Abstract: A cathode of sufficiently low hydrogen overvoltage is provided which is useful in electrolysis of water or of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution such as a sodium chloride solution. A process for producing the cathode is also provided. The low hydrogen overvoltage cathode has an electroconductive base material coated with an alloy layer containing nickel and molybdenum, the alloy layer containing the nickel at a content ranging from 35 to 90% by weight and the molybdenum at a content ranging from 10 to 65% by weight. The alloy laser has an X-ray diffraction (CuK.alpha. line) pattern with a main peak at an angle ranging from 42 to 45.degree. with a peak half width ranging from 0.4 to 7.degree.. One process for producing the low hydrogen overvoltage cathode of the present invention involves plating an electroconductive base material by an arc discharge type ion plating method.

Abstract: Borides generally can produce a cell with a high energy density. High power densities are also achievable using borides that are reasonably good conductors of electricity. High density is important to achieve high energy density. Another important factor is lower molecular weight per available electron. The borides generally provide a favorable balance of these factors compared to a number of other materials, such as lithium or zinc. Individual borides have other important characteristics. Titanium diboride is safe.

Abstract: This invention provides a hydrogen occluding alloy exhibiting high absorption/desorption rates, and excellent initial activation, the alloy having a composition comprising, by wt %, 25% to 45% of Zr, 1% to 12% of Ti, 10% to 20 % of Mn, 2% to 12% of V, 0.5% to 5% of at least one rare earth element, preferably comprising La and/or Ce, optionally 0.1% to 4% of Hf, and a balance being Ni (25% or more of Ni) and unavoidable impurities. The alloy has a structure comprising: a main phase made of a Zr--Ni--Mn based alloy, numerous cracks, and a regenerated phase made of rare earth element-Ni type alloy, the regenerated phase being exposed on the surfaces of the cracks, as well as electrodes made of the alloy.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a container; an electrolyte held within e container, a first electrode positioned in the electrolyte; and a second electrode having a beryllium compound coating. The second electrode is positioned in the electrolyte and generally centered within the first electrode. The second electrode is made of a material selected from the group that includes palladium, AB.sub.2 alloys, and AB.sub.5 alloys, where A represents magnesium, zirconium, and lanthanum, and B represents vanadium, chromium, manganese, or nickel. The beryllium compound coating is formed by charging the second electrode in the presence of a beryllium salt.

Abstract: A nickel-hydrogen energy storage cell includes a hermetic pressure vessel having a wall made of a nickel-base alloy, and a hollow tube made at least in part of palladium and joined to the wall of the pressure vessel such that an interior of the hollow tube is in communication with an interior of the pressure vessel. A heater controllably heats at least a portion of the hollow tube to increase the diffusion rate of hydrogen through the wall of the hollow tube and thereby controllably vent hydrogen from the pressure vessel. The energy storage cell further includes at least one plate set within the wall of the pressure vessel, an electrolyte, and a pair of electrical leads extending from the at least one plate set and through an electrical feedthrough in the wall of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: To provide a hydrogen storage alloy usable as a negative electrode having a long life and good high-discharge characteristics. Hydrogen storage alloy for cell wherein its general expression is as follows:RNi.sub.a Co.sub.b Al.sub.c Mn.sub.d Fe.sub.e(where R is a mixture of rare earth elements and contains 25.about.75 wt. % La; 3.7.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.4.0, 0.1.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.4, 0.20.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.4, 0.30.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.0.45, 0.2.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.0.4, 0.5.ltoreq.b+c.ltoreq.0.7, and 5.0.ltoreq.a+b+c+d+e.ltoreq.5.0).

