride, carbide, carbon nitride, boride, silicide, oxyhalogenide and/or salt of a second metal, second precious metal or second metal alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reinforced matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising a porous aluminum support and a lithium aluminate tape-cast on the porous aluminum support. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the reinforced matrix comprising steps of tape-casting a lithium aluminate on a porous aluminum support so as to prepare a reinforced matrix (S1), making a unit cell or a stack of the unit cells using the reinforced matrix (S2) and heat treating the unit cell or the stack so as to oxidize aluminum in the support into lithium aluminate (S3). According to the present invention, the method is simple and economic, and the mass production of the matrix is easy, and strength of the matrix can be increased effectively and therefore there is no worry about fracture or crack.

Abstract: A coating applied to at least a portion of the surfaces of reactors, reactor internals, other reactor components, and/or heater tubes is provided in order to minimize the formation of metal catalyzed coke in hydrocarbon conversion processes operating at temperatures at about 350° C. (662° F.) or greater and in reducing environments. These coatings may comprise Nickel coatings or complexes thereof, such as Ni—Al, Ni—Cr/Cr carbide, as well as aluminum painted coatings that are applied in a reduction cure process (e.g., application temperatures of about 600° C. (1112° F.)). Additionally, where H2S is necessary for the process, such as to minimize thermal cracking, the coatings also reduce corrosion of base metal due to sulfidation attack and eliminate the requirement of continuous replacement of reactor internals and other components.

Abstract: Fabrication techniques for and examples of metallic composite materials with high toughness, high strength, and lightweight for various structural, armor, and structural-armor applications. For example, various advanced materials based on metallic-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composite materials are described, including materials with passive damping features and built-in sensors.

Abstract: A wire (2) for use as a feedstock in metal spraying and in welding contains two components (4, 6) formed from different metals, with the components being in face-to-face contact along a convoluted interface (8) that extends throughout the interior of the wire. This leaves the distribution of the two metals in generally uniform throughout the cross section of the wire. To produce the wire, two flat strips (22, 22 or 30, 32) of the different metals are provided, with the strips (22, 32) of the second component overlying the strips (20, 30) of the first component to form a laminate (24, 34). Then the laminate is deformed into a U-shaped configuration with the second strip being confined within the first strip. Next the ends of the U-shaped laminate are turned inwardly. The resulting configuration, which has a convoluted interface, is drawn through a die to reduce its cross-sectional size and to densify it.

Abstract: Selective solar absorbers are prepared by coating a reflector with a thin cermet layer prepared by depositing and subsequently sintering at least one cermet layer precursor which is an aqueous or alcoholic dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles, the dispersion also containing dissolved metal ions corresponding to the desired metal in the cermet. Sintering in H2 or an inert atmosphere reduces the metal ions to elemental metal particles.

Abstract: Fine-grained (average grain size 1 nm to 1,000 nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and/or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.

Abstract: A method of casting a multi-layered metal ingot including the steps of delivering a metallic divider member into a direct chill mold, pouring a first molten metal into the mold on one side of the divider member, and pouring a second molten metal into the mold on the other side of the divider member, and allowing the first molten metal and the second molten metal solidify to form a metal ingot which includes the divider metal layer disposed there between.

Abstract: A extreme low resistivity light attenuation anti-reflection coating structure includes a substrate, a coating module, and a composed protection coating layer. The coating module is formed on a front surface of the substrate. The coating module is composed of a plurality of Ti-based oxide coating layers and a plurality of metal coating layers that are alternately stacked with each other. The composed protection coating layer is formed on the coating module.

Abstract: A component having a corrosion-resistant and/or oxidation-resistant coating is provided that includes at least one platinum-aluminum substrate area is provided, the component having a substrate surface (11) and a substrate composition based on nickel, with a platinum-aluminum substrate area (12) formed in the area of the substrate surface of the component by precipitating platinum (Pt) and aluminum (Al) on the substrate surface. The platinum-aluminum substrate area (12) has a two-phase structure or duplex structure with finely dispersed platinum-aluminum deposits in a nickel-based mixed crystal in an outer zone (13), and a single-phase structure made of a nickel-based mixed crystal in an inner zone (14) located between the substrate surface (11) of the component and the outer zone (13).

