Abstract: A battery including a plurality of bipolar electrodes and non-conductive separators, each having first and second surfaces. A carbon coating is applied on the first surface of each of the plurality of carbon plastic electrodes, and each separator is disposed in spaced, sandwich relation with respect to two of the plurality of electrodes. The electrodes and separators define a plurality of electrochemical cells, including a plurality of anodic half-cells, and a plurality of cathodic half-cells. A high surface area carbon material is disposed in, and completely fills, each cathodic half-cell, and an electrolyte is disposed in each half-cell. A spacer is disposed in each anodic half-cell. The spacer may be a mesh or screen made from polymeric material. The spacer may also be an aggregated glass mat.

Abstract: A nickel positive electrode for an alkaline storage battery includes an active material mixture and a conductive support. The active material mixture, which is composed mainly of nickel hydroxide, additionally contains nickel powder, a second powder compound and at least one of cobalt, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxide. The nickel powder has a specific surface area of from 0.1 to 3 m.sup.2 /g and an average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 15 micrometers, and the second powder compound contains at least one element including Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu, Ag or Y. A sealed nickel-hydrogen storage battery may incorporate the nickel positive electrode.

Abstract: A dual air electrode metal-air cell having a casing including an upper cathode mask wall, a lower cathode mask wall, and a plurality of side walls; a metal anode with at least upper and lower sides covered with separator materials; an upper air cathode positioned between the upper cathode mask wall and the separator materials on the upper side of the anode; a lower air cathode positioned between the lower cathode mask wall and the separator materials on the lower side of the anode; a gas vent positioned on one or more of the side walls of the casing; and a liquid electrolyte substantially trapped by the separator materials. The separator materials comprise one ore more layers of an absorbent fibrous web and one or more layers of a microporous membrane that, when wet, is gas-impermeable and liquid-permeable.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises a cell casing defining a negative electrode compartment for containing an alkali metal negative electrode; and a plurality of flat plate solid electrolyte electrode holders in the casing and extending parallel to opposed walls of the casing. Each electrode holder comprises a pair of spaced plates and provides a positive electrode compartment containing a liquid electrolyte, and a positive electrode. The positive electrodes are electrically connected in parallel and define, together with envelopes, a positive plate stack. When the cell is fully charged, the major portion of the liquid alkali metal is contained in the negative electrode compartment outside the positive plate stack. Wicking means for the liquid alkali metal are provided adjacent at least the plates of the holders. The level of the liquid alkali metal remains substantially constant in the wicking means.

Abstract: Metals useful in the formation of hydrides for applications such as batteries are advantageously activated by hydriding/dehydriding process. This process involves repeatedly stepping the potential of metal/metal hydride electrodes in electrochemical cells. The process activates hydrogen-storing materials that are difficult to activate by conventional means.

Abstract: A sealed prismatic metal hydride battery greater than 10 Ah in size comprising a battery case of high thermal conductivity; and at least one bundle of metal hydride electrodes of high thermal conductivity in thermal contact with said battery case. Batteries according to the invention prevent the accumulation of heat that can damage nickel metal hydride batteries particularly during overcharge.

Abstract: This invention disclosures a method to make an improved hydrogen/hydride electrode for electro-chemical applications. The method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing the slurry of hydrogen storage material; (2) pasting the slurry onto and/or into a substrate current collector to make a wet pasted electrode; (3) drying the wet pasted electrode; and (4) sintering the pasted electrode. The aforementioned method is very useful for the hydrogen storage alloy comprising of Ti, 2-70 at. %; Zr, 2-70 at. % and Ni, 5-80 at. %. It is also useful for a pseudo AB.sub.5 - or AB.sub.2 -type alloy. In particular, a high capacity hydrogen storage electrode comprising a multicomponent hydrogen storage alloy having composition represented by the formula: Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c Nb.sub.y R.sub.z M.sub.

Abstract: Non-uniform heterogeneous powder particles for electrochemical uses, and said powder particles comprising at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys selected from the group consisting of: Ovonic LaNi.sub.5 type alloys, Ovonic TiNi type alloys, and Ovonic MgNi based alloys.