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen absorbing alloy suitable for a negative electrode of an Ni--hydrogen storage battery effective at low temperature, more specifically, a R--Ni type of hydrogen absorbing alloy represented by a general formula RNi.sub.a Co.sub.b Al.sub.c M.sub.d, and with Mo content of 50 to 500 ppm wherein R expresses not less than 18 wt % Pr and one or more metals other than Pr, Ni, Co, Al and M, and M expresses one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Mn, and a to d expresses positive numbers in the specified range Moreover, the above alloy further containing trace amounts of Mg, Ti, Pb, oxygen, carbon, and/or sulfur is provided.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy electrode for use in electrochemical hydrogen storage cells, the electrode being in the form of a negative electrode fabricated by sintering a mixture of a hydrogen storage alloy containing manganese and an alloy containing a measured amount of manganese.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen occluding alloy exhibiting high hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, and excellent initial activation in practical use, and a method of making it. There is provided a hydrogen occluding alloy having a composition comprising, by wt %, 32 to 38% of rare earth elements essentially consisting of La and/or Ce, 0.5 to 3.5% of Al, 0.5 to 10% of Mn, 0.005 to 0.5% of hydrogen, optionally 0.1 to 17% of Co, and the balance being Ni and unavoidable impurities; wherein the alloy has a microstructure characterized in that fine rare earth element hydride is dispersively distributed in a matrix having a CaCu.sub.5 -type crystal structure in a ratio of 0.5 to 20% by area. There are also provided electrodes and batteries containing such alloys, and methods of making and using such electrodes and batteries.

Abstract: An at least ternary metal alloy of the formula AB.sub.(Z-Y) X.sub.(Y) is disclosed. In this formula, A is selected from the rare earth elements, B is selected from the elements of Groups 8, 9, and 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and X includes at least one of the following: antimony, arsenic, germanium, tin or bismuth. Z is greater than or equal to 4.8 and less than or equal to 6.0. Y is greater than 0 and less than 1. Ternary or higher-order substitutions to the base AB.sub.5 alloys that form strong kinetic interactions with the predominant metals in the base metal hydride are used to form metal alloys with high structural integrity after multiple cycles of hydrogen sorption.

Abstract: This invention provides a hydrogen occluding alloy having a composition comprising, by wt %, 25% to 45% of Zr, 1% to 12% of Ti, 10% to 20% of Mn, 2% to 12% of V, 0.5% to 5% of at least one rare earth element, optionally 0.1% to 4% of Hf, one or more selected from hydrogen, hydrogen+oxygen, and oxygen, and a balance being Ni (25% or more of Ni) and unavoidable impurities, having a structure comprising: a phase made of a hydrogenated-product, dispersedly distributed in a matrix phase made of a Zr--Ni--Mn based alloy. The hydrogenated-product mainly comprises a rare earth element-Ni type alloy and a rare earth element hydride with numerous cracks formed at the time when the hydrogenated-product phase is generated. The hydrogenated-product phase is formed by exposing a hydrogen-containing substance on the surfaces of the cracks. Electrodes made of the alloy are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrogen storage alloy electrode comprising the step of treating a hydrogen storage alloy by immersing it in an alkaline solution containing cobalt ion or copper ion at a high temperature at a stage wherein the alloy is in powder state before formed into an electrode and/or at a stage wherein the alloy has been formed into an electrode. By this treatment, a hydrogen storage alloy electrode having an excellent high-rate discharge performance at a low temperature is obtained.

Abstract: A hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode contains an alloy which comprises particles A of a first hydrogen absorbing alloy and particles B of a second hydrogen absorbing alloy of a composition different from the composition of the first alloy joined to the particles A, with a joint layer C formed at the resulting joint interfaces and having a new composition containing the component elements of the first and second alloys. In a specific embodiment, particles A of a first hydrogen absorbing alloy having a CaCu.sub.5 -type structure are joined to particles B of a second hydrogen absorbing alloy having a Zr--Ni Laves-phase structure. In another embodiment, particles A of a first hydrogen absorbing alloy having a CaCu.sub.5 -type structure are joined to particles B of a second hydrogen absorbing alloy having a CaCu.sub.5 -type structure and different form the first alloy in composition.

