Abstract: A hermetically sealed liquid active material cell having an oxyhalide compound which is in a liquid state at room temperature as a positive active material, a negative electrode which contains at least one alkali metal, a cell container which has a thin-wall part in its bottom for explosion-proofing, and a hermetic seal which closes an opening of the cell container, in which the cell further has a resinous ring on an inner surface of the bottom of the cell container, which cell has improved explosion-proof performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrode composed of an active material. This electrode comprises a composition of a hydrogen storage alloy powder possessed of relatively high electrochemical capacity with a formula of MmNi5-x-y-z AxByCz and a hydrogen storage alloy powder possessed of catalytic activity with a formula of D2-uE1-vFuGv wherein Mm is the mischmetal, A=Co, Cr, V; B=Mn, Sn, Be; C=Al, Ca, Mg, Zr, Nb; D=Mg, Al; E=Cu, Zn; F=Ca, Be; G=Sn, Bi; 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5, O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.l.5, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.5, 0.ltoreq.u.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.v.ltoreq.0.5. The internal pressure of the alkali battery assembled with this electrode can be effectively lowered, the capacity and the cycle life of the sealed battery are improved, the activation period of the battery is shortened to 3-5 times, thus the crucial technical problem about industrial mass production of this kind of alkali batteries is surmounted.

Abstract: A common pressure vessel type Ni--H.sub.2 storage battery having an outer pressure vessel that contains a stack of compartments. Each of the compartments including at least one battery cell, a heat transfer member, and a cell spacer for maintaining a relatively constant distance between adjacent compartments. The heat transfer members include a fin portion, which is in thermal contact with the battery cell, and a flange portion which extends longitudinally from the fin portion and is in tight thermal contact with the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The heat transfer member serves to transfer heat generated from a battery cell radially outward to the pressure vessel, which is capable of dissipating the heat into the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: An active metal non-aqueous electrochemical cell includes an anode selected from lithium metal and intercalated lithium compounds, an electrolyte system consisting essentially of an SO.sub.2 solvent containing an amount of electrolyte salt, and a solid liquid or gaseous cathode active material selected from a class of materials which are reduced in preference to SO.sub.2, wherein the amount of cathode material is generally limiting with respect to the desired discharge reaction.

Abstract: A high capacity, long cycle life positive electrode for use in an alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising: a solid solution nickel hydroxide material having a multiphase structure that comprises at least one polycrystalline .gamma.-phase including a polycrystalline .gamma.-phase unit cell comprising spacedly disposed plates with at least one chemical modifier incorporated around the plates, the plates having a range of stable intersheet distances corresponding to a 2.sup.+ oxidation state and a 3.5.sup.+, or greater, oxidation state; and at least one compositional modifier incorporated into the solid solution nickel hydroxide material to promote the multiphase structure.

Abstract: A positive electrode for use in alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising: a material comprising a compositionally and structurally disordered multiphase nickel hydroxide host matrix which includes at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of F, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ba, Ln, Se, Nd, Pr, Y, Co, Zn, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sc, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Ru, and Pb.

Abstract: An emergency battery system having an infinite shelf life, comprising a first primary reserve, water-activated battery that can be connected directly to an emergency appliance to provide voltage therein once activated, that can be connected to a self-contained, rechargeable battery utilized with the water-activated battery and stored for long periods of time to provide charge to the rechargeable battery, which itself can then be connected to an electrical emergency appliance, or the water-activated battery is connected to a power conversion circuit that can provide a variety of voltages to emergency electrical appliances that already have their own self-contained, rechargeable batteries. The emergency battery system described herein can be used to power emergency appliances, such as lights, lanterns, emergency radios, or DC-powered telephones. As long as the water-activated battery is kept free of moisture or water, the shelf life is virtually infinite.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell, comprising a lithium anode, a cathode, and a liquid electrolyte of lithium tetrachloroaluminate dissolved in thionyl chloride, has a coating of a Li ion conductive solid polymer electrolyte on the anode. An example of the solid polymer electrolyte is a Li salt complex of poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene].

Abstract: A rechargeable hydrogen storage cell comprising: a negative electrode having the composition:(Ovonic Base Alloy).sub.a M.sub.bwhere Ovonic Base Alloy represents an Ovonic alloy that contains 0.1 to 60 atomic percent Ti, 0.1 to 25 atomic percent Zr, 0.1 to 60 atomic percent V, 0.1 to 57 atomic percent Ni, and 0.1 to 56 atomic percent Cr, as described above; a is at least 70 atomic percent; M represents at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, W, La, Mo, Cu, Mg, Ca, Nb, Si, and Hf; b is 0 to 30 atomic percent; b>0; and a+b=100 atomic percent; a positive electrode; and a separator of electrolyte retentive nylon or wettable polypropylene.