Abstract: Power density of a sodium/transition metal halide cell, particularly a Na/NiCl.sub.2 cell is enhanced by forming a high area foil nickel chloride electrode such as a film of sintered nickel chloride deposited on an expanded metal screen and folded or coiled into a compact form and immersed in the aluminate salt catholyte disposed within a beta alumina solid electrolyte tube.

Abstract: The present invention discloses four main groups of hydrogen storage/hydride electrode materials for electrochemical applications as the active material of the negative electrode of a hydride battery. The compositions of these four groups are represented by the formulas: (1) Ti.sub.a Nb.sub.b Ni.sub.c R.sub.x D.sub.y Q.sub.p, (2) Ti.sub.a Hf.sub.b Ni.sub.c R.sub.x D.sub.y Q.sub.p, (3) Ti.sub.a Ta.sub.b Ni.sub.c R.sub.x D.sub.y Q.sub.p, (4) Ti.sub.a V.sub.b Ni.sub.c R.sub.x D.sub.y Q.sub.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydrogen absorbing alloy including, comprising the steps of (a) causing a punched metal sheet to run in a slurry of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder, to thereby cause the slurry to be adhered onto the punched metal sheet, the punched metal sheet having a plurality of apertures arranged in a staggered fashion; (b) drying the punched metal sheet on which the slurry has been adhered, to thereby obtain an electrode sheet; (c) cutting the electrode sheet into electrode sheet fragments, each electrode sheet fragment having a first axis and a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, and each electrode sheet fragment having aperture-formed portions and aperture-non-formed portions therein; (d) rolling an electrode sheet fragment in a rolling direction parallel to the first axis of the electrode sheet fragment, the electrode sheet fragment having an aperture array arrangement such that any given line running along the electrode sheet fragment parallel to the second axis of the electrode

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cell structure and a fuel cell that includes at least one cell structure. The cell structure comprises a cell including an electrolyte plate, an anode, and a cathode, the anode being formed on one surface of the electrolyte plate, the cathode being formed on the other surface of the electrolyte plate, an anode terminal electrode connected to the anode electrically, the anode terminal electrode being placed along an edge of the cell structure to be perpendicular with respect to a layered direction in which the cathode, the electrolyte plate, and the anode are layered, a cathode terminal electrode connected to the cathode electrically, the cathode terminal electrode being placed along another edge of the cell structure to be perpendicular with respect to the layered direction, a first gas channel for supplying a reactant gas to the anode in the layered direction, and a second gas channel for supplying the reactant gas to the cathode in the layered direction.

Abstract: A method to make new improved high capacity rechargeable hydride batteries comprising steps of (1) preparing an improved hydrogen storage material represented by the composition formula: A.sub.a B.sub.b Ni.sub.c D.sub.y M.sub.x R.sub.z, where A is one or more element chosen from the group of Ti, Zr, Mg; B is one or more elements chosen from the group of Al, V, Mn, Nb, Si, Pd, and Ag; D is one or more elements chosen from the group of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, W and Sn; R is one or more elements chosen from the group of C, B, Ca, Sb, Bi, Y, Hf, Ta, N, O, Ge, Ga and Mm, where Mm is mischmetal; M is one or more elements chosen from the group of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, P and S; and where a, b, c, y, x and z are defined by: 0.10.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.85, 0.01.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.65, 0.02.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.75, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.30, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.30, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.30 and a+b+c+y+x+z=1.00; (2) preparing a high capacity (1.15-2.

Abstract: A disordered electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy comprising:(Base Alloy).sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c Fe.sub.d Sn.sub.ewhere the Base Alloy comprises 0.1 to 60 atomic percent Ti, 0.1 to 40 atomic percent Zr, 0 to 60 atomic percent V, 0.1 to 57 atomic percent Ni, and 0 to 56 atomic percent Cr; b is 0 to 7.5 atomic percent; c is 13 to 17 atomic percent; d is 0 to 3.5 atomic percent; e is 0 to 1.5 atomic percent; and a+b+c+d+e=100 atomic percent.