Abstract: A nickel-hydrogen battery cell is provided with a pressure vessel made up of upper and lower vessel elements. The lower vessel element has a flange section on the outer wall thereof. A coil heater is attached to the flange section. The temperature of the pressure vessel is controlled by heating the flange section by means of the coil heater. The pressure vessel is assembled with reference to a fixing plate by coupling the flange section to the surface of the fixing plate.

Abstract: A hydrogen-absorbing alloy for battery according to the present invention comprises an alloy having the composition represented by a general formula A Ni.sub.a Mn.sub.b M.sub.c ?where, A is at least one kind of element selected from rare earth elements including Y (yttrium), M is a metal mainly composed of at least one kind of element selected from Co, Al, Fe, Si, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zr, Zn, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Ag, Pd, B, Ga, In, Ge and Sn, 3.5.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.5, 0.1.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.1, 4.5.ltoreq.a+b+c.ltoreq.6!, wherein the alloy has columnar structures in which the area ratio of the columnar structures having the ratio of a minor diameter to a major diameter (aspect ratio) of 1:2 or higher is 50% or more. Further, an average minor diameter of the columnar structures is set to 30 microns or less.

Abstract: Disordered multicomponent hydrogen storage material characterized by extraordinarily high storage capacity due to a high density of useable hydrogen storage sites (greater than 10.sup.23 defect sites/cc) and/or an extremely small crystallite size. The hydrogen storage material can be employed for electrochemical, fuel cell and gas phase applications. The material may be selected from either of the modified LaNi.sub.5 or modified TiNi families formulated to have a crystallite size of less than 200 Angstroms and most preferably less than 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: An electrical terminal provides an electrical interconnection between the exterior and the interior of the pressure vessel of an energy storage cell. The terminal includes an external electrical conductor exterior to the pressure vessel and an internal electrical conductor within the interior of the pressure vessel. An electrically nonconductive support mounts the electrical conductors to the wall of the pressure vessel. The two electrical conductors are cooperatively engaged, preferably by matching threads. A compliant seal is positioned between the external electrical conductor and the internal electrical conductor, on the one hand, and the wall of the pressure vessel, on the other, and a biasing washer set applies a force between the seal and the electrical conductors to maintain hermeticity in the event that the seal deforms during service.

Abstract: A secondary battery has a cylindrically wound laminate made up of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator plate interposed therebetween. The wound laminate is enclosed within a protective can, which also encloses a volume of electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a support member, an electrolytically active substance disposed on at least one surface of the support member, and a supplementary support embedded in the electrolytically active substance. The supplementary support is in the form of an electrically conductive network formed from a plurality of entangled and interconnected conductive members, and is used to improve the electrical conductivity of negative electrode.

Abstract: A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery comprising, a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide, a negative electrode containing a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and containing olefin-containing-polymer based fibers having an ion-exchange group, and an alkaline electrolyte having a normality of 5 or more in concentration, wherein the separator satisfies the following equation (1):{0.409-(X/55)}.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.{0.636+(2X/55)} (1)where X is a chemical equivalent of alkaline electrolyte per 1 Ah of battery capacity (meq/Ah) and Y is an ion-exchange capacity of the separator per 1 Ah of battery capacity (meq/Ah).

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and method for producing same. The cell includes a metal anode, a non aqueous liquid cathode solution, an electrolyte dissolved in the non aqueous liquid cathode solution, a porous carbon current collector, a separator disposed between said anode and said porous carbon current collector, and a non-porous current collector disposed adjacent the porous current collector for conducting current from the porous current collector to the cell pole, the non-porous current collector being characterized in that its surface adjacent the porous current collector is made essentially of non-porous carbon.