Abstract: A porous carbon black cathode is treated by brief exposure to a low press, room temperature gas plasma. The treated cathode is suitable for inclusion in a lithium based, nonaqueous electrolyte cell.

Abstract: The dimensions of an electrode group in each battery are set so as to obtain a relationship such as H >L>W, where H is the height of the electrode group, L is the width thereof and W is the thickness thereof, and the product K of the width L and the thickness W, that is, K=L.times.W, is set so as to fall in a range 10<K<100 while the space D between adjacent batteries is set so as to fall in a range of 0.02.ltoreq.D/W.ltoreq.0.3, thereby the efficiency of heat radiation of a battery module or a battery group is enhanced, and accordingly, the cycle life and the discharge capacity of the battery can be enhanced.

Abstract: An intercell connector for electrically interconnecting a plurality of battery cells, each of the battery cells including a plurality of spaced apart positive and negative electrode plates encased in a plastic casing. The intercell connector includes first and second buss bars disposed in spaced apart relation to each other and each including a base portion and an electrode connecting portion extending from the base portion, the base portions of the first and second buss bars respectively including first and second electrode terminals aligned with each other; and an insulator for insulating the first and second buss bars from each other. The connector is disposed in the casing of each of the cells so as to extend transversely to the electrode plates with the casing being bonded to a portion of the insulator such that only the electrode terminals are exposed outside the casing.

Abstract: An improved pressure vessel for a rechargeable metal oxide-hydrogen battery. The pressure vessel, which contains a plurality of cell modules, is composed of an inner liner of a material which is impervious to the passage of hydrogen gas and an outer layer of fiber reinforced thermosetting resin. The fibrous reinforcement is preferably in the form of substantially continuous, helically wound filaments. Dispersed within the resin matrix of the outer layer are a plurality of finely divided particles of a material having a high coefficient of thermal conductivity. The finely divided material can be in the form of powder or fibers, and can be composed of a metal or graphite. By incorporating the finely divided heat conductive particles in the resin, the heat dissipation through the pressure vessel is increased to thereby improve the performance of the battery.

Abstract: A battery separator for nickel/metal hydride batteries is formed of a synthetic pulp, one or more nonwater swellable fibers and at least one water swellable polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The separator is impregnated with an acrylic resin binder. Alkali resistant fillers may also be included.

Abstract: A sealed rechargeable storage battery containing one or more rechargeable working cells and at least one regulator cell. The working cells are capable of generating gas in a gas space within the sealed battery during charging of the working cells. The regulator cell is in gaseous communication with the gas space, the regulator cell being chargeable and dischargeable by a control circuit to regulate the amount of gas in the gas space.

Abstract: A disordered electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy and electrochemical cells having a negative electrode comprising this alloy, where the alloy has the composition(Base Alloy).sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c Al.sub.d Fe.sub.e La.sub.f Mo.sub.gwhere Base Alloy represents a disordered multicomponent alloy having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of: amorphous; microcrystalline; polycrystalline, lacking long-range compositional order with three or more phases of said polycrystalline structure; and any combination of these structures; b is 0 to 7.5 atomic percent; c is 0.1 to 8.5 atomic percent; d is 0 to 2.5 atomic percent; e is 0.1 to 6.5 atomic percent; f is 0 to 4.5 atomic percent; g is 0 to 6.5 atomic percent; b+c+d+e+f+g>0; and a+b+c+d+e+f+g=100 atomic percent.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy of Ni, Zr, Mn, Ti and at least one other element and at least two phases including a phase which contains at least one kind of Laves structure intermetallic compound, in which when atomic ratios of Ni, Zr, Mn and Ti are "a", "b", "c" and "d", respectively, "a" is larger than "b", "b" is larger than "c", "c" is larger than "d", and "d" is larger than the atomic ratio of at least one other element, and a ratio b/a is larger than 5/8, a ratio c/a is smaller than 11/20 and a ratio d/a is smaller than 2/5, which alloy is useful as an active material of a negative electrode of a hydrogen storage alloy cell.