Abstract: A molten salt electrolyte/separator for battery and related electrochemical systems including a molten electrolyte composition and an electrically insulating solid salt dispersed therein, to provide improved performance at higher current densities and alternate designs through ease of fabrication.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of storing hydrogen gas within an enclosed metal hydride container that is isolated from an apparatus which uses hydrogen gas, including a constricted opening having a valve to selectively open or close the hydrogen gas communication between the hydrogen storage container and the apparatus using the hydrogen. Also included within the hydrogen gas communication between the storage and use is a filter for filtering out oxygen and water vapor molecules from the hydrogen stream passing from the apparatus using the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage metal hydride. The filter means comprises a thin metal disc or a hydrogen gas permeable elastomeric thin film coating, such as a polyethylene resin or silicone oil, either in the hydrogen stream path or as a coating on each of the hydrogen absorbing metal hydride particles which are disposed within the hydrogen storage chamber.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy electrode comprising, an electrically conductive support made of a punched or perforated metal sheet, a mixture supported on said conductive support and a water-repellent agent for giving a water-repellent property on the surface of the electrode, said mixture including; a hydrogen storage alloy powder, a styrene-butadiene copolymer having a styrene to butadiene weight ratio in a range of 100:30 to 100:100 as a binder, a polymeric material for giving a hydrophilic property inside the electrode, and carbon black for giving a hydrophobic property inside the electrode.

Abstract: The sealing of the top and/or bottom of the cylindrical positive electrode of an air-cell is improved and leakage of the electrolyte from the jellied zinc negative electrode disposed within the positive electrode which is constituted of a collector layer, catalyst layer, and a porous layer is prevented. By utilizing a positive electrode constituted of a metallic collector layer made of a metal mesh or such, a catalyst layer disposed around said collector, and a fluororesin porous layer as an air diffusion layer, an outer cup and an inner cup are pressed on the top of the positive electrode in order to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A novel battery cell is disclosed which is characterized by a metal-organosulfur positive electrode which has one or more metal-sulfur bonds wherein when the positive electrode is charged and discharged, the formal oxidation state of the metal is changed. The positive electrode has the general formula(M'.sup.z.spsp.+.sub.(c/z) [M.sub.q (RS.sub.y).sub.x.sup.c- ]).sub.nwhereinz=1 or 2; y=1 to 20; x=1 to 10; c=0 to 10; n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy for negative electrodes in an alkaline storage battery is disclosed. The alloy is represented by the general formula MmNi.sub.x M.sub.y, wherein Mm is a misch metal or a mixture of rare earth elements, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zr, Ti and V and wherein 5.0.gtoreq.x +y.gtoreq.5.5, and has a microstructure comprising a phase composed of a crystal structure of CaCu.sub.5 type and is capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen in a reversible manner, and at least one phase consisting mainly of an element or elements other than Mm, and incapable of storing hydrogen.

Abstract: A nickel hydroxide electrode useful in an alkaline secondary battery containing at least one of a copper-based additive or a manganese-based additive in either a nickel hydrogen active material as applied to a porous metal substrate, in a porous metal substrate itself, or both. The copper-based additive is at least member of the group consisting of copper, cuprous oxide and cupric oxide. The manganese-based additive is at least member of the group consisting of metal manganese, MnO, Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3, Mn.sub.3 O.sub.4, MnO.sub.2, MnO.sub.3, Mn.sub.2 O.sub.7, Mn(OH).sub.2, MnCO.sub.3, K.sub.2 MnO.sub.2, and KMnO.sub.4. When the additive is used in a positive electrode for an alkaline secondary battery, the rate of absorption of hydrogen gas generated in the battery is accelerated resulting in a reduction of the internal pressure of the battery.

Abstract: A common pressure vessel type Ni-H.sub.2 battery having a thermally conductive rack disposed within the pressure vessel and having an outer wall conforming to and in thermal contact with the inner surface of a cylindrical center wall portion of the pressure vessel and a plurality of fins dividing the rack into a plurality of compartments. A Ni-H.sub.2 battery cell is disposed in each of the compartments in thermal contact with adjacent ones of the fins. A plurality of flexure springs extend between racks, providing a radial force on the racks so as to urge the outer walls of the racks into contact with respective portions of the wall of the pressure vessel. A stopper is formed internally of the pressure vessel and a wave spring is disposed between a weld ring provided at the end of the rack opposite the stopper for forcing the racks in the longitudinal direction of the pressure vessel into contact with the stopper.