Abstract: A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery is disclosed wherein a long life is assured, an improved self-discharging property in a high temperature storage and the inhibition of increase in inner pressure of the battery in the occasion of over-charging can be realized. The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery comprises, a case, a paste-type positive electrode accommodated in the case and containing nickel hydroxide and a polymeric binder, a paste-type negative electrode accommodated in the case and containing a hydrogen-absorbing alloy and a polymeric binder, a separator accommodated in the case in so as to be interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, and an alkali electrolyte accommodated in the case.

Abstract: A gas-tight maintenance-free cell or battery comprises positive nickel oxide electrodes having a fibrous structure, gas-impermeable separators, a fixed alkaline electrolyte, negative metal electrodes having a fibrous structure and a higher charging and discharging capacity than in the case of the positive electrodes, and electroconductive gas diffusion compartments. The cell operating according to the oxygen cycle. The metallized fibrous-structure electrode frameworks of the negative electrodes are filled with the active material only in certain zones. Those zones of the fibrous-structure electrode frameworks of the negative electrode which are not filled with the active material, serve as gas diffusion zones, integrated into the frameworks, for the oxygen to be discharged at the negative electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a hydrogen-occluding alloy electrode comprising an alloy powder wherein the alloy comprises a Ti-V solid solution mother phase and a secondary phase predominantly containing a Ti-Ni phase or an AB.sub.2 Laves phase in which the secondary phase forms a three-dimensional reticulate skeleton in the alloy; said hydrogen-occluding alloy powder surface-treated with hydrofluoric acid, to provide a titanium hydride surface and surface-coated with at least one metal of Ni, Cu and Co.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy electrode for use in electro-chemical hydrogen storage cells, the electrode being in the form of a negative electrode fabricated by sintering a mixture of a hydrogen storage alloy containing manganese and an alloy containing a measured amount of manganese.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrogen-absorbing alloy for battery comprising a rapidly-quenched alloy having the composition represented by a general formula ANi.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c T.sub.d (where, A is composed of La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Y, an amount of La content in A is 50-99 wt %, an amount of Ce content is 1-30 wt %, an amount of Pr content is 0-10 wt %, an amount of Nd content is 0-10 wt % and an amount of Y content is 0-10 wt %; M is at least one element selected from Co, Fe and Cu; M' is at least one element selected from Mn and Al; T is at least one element selected from B, Si, S, Cr, Ga, Ge, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Bi, P, V, Nb, Ta and W; and a, b, c and d are atomic ratios and satisfy 3.2.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.4.0, 0.4.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.1.0, 0.3.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.8, 0.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.0.2, 4.9.ltoreq.a+b+c+d.ltoreq.5.4), characterized in that a hydrogen equilibrium pressure when the number of hydrogen atoms absorbed by one atom of the alloy at a temperature of 60.degree. C. is 0.4 is 0.05-0.6 atm.

Abstract: A nickel positive electrode for an alkaline storage battery having an improved utilization is disclosed. It comprises a nickel hydroxide powder and a cobalt hydroxide powder, wherein the cobalt hydroxide powder has a specific surface area of 10 m.sup.2 /g or larger and a particle diameter of one-half or less of that of the nickel hydroxide powder. A nickel-metal hydroxide storage battery having this nickel positive electrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: To provide an improved high-temperature cycle lifetime, an alloy for use as active material for the negative electrode of an alkaline, rechargeable nickel-metal hydride battery has the compositionMm.sub.1-u E.sub.u Ni.sub.v Co.sub.w Al.sub.x Mn.sub.y M.sub.z, whereMm is a misch metal including La and Ce, and which can further include Pr, Nd and/or other lanthanides,E is Ti and/or Zr, with 0.01.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.0.1, andM is Fe and/or Cu, with 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.4, wherein0.2.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.4,0.3.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5,0.2.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.4, and4.9.ltoreq.v+w+x+y+z.ltoreq.5.1.

