Abstract: A process for protecting an article from wear, wherein a frictionally transformable material is provided at the surface of the article, and then the surface of the article is subjected to frictional wear. The wear transforms the outermost layer of the material to the amorphous state, which is more wear resistant and corrosion resistant than is the material in its nonamorphous state. As the material is worn away gradually, the frictional transformation continues, thereby replenishing the amorphous outermost layer, so that a protective outermost layer remains.

Abstract: One or both surfaces of a uniformly and completely textured polyimide sheet are coated with a layer of electroless nickel or cobalt and a subsequent layer of electrolytically applied copper yielding an adhesiveless laminate useful in the production of electronic circuitry. The copper and nickel or cobalt layers are strongly bonded to the textured polyimide sheet to the extent that the laminate exceeds bond strength requirements as measured by current standard peel strength tests of the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) for both initial and post solder float adhesion.

Abstract: An optomagnetic recording medium utilizing both rare earth metals and transition metals in the optomagnetic recording system. From 15 to 35 atomic % of the recording medium on the nonmagnetic base consists of one of the rare earth metals gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) or dysprosium (Dy) with the balance being an alloyed mixture of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and germanium (Ge). The optomagnetic recording material of the present invention has an increased phase transition temperature without a rise in its Curie point, and provides satisfactory recording and erasing under temperature conditions up to near the Curie point.

Abstract: A magnetic alloy thin film consisting essentially of a first Fe-Al-Si or Fe-Ni alloy thin film of high permeability and a second Fe-Si alloy thin film directly formed on the first thin film and having high saturation magnetic flux density. The ratio in thickness of the first and second films is preferably in the range of from 1:0.1 to 2.

Abstract: A magnetooptical recording medium of an amorphous magnetic alloy film of a composition which as an axis of easy magnetization in a direction perpendicular to the film surface represented by I, II or III:[(GdTb).sub.1-y (FeCo).sub.y ].sub.1-p Cr.sub.p (I)wherein 0.5.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.9 and 0.001.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.0.3;(GdTbFe).sub.1-(p+q) Cr.sub.p X.sub.q (II)wherein X can be either silicon or aluminum; p.gtoreq.0.001, q.gtoreq.0.001 and (p+q).ltoreq.0.3; or[(GdTb).sub.1-y (FeCo).sub.y ].sub.1-(p+q) Cr.sub.p X.sub.q (III)wherein X can be either silicon or aluminum, 0.5.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.9, p>0.001, q.gtoreq.0.001 and (p+q).ltoreq.0.3.

Abstract: A vertical magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic substrate, a permalloy film consisting of plural permalloy layers separated by at least one non-magnetic layer placed therein, each of said plurality of permalloy layers being 2000 .ANG. or less thick, and a Co-Cr vertical magnetization film formed on the permalloy film directly or through another non-magnetic layer.

Abstract: A composite compact component made of a composite compact consisting of a diamond or BN powder bonded to a hard sintered alloy base during a sintering operation, and a substrate composed of steel or a hard sintered alloy bonded to the base of the composite compact through a high strength filler metal or alloy having a melting point of at least the liquidus point of the hard sintered alloy base. A process of making set composite compact component is also disclosed as well as a drill bit containing said composite compact component and variations thereof.

Abstract: Low temperature regime hot corrosion of superalloy components in gas turbines is reduced by the application thereover of cobalt-chromium alloys, the chromium content of such coatings (final composition) being in the 37.5-50 weight percent range. To the extent practicable, aluminum content in these coatings is kept to a minimum. In any event, during the annealing step some small amount at least of aluminum migrates from the superalloy into the coating. At completion of the annealing operation, the alluminum content at the exterior surface of the final coating, however, is to be less than the concentration of aluminum that will form a continuous film of aluminum oxide.