Abstract: Improved multicomponent alloys for hydrogen storage and rechargeable hydride electrode applications, and in particular for rechargeable hydride battery applications, according to the formula: A.sub.a B.sub.b Ni.sub.c D.sub.y M.sub.x R.sub.z, and the hydride thereof, where A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, V, Nb, Pd, Mg, Be, and Ca; B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, V, Wb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Si, C, B, and Mo; D is at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sb and Sn; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, P, S, Sr, and Ba; R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, and Yb; and where a, b, c, x, y and z are defined by: 0.10.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.85, 0.02.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.85, 0.02.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.85, 0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.30, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.25, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.12 and a+b+c+x+y=1.00.

Abstract: An electrode (40) for a Ni/MHx storage cell (47) is prepared by providing a substrate (62) and providing an active material in a finely divided form. A paste (60) of a mixture of the active material, optionally a finely divided carbon powder, and a solution of a polymer in an organic solvent is formed. The paste (60) is coated onto the substrate (62). The paste-coated substrate (62) is immersed into water to wash away the organic solvent and to precipitate the polymer, completing the anode fabrication. This electrode (40) is assembled with another electrode (44) and as a separator (46) between the electrodes (40 and 44) and provided with an electrolyte (50), to form the electrochemical cell (47).

Abstract: A cell provided with a gaseous diffusion electrode is constituted of the gaseous diffusion electrode, a hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode, and a chargeable auxiliary electrode wherein nickel hydroxide is used as the active material thereof. The chargeable auxiliary electrode may be disposed either between the gaseous diffusion electrode and the hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode, or on the opposite side of the gaseous diffusion electrode to the hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode. The chargeable auxiliary electrode that can be used may be either a sintered-type nickel electrode for securing a long life span, or a foamed-type nickel electrode or a fiber-type nickel electrode for securing a high capacity. The hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode has a layer of at least one of metallic nickel, cobalt and copper on the surface of the alloy in order to suppress oxidation thereof at the time of over discharge.

Abstract: A rechargeable electrochemical cell having a negative electrode, whose electrochemically active material comprises an intermetallic compound having the CaCu.sub.5 -structure which forms a hydride with hydrogen, obtains a high loadability and a long life cycle by virtue of the fact that the intermetallic compound comprises a non-stoichiometric metastable phase. The intermetallic compound is, preferably, of the type having the composition AB.sub.m, where m exceeds 5.4.

Abstract: A hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode having a hydrogen-absorbing alloy in a single crystal system and composed of at least three elements which are coated on a conductive substrate. One of the at least three elements has a density distribution profile with at least two adjacent high density peaks and a lowest density point between the at least two adjacent high density peaks. A density difference between one of the at least two adjacent high density peaks and the lowest density point is not less than about 3.0 wt % and a distance between the two adjacent high density peaks is not less than about 20 .mu.m. The hydrogen-absorbing alloy has a volume of 2 .mu.m.sup.3 and may include an additive selected from a group consisting of Manganese (Mn), Boron (B), Tungsten (W) and Cobalt (co).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydrogen-occlusion-alloy electrode is provided, wherein a hydrogen-occlusion-alloy ingot is mechanically crushed, the obtained powder is washed in water to remove dust-size particles from the surface thereof, the washed powder is used in a moisten state after said washing as it is to prepare a slurry of a specified composition, and the slurry is supported on to a current collector. Incorporating this hydrogen-occlusion-alloy electrode in a nickel-hydrogen storage battery as the negative electrode leads to reduced internal pressure of the battery, an extended charge and discharge cycle life, and an improved rapid discharge characteristic.

Abstract: In an alkali metal-halogen or oxyhalide electrochemical cell wherein an alkali metal anode, preferably lithium, has a surface in operative contact with a halogen-containing or oxyhalide cathode/electrolyte including a solvent if necessary, an electrode covering, preferably applied on the anode surface comprising a non-fabric, continuous and solid film of substrate material having a uniform unit weight, is described. The substrate material is perforated to provide for ion flow therethrough and coated with organic electron donor material, or other suitable coating material. The film substrate material preferably comprises a mechanically perforated synthetic polyester film material, and the film is prepared by contacting with a solution of the organic material and solvent followed by drying. The resulting coated film is flexible and is applied to the operative surface of the electrode thereby covering the same, preferably adhered to the surface by pressing.