Abstract: An electrical terminal connector is disclosed for use in an electrochemical cell. The terminal connector includes a first terminal member made from metal inert to the environment within said cell and adapted for interfacing internally within the cell. The first terminal member includes a socket portion communicating with the exterior of the cell. The terminal connector also includes a second terminal member made from low electrical resistance metal and is adapted for engagement within the socket portion from the exterior of the cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator and spacer for use in non-aqueous inorganic electrolyte cells using oxyhalides as both a solvent and cathode active material, and an alkali metal as anode active material. There is provided a non-aqueous inorganic electrolyte cell which has a good discharge performance, preservability, and a safety to resist the charging at 5 V caused due to erroneous operations and accidents, by specifying a content of glass involved in the separator made of mainly glass fibers, specifying the type of synthetic resin of other components than glass fibers, or by specifying an oxyhalide absorbance of materials from which the separator and the spacer are produced.

Abstract: A metal oxide-hydrogen battery incorporating a system for maintaining a substantial uniform range of pressure of hydrogen gas in the battery. The battery includes an outer pressure vessel and a plurality of cells are contained in the vessel. A liquid electrolyte is impregnated within the cells and the battery is charged with hydrogen gas. A conduit connects the interior of the vessel with a venting zone, preferably a closed chamber, containing a hydrogen absorbing material. A first valve is located in the conduit and is designed to open when the battery is discharged to a preselected level. A second pressure regulated valve is also mounted in the conduit and opens to vent hydrogen from the vessel to the chamber, if the hydrogen pressure exceeds a predetermined value at the preselected state of discharge. The sequential venting of hydrogen during cycling of the battery will maintain the pressure of hydrogen in the vessel within a given range.

Abstract: A metal oxide-hydrogen battery having an outer metal pressure vessel that contains a plurality of cell modules. The vessel is composed of a cylindrical shell and the open ends of the shell are enclosed by dome-shaped heads. In producing the vessel, a weld ring is positioned between each end of the shell and the respective head and each weld ring includes a base which is engaged with the inner surfaces of the shell and head and a radial fin which extends outwardly from the base and is located between the opposed ends of the shell and head. A weld is made interconnecting the weld ring with the head and shell. The weld ring is free of internal spokes and the radial thickness of the weld ring is from one to six times the thickness of the vessel wall. With this construction, the weld ring will flex with the shell during cycling of the battery to prevent undue stress at the welded joint.

Abstract: A metal hydride battery includes a metal hydride vessel for storing hydrogen and a battery cell in another enclosure having the capability of fluid communication between the vessel and enclosure through in-line piping. The in-line piping includes a catalytic converter and a molecular sieve dryer for adsorbing water from the hydrogen being piped from the battery cell enclosure to the hydrogen storage metal hydride vessel.

Abstract: Cathode collectors are made in a substantially dry method from carbon fibrils that have a fiber diameter of from about 2 to about 200 nanometers, a fiber length to diameter ratio of from about 10 to about 500, with a maximum length of 1 millimeter, and a fiber surface area of from about 10 to about 500 m.sup.2 /g, and a binder.

Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy having decreased hydrogen overpressure as well as other desirable operational parameters, comprising on an atomic percent basis: 14 to 22 percent vanadium; 28 to 39 percent nickel; 7 to 15 percent titanium; 15 to 34 percent zirconium; and at least one member selected from the group consisting of 0.001 to 7 percent chromium, 0.001 to 7 percent cobalt, 0.001 to 7 percent iron, 0.001 to 3.6 percent manganese, and 0.001 to 2.7 percent aluminum, wherein the atomic ratio of the vanadium to zirconium is in the range of 1:2.26 to 1:0.68. An electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy having a reduced self-discharge rate comprising an alloy having a heterogeneous, disordered microstructure resulting from changes in the mutual solubility of the elements of the alloy, wherein hydrogen in a particular phase is not easily discharged either though low surface area, or an oxide of limited porosity or catalytic property.

Abstract: A battery (10) comprises a cylindrical pressure vessel (30) having domed ends and an internal impermeable membrane (36) extending transversely to a cylindrical axis (38) of the pressure vessel (30). The impermeable membrane (36) divides the pressure vessel (30) into two compartments (32, 34) of equal size, shape, and volume, and hermetically seals the two compartments (32, 34) against mass flow therebetween. In particular, the membrane (36) prevents the migration of electrolyte between the storage elements located in the two compartments (32, 34). The battery (10) further includes a plurality of plate sets (12) for storing electrical energy, each plate set (12) having a nickel positive electrode (14), a hydrogen negative electrode (16), a separator (18) between the positive electrode (14) and the negative electrode (16), a gas screen (26), and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A metal oxide-hydrogen battery having an outer safety shell. The battery to be used in a confined area such as in an aircraft or manned spacecraft, and includes a pressure vessel that contains at least one cell module. Hydrogen gas under pressure is confined within the pressure vessel and is impregnated in the cell modules. An outer shell, preferably formed of molded plastic, is disposed around the pressure vessel and a vent conduit connects the space between the vessel and the shell with the exterior. Any hydrogen that accidentally leaks from the vessel is captured in the space and vented to the exterior.

