Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a pair of an anode and a cathode, the anode being made of a transition metal lithium compound oxide capable of charging and discharging lithium ions; and a nonaqueous electrolyte having a supporting electrolyte, wherein the supporting electrolyte includes lithium-bis-penta-fluoroethylsulfonylimide (Li[N(SO2C2F5)2]) and is free of other lithium salts.

Abstract: An ion-conducting polyelectrolyte moldable and flexible even at low temperatures is disclosed, comprising a (meth)acrylic polymer and an ionic salt, the (meth)acrylic polymer comprising (A) 20 to 100 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer represented by formula (I): CH2═C(R1)COO—R2—R3  (I) wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and R3 represents (XR4)nXR5, wherein X represents —O— or —S—; R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 20; and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, (B) 0 to 80 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer represented by formula (II): CH2═C(R1)COO—R6  (II) wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R6 represents an alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and (C) 0 to 30 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of comp

Abstract: An electrolyte containing at least one of dihalodicarbonyl compounds, in which hydrogen atoms of a methylene group between the two carbonyl groups are substituted with halogen atoms, and an electric energy generator comprising the electrolyte, an active material for positive electrode and an active material for negative electrode. The electrolyte has high polarity, high resistance to oxidation and flame retardance, and thus possesses excellent characteristics as the electrolyte for electric energy generators.

Abstract: A battery excellent in high temperature storage characteristic is presented. It comprises a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material containing an transition metal complex oxide containing lithium , a negative electrode containing a negative electrode material capable of storing and releasing a lithium ion, and an electrolytic solution containing a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte, and an organic compound expressed in formula 1. ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 have individually at least one of H and a group containing a vinyl group, and the number of H substituent is four or less.

Abstract: A WPU(PEG)-WPU(PTMG)-PEO triple-polymer based composite electrolyte is disclosed. The electrolyte includes a thin composite film and an anhydrous liquid electrolyte within the thin film. The thin film is composed of WPU(PTMG) serving as a support, PEO serving as an adsorbent of the liquid electrolytes, and WPU(PEG) serving as a compatibility promoter. On the other hand, the anhydrous liquid electrolyte is used for ionic conduction. The resulting thin film electrolyte has a good conductivity (up to 10.sup.-2 .about.10.sup.-3 S/cm at room temperature), especially within a compositional range of 0.about.75 wt. % WPU(PEG), 0.about.45 wt. % WPU(PTMG), and 20.about.95 wt. % PEO. A WPU(PEG)-WPU(PTMG)-PEO based composite electrolyte is adapted to be used in lithium ion batteries, lithium batteries, and electrochromic devices.

Abstract: Electrolyte systems for lithium batteries of increased safety comprise at least one lithium-containing conducting salt and at least one electrolyte fluid and, according to the invention, are defined by at least one partially fluorinated carbamate of general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another or identical or different, linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 directly or via one or more additional nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms are linked to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members, and the additional nitrogen atoms present in the ring being substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl and the ring carbon atoms optionally carrying C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, with the option of one or more hydrogen atoms in the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being replaced by fluorine atoms, R.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nonaqueous-electrolytic solution secondary battery that comprises a negative-electrode material, a positive-electrode material, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt, wherein the battery contains an organoboron compound. This nonaqueous-electrolytic solution secondary battery has high capacity and good charge and discharge cycle characteristics.

Abstract: An alkali metal secondary electrochemical cell, and preferably a lithium ion cell, activated with a quaternary solvent system, is described. The solvent system comprises a quaternary mixture of dialkyl carbonates and cyclic carbonates, and preferably dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate. Lithium ion cells activated with this electrolyte have good room temperature cycling characteristics and excellent low temperature discharge behavior.

Abstract: In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell, it is possible to control the irreversible capacity degradation which is caused when it is preserved under the condition of charging. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell includes a positive electrode that is capable of doping and dedoping lithium and a negative electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte. Specifically, a monomethoxy benzene class compound is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte at a concentration ranging from 0.005 M to 0.5 M.

Abstract: A high crystallinity powdery graphite is mixed with an organic binder capable of forming a low crystallinity carbon after firing. A high shearing force is applied to the mixture so that a composition is obtained wherein both the components are dispersed in each other under a mechano-chemical reaction. Then a paste of the composition is extruded so that the high crystallinity graphite is highly oriented. A green extrudate of the composition is fired in an inert atmosphere or a non-oxidation atmosphere at a temperature in a range between 500 and 1,100.degree. C. so that the organic binder contained therein is carbonized and a graphite-carbon carbonaceous composite of an amorphous or random layered structure is obtained, which then is ground and used as a cathode for a lithium ion secondary battery.