Abstract: A sealed storage battery for use in potable power supply is improved by using metal oxide-hydrogen storage alloy to have a higher capacity and a smaller weight. The battery has a structure which comprises a combination of a positive electrode having a high energy density in a wide range of temperature and consisting of a bulk high porosity body filled with an active material composed of solid solutions such as typical Co solid solution, oxide powders such as typically Ca(OH).sub.2 and ZnO, with an addition of graphite for rendering the electrode reaction effective; and a high capacity negative electrode of hydrogen storage alloy having a reduced equilibrium hydrogen pressure, and where the aforementioned characteristics at high temperatures are further enhanced by an electrolyte suitable to high temperatures, short-circuits are prevented by a chemically stable separator, and a structure sealing a container and a safety vent is excellent in air-tightness and reliability.

Abstract: An improved metal hydride hydrogen storage alloy electrode (20) for use in an electrochemical cell (10). The improved electrode (20) includes a hydrogen storage alloy material (22) having a layer of a passivation material (25) disposed thereon.

Abstract: A novel dual flow battery configuration is provided comprising an aqueous drogen peroxide catholyte, an aqueous anolyte, a porous solid electrocatalyst capable of reducing said hydrogen peroxide and separating said anolyte, and an aluminum anode positioned within said anolyte. Separation of catholyte and anolyte chambers prevents hydrogen peroxide poisoning of the aluminum anode.

Abstract: A method for electrochemical refining of an impurity-containing low carbon steel melt using a solid electrolyte ionic conductor to remove the impurity from the melt is provided. Also provided are an apparatus for performing the method, and a continuous method for electrochemical refining of a low carbon steel melt.

Abstract: Three types of novel hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrodes A, B and C usable for metal hydride secondary batteries are provided. All three types are represented by the general formula AB.sub.x wherein A represents Ti or elements that principally comprise Ti and generate heat upon absorption of hydrogen, B represents Mo and Ni or elements that principally comprise Mo and Ni and absorb heat upon absorption of hydrogen and 0.5.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.2, and are readily producible and difficult to undergo cycle deterioration and need only short activation treatment time. (A) uses a hydrogen-absorbing alloy obtained by quenching and solidifying an alloy melt under an atmosphere of a reducing gas containing hydrogen at a cooling rate of at least 1.times.10.sup.3 .degree. C.

Abstract: A method is disclosed operating a nickel-hydrogen battery when the battery is less than fully charged. Specifically, battery recharge is completed at a temperature T.sub.1, in the range of approximately -10.degree. C. to -30.degree. C., which is lower than a temperature T.sub.2, in the range of approximately -10.degree. C. to +5.degree. C., at which discharge begins. The temperature T.sub.1 is chosen to maximize the extent of the reaction represented by the equation:Ni(OH).sub.2 +OH.sup.- =NiOOH+H.sub.2 O+e.sup.-.versus the reaction represented by the equation:2OH.sup.- =1/2O.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O+2e.sup.-Subsequently, it is desirable to heat the battery to the temperature T.sub.2 in readiness for discharge. A preferred recharge temperature is less than approximately -10.degree. C. The battery includes a positive electrode which may include electrochemically active Ni(OH).sub.2 possibly mixed with Co(OH).sub.2 and electrically conductive material having a resistivity less than approximately 0.

Abstract: A pressure vessel for pressurized secondary cells is disclosed. The vessel includes a generally cylindrical container having both ends closed by substantially flat circular discs. The container has a diameter dimension substantially greater than its axial dimension. A mechanism is provided for supporting a plurality of substantially rectangular stacked electrode plates within the container. A pair of sealed terminal connectors pass through the container, and a terminal assembly mechanism is disposed within the container for directly interconnecting the stacked plates to each terminal connector.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery made of stacked cells which are separated by separator plates comprising a good heat conductive material, e.g. nickel, stainless steel, copper. The separator plates extend beyond the edge of the stacked cells and outside the enclosure of the battery. The separator plates directly conduct heat, which is generated by the electrochemical process, from the battery cells to the ambient environment. Sealing of the enclosure between the separator plates is provided by an O-ring or, alternatively, by a bellows sealed to adjacent separator plates by O-rings. Sealing is possible for hydrogen at low pressure which is presented in batteries utilizing a metal-hydride hydrogen storage capacity.