Abstract: A multi-layered brazing sheet with improved long life corrosion resistance achieved by balancing the Zn, Cu, Mn, Si and Mg content of the core and interliner alloy. The brazing sheet has a core of a 3xxx alloy, an inner braze cladding of a 4xxx alloy, and between core and inner braze cladding an interliner of a 3xxx alloy. The 3xxx alloy of the core has 0.55-1.0 wt % Cu, 0.7-1.8 wt % Mn, <0.3 wt % Mg, <0.4 wt % Zn. The 3xxx alloy of the interliner has <0.25 wt % Cu, 0.5-1.5 wt % Mn, <0.3 wt % Mg, 0.1-5.0 wt % Zn. A 1xxx or 7xxx alloy could be used for the interliner instead of the 3xxx alloy.

Abstract: A process for friction stir welding at least a first part made of metal alloy A with at least a second part made of a dissimilar metal alloy B, in which the first and second parts are placed side by side, and a joint is made between the first and second parts using a rotating tool moving at a speed referred to as the travel speed. The tool travel speed has at least two alternated modes in continuous service, a first mode wherein a first average travel speed S1 and a second mode wherein a second average travel speed S2 is used, the speeds S1 and S2 being significantly different, typically at least 30% of the highest travel speeds, with the slowest advance speed being zero. The assemblies welded according to the invention are particularly advantageous for the fabrication of panels or structural sections used in the manufacture of transport vehicles.

Abstract: In an alloy coating film having a diffusion barrier layer and an aluminum reservoir layer on a substrate, the diffusion barrier layer is composed of a single phase that is a Re—Cr—Ni—Al system ? phase containing Al by less than 1 atomic %, or composed of a first phase which is the Re—Cr—Ni—Al system ? phase and one or more second phases selected from a ? phase, ?? phase and ? phase.

Abstract: Metal foams are impregnated with resins. The metal foam/polymer composite formed upon curing has excellent acoustic dampening and structural properties. Foams of various metals, such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, iron, zinc, lead, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, and alloys based on these metals, may be used. The polymer component may be any polymeric resin, for example, epoxy, natural rubber, acrylic, or phenolic.

Abstract: A preform main body of an iron species preform for forming a metal matrix composite inserted in an aluminum species alloy base material to be cast-in is bored with a first to fourth through holes communicating an inner peripheral face and an outer peripheral face. In a cast-in step, shrinkage in a peripheral direction of the inner peripheral face and the outer peripheral face of the iron species preform in accordance with solidification of the melted aluminum species alloy is uniformly received by shrinkage in accordance with solidification of the melted aluminum species alloy invading the through holes, movement thereof in the peripheral direction is restrained, a clearance can be prevented from being brought about at an interface, a cast-in performance is excellent and a stable bonding strength of the interface is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multilayer alloy coating film capable of maintaining heat resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and creep resistance for a long time even in an ultra high temperature environment. The multilayer alloy coating film comprises a barrier layer formed on a base surface, and an aluminum reservoir layer formed on the barrier layer and composed of an alloy containing Al. The barrier layer comprises an inner sacrificial barrier layer composed of an alloy containing Re, an inner stabilization layer formed on the inner sacrificial barrier layer, a diffusion barrier layer formed on the inner stabilization layer and composed of an alloy containing Re, an outer stabilization layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer, and an outer sacrificial barrier layer formed on the outer stabilization layer and composed of an alloy containing Re.

Abstract: A method of casting a multi-layered metal ingot including the steps of delivering a metallic divider member into a direct chill mold, pouring a first molten metal into the mold on one side of the divider member, and pouring a second molten metal into the mold on the other side of the divider member, and allowing the first molten metal and the second molten metal solidify to form a metal ingot which includes the divider metal layer disposed there between.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a coated turbine article comprising a uniform enhanced coating on at least a portion of the turbine article, wherein the enhanced coating comprises a coating material and a structural enhancer, wherein the structural enhancer is selected from the group consisting of oxide, carbide, nitride, intermetallic material, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, wherein the structural enhancer has an average particle size, as measured along a major axis, of about 0.01 ?m to about 100 ?m.

Abstract: A heat-insulating layer has a melting point above 2500° C., a thermal expansion coefficient in excess of 8×10?6 K?1, and a sintering temperature greater than 1400° C. This material has a perovskite structure of the general formula A1+r(B?1/2+xB?1/2+y)O3+z in which: A=at least one element of the group (Ba, Sr, Ca, Be), B?=at least one element of the group (Al, La, Nd, Gd, Er, Lu, Dy, Tb), B?=at least one element of the group (Ta, Nb), and 0.1<r,x,y,z<0.1.