Abstract: This invention provides a method to make a hydrogen storage hydride electrode and a hydride battery, particularly a sealed type, suitable for various temperatures. The battery, according to this invention, is composed of a container, a positive electrode, a negative electrode suitable for various temperatures comprising of at least two hydrogen storage electrode materials and/or their hydrides, a separator positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, and an electrolyte in the container and in contact with the positive and negative electrodes and the separator. The negative electrode is a hydrogen storage hydride electrode which is composed of at least two hydrogen storage electrode alloys having compositions represented by A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c . . . and A'.sub.a' B'.sub.b' C'.sub.c' . . . respectively; where the set of elements: A, B, C, . . . and the set of elements: A', B', C', . . . , both are consisting of 6 to 80 at. % of nickel, preferably 24-55 at.

Abstract: This invention relates to a titanium alloy anode for the electrolytic production of manganese dioxide, wherein the alloy anode is made of titanium as a base metal, and comprises at least three other metals selected from the group consisting of manganese, chromium, iron, silicon, aluminum, cerium, neodymium and mischmetal; the addition of which may be within the range of 8 to 20 weight percent based on the weight of the total composition. The alloy anode, being easy to manufacture and having irregular sectional profiles, is free from severe passivation during electrolytic production using high current density due to its combined properties. The alloy anode, being highly resistant to corrosion by the electrolysis solution, requires no activation treatment during the electrolytic process. The purposefully-designed shapes of the anode permit good attachment of the deposited product layer and prevent the deposition from cracking and peeling-off.

Abstract: A hydrogen occlusion electrode comprising a compact of a mixture powder including a titanium-nickel alloy which contains oxygen.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell, such as a rechargeable lithium battery, having a poly-sulfide compound attached to the cathode provides a reversible cell capacity of at least 200 mAh/g. Fabrication of an electrolytic cell containing a poly-sulfide compound which is electronically conductive and insoluble in a liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: An energy storage cell includes a cylindrical pressure vessel, a porous ceramic coating on the interior surface of the pressure vessel, a plurality of insulating stripes of an electrically insulating polymeric coating on the interior surface of the porous ceramic coating, and a plurality of catalytic stripes of a catalytic material overlying the plurality of insulating stripes. The insulating material is preferably a polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The catalytic material catalyzes the chemical combination of hydrogen and oxygen, and is preferably a mixture of platinum powder, polytetrafluoroethylene, and methocel. The insulating stripes and catalytic stripes lie around the circumference of the cylindrical pressure vessel and extend parallel to the cylindrical axis of the cylindrical pressure vessel. The energy storage cell further includes a plate stack having a plurality of plate sets within the wall of the pressure vessel, with the plate sets lying perpendicular to the cylindrical axis.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method to make a high rate, fast oxygen recombination and long life rechargeable metal oxide-hydride batteries, and in particular, rechargeable nickel-hydride batteries. The battery, according to this invention, is composed of a high rate, fast oxygen recombination and long life hydrogen storage electrode as a negative electrode. The hydrogen storage material is prepared to have a thin oxide top surface layer and a metal-rich subsurface layer, especially a nickel-rich subsurface layer. In the microstructure, it is preferable that it consists of a nickel-rich composition in one type of the grains and/or in grain boundaries. The hydride electrode made has an electrochemical capacity from 1.15 to 2.40 AH/cc. Before or after cell assembly, sealing, and/or using, the hydrogen storage electrode is chemically or electrochemically precharged to a state having a half-cell open circuit potential of -0.790 to -0.905 V vs.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of storing hydrogen gas within an enclosed metal hydride container that is isolated from an apparatus which uses hydrogen gas, including a constricted opening having a valve to selectively open or close the hydrogen gas communication between the hydrogen storage container and the apparatus using the hydrogen. The hydrogen storage material within the hydrogen storage container comprises mixture of metal hydride particles with interspersed water adsorbing particles, such as silica gel dessicant. Optionally included within the hydrogen gas communication between the storage and use may be a filter for filtering out oxygen and water vapor molecules from the hydrogen stream passing into the metal hydride particles, and may comprise a coating on each of the hydrogen absorbing metal hydride particles disposed within the hydrogen storage chamber.