Abstract: A small to miniature pressurized secondary cell of planar configuration has a case comprising a generally cylindrical sidewall open at one end and closed at the other end by a circular end wall. The open end of the case is closed by a cover which includes a positive terminal electrically isolated from the case. A plurality of substantially rectangular positive and negative stacked electrode plates with interleaved separator components are supported within the cell to define chordal volumes between the stacked electrode plates and the cylindrical sidewall of the cell sufficient to establish equilibrium gas pressures within the cell. The positive electrode plates are connected to the positive terminal and the negative electrode plates are electrically grounded to the case. Compressible electrolyte reservoir plates can also be provided at one or both ends of the stacked electrode plates to provide additional electrolyte during the service life of the cell and to absorb expansion of the electrode stack.

Abstract: A disordered electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy comprising:(Base Alloy).sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c Al.sub.d Fe.sub.e Mo.sub.fwhere said Base Alloy comprises 0.1 to 60 atomic percent Ti, 0.1 to 25 atomic percent Zr, 0.1 to 60 atomic percent V, 0.1 to 57 atomic percent Ni, and 0.1 to 56 atomic percent Cr; b is 0 to 7 atomic percent; c is 4.5 to 8.5 atomic percent; d is 0. to 3 atomic percent; e is 0 to 2.5 atomic percent; f is 0 to 6.5 atomic percent; and a+b+c+d+e+f=100 atomic percent.

Abstract: The capacity of a nickel hydroxide based battery is increased when recharge is carried out at a much lower temperature than its discharge. In the instance of a vehicle including a load powered by a nickel oxide-hydrogen battery, a generator is provided for recharging the battery. A switch is selectively movable between a first position electrically coupling the battery to the load for operating the load and a second position electrically coupling the battery to the generator for recharging. Temperature control apparatus maintains the temperature of the battery at a first temperature in the range of approximately 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. when the battery is electrically coupled to the load and is operable for maintaining the battery at a second temperature substantially lower than the first temperature and in the range of approximately 10.degree. C. to -30.degree. C. when the battery is electrically coupled to the generator.

Abstract: A battery (20) includes a battery container (22), a base (30) attached to the interior of the wall (24) of the battery container (22), a compliant first weld ring (32) extending to a first side of the base (30), and a compliant second weld ring (34) extending to a second side of the base (30). A first electrochemical storage cell stack (36) is supported on a core (42) extending from the first weld ring (32), and a second electrochemical storage cell stack (38) is supported on a separate core (42) extending from the second weld ring (34). Each of the storage cell stacks (36,38) includes a set of storage cells (40) and a gas screen (68) between each of the storage cells (40). The gas screens (68) are dimensioned to extend outwardly to contact the wall (24) of the battery container (22), thereby serving to damp vibrations in the storage cell stack (36, 38 ).