Abstract: In lithium iodine electrochemical cells, control of polyvinylpyridine film thickness and/or polyvinylpyridine film surface area coverage and/or control of the quantity thereof on or with respect to the lithium anode operative surface directly affects cell voltage characteristics during discharge, allowing the tailoring of the voltage characteristics near cell end-of-life (EOL) in a useful way.

Abstract: A support assembly, including an end plate, for use in metal gas cells. The support assembly inhibits a plate stack which is positioned within a pressure vessel from impinging the walls of the pressure vessel. The support assembly comprises a first and a second weld ring and a first and a second end plate, each of the end plates being attached to a different end of the plate stack. The first and second weld rings mate with the first and second end plates, respectively, and cooperate to support the plate stack. The end plate comprises two plates secured together. A raised portion on one of the plates forming the end plate has a radially extending embossment formed therein to increase the rigidity thereof. The pressure vessel is constructed of generally cylindrical container defining two circumferentially extending lips, each of which is secured to an end portion.

Abstract: A secondary battery utilizing a zinc bromide electrolyte has an electrolyte which is composed of a first solution including zinc bromide and a complexing agent which forms a bromide complex from the bromide ions to precipitate the complex in the electrolyte, and a second solution of a zinc compound which is selected from groups of compounds which decompose at a higher voltage than the first solution during battery charging. The concentrations of the first and second solutions are regulated for providing a concentration of zinc ions which are generated from the first and the second solutions at least 0.5 mol/l higher than bromide ions which are generated from the first solution.

Abstract: A lithium and bromine trifluoride electrochemical cell designed to be discharged after being activated and stored, the cell comprising an anode made of lithium or lithium alloy and a positive current collector made of carbon black, and containing at least one compound that is soluble in bromide trifluoride, and is capable of stabilizing the passivation layer of said anode and of blocking corrosion of said anode during storage, the compound being selected from sulfonates and being at a concentration lying in the range 10.sup.-2 moles per liter to 1 mole per liter. After the cell of the invention has been stored, it restores a large fraction of its initial capacity (curve C).

Abstract: Improved nickel-hydrogen batteries (10) are disclosed, wherein the improvement provides for wettable porous polypropylene cloth gas diffusion screens (12) to separate the individual cells (16) thereof. When necessary, substantially all of the electrolyte may be readily drained from the cells (16) of the batteries (10). Wettability is achieved by oxidizing the surfaces of the cloth gas diffusion screens (12) prior to assembling them in the batteries (10).

Abstract: A metal hydride negative electrode plate for use in an alkaline electrochemical cell is disclosed including a conductive substrate carrier, a layer of electrochemically active hydrogen storage alloy material capable of reversibly storing hydrogen attached to the carrier, and the presence of a layer of carbon particles affixed to the outer surface of the active material layer. The carbon particle layer is present as a uniform distribution on the surface of the active material layer and prevents substantial oxidation of the active hydrogen storage alloy material during charge and overcharge of an alkaline cell incorporating the carbon coated metal hydride negative electrode of the invention.

Abstract: An electrolyte salt is shown herein for use in lithium/thionyl chloride primary cells that is provided to minimize the start-up delay otherwise encountered after too long a storage period or storage at too high a temperature. The salt is a reaction product produced by refluxing lithium triflate with either aluminum chloride or lithium tetrachloraluminate or a mixture of thereof dissolved in thionyl chloride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of surface hardening of Ti-6A1-4V alloy that can be performed by electrolytic charging in an acid solution, subsequent solution treatment, followed by dehydrogenation to obtain an equiaxed alpha grain in transformed beta matrix. Surface hardnesses of the processed specimens are better than that of the mill-annealed specimen. The depth of hardened layer depends on the charging time.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrically connecting cell modules of a metal oxide-hydrogen battery. The battery includes an outer pressure vessel containing a plurality of cell modules which are each sealed in a plastic bag and each cell module is provided with a vent which is permeable to the flow of gas but impermeable to the flow of liquid electrolyte. A pair of annular electrical conductors are associated with each cell module and extend through aligned holes in the bag. The conductors of each cell module are electrically insulated from each other and are disposed around an insulating tie rod. One of the conductors is connected to the positive terminals of the cell module, while the other of the conductors is connected to the negative terminals. A series of spring washers are mounted on the tie rod and urge the portions of each bag bordering the holes therein into tight sealing relation with the flange of the respective conductor to prevent leakage of the electrolyte through the holes in the bag.

