Abstract: Provided is a lithium battery in which the cathode comprises an electroactive sulfur-containing material and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and one or more capacity-enhancing reactive components. Suitable reactive components include electron transfer mediators. Also are provided methods for making the lithium battery.

Abstract: A new cathode design has a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability contacted to a first cathode current collector and a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with a second cathode current collector, is described. The first and second cathode current collectors are connected to a common terminal lead. The present cathode design is useful for powering an implantable medical device requiring a high rate discharge application.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic solution composed of two or more organic compounds dissolved in a solvent composed of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, in an amount of 0.01 to 8 weight % for each compound, in which both of the two organic compounds have a reduction potential higher than those of the cyclic and chain carbonates, and in which one of the organic compounds has a reduction potential equal to that of another organic compound or has a reduction potential lower or higher than that of another organic compound by a potential of less than 0.4 V is favorably employable for a non-aqueous secondary battery.

Abstract: Provided are a nonaqueous electrolyte for improving overcharge safety and a lithium battery using the same. The nonaqueous electrolyte according to the present invention forms a polymer due to its oxidative decomposition even if there is an increase in voltage due to overcharge of a battery by some uncontrollable conditions, so that overcharge current is continuously consumed, thereby protecting the battery. Therefore, overcharge safety of the battery can be enhanced, and occurrence of swelling is reduced. Also, deterioration in formation, standard capacity and cycle life characteristics can be prevented.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive having the formula: (R1O)P(?O) (OR2) (OR3) and wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different, wherein at least one, but not all three, of the R groups is hydrogen, or at least one of the R groups has at least 3 carbon atoms and contains an sp or sp2 hybridized carbon atom bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom bonded to the phosphorous atom.

Abstract: To improve an impregnation property of an electrolyte and the cycle characteristics, which have been a problem in the case of employing a casing having a variable shape. A lithium secondary cell comprising a casing having a variable shape, and a cell element having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, sealed in the casing, wherein a compound represented by following formula (1) is contained in the lithium secondary cell: A1-X-A2??(1) (wherein X is a Group VI element in the periodic table, and A1 and A2 represent an aromatic group, provided that A1 and A2 may be the same or different, and may be connected each other to constitute a ring.

Abstract: There are disclosed a non-aqueous electrolyte which comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt, and further contains a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein X represents —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO2, Y represents a single bond, —CH2—, —CH2—CH2—, —CH?CH— or —CO— and R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a halogen group, provided that X and Y do not represent —CO— at the same time.

Abstract: In a lithium polymer battery of the present invention, a positive electrode, an negative electrode and a separator respectively contain a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, an electrolyte contains a solvent comprising diethyl carbonate and a solute dissolved in the solvent, and the electrolyte further contains diphenyl ether as an additive. With the use of the above electrolyte, it is possible to improve the thermal stability of the battery containing P(VDF-HFP) in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator and to operate the shutdown function surely, thereby ensuring the excellent safety of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte containing ethylene carbonate and ?-butyrolactone, wherein, when a charge-discharge cycle test satisfying conditions (A) to (D) given below is performed under an environment of 45° C., the capacity retention rate at 100-th charge-discharge cycle is at least 85% based on the discharge capacity in the first charge-discharge cycle, (A) for the charging, the constant current-constant voltage charging to 4.2V is performed for 3 hours under a current of 1C, (B) the discharging is performed to 3V under a current of 1C, (C) after the charging, the secondary battery is left to stand for 10 minutes, followed by performing the discharging, and (D) after the discharging, the secondary battery is left to stand for 10 minutes, followed by performing the charging.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery that includes a first component solvent with a sulfur solubility greater than or equal to 20 mM, a second component solvent with a sulfur solubility less than 20 mM, a third component solvent with a high dielectric constant and a high viscosity, and an electrolyte salt. This battery shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprises lithium salts, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive compound of formula (1): 1

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes lithium salts, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and additive compounds, which initiates decomposition at 4V to 5V and show a constant current maintenance plateau region of more than or equal to 0.5V at measurement of LSV (linear sweep voltammetry). The additive compounds added to the electrolyte of the present invention decompose earlier than the organic solvent to form a conductive polymer layer on the surface of a positive electrode by increased electrochemical energy and heat at overcharge. The conductive polymer layer prevents decomposition of the organic solvent. Accordingly, the electrolyte inhibits gas generation caused by decomposition of the organic solvent during high temperature storage, and also improves safety of the battery during overcharge.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to supply organic borates highly soluble even in a solvent of a low dielectric constant; nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates and excellent in characteristics; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; electric appliances that can be free of protection circuits, and; various applications of the electric appliances. The present invention relates to: organic borate compounds represented by structural formula (1) where X denotes lithium or quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium and R1, R2, R3, and R4 each denote an independent halogen-atom displacement alkyl group whose carbon number ranges from 1 to 4, and organic borate compounds whose R1, R2, R3, and R4 are represented by trifluoromethyl groups or pentafluoroethyl groups, in particular, can be easily dissolved to concentrations of at least 0.