Abstract: A metal current collecting substrate for an air cathode in an electrochemical metal air cell is provided for, wherein the substrate is hardened by one of the steps of sandblasting, shotblasting, plastic deformation of the substrate below the recrystallization temperature range of the metal thereof, and heating the substrate to above the transformation temperature of the metal thereof followed by quenching the substrate below the transformation temperature of the metal thereof. Catalytically active materials, most preferably a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide, are pressed or otherwise disposed upon the hardened substrate. The substrate is capable of being connected to electrical circuitry. Most preferably, the substrate is a metal screen that has been hardened, roughened and pitted by sandblasting before the catalytically active materials are disposed thereupon, and before the substrate is incorporated into an electrochemical metal air cell.

Abstract: An at least ternary metal alloy of the formula, AB.sub.(5-Y)X(.sub.y), is claimed. In this formula, A is selected from the rare earth elements, B is selected from the elements of groups 8, 9, and 10 of the periodic table of the elements, and X includes at least one of the following: antimony, arsenic, and bismuth. Ternary or higher-order substitutions, to the base AB.sub.5 alloys, that form strong kinetic interactions with the predominant metals in the base metal hydride are used to form metal alloys with high structural integrity after multiple cycles of hydrogen sorption.

Abstract: A metal-air battery assembly having plurality of free standing metal-air cells forming a cell group within a battery case assembly. Each free standing cell has flexible, compressible walls capable of containing electrolyte, the walls comprising air cathodes including cathode current distributors. Each cell has a split anode assembly and current. The anode assembly has one or more reactive anode fuel plates and an anode current collector. Each of the cells is free standing and easily replaced. The battery case assembly has a mechanism for compressing the cells when the lid is closed and releasing the cell group for servicing when the lid is open.

Abstract: A method of restoring electrochemical activity to an electrode of a battery. The battery is a bipolar, electrochemical flow battery including a predetermined number of electrochemical cells and an electrolyte. The method includes reversing the direction of the normal cycling current through the battery, and may include lowering the pH of the electrolyte in the battery.

Abstract: An electrode material for a liquid flow-through type electrolytic cell comprising a separator interposed between a pair of collectors counter-opposing each other via a gap, and an electrode material installed in at least one of the flow paths of electrolyte solution formed between said collector and said separator, characterized by having at least one groove in a carbonaceous material sheet. According to the present invention, an electrode having less pressure loss at liquid flow, which permits easy handling, and which has high selectivity for electrochemical reaction and superior electrode activity can be obtained without impairing the fundamental property of an electrode material. The electrode material of the present invention is superior in liquid flowability and is capable of giving the electrolytic cell using this material as an electrode a high battery efficiency and a long service life.

Abstract: A nickel/metal hydride secondary battery which exhibits a minimal amount of self-discharge, the secondary battery having battery cells in which the environment thereof is a gas environment of hydrogen gas or a hydrogen-inert gas mixture.

Abstract: To provide a power generator capable of replacing thermal generators, which is capable of realizing large amounts of power at low cost while using almost no fossil fuels and without polluting the environment.A solution comprising a solvent, which itself does not dissociate, having added thereto a substance which dissociates in the solvent, stored in the interior of a container having an inner surface possessing corrosion resistance and insulating properties, wherein an anode electrode having a small work function and a cathode electrode having a large work function are immersed in a mutually opposing manner in the solution.

Abstract: A positive electrode for use in alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising: a material comprising a compositionally and structurally disordered multiphase nickel hydroxide host matrix which includes at least one modifier.