Abstract: A thin film metal alloy medium for vertical recording has a magnetic film structure of individual films, each film being made up of a non-magnetic layer and a magnetic layer. In a preferred embodiment of the medium, each of the layers is a cobalt-chromium-tantalum (CoCrTa) alloy, the tantalum concentration being varied in the different layers in order to provide either the non-magnetic or the magnetic properties to the layers. The medium also includes a soft magnetic underlayer film structure between the substrate and the magnetic film structure to provide a magnetic flux return path. Each film in the underlayer film structure comprises a CoCrTa non-magnetic layer and a CoCrTa magnetic layer, each magnetic layer being sufficiently thin such that the underlayer film structure exhibits in-plane magnetization with no perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel nickel-base single crystal alloy compositions consisting essentially of, by weight, about 8.0-14.0% chromium, 1.5-6.0% cobalt, 0.5-2.0% molybdenum, 3.0-10.0% tungsten, 2.5-7.0% titanium, 2.5-7.0% aluminum, 3.0-6.0% tantalum and the balance nickel.A combination of thermal treatment and coating of the novel alloys to enhance their mechanical properties is also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk includes a silicon substrate which is extremely flat and essentially asperity-free. A nonmagnetic underlayer is deposited on the silicon to enhance the magnetic performance of the magnetic layer which is deposited on the underlayer. A protective nonmagnetic overlayer is deposited on the magnetic layer.

Abstract: An improved magneto-optical recording medium and a method of making the same, the medium including a substrate base and a magneto-optical recording layer formed on the base and composed of a plurality of layers each of which contains a rare earth metal and a transition metal. The relative concentration ratio between the rare earth metal and the transition metal in the layers varies cyclically in the direction of the thickness of the magneto-optical recording layer. The recording medium is conveniently manufactured by simultaneously depositing the transition metal and the rare earth metal by co-sputtering the two metals on a base and providing relative movement between the base and the metal sources during co-sputtering to produce the multilayer recording structure.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium conventionally utilizes the in-plane magnetization mode, but recently the perpendicular magnetization mode utilizing the perpendicular anisotropy of an hcp cobalt alloy layer, in which the C axis is oriented perpendicular to the layer surface, has been proposed. The known perpendicular magnetic recording medium is produced by means of RF sputtering and comprises a Permalloy layer, as layer of a low coercive-force material, between the nonmagnetic base and the hcp cobalt alloy layer. The perpendicular anisotropy attained by the present invention is very excellent and is superior to that of a perpendicular recording medium having no Permalloy layer because a Co-Ta alloy is used as the layer of a low coercive-force material.

Abstract: A vertical magnetic recording media has a ternary alloy magnetic layer deposited on an intermetallic compound nucleating layer. In one example the intermetallic phase of cobalt and tungsten, which occurs at a discrete stoichiometric ratio of 3 to 1, i.e. Co.sub.3 W, forms a nucleating layer deposited on the media substrate. A magntic layer of (CoCr).sub.90 W.sub.10 is formed on the nucleating layer. Both the nucleating layer and the magnetic layer have a hexagonal crystalline structure with hexagonal cell constants which are related by an integral multiple. The film structure has minimal C-axis dispersion and an excellent ratio of perpendicular to horizontal coercivities.

Abstract: High performance alloy structures are improved in corrosion and erosion and wear resistance characteristics by the incorporation of an interdispersed phase and a ternary or quaternary alloy of platinum, rhodium or palladium, the alloy base metal and an alloying element such as aluminum in the structure surface with the use of relatively less of the precious metals for a given depth of case by virtue of the conjoint incorporation of the interdispersed phase.