Abstract: A nonaqueous battery includes a negative electrode containing a carbon material capable of absorbing/desorbing lithium, metallic lithium or an lithium alloy, a positive electrode containing a chalcogenide and a nonaqueous ionic conductor. The nonaqueous ionic conductor contains a diether compound having ether linkages at 1- and 3-positions, 1- and 4-positions or the 2- and 3-positions of a straight-chain hydrocarbon having four carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprising a specific siloxane derivative of the following chemical formula 1 or 2, and at least one light metal salt such as an alkali metal salt: ##STR1## Also disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte cell comprising the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution has good chemical and thermochemical stability, and the cell comprising it has high safety, and has good cell capabilities even at high voltage.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell or battery including as at least one electrode at least one electrically conductive polymer, the polymer being poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-3-fluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene), poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene), or poly(1,4-bis(2-thienyl)-benzene). These polymeric electrodes have remarkably high charge capacities, and excellent cycling efficiency. The provision of these polymeric electrodes further permits the electrochemical storage cell to be substantially free of metal components, thereby improving handling of the storage cell and obviating safety and environmental concerns associated with alternative secondary battery technology.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte containing an organic solvent mixture and a lithium (Li) salt, and a lithium secondary cell adopting the electrolyte. The organic electrolyte contains the organic solvent mixture comprising a solvent having a high dielectric constant, a solvent having a low viscosity and a compound expressed by the following chemical formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 linear or cyclic alkyl, and x is an integer from 1 to 4. The organic electrolyte for a lithium secondary cell is improved in ion conductivity, low-temperature storage characteristics, and a wide potential window region. Also, the lithium salt may be a mixture of inorganic lithium salts and organic lithium salts.

Abstract: Secondary metal ion batteries are fabricated using a working electrolyte that is substantially incompatible with the anode material. This is accomplished by forming an SEI on the anode material at least in part using a compatible (i.e., SEI developing) electrolyte, and including a substantially incompatible (non-SEI forming) composition as the working electrolyte.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises an aluminium halide and a quaternary ammonium halide dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. A non-aqueous electrolytic cell is also described, which comprises an anode made of Al or its alloy, an cathode and the non-aqueous electrolyte provided between the anode and the cathode. The non-aqueous electrolyte is suitable for electrodeposition of aluminium from the electrolyte. Because aluminium is reversibly electrodeposited from and dissolved in the electrolyte, the electrolyte is usable for making secondary cells having good charge and discharge characteristics and a high energy density.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium intercalation cells which contain a dissociable lithium salt dispersed in a polymeric matrix, the polymeric matrix being a self-supporting film of a copolymer of vinylidene difluoride and hexafluoropropylene, in which the plasticizer is exchanged for a solution of the dissociable lithium salt, so that the polymeric electrolyte 20 to 70 wt % of the solution of the dissociable lithium salt, and is characterized in that a plasticizer is used which is stable under the electrochemical conditions of a rechargeable lithium intercalation cell and is selected from the group consisting of hexylene carbonate, octylene carbonate or tributyl phosphate.

Abstract: After undergoing overcharge abuse, non-aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries can be left in a relatively hazardous state of charge, representing a safety concern with respect to subsequent thermal or mechanical abuse. Electrolyte additives which electrochemically form conductive polymers can be used to create a short circuit inside the battery as a result of overcharge abuse and automatically discharge the battery internally. The invention is particularly suitable for batteries equipped with electrical disconnect devices which cannot be discharged externally after the disconnect has activated. Aromatic compounds such as biphenyl are particularly suitable additives.

Abstract: Non-aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries can be protected against overcharge abuse by incorporating small amounts of suitable additives into the electrolyte. Additives selected from the group consisting of phenyl-R-phenyl compounds wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, fluorine substituted biphenyl compounds, and 3-thiopheneacetonitrile can provide superior cycling performance along with satisfactory overcharge protection in high voltage lithium ion batteries. 2,2-diphenylpropane can be a preferred gassing agent additive in batteries equipped with electrical disconnect devices.

Abstract: Battery electrolytes are described which include particular imide and methide conductive salts having mixed fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon groups. These salts exhibit excellent conductivity in electrolytes and are described as useful in electrochemical cells, such as lithium batteries.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing a nonaqueous battery which includes a negative electrode containing lithium or a material capable of occluding and discharging lithium, a positive electrode containing an oxide of manganese or cobalt, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. In the method the nonaqueous electrolyte is treated with an oxide of the metal of the positive electrode before the nonaqueous electrolyte is assembled into the battery. The method provides a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having an improved self-discharge property.