Abstract: The invention provides a battery which has both excellent high load characteristics and low temperature characteristics. The battery comprises a battery device, wherein a cathode and an anode are layered and wound with a separator and an electrolyte in between. The electrolyte is formed by firstly forming coating layer containing a high molecular weight compound, a high viscosity solvent having a boiling point of more than 150° C., and an electrolyte salt on the cathode and the anode, and then injecting an injection solution containing a low viscosity solvent having a boiling point of 150° C., or less in the coating layer. A concentration of the low viscosity solvent in the electrolyte changes in the facing direction of the cathode and the anode. The concentration of the low viscosity solvent in the electrolyte is higher between the cathode and the anode, than on the cathode side and the anode side. Therefore, a diffusion rate of lithium ions is raised, and overvoltage is reduced.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell apparatus and a heat storage device. The heat storage device is in fluid communication with and responsive to the fuel cell apparatus and is adapted to receive and store heat from and deliver heat to the fuel cell apparatus.

Abstract: An electrolyte of a lithium battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a compound additive such as a sulfone-based compound, a carbonate-based compound, and a sulfoxide compound that substantially include aromatic hydrocarbon groups. The lithium battery utilizing the electrolyte of the present invention has improved electrochemical properties such as capacity at a high rate and safety of the battery during overcharge.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte additive includes an organosilicon backbone including at least one ethylene oxide (CH2CH2O) unit, at least two pyridinium groups bound to the backbone, the pyridinium groups each bound to at least one halogen ion or halogen-containing anion. The additive is useful for forming improved liquid and polymer electrolytes for lithium ion and lithium metal batteries.

Abstract: An electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery includes lithium salts, an organic solvent with a high boiling point, and a carbonate-based additive compound having substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a cyano (CN), and a nitro (NO2). The electrolyte improves discharge, low temperature, and cycle life characteristics of a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: A battery, which has excellent safety in an overcharged state and is excellent in low-temperature characteristics and cycle characteristics, is provided.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode or the negative electrode is an electrode obtained by depositing a thin film of active material capable of lithium storage and release on a current collector, the thin film is divided into columns by gaps formed therein in a manner to extend in its thickness direction and the columnar portions are adhered at their bottoms to the current collector, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains at least one selected from phosphate ester, phosphite ester, borate ester and carboxylic ester having a fluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a support salt. The non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises a phosphazene derivative. The phosphazene derivative having a specified structure functions as an electrode stabilizing agent or a non-combustion agent.

Abstract: A secondary cell employs a non-aqueous electrolyte solution including a non-aqueous solvent and a salt, and a flame retardant material that is a liquid at room temperature and pressure and substantially immiscible in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution is formed by dissolving a salt, preferably an alkali metal salt, in a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent preferably includes a cyclic carbonate and/or a linear carbonate. The cyclic carbonate preferably contains an alkylene group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the linear carbonate preferably contains a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Preferred salts include LiPF6 and LiBF4 at a concentration from about 0.1 to about 3.0 moles/liter in the non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery includes lithium salts, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and additive compounds. The additive compounds added to the electrolyte of the present invention decompose earlier than the organic solvent to form a conductive polymer layer on the surface of a positive electrode, and prevent decomposition of the organic solvent. Accordingly, the electrolyte inhibits gas generation caused by decomposition of the organic solvent at initial charging, and thus reduces an increase of internal pressure and swelling during high temperature storage, and also improves safety of the battery during overcharge.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a battery comprises LiBOB salt in gamma butyrolactone and a low viscosity solvent. The low viscosity solvent may comprise a nitrile, an ether, a linear carbonate, or a linear ester. This electrolyte is suitable for use in lithium ion batteries having graphite negative electrodes. Batteries using this electrolyte have high conductivity, low polarization, and high discharge capacity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell that does not impair heat resistant safety and electrochemical characteristics such as a discharge characteristic, and enhances long-period reliability. In the cell of the present invention, a nonaqueous solvent has, among compounds represented by the following general formula (1), at least one solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or higher, and has, among compounds represented by the following general formula (1), at least one solvent having a boiling point of lower than 200° C.; and the total volume ratio at 23° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell that does not impair heat resistant safety and electrochemical characteristics such as a discharge characteristic, and enhances long-period reliability. In the cell of the present invention, a nonaqueous solvent has, among compounds represented by the following general formula (1), at least one solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or higher, and has, among compounds represented by the following general formula (1), at least one solvent having a boiling point of lower than 200° C.; and the total volume ratio at 23° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing galvanic elements having a liquid organic electrolyte that contain an electrode-separator assembly that has at least one lithium intercalating electrode in whose polymer matrix insoluble, electrochemically active materials are finely distributed in the polymer involved, the electrolyte contains about 2% to about 15% by weight of a hydrocarbon-oxygen compound (carbonate) that has a central carbon atom, to which one oxygen atom is doubly bonded and two oxygen are singly bonded, where the singly bonded oxygen is not saturated by any other atoms or groups and a hydrocarbon chain having a length of four carbon atoms or less is bonded to each of those singly bonded oxygen atoms and these two chains differ by at least one, but no more than three, CH2 groups, and this electrode-separator assembly is initially impregnated with this electrolyte, then cut to size, and subsequently inserted into a housing.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte for use in an electrochemical cell having an alkali metal anode is provided. The liquid electrolyte comprises an additive formed of at least one selected from the group comprising: a tautomer; an alcohol having the formula R—OH, where R is one selected from the group comprising an unsaturated carbon chain having at least two carbon atoms, a saturated carbon chain having at least one carbon atom, and an aromatic carbon chain; a sugar; and an acid selected from the group comprising nitric acid, sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid partially substituted with an ion of said alkali metal material.