Abstract: The present invention describes coating processes and the resultant coated articles for use in high temperature sodium environments, such as those found in liquid metal fast breeder reactors and their associated systems. The substrate to which the coating is applied may be either an iron base or nickel base alloy. The coating itself is applied to the substrate by electro-spark deposition techniques which result in metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. One coating according to the present invention involves electro-spark depositing material from a cemented chromium carbide electrode and an aluminum electrode. Another coating according to the present invention involves electro-spark depositing material from a cemented chromium carbide electrode and a nickel-base hardfacing alloy electrode.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium particularly for perpendicular magnetization comprising a non-magnetic substrate and a magnetic thin film formed on the surface thereof and including at least two layers, a lower layer with low coercive force and high permeability, for example, of permalloy is sputtered on the substrate and an upper layer for perpendicular recording, for example, of cobalt-chromium alloy is sputtered on the lower layer, and the average grain diameter of the lower layer is less than one half of that of the upper layer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic-recording medium wherein an amorphous alloy layer of nickel and phosphorus is formed on a disc substrate; the surface of the alloy layer is smoothed with high precision; and a ferromagnetic Co-based perpendicular magnetic-recording layer is formed on the smoothed surface of the alloy layer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium free from spike noise having a high permeability magnetic material film, an antiferromagnetic material film and a perpendicularly oriented magnetic material film formed on a substrate in this order. Another high permeability magnetic material film may be formed between the antiferromagnetic material film and the perpendicularly oriented magnetic material film. During the formation of the antiferromagnetic material film, a magnetic field is applied in a direction of a track width.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement on material of a shroud for gas turbines. The material comprises 0.25-0.7 wt % C, 20-35 wt % Cr, 20-40 wt % Ni and balance Fe, and has an austenitic structure. The amount of the .sigma.-phase in this invention is less than 5% and Nv value (Electron Vacancy Number) is less than 2.8.

Abstract: A magnetic film structure comprises at least one magnetic film unit wherein a plurality of main magnetic films of 0.05 to 0.5 .mu.m thickness made of a magnetic alloy containing iron or cobalt as principal constituent and having a high saturation magnetic induction of 10,000 gauss or more and a magnetostriction of 10.sup.-6 or less are laminated through intermediate magnetic films made of a magnetic material such as a nickel and iron alloy or amorphous magnetic alloy different from that of the main magnetic film and being so thin that the influence of coercive force of the intermediate magnetic film does not come out. A plurality of the magnetic film units are also laminated through non-magnetic insulating films. The magnetic film structure has high saturation magnetic induction and low coercive force.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium composed of a base material, a 1st magnetic thin layer formed on the base material, and a perpendicularly magnetizable 2nd magnetic thin layer formed on the 1st magnetic thin layer, wherein the 1st magnetic thin layer is composed of a Co-base ternary amorphous alloy containing small amounts of Hf and Ta.

Abstract: Surface-treated steel strips suitable for electric resistance welding are prepared by forming a first layer of iron-nickel alloy on a steel strip, said first layer having a weight ratio of Ni/(Fe+Ni) in the range between 0.02 and 0.50 and a thickness of 10 to 5,000 angstroms, forming a second layer of tin or iron-tin-nickel alloy on said first layer by tin plating to a coating weight of 0.1 to 1 g/m.sup.2 of tin and optionally, causing the tin to reflow, and forming a third layer on said second layer by effecting an electrolytic chromate treatment, said third layer consisting essentially of metallic chromium and hydrated chromium oxide in a total amount of 5 to 20 mg/m.sup.2 calculated as elemental chromium. More preferably, the electrolytic chromate treatment is controlled such that at least 2 mg/m.sup.2 of metallic chromium is present in the third layer.

Abstract: A process for forming a wear-resistant, sintered layer on an iron based substrate which comprises steps of providing a first alloy sheet containing 94 to 99 weight % of Fe-Cr type alloy particles and 6 to 1 weight % of acryl binder and a second alloy sheet containing 94 to 99 weight % of eutectic alloy particles and 6 to 1 weight % of acryl binder, placing the first and second alloy sheets in a superposed condition on the substrate, and heating in a non-oxidating atmosphere to a temperature which is higher than a solidus temperature of the eutectic alloy but lower than a solidus temperature of the Fe-Cr type alloy.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a support, a first layer formed on the support by evaporating cobalt or its alloy by an oblique-incidence vacuum evaporation technique, and a second plated layer made of cobalt or its alloy and formed by a wet plating. The cobalt alloy for the first layer substantially consists of, aside from cobalt, up to 30 wt % of Ni, Fe, Cu, W, Cr, Ru or a mixture thereof. On the other hand, the cobalt alloy for the second layer substantially consists of up to 40 wt % of Ni, up to 8 wt % of P and the balance of Co.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions are described for the protection of superalloys at elevated temperatures. The coatings are of the MCrAlY type where M is nickel or cobalt and are significantly improved by the addition of from 0.1-7% silicon and 0.1-2% hafnium. Coatings of the invention are preferably applied by plasma spraying and as so applied are found to be substantially more effective than prior art coatings.