Abstract: A metal oxide-hydrogen battery system comprises a first enclosed vessel containing a battery cell. A second enclosed vessel is remote from the first vessel and contains a solid state metal hydride capable of sublimating hydrogen gas-to thereby develop a pressure within said second vessel in the range of approximately 1 to 10 psig. A conduit provides communication between the first compartment and the second compartment and a valve is provided for controlling the flow of hydrogen gas to the first vessel from the second vessel. In another embodiment, the battery may be of a bipolar design.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage electrode for use as an anode of an alkaline battery and a process for producing such electrode are disclosed. According to the process, firstly particles of hydrogen storage alloy powder with maximum particle size of 50 .mu.m is prepared. The alloy powder particles are then made into microcapsules by electroless plating with copper amounting to 10%-20% by weight with respect to the sum of the alloy powder and the plating copper. With an electric current collector placed in contact with the copper-plated alloy powder set in a die cavity of a molding press, the molding dies are closed to press and the copper-plated powder and the current collector for bonding them together thereby to form the hydrogen storage electrode. Pressure exerted during the pressing is applied to such an extent that the porosity of the resulting compact of the pressed alloy powder falls in the range of 10% to 25%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydridable material for the negative electrode of a nickel-hydride storage cell mainly comprising a Laves phase of the C14 hexagonal type (MgZn.sub.2), characterized by the general formula: ##EQU1## where A represents at least one element from Ti, Y, Ce, Ca, and Mg, and where M is chosen from Cr, V, and Si.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a hydrogen-absorbing alloy for a negative electrode comprising: a main texture of Mm-Ni system having a crystal structure of CaCu.sub.5 type; and a plurality of compound phases having a crystal structure other than the crystal structure of CaCu.sub.5 type, where each of the compound phases are segregated in the main texture, and wherein a volume of each of the compound phases is less than about 10 .mu.m.sup.3. A distance between two adjacent compound phases should be less than about 100 .mu.m. In the hydrogen-absorbing alloy the compound phases should include an element selected from a group of boron (B), carbon (C), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and bismuth (Bi).

Abstract: A rechargeable aqueous electrolyte lithium-hydrogen ion battery. The electrodes of the lithium-hydrogen battery electrode are formed from materials which reversibly intercalate both lithium and hydrogen ions. These materials can be represented by the general formula Li.sub.x H.sub.y (HOST), wherein HOST represents intercalation host matrices for said electrodes into which guest Li and H ions can be inserted, and x and y are the intercalation stoichiometries of lithium and hydrogen, respectively. Preferably, the intercalation host matrices of the electrodes are chosen from the group consisting of NiO.sub.2, CoO.sub.2, Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4, MnO.sub.2, VO.sub.2, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, TiS.sub.2, MoS.sub.2, MoO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, graphite, and electrochemical hydrogen storage metal alloy materials. Particularly useful combinations of host matrices are Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 with VO.sub.2 or an electrochemical hydrogen storage metal alloy material and NiO.sub.

Abstract: A hydrogen hydride battery including a stack of like cells. Each cell includes novel positive cathode and negative anode electrodes. The negative anode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form and a hydrogen-absorbing metal alloy structure throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. The positive cathode electrodes include micro-porous carbon aerogel structures of randomly disposed interengaged carbon fibers in three-dimensional reticulate form that are impregnated with nickelous hydroxide throughout and conforming generally to and carried by the micro-porous carbon aerogel. Central electrolyte separators established of a suitable porous dielectric material, is positioned between positive and negative electrodes.

Abstract: A flow battery comprises a plurality of unit cells each constituted of stacked unit cells each consisting of a prescribed number of stacked diaphragms and positive electrode chambers and negative electrode chambers separated by the diaphragms, a positive electrode fluid tank associated with each unit cell to have its outlet connected with an inlet of the positive electrode chamber of the unit cell and its inlet connected with an outlet of the positive chamber of a immediately preceding unit cell, a negative electrode fluid tank associated with each unit cell to have it outlet connected with an inlet of the negative chamber of the unit cell and its inlet connected with outlet of the negative chamber of an immediately preceding unit cell, a pump for supplying positive electrode fluid from the positive electrode fluid tanks to the positive electrode chambers, a pump for supplying negative electrode fluid from the negative electrode fluid tanks to the negative electrode chambers, and means for electrically connec

Abstract: Catalysts to enhance the discharge rates of Li cells containing sulfur oxyhalide depolarizers are disclosed. A preferred catalyst consists of a mixture of cobalt acetate and polyacrylonitrile.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrogen storage active material comprising an alloy having the formula MmNi.sub.5-x-y-z Zn.sub.x Q.sub.y R.sub.z, in which Q.dbd.Al, Ca and Sr, R.dbd.Li, Na and K, 0<x.ltoreq.1, 0<y.ltoreq.0.8 and 0<z.ltoreq.1. An alloy phase of zinc is formed between the surface coating and the alloy base after treatment of the alloy powder by surface plating. As a result, the electrochemical capacity as well as the life of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode formed is increased significantly while the cost is greatly reduced by employing Zn.