Abstract: Fabrication of conductive solid porous carbon electrodes for use in batteries, double layer capacitors, fuel cells, capacitive dionization, and waste treatment. Electrodes fabricated from low surface area (<50 m.sup.2 /gm) graphite and cokes exhibit excellent reversible lithium intercalation characteristics, making them ideal for use as anodes in high voltage lithium insertion (lithium-ion) batteries. Electrodes having a higher surface area, fabricated from powdered carbon blacks, such as carbon aerogel powder, carbon aerogel microspheres, activated carbons, etc. yield high conductivity carbon compositives with excellent double layer capacity, and can be used in double layer capacitors, or for capacitive deionization and/or waste treatment of liquid streams. By adding metallic catalysts to be high surface area carbons, fuel cell electrodes can be produced.

Abstract: A hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode for metal hydride alkaline batteries uses as hydrogen-absorbing material a powder of a rare earth element-nickel hydrogen-absorbing alloy obtained by pulverizing thin strips of said alloy prepared by single roll process and having an average thickness of 0.08 to 0.35 mm and a minimum size of crystal grains present in the roll-surface size of at least 0.2 .mu.m and a maximum size of crystal grains in the open-surface side of not more than 20 .mu.m. A process for producing the above electrode is also provided. The electrode can provide, when used as negative electrode, metal hydride alkaline batteries which are excellent in both high-rate discharge characteristics at an initial period of charge-discharge cycles and charge-discharge cycle characteristics.

Abstract: A monophase hydridable material for the negative electrode of a nickel-metal hydride storage battery with a "Lave's phase" structure of hexagonal C14 type (MgZn.sub.2) has the general formula:Zr.sub.1-x Ti.sub.x Ni.sub.a Mn.sub.b Al.sub.c Co.sub.d V.sub.

Abstract: A hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode for metal hydride alkaline batteries is obtained by coating or filling a collector with a hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder consisting essentially of spherical particles and/or nearly spherical particles and then sintering the powder, the powder having an average particle diameter of 30 to 70 .mu.m and containing 5 to 30% by volume of particles having a diameter of at least 2 times the average diameter and 10 to 40% by volume of particles having a diameter of not more than 1/2 of the average diameter. This electrode can give metal hydride alkaline batteries having excellent high-rate discharge characteristics and a long life.

Abstract: Heat treating the inner, contact surface of an electrochemical cell casing in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air to render the inner surface thereof essentially contamination free and suitable as a current collector, is described. The casing is preferably of stainless steel and houses the alkali metal-halogen couple in a case-positive configuration. The oxidized cases are ready for cell assembly upon cooling and cell electrical performance is maintained without the need for wet chemical treatment of any kind.

Abstract: A module for liquid electrolyte, electric energy storing devices. The module includes a double-walled container having an innerwall and an outerwall and a rim. The container includes a first well for holding liquid electrolyte electric energy storing devices and which is defined by the inner wall. The container also includes a first electrolyte reservoir having a shelf and a lid for covering the first reservoir. The innerwall and outerwall define a second electrolyte reservoir which surrounds the first electrolyte reservoir so that the first and second reservoirs are in nested relationship. The reservoirs are designed so that a physical puncture of the module will cause the electrolyte from the first reservoir to mix with the electrolyte from the second before it leaks from the module.

Abstract: An inorganic electrolyte rechargeable electrical storage cell is shown which makes use of non-metallic electrodes in combination with an inorganic electrolyte that includes sulfur dioxide. The electrolyte can be for example a lithium and/or a calcium tetrachloroaluminate salt in sulfur dioxide. The anode of the cell is made of a carbon for example a graphite while the cathode is produced from a carbon having a relatively much higher surface area.

Abstract: The invention provides a zinc battery anode, comprising a substantially planar skeletal frame including conductive metal and having a portion of its surface area formed as open spaces, and further comprising an active zinc anode component encompassing the skeletal frame, the active anode component being formed of a slurry of porous granules comprising zinc, impregnated with and suspended in an electrolyte, and compacted under pressure to the skeletal frame.