Abstract: A metal oxygen-hydrogen battery having sealed cell modules with electrolyte containment and hydrogen venting. The battery includes an outer pressure vessel containing a plurality of cell modules, each having a positive and negative terminal and containing a liquid electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide. Each cell module is enclosed in a flexible sealed bag which is impervious to the flow of the electrolyte. The bag is a multi layer structure preferably composed of thermoplastic film. Each bag is provided with a vent which is permeable to the flow of hydrogen gas but impermeable to the flow of the electrolyte. Electrical leads are connected to the terminals of each cell module and extend in sealed relation through the bag.

Abstract: An improved metal oxide hydrogen battery including an outer pressure vessel and a plurality of cell modules are stacked in side-by-side relation in the vessel. Each cell module is generally rectangular in configuration and includes positive and negative terminals which are located centrally of the cell module. Each cell module is sealed within a rigid plastic casing and the casing is provided with a vent which permits the flow of gas but is impermeable to the flow of the liquid electrolyte contained within the cell module. A heat transfer member is disposed between adjacent cell modules and includes an outer cylindrical flange which is disposed in heat transfer relation with the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The peripheral edge of each casing is engaged with the inner surface of the respective flange to position the cell module within the vessel. Electrical conductors extend in sealed relation through the wall of the casing and connect the terminals of the cell modules in an electrical circuit.

Abstract: A metal oxide-hydrogen battery having an outer sealed pressure vessel including a generally cylindrical shell. A plurality of generally rectangular cell modules are disposed in the shell and extend longitudinally of the shell. Each cell module has at least one positive electrode and a negative electrode. Separating the cell modules are heat transfer fins composed of a material having a high coefficient of thermal conductivity. The opposed edges of each fin are provided with flexible flanges that engage and complement the inner surface of the cylindrical pressure vessel shell and serve to transfer heat from the cell modules to the vessel shell.

Abstract: Low capacity and high power density electric battery which electrolyzes water in the charging phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen used as reactants in the discharging phase, which battery comprises an ion-exchange membrane, separating two compartments, said compartments containing gas evolving positive and negative electrodes respectively for the evolution of oxygen and hydrogen during the charging phase and for recombination of the same to produce water during the discharging phase, as well as means for the circulation of said water in a spray form.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell electrode such as the cathode element for a high energy density battery cell and its fabrication sequence are disclosed. Material such as finely-divided carbon particles is dispersed over the electrode surface during an ultrasonic energy assisted wet spraying process which produces very thin electrodes that are also low in fabrication cost and increased in uniformity and energy density capability. Fine particle material deposition on both a metal foil electrode and on an insulating member that is later joined to a metal foil electrode are contemplated.

Abstract: A coaxial terminal construction for a sealed pressurized battery. The battery includes a sealed vessel containing a series of battery cells and positive and negative poles are connected to the cells. A pre-assembled terminal unit extends through an annular mounting flange that is secured within an opening in the vessel wall and the pre-assembled unit includes an inner electode, an outer electrode, which is disposed concentrically outward of the inner electrode and insulated therefrom, and an annular mounting member which is located concentrically outward of the outer electrode and insulated therefrom. All three concentric members have external threads of the same pitch. The terminal unit is installed by threading the mounting member in the mounting flange of the vessel and simultaneously threading the outer electrode with a nut connected to one of the poles and threading the inner electrode with a second nut connected to the other of the poles.

Abstract: A metal-hydrogen alkaline storage cell comprising a rare earth hydrogen absorbing alloy and positive and negative electrodes, wherein the rare earth hydrogen absorbing alloy contains praseodymium in a weight ratio of no more than about 3 weight percent based on the total weight of rare earth elements.

Abstract: A method for rejuvenating Ni-H.sub.2 battery cells suffering a voltage anomaly providing an improved cell output voltage and capacity. After the battery containing the cells suffering the voltage anomaly is removed from service, the battery is discharged. Discharging the battery reduces the hydrogen pressure within the cells, thereby increasing the rate of mass transport of free water back to the electrode stacks of the cells. The cells are then left to stand for a period sufficient to allow any free water to diffuse back to the electrode stacks. If gravity is available, the cell can simply be rotated to return the free water to the stack.