Abstract: An easily handleable composition for metal surface treatment is provided which achieves foundation surface concealment, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance equal to or higher than those obtained by the conventional metal surface treatment compositions. This composition for metal surface treatment places no burden on the environment. A method for treating the surface of a metal material in which such a composition for metal surface treatment is used, and a metal material treated by such a metal surface treatment method, are also provided. Specifically disclosed is a metal surface treatment composition used for a treatment of a metal surface, which composition contains a zirconium compound and/or titanium compound substantially not containing fluorine, and an inorganic acid and/or a salt thereof. This metal surface treatment composition has a pH of not less than 1.5 but not more than 6.5.

Abstract: A thermal spray composition and method of deposition for abradable seals for use in gas turbine engines, turbochargers and steam turbines. The thermal spray composition includes a solid lubricant and a ceramic preferably comprising 5 to 60 wt % total of the composition in a ratio of 1:7 to 20:1 of solid lubricant to ceramic, the balance a matrix-forming metal alloy selected from Ni, Co, Cu, Fe and Al and combinations and alloys thereof. The solid lubricant is at least one of hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride, tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide particles. The ceramic includes at least one of albite, illite, quartz and alumina-silica.

Abstract: A laminate aluminum block for forming an article includes a series of aluminum laminate plates to collectively form a tool body for forming an article in a forming operation. A series of aluminum brazing layers are formed for brazing together adjacent aluminum laminate plates. The series of aluminum laminate plates and the series of aluminum brazing layers are deoxidized. Draining apertures are formed through a plurality of the series of aluminum laminate plates. The series of aluminum laminate plates are stacked alternating with the aluminum brazing layers between adjacent aluminum laminate plates without a flux. The stacked series of alternating aluminum plates and aluminum brazing layers are pressed. The stacked series of alternating aluminum plates and aluminum brazing layers are heated in a vacuum furnace to a temperature wherein the aluminum brazing layers braze the aluminum laminate plates together and excess braze material drains from the draining apertures.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aluminide coatings. In one embodiment coatings are used as a barrier coating to protect a metal substrate, such as a steel or a superalloy, from various chemical environments, including oxidizing, reducing and/or sulfidizing conditions. In addition, the disclosed coatings can be used, for example, to prevent the substantial diffusion of various elements, such as chromium, at elevated service temperatures. Related methods for preparing protective coatings on metal substrates are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aluminium alloy used as a coating for surfaces subjected to extreme friction stress, with an aluminium matrix incorporating at least a soft phase and a hard phase, as well as a process for producing the coating. The soft phase and/or the hard phase is essentially finely distributed in the aluminium matrix (20) and at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the soft phase or soft phase particles (18) have a mean diameter of a maximum of 3 ?m. The aluminium alloy is produced by depositing it on the base (11) by a process of deposition from a gas phase.

Abstract: An aluminizing composition includes an aluminum-based powder, an inert organic pyrolysable thickener, and a binder selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, at least one organic resin, and combinations thereof. A method for aluminizing an internal passage of a metal substrate comprises injecting the organic-based aluminizing composition into the internal passage, heat treating the composition under conditions sufficient to remove volatile components from the composition, to cause diffusion of aluminum into surface regions of the internal passage, and to cause decomposition of at least some pyrolysable thickener particles, and burnishing excess material from the internal passage.

Abstract: A method of processing a brazed article includes forming a braze joint with an aluminum component comprising a nano-grained aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A composite material for brazing having features of: forming a homogenous distribution of components in the brazing filler material even after brazing; having an excellent workability; offering low manufacturing costs; and having satisfactory corrosion resistivity as desired. The composite material for brazing has a lamination of a brazing filler material layer thereon, wherein the brazing filler material layer is a layer of alloy that includes copper, aluminum, and nickel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal coating for a utensil for cooking food products. The coating consists of an aluminum-based alloy containing more than 80% by weight of one or more quasicrystalline or approximant phases, having the composition Ala(Fe1-xXx)b(Cr1-yYy)cZzJj in which: X represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Fe, chosen from Ru and Os; Y represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Cr, chosen from Mo and W; Z is an element or a mixture of elements chosen from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Re, Rh, Ni and Pd; J represents the inevitable impurities other than copper; a+b+c+z=100; 5?b?15; 10?c?29; 0?z?10; xb?2; yc?2; and j<1.

Abstract: The metal film of the present invention is a dense film of a single crystal that has very low surface roughness and very good crystal orientation because an arithmetic mean roughness of the surface is not larger than 2 nm and a (111) peak intensity of X-ray diffraction is not less than 20 times the sum of all other peaks. Also the metal oxide film of the present invention is a dense film that includes less oxygen defects and almost no voids therein because a content of a non-oxidized metal is not higher than 1 mole % of a metal component that constitutes the metal oxide and a packing density is 0.98 or higher.