Abstract: A thermal spray composite is disclosed, comprised of a base constituent formed from at least one of the base metals nickel, iron and cobalt, and at least one of the modifying elements chromium and aluminum, plus individual constituents aluminum, cobalt and, optionally, molybdenum. In a preferred form, the composite is a powder having an alloy core of the base metal and the modifying element, the core having fine particles of the individual elements secured thereto with a binder. The process of thermal spraying the composite is also disclosed, and the resulting coatings have a high degree of high temperature corrosion resistance and tenacity compared to prior art thermal sprayed coatings.

Abstract: An improved magneto-optical recording medium and a method of making the same, the medium including a substrate base and a magneto-optical recording layer formed on the base and composed of a plurality of layers each of which contains a rare earth metal and a transition metal. The relative concentration ratio between the rare earth metal and the transition metal in the layers varies cyclically in the direction of the thickness of the magneto-optical recording layer. The recording medium is conveniently manufactured by simultaneously depositing the transition metal and the rare earth metal by co-sputtering the two metals on a base and providing relative movement between the base and the metal sources during co-sputtering to produce the multilayer recording structure.

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of about 0 to about 25 atom percent cobalt, 0 to about 30 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 5 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 2 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon, and 0 to about 5 atom percent carbon, the balance being iron and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate having a hard and corrosion-proof coating thereon. The coating includes a thin metallic layer having an ultrafine distribution of hard materials and a particular compact morphology.

Abstract: The use of an alloy composed of 15 to 19% by weight of Cr, 5 to 32.5% by weight of Mo, 0.3 to 10% by weight of Si, up to 10% by weight of Al and up to 4.5% by weight of Ti, the remainder being Ni, as a sliding material for seals on rotary regenerative heat exchangers with a ceramic core is described. The sliding material is suitable especially for use in temperature ranges up to about 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which comprises a first layer formed on a substrate and comprising Co; Co and Ni; Co and O; or Co, Ni and O, and a second magnetic layer formed on the first magnetic layer and comprising Co and Cr at a weight ratio of Co/Cr being from 2.5 to 8.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which comprises a magnetic layer formed on a substrate and comprising Co, or Co and one to three elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr and O, said magnetic layer comprising sequentially from the substrate side, a first portion composed of crystal particles which are not inclined relative to the normal line of the principal plane of the substrate, a second portion composed of columnar crystal particles which are inclined relative to the normal line of the principal plane of the substrate, and a third portion composed of crystal particles which are not inclined relative to the normal line of the principal plane of the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic substrate on which a first bismuth Bi under layer, a first magnetic metal layer, a compound layer made of the magnetic metal, a second bismuth Bi under layer and a second magnetic metal layer are sequentially formed in this order.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic substrate, a bismuth layer of less than 100 .ANG. thick formed on one major surface of the non-magnetic substrate and a magnetic metal thin film formed on the bismuth layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed which includes a non-magnetic substrate, a first layer made of bismuth formed on the substrate in a discontinuous island shape, and a ferromagnetic metal layer formed over the first layer and the substrates and also a magnetic recording medium is disclosed which includes a non-magnetic substrate, a first layer formed continuously covering the substrate made of amorphous silicon and/or silicon compound, a second layer made of bismuth formed on the substrate in a discontinuous island shape and a ferromagnetic metal layer formed over the first and second layers.

Abstract: High-temperature protection layer of an alloy with a base of aluminum, chromium and nickel, particularly for structural gas-turbine elements of an austenitic material. The base material of the alloy contains at least 8 to 12 atom % aluminum and 28 to 28 atom % chromium with the remainder nickel, and at least silicon and titanium are admixed to the base material as additives such that at a temperature below 900.degree. C., a passive cover layer of chromium oxide, and at a temperature above 900.degree. C., a passive cover layer of aluminum oxide is developed on the applied alloy.