Abstract: A hydrogen absorption alloy electrode is manufactured by a dry method in which a fluorine resin powder in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0%, based on the weight of the electrode, is with a hydrogen absorption alloy powder while applying a sufficient shearing force such that the fluorine resin powder is turned into an aggregate of monofilaments each having a diameter D of about 5 to 100 microns, a length L of about 100 to 500 microns, and an aspect ratio L/D of 10 to 100, so as to prepare a cotton-like mixture. The cotton-like mixture is placed on a conductive substrate acting as a current collector, and shaped by a roll pressing.

Abstract: An alloy for occluding hydrogen is represented by the formula TiCr.sub.x Cu.sub.y (wherein x and y stand for numerical values satisfying the expressions, 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.4 and 1.3.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.2.0) and has an ability to occlude hydrogen at a lower temperature than the temperatures required by the conventional countertypes for occluding hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reversible, electrochemical cell having a high electrochemical activity, hydrogen storage negative electrode. The negative electrode is formed of a reversible, multicomponent, multiphase, electrochemical hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage alloy is capable of electrochemically charging and discharging hydrogen in alkaline aqueous media. In one preferred exemplification the hydrogen storage alloy is a member of the family of hydrogen storage alloys, derived from the V-Ti-Zr-Ni and V-Ti-Zr-Ni-Cr alloys in which the V, Ti, Zr, Ni and Cr are partially replaced by one or more modifiers, and the alloy has the composition:(V.sub.y'-y Ni.sub.y Ti.sub.x'-x Zr.sub.x Cr.sub.z).sub.a M'.sub.b M".sub.c M.sub.d.sup.ivwhere x' is between 1.8 and 2.2, x is between 0 and 1.5, y' is between 3.6 and 4.4, y is between 0.6 and 3.5, z is between 0.00 and 1.44, a designates that the V-Ni-Ti-Zr-Cr component as a group is from 70 to 100 atomic percent of the alloy, b,c,d,e, . . .

Abstract: An improved pressure vessel for a metal oxide-hydrogen battery which comprises an outer cylindrical shell and a battery cell is disposed centrally within the shell. A pair of sealed containers or tanks are located in the ends of the shell on either side of the cell and each container contains pressurized hydrogen. In a preferred form of the invention, a portion of each container constitutes a head of the vessel. Each container is provided with an opening which provides communication with the interior of the vessel, and a remotely controlled valve acts to open and close the opening. Opening of the valve permits hydrogen gas to contact the cell to generate an electron current in an exterior circuit. During recharging of the cell, hydrogen generated in the cell passes into the containers and is captured therein by closing of the valves, thereby minimizing self-discharge of the battery cell during standby periods.

Abstract: A nickel/hydrogen storage battery comprises a nickel positive electrode having nickel oxide as a main active material, a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen absorbing alloy capable of carrying out the electrochemical hydrogen absorbing and desorbing reaction, an alkaline electrolyte, and a separator, a zinc compound being contained in the nickel positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator.The content of the zinc compound in terms of zinc oxide is 30-500 mg per Ah of battery capacity in the nickel positive electrode and 0.3-15 mg in the negative electrode and the separator.Thus, the expansion of the nickel positive electrode can be inhibited and the electrolyte retention of the negative electrode and the separator can be improved and the cycle life of the battery can be prolonged.

Abstract: The lithium/carbon/SO.sub.2 energy cell is disclosed wherein the electrolyte includes lithium tetrachloroaluminate. In order to increase the electrical capacity of the cell, the concentration of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in the electrolyte is increased .[.to.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.calcium tetrachloroaluminate .[.and.]. .Iadd.is .Iaddend.added to the solution to aid the mass transport as well as .[.the.]. .Iadd.to .Iaddend.lower .Iadd.the .Iaddend.freezing point of the electrolyte. In order to eliminate any corrosive effect of the calcium .[.added.]. .Iadd.additive .Iaddend.to on the lithium anode, this disclosure provides a teaching of the use of an electrolyte solution .[.and.]. .Iadd.that .Iaddend.is essentially free of any .[.moist.]. .Iadd.moisture .Iaddend.content.

Abstract: A hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode for use in an alkaline storage cell, comprising a hydrogen-absorbing alloy for reversibly absorbing and desorbing hydrogen; and a metal oxide or metal hydroxide existing in the state of a metal in a range of electric potential where said hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrochemically absorbs and desorbs hydrogen in an alkaline electrolyte.