Abstract: An autoclavable elctrochemical cell which may be used in an implantable medical device. The anode active material is lithium or other material from groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table and having a melting point greater than about 150 degrees C. The cathode active material is silver vanadium oxide or other metal oxide or carbon monoflouride. The solvent for the electrolyte has a boiling point greater than about 100 degrees C. and a dielectric constant greater than about 5 so that the cell. may be dimensionally and chemically stable during repeated exposures of about one hour each to the autoclaving temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery is provided, which exhibits good high-rate discharge characteristics and low-temperature characteristics and ensures high safety when the negative electrode contains 0.6 to 1.7 parts by weight of a particulate modified styrene-butadiene rubber as a binder and 0.7 to 1.2 parts by weight of a thickening agent so that the total amount of the binder and thickening agent is 1.3 to 2.4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a carbon material as an active material, and the concentration of LiPF6 in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.6 to 1.05 mole/liter. The surface area of the active material effectively contributable to charging and discharging reaction is sufficient when the surface area of the carbon material per 1 g of the binder contained in the negative electrode is 300 to 600 m2.

Abstract: Primary and secondary Li-ion and lithium-metal based electrochemical cell systems. Suppression of gas generation is achieved in the cell through the addition of an additive or additives to the electrolyte system of the respective cell, or to the cell whether it be a liquid, a solid- or plastized polymer electrolyte system. The gas suppression additives are preferably based on unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The addition of a compound which reductively decomposes on a potential at least 1.0 V higher than the equilibrium potential of metallic lithium and lithium ions (a potential versus Li/Li+ of +1.0 V or more) to an electrolyte solution for a secondary cell keeps propylene carbonate, when used as an organic electrolyte therein, from decomposing on the negative electrode. Such addition also improves the cycle properties, electrical capacity and low-temperature characteristics of the cell.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution includes a lithium salt and an organic solvent containing a phosphonate compound, and a lithium battery utilizes the organic electrolytic solution. When using the organic electrolyte containing the phosphonate compound to manufacture a lithium secondary battery, the lithium secondary battery has improved stability to reduction-induced decomposition, reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, and improved charging/discharging efficiency and lifespan. In addition, the lithium secondary battery does not swell beyond a predetermined thickness range after formation and standard charging at room temperature and has improved reliability. Even when the lithium secondary battery swells seriously at a high temperature, its capacity is high enough for practical applications. The capacity of the lithium secondary battery may substantially be recovered after being left at a high temperature.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one carbonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture including ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is either a linear or cyclic carbonate containing covalent O—X and O—Y bonds on opposite sides of a carbonyl group wherein at least one of the O—X and the O—Y bonds has a dissociation energy less than about 80 kcal/mole.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a lithium secondary battery having excellent performances in safety under overcharge condition, cycle property, electric capacity, and storage endurance, 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of a tert-alkylbenzene compound is favorably incorporated into a non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprising a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte, preferably in combination with 0.1 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % of a biphenyl compound.

Abstract: A safe high-performance lithium secondary cell is provided whereby bulging of a lithium secondary cell during storage at a high temperature, which is particularly problematic when a casing accommodating a cell element is a variable shape casing, is suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a battery having an anode, a cathode, and a flame-retarding electrolyte with a conductivity greater than about 10−3 S/cm at ambient temperature and which includes a compound that chemically interferes with flame propagation.