Abstract: A centrifugally cast double-layer tube with resistance to carbon deposition, comprising an inner layer of a specific metallic material containing 1-10 wt % of Al and an outer layer of a heat resisting metallic material, can be applied to apparatuses for treating a fluid, containing hydrocarbons, their derivatives, or carbon monoxide, at elevated temperatures and to piping for transferring the fluid without carbon deposition on its inside surface, because the surface of said inner layer is oxidized to form a firm Al-containing oxide film prior to and/or during the treatment of the fluid, and also a sufficient strength and ductility of the tube are preserved by the support of the outer layer of said tube.

Abstract: An oxide thermal barrier coating comprises ZrO.sub.3 --Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 that is plasma sprayed onto a previously applied bond coating. The zirconia is partially stabilized with about 12.4 w/o ytterbia to insure cubic, monoclinic, and tetragonal phases.

Abstract: A high temperature oxidation resistant alloy of MCrAlY, where M is a base metal comprising iron, cobalt, nickel or a combination thereof, is formed by laser cladding of a coating layer to a substrate.

Abstract: A composite structure of thin films including alternating layers of relatively high conductivity metals and low conductivity metals to combine the effects of reflection and absorption and thereby maximize the attenuation of the structure. Additionally, a similar structure of layers of materials with differing magnetic permeabilities may be used for the same purpose.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has plural magnetic layers on a non-magnetic substrate. The magnetic particles are orientated in substantially the same tilt direction for major axes of the particles in each magnetic layer and in cross tilt directions for major axes of the particles in the adjacent magnetic layers.

Abstract: A recording medium comprises a first layer prepared from a material of perpendicular anisotropy, a second layer prepared from a compound of noncrystalline rare earth metal--3d transition metal and deposited on said first layer, and a transparent protective layer and mounted on said second layer. Data is magnetically recorded on the recording medium and the recorded data is optically read by utilizing the magneto-optics effects.

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of about 0 to about 25 atom percent cobalt, 0 to about 30 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 5 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 2 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon, and 0 to about 5 atom percent carbon, the balance being iron and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total or iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous, ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of 0 to about 32 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 10 atom percent iron, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 2 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 5 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon and 0 to about 2 atom percent manganese and 0 to 5 atom percent carbon the balance being cobalt and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous, ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of 0 to about 25 atom percent cobalt, 0 to about 20 atom percent iron, 0 to about 15 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 16 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 5 atom percent molybdenum, about 2 to about 20 atom percent boron, 0 to about 10 atom percent silicon and 0 to about 5 atom percent carbon, the balance being nickel and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile hardfacing foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, and imparts superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic high-molecular film and at least one magnetic layer containing Co, Ni, Cr and oxygen and formed on the non-magnetic high-molecular film by an oblique incidence vacuum deposition method. The Cr content is within the range of 2 to 8 atom %, the content of oxygen is within the range of 5 to 25 atom %, and the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of Cr atoms is within the range of 2:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: High-temperature protection layer consisting of an alloy with a base of chromium, aluminum and cobalt, particularly for gas turbine parts of an austenitic material, characterized by the feature that at least silicon is admixed to the base material as an additive.

Abstract: Structure coated with graded ceramic material and methods of coating application are disclosed. Techniques for maintaining low stress to strength ratios across the depth of the coating are discussed.In one particular structure the coating is applied to a metal substrate (12) and comprises a metallic bond coat (14), a first interlayer (16) of metal/ceramic material, a second interlayer (18) of metal/ceramic material having an increased proportion of ceramic and an all ceramic layer. Modulation of the metal substrate temperature during the coating process establishes a desired residual stress pattern in the part.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions are described for the protection of superalloys at elevated temperatures. The coatings are of the MCrAlY type where M is nickel or cobalt and are significantly improved by the addition of from 0.1-7% silicon and 0.1-2% hafnium. Coatings of the invention are preferably applied by plasma spraying and as so applied are found to be substantially more effective than prior art coatings.