Abstract: The loss in delivered capacity (fade rate) after cycling non-aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries can be reduced by incorporating a small amount of an improved additive in the battery. Improved additives include boron trifluoride (BF.sub.3), fluoboric acid (HBF.sub.4), or complexes thereof. The invention is particularly suited to lithium ion batteries. Complexes comprising BF.sub.3 and dietyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate can be prepared which are particularly effective additives. Preferably, the additive is dissolved in the electrolyte.

Abstract: Electrolytic solutions containing a malonate ester having no alpha-carbon hydrogen atoms are disclosed. The electrolytic solutions can be used in lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: A electrochemical cell is described comprising an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging selected from the group consisting of:(a) a substituted anisole having the general formula (in an uncharged state): ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, and OCH.sub.2 phenyl, and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 phenyl, and O.sup.- Li.sup.+ ; and(b) a di-anisole compound having the general formula (in an uncharged state): ##STR2## where R is selected from the group consisting of -OCH.sub.3 and -CH.sub.3, m is either 1 or 0, n is either 1 or 0, and X is selected from the group consisting of -OCH.sub.3 (methoxy) or its lithium salt --O.sup.- Li.sup.+.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the invention includes a positive electrode using a lithium-metal compound oxide as a positive electrode material, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the battery employing a positive electrode material composed of the lithium-metal compound oxide which contains at least Ni, Co and Mn, and has a peak with a full width at half maximum of not greater than 0.22.degree. in a range of 2.theta.=18.71.+-.0.25.degree. as measured by the powder X-ray diffraction analysis using a Cu-K.alpha. X-ray source or employing a positive electrode material composed of a lithium-metal compound oxide which contains at least Ni, Co and Mn, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution which includes a solvent containing ethylene carbonate and a solute containing at least one type of fluorine-containing compound.

Abstract: A thiophosphate flame retardant represented by (R.sub.1 S).sub.3 P.dbd.O, wherein R.sub.1 is aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl, is added to a non-aqueous solvent to the extent of approximately 1/10-1/100 of a carbonate type solvent which is the main component of an electrolyte, to provide a lithium ion secondary cell solvent offering improved fire-retarding properties without much change of electrolyte composition. In this way, the boiling point can be raised and flame retarding properties can be conferred with almost no increase in the viscosity of the electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lithium ion electrolytic cell having a controlled electrode surface interface, and, an associated electrochemical process. The lithium ion electrolytic cell includes an electrode with a carbonaceous surface and a passivating layer, and, an electrolyte having a solvent. The passivating layer includes lithium, carbon and at least one of an additive or the product of interaction of the additive with the carbonaceous surface. The passivating layer has, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a relative thickness index within the range of about from 10 to about 90, and a lithium ion content index in the range from about 0.1 to about 0.7.

Abstract: A nonaqueous polymer cell according to the present invention contains a lithium ion conductive polymer having a porosity in the range of 10% to 80%. In the cell of the present invention, the electrolyte is held not only in the pores of the microporous polymer but also within the polymer itself. Consequently, lithium ions can move not only through the pores of the microporous polymer film but through the polymer itself. The cell of the present invention, which contains a microporous polymer having interconnected pores, shows greatly improved high-rate charge/discharge characteristics especially when the microporous polymer is used in combination with an electrode comprising an active material which expands and contracts upon charge and discharge, because volume changes of the active material cause flows of the electrolyte through the pores of the microporous polymer and the flows carry lithium ions.

Abstract: Novel fluorinated boron-based compounds which act as anion receptors in non-aqueous battery electrolytes are provided. When added to non-aqueous battery electrolytes, the fluorinated boron-based compounds of the invention enhance ionic conductivity and cation transference number of non-aqueous electrolytes. The fluorinated boron-based anion receptors include borane and borate compounds bearing different fluorinated alkyl and aryl groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution 20; positive and negative plates 34 and 36 in contact with the nonaqueous electrolytic solution 20; a separator 38 disposed between the positive and negative plates 34 and 36; a first lead 18a having one end connected to the positive plate 34 and the other end extending to the outside; a second lead 18b having one end connected to the negative plate 36 and the other end extending to the outside; and a sealed bag 14 for sealing therein the positive and negative plates 34 and 36, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution 20, the separator 38 and parts of the first and second leads 18a and 18b; wherein the sealing bag 14 has a hot-melt resin layer 24, a metal layer 22 disposed outside the hot-melt resin layer 24, and an electrolytic-solution-barrier insulating layer 26 disposed between the hot-melt resin layer 24 and metal layer 22.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution 20 which is a nonaqueous electrolytic medium; positive and negative plates 30 and 32 in contact with the nonaqueous electrolytic medium; a first lead 18a having one end connected to the positive plate 30 and the other end extending to the outside; a second lead 18b having one end connected to the negative plate and the other end extending to the outside; and a sealing bag 14 for sealing the positive and negative plates 30 and 32, the nonaqueous electrolytic medium 20, and parts of the first and second leads 18a and 18b therein, the bag 14 being heat-sealed; wherein at least a heat-sealing portion 12 of the sealing bag 14 has a layer comprising a maleic acid modified polyolefin. The maleic acid modified polyolefin has a low hygroscopicity and a low compatibility with the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery which exhibits satisfactory reliability because reduction in the discharge capacity can be significantly prevented even after use with rapid temperature change and which enables excellent productivity to be realized. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a cathode and an anode in which an active material for the cathode and/or an active material for the anode is integrated by a binder, wherein the binder for the cathode and/or the binder for the anode is a mixture of polyimide, which is soluble in an organic solvent, and a fluorine polymer.