Abstract: An alkali metal secondary electrochemical cell, and preferably a lithium ion cell, activated with an equilibrated quaternary solvent system, is described. The solvent system comprises a mixture of dialkyl carbonates and cyclic carbonates, and preferably a quaternary mixture of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate with dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate in an equilibrated molar mixture. Lithium ion cells activated with this electrolyte have good room temperature cycling characteristics and excellent low temperature discharge behavior.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safe non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with characteristics analogous to those of a conventional battery by minimizing battery expansion that causes damage to a device during high temperature exposure or storage.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent including 20 to 95 vol % of an ester-based or ether-based organic solvent based on the total amount of organic solvent; lithium salts; and an additive compound having at least two carbonate groups. A lithium secondary battery including this electrolyte has good swelling inhibition properties as well as electrochemical properties such as capacity and cycle life.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a ketone compound having the formula (I): 1

Abstract: Electrolyte solutions were suggested for electrochemical cells, for example for double-layer capacitors, which showed conductivities of more than 20 mS/cm at 25° C., at least comprising of a primary salt, which is released in a solvent alloy of “A” at least a solvent of high polarity and “B” at least a non-toxic solvent of low viscosity. Because of the low or non-availability of parts of acetonitrile, the electrolyte solutions are not in danger of a release of hydrogen cyanide if fire breaks out.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an oxalate compound, and a lithium battery using the organic electrolytic solution are provided. Due to the oxalate compound, the organic electrolytic solution stabilizes lithium metal and improves the conductivity of lithium ions. Also, the organic electrolytic solution present invention improves charging/discharging efficiency when used in lithium batteries having a lithium metal anode. Especially when the organic electrolytic solution is used in lithium sulfur batteries, the oxalate compound forms a chelate with lithium ions and improves the ionic conductivity and the charging/discharging efficiency of the battery. In addition, due to the chelation of the lithium ions, negative sulfur ions remain free without interaction with lithium ions, are highly likely to dissolve in an electrolytic solution. As a result, a reversible capacity of sulfur is improved.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a lithium battery employing the same are provided. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution that contains a substituted or unsubstituted acetate can effectively stabilize lithium metal and improve the conductivity of lithium ions.

Abstract: Thermally stable electrolytes for Li-ion batteries obtained with the use of Lewis base additives to the electrolytes are disclosed. The Lewis bases stabilize electrolytes composed of solutions of LiPF6 in organic carbonates against decomposition at temperatures as high as 85° C. Additives suitable for stabilizing LiPF6-containing electrolytes include amines, for example, triethylenediamine (TEDA) and 2,2′-bipyridine (BIPY), phosphines, for example, triphenylphosphine (TPP) and tributylphosphine (TBP), and nitrogen-phosphorus bonded compounds such as hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene ([N═P(OCH3)2]3) (HMOPA), hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA), and N-phenyl-P,P,P-trimethylphosphorimidate (PhTMI). These additives are also capable of stabilizing electrolytes in solvents other than carbonates including ethers, esters and sulfones.

Abstract: Disclosed are oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cell electrolytes containing oxidizing additives, and methods of treating lithium electrodes with oxidizing agents and battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes. Battery cells containing SO2 as an electrolyte additive in accordance with the present invention exhibit higher discharge capacities after cell storage over cells not containing SO2. Pre-treating the lithium electrode with SO2 gas prior to battery assembly prevented cell polarization. Moreover, the SO2 treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.

Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution where the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a compound Ain which a halogen group is bonded to a benzene ring and a compound B oxidized at a potential lower than that of the compound A, and the compound B is at least one selected from an aromatic compound and a heterocyclic compound. Thus, a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent overcharging safety and being capable of ensuring storage reliability with less generation of gas during storage at a high temperature can be provided.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electrolytic solution including a lithium salt and an organic solvent containing an alkoxy-containing compound such as 1,1,3-trimethoxypropane. When polyglyme and an organic compound having dioxolane moiety are further added into the organic electrolytic solution, a lithium metal stabilizing effect and the ionic conductivity of lithium ions are enhanced, and thus, the charging/discharging efficiency of lithium is greatly improved. Such an organic electrolytic solution can be effectively used for any kind of lithium batteries and lithium sulfur batteries, even whose which use a lithium metal anode.

Abstract: A Li-ion polymer battery and methods for its fabrication. A first and second layer, of a polymer/particulate material composition, separate and bind each anode and cathode. The polymer of the first layer and its associated solvent differ from the polymer of the second layer and its associated solvent. Solubility requirements are such that the polymer of the first layer is non-soluble in the solvent of the second layer, and the polymer of the second layer is non-soluble in the solvent of the first layer. The polymers and particulate materials of the layers form a porous structure for containing the electrolyte of the battery so as to eliminate the need for a substantial case for enclosing the battery.