Abstract: The power loss of lithium/lithium ion battery cells is significantly reduced, especially at low temperatures, when about 1% by weight of an additive is incorporated in the electrolyte layer of the cells. The usable additives are organic solvent soluble cyanoethylated polysaccharides and poly(vinyl alcohol). The power loss decrease results primarily from the decrease in the charge transfer resistance at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.

Abstract: A flame retardant solid electrolyte comprising an ion conductive polymer matrix having moieties capable of imparting flame retardance to the polymer matrix and ether bonds in the molecule and an electrolyte salt dispersed in the polymer matrix. The flame retardant solid electrolyte may be one which comprises a non-ion-conductive polymer matrix and a liquid electrolyte consisting of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a solvent therefor, which is dispersed in the polymer matrix. The flame retardance-imparting moieties are derived from halogen or phosphorus-bearing compounds.

Abstract: A polymer solid electrolyte, a method for manufacturing the polymer solid electrolyte, and a lithium secondary cell adopting the polymer solid electrolyte are provided. The polymer solid electrolyte includes a polymer electrolyte medium, at least one vinylidene fluoride resin and/or at least one N,N-diethylacrylamide. The polymer solid electrolyte provides excellent ion conductivity and mechanical strength.

Abstract: The invention relates to thin film solid state electrochemical cells consisting of a lithium metal anode, a polymer electrolyte and a cathode, where the lithium anode has been stabilized with a polymer film capable of transmitting lithium ions. Methods for making battery cells using the anode stabilizing films of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: A polymer solid electrolyte that is useable in a lithium secondary cell comprising a polymer matrix, a polymerization initiator, an inorganic salt and a solvent. The polymer matrix is composed of a copolymer of a monomer having an amide group at a side chain and a polymer with an oxyethylene repeating unit. The polymer solid electrolyte has excellent conductivity and can easily be processed due to its good mechanical property.

Abstract: A material for a negative electrode of a cell, which is prepared according to a process of the present invention, can provides a cell having a high true specific gravity, a high charging capacity and an excellent cycle characteristic. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing said carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering said powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. or higher to produce a graphite. In addition, in accordance with the present invention, there is also provided non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprising a negative electrode, which is prepared by carbonizing an organic compound to form a carbide thereof, pulverizing the carbide to form a powder having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m to 2 mm, and sintering the powder of the carbide at a temperature of 2,000.degree. C. to form a graphite.

Abstract: An ionically conductive material which contains at least one ionic compound in solution in an aprotic solvent, wherein the ionic compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (1/mM).sup.61 ((ZY)2N).sup..crclbar., (1/mM).sup..sym. ((ZY).sub.3 C).sup..crclbar., or (1/mM).sup..sym. ((ZY).sub.2 CQ).sup..crclbar., wherein M, Z, Y and Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrochemical cells with improved performance can be fabricated by employing anodes comprising a composition having graphite particles that have a BET method specific surface area of about 6 to about 12 m2/g and a crystallite height Lc of about 100 nm to about 120 nm, and wherein at least 90% (wt) of the graphite particles are less than 16 &mgr;m in size; a cathode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a solvent and salt that is interposed between the anode and cathode. When employed in an electrochemical cell, the anode can attain a specific electrode capacity of at least 300 mAhr/g. The electrochemical cell has a cycle life of greater than 1500 cycles, and has a first cycle capacity loss of only about 10% to about 15%.

Abstract: A secondary, lithium-ion electrochemical cell having improved properties and a method for providing a secondary, lithium-ion electrochemical cell having the same. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for reducing and/or preventing the exfoliation of the graphitic carbonaceous electrode of a lithium-ion cell, wherein the exfoliation is caused by the intercalation of electrolyte solvent along with lithium ion into the graphitic carbonaceous electrode. This method is accomplished by adding one or more chelating polyamines to the electrolyte solution of the lithium-ion cell. The novel method and the improved lithium-ion cell are